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{{Short description|Muscle in the thenar compartment}}
{{Anatomy terms}}
{{Infobox muscle
{{Infobox muscle
| Name = Flexor pollicis brevis muscle
| Name = Flexor pollicis brevis muscle
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| Image = 1121 Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand Superficial sin.png
| Image = 1121 Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand Superficial sin.png
| Caption = Superficial muscles of the left hand, palmar view.
| Caption = Superficial muscles of the left hand, palmar view.
| Origin = [[Trapezium bone|trapezium]], [[Flexor retinaculum of the hand|flexor retinaculum]]
| Origin = [[Trapezium bone|Trapezium]], [[Flexor retinaculum of the hand|flexor retinaculum]]
| Insertion = [[thumb]], [[Proximal phalanges|proximal phalanx]]
| Insertion = [[Thumb]], [[Proximal phalanges|proximal phalanx]]
| Action = Flexes the thumb at the first [[metacarpophalangeal joint]]
| Action = Flexes the thumb at the first [[metacarpophalangeal joint]]
| Antagonist = [[Extensor pollicis longus muscle|Extensor pollicis longus]] and [[Extensor pollicis brevis muscle|brevis]]
| Antagonist = [[Extensor pollicis longus muscle|Extensor pollicis longus]] and [[Extensor pollicis brevis muscle|brevis]]
Line 12: Line 14:
| Nerve = [[Recurrent branch of the median nerve]], [[deep branch of ulnar nerve]] (medial head)
| Nerve = [[Recurrent branch of the median nerve]], [[deep branch of ulnar nerve]] (medial head)
}}
}}
The '''flexor pollicis brevis''' is a muscle in the hand that flexes the thumb. It is one of three [[thenar muscles]].<ref name=":0">{{Citation|last1=Fernández-de-las-Peñas|first1=César|title=8 - Deep dry needling of the arm and hand muscles|date=2012-01-01|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780702046018000086|work=Trigger Point Dry Needling|pages=107–118|editor-last=Dommerholt|editor-first=Jan|place=Oxford|publisher=Churchill Livingstone|language=en|doi=10.1016/b978-0-7020-4601-8.00008-6|isbn=978-0-7020-4601-8|access-date=2020-10-25|last2=Iglesias|first2=Javier González|last3=Gröbli|first3=Christian|last4=Weissmann|first4=Ricky|editor2-last=Fernández-de-las-Peñas|editor2-first=César}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Citation|last=Strickland|first=James W.|title=Chapter 2 - Anatomy and Kinesiology of the Hand|date=2006-01-01|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323031868500058|work=Hand Function in the Child (Second Edition)|pages=21–44|editor-last=Henderson|editor-first=Anne|place=Saint Louis|publisher=Mosby|language=en|doi=10.1016/b978-032303186-8.50005-8|isbn=978-0-323-03186-8|access-date=2020-10-25|editor2-last=Pehoski|editor2-first=Charlane}}</ref> It has both a superficial part and a deep part.
The '''flexor pollicis brevis''' is a muscle in the hand that flexes the thumb. It is one of three [[thenar muscles]]. It has both a superficial part and a deep part.


==Origin and insertion==
==Origin and insertion==
The muscle's superficial head arises from the distal edge of the [[flexor retinaculum of the hand|flexor retinaculum]] and the tubercle of the [[Trapezium (bone)|trapezium]], the most lateral bone in the distal row of [[carpal bones]]. It passes along the radial side of the tendon of the [[Flexor pollicis longus muscle|flexor pollicis longus]].
The muscle's superficial head arises from the distal edge of the [[flexor retinaculum of the hand|flexor retinaculum]] and the tubercle of the [[Trapezium (bone)|trapezium]], the most lateral bone in the distal row of [[carpal bones]].<ref name=":0" /> It passes along the radial side of the tendon of the [[Flexor pollicis longus muscle|flexor pollicis longus]].


The deeper (and medial) head "varies in size and may be absent."<ref>Gray's 37th British Edition, p. 630"</ref> It arises from the [[Trapezoid bone|trapezoid]] and [[capitate]] bones on the floor of the [[carpal tunnel]], as well as the [[Palmar carpal ligament|ligaments]] of the distal [[Carpal bones|carpal]] row.<ref>Gray's 37th British Edition, p. 630"</ref>
The deeper (and medial) head "varies in size and may be absent."<ref name="Gray37th630p">Gray's 37th British Edition, p. 630"</ref> It arises from the [[Trapezoid bone|trapezoid]] and [[capitate]] bones on the floor of the [[carpal tunnel]], as well as the [[Palmar carpal ligament|ligaments]] of the distal [[Carpal bones|carpal]] row.<ref name="Gray37th630p" />


Both heads become [[tendon|tendinous]] and insert together into the radial side of the base of the proximal [[Phalanx bones|phalanx]] of the [[thumb]]; at the junction between the tendinous heads there is a [[sesamoid]] bone.<ref name="Gray's">''[[Gray's Anatomy]]'' 1918, see infobox</ref>
Both heads become [[tendon|tendinous]] and insert together into the radial side of the base of the proximal [[Phalanx bones|phalanx]] of the [[thumb]];<ref name=":1" /> at the junction between the tendinous heads there is a [[sesamoid]] bone.<ref name="Gray's">''[[Gray's Anatomy]]'' 1918, see infobox</ref>


==Innervation==
==Innervation==
The superficial head is usually innervated by the lateral terminal branch of the [[median nerve]]. The deep part is often innervated by the deep branch of the [[ulnar nerve]] ([[Cervical spinal nerve 8|C8]], [[Spinal nerve|T1]]).<ref>Gray's 37th British Edition, p. 630"</ref>
The superficial head is usually innervated by the lateral terminal branch of the [[median nerve]].<ref name=":0" /> The deep part is often innervated by the deep branch of the [[ulnar nerve]] ([[Cervical spinal nerve 8|C8]], [[Spinal nerve|T1]]).<ref name=":1" /><ref name="Gray37th630p" />


==Blood supply==
==Blood supply==
The flexor pollicis brevis receives its blood supply from the superficial palmar branches of radial artery.<ref name="PTCentral">{{Cite web
The flexor pollicis brevis receives its blood supply from the [[Superficial palmar branch of radial artery|superficial palmar branches of radial artery]].<ref name="PTCentral">{{Cite web|title=Brachium to Hand Musculature|url=http://www.ptcentral.com/muscles/musclearms.html#flexor%20pollicis%20brevis|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204112837/http://www.ptcentral.com/muscles/musclearms.html#flexor%20pollicis%20brevis|archive-date=4 February 2012|publisher=PTCentral}}</ref>
|title = Brachium to Hand Musculature
|url = http://www.ptcentral.com/muscles/musclearms.html#flexor%20pollicis%20brevis
|publisher = PTCentral
|accessdate = November 2012
|url-status = dead
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120204112837/http://www.ptcentral.com/muscles/musclearms.html#flexor%20pollicis%20brevis
|archivedate = 2012-02-04
}}</ref>


==Action==
==Action==
The flexor pollicis brevis flexes the thumb at the [[metacarpophalangeal joint]], as well as [[Anatomical terms of motion|flexion]] and [[Anatomical terms of motion|medial]] [[Anatomical terms of motion|rotation]] of the [[Metacarpal bones|1st metacarpal bone]] at the [[carpometacarpal joint]].<ref>Gray's 37th British Edition, p. 630"</ref>
The flexor pollicis brevis flexes the thumb at the [[metacarpophalangeal joint]],<ref name=":0" /> as well as [[Anatomical terms of motion|flexion]] and [[Anatomical terms of motion|medial rotation]] of the [[Metacarpal bones|1st metacarpal bone]] at the [[carpometacarpal joint]].<ref name="Gray37th630p" />


== Pathology ==
== Pathology ==
Flexor pollicis brevis can, rarely, be completely absent at birth due to a [[Birth defect|congenital issue]] (as can the other muscles of the [[thenar eminence]]).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Iyer|first=K. M.|last2=Stanley|first2=J. K.|date=2017-07-18|title=Congenital Absence of Flexor Pollicis Brevis and Abductor Pollicis Brevis:|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1016/S0072-968X%2882%2980067-3|journal=Hand|language=en|doi=10.1016/S0072-968X(82)80067-3}}</ref>
Flexor pollicis brevis can, rarely, be completely absent at birth due to a [[Birth defect|congenital issue]] (as can the other muscles of the [[thenar eminence]]).<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Iyer|first1=K. M.|last2=Stanley|first2=J. K.|date=2017-07-18|title=Congenital Absence of Flexor Pollicis Brevis and Abductor Pollicis Brevis|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1016/S0072-968X%2882%2980067-3|journal=Hand|volume=14|issue=3|pages=313–316|language=en|doi=10.1016/S0072-968X(82)80067-3|pmid=7152382|s2cid=41628800}}</ref>


==Additional images==
==Additional images==
<gallery>
<gallery>
Image:Musculusflexorpollicisbrevis.png|The muscles of the left hand. Palmar surface. (Flexor pollicis brevis visible at center right, near thumb.)
Image:Musculusflexorpollicisbrevis.png|The muscles of the left hand. Palmar surface. (Flexor pollicis brevis visible at center right, near thumb.)
File:Braus 1921 215.png|Caput profundum of the Flexor pollicis brevis muscle
File:Hand dissection 9.jpg|Flexor pollicis brevis muscle
File:Hand dissection 9.jpg|Flexor pollicis brevis muscle
Image:Gray219.png|Bones of the left hand. Volar surface.
Image:Gray219.png|Bones of the left hand. Volar surface.
Image:Gray415.png|Front of the left forearm. Deep muscles.
Image:Gray415.png|Front of the left forearm. Deep muscles.
Image:Gray422.png|Transverse section across the wrist and digits.
Image:Carpal-Tunnel.svg|Transverse section across the wrist and digits.
Image:Gray815.png|Superficial palmar nerves.
Image:Gray815.png|Superficial palmar nerves.
Image:Gray817.png|Deep palmar nerves.
Image:Gray817.png|Deep palmar nerves.

Latest revision as of 15:00, 19 December 2024

This article uses anatomical terminology.
Flexor pollicis brevis muscle
Superficial muscles of the left hand, palmar view.
Details
OriginTrapezium, flexor retinaculum
InsertionThumb, proximal phalanx
ArterySuperficial palmar arch
NerveRecurrent branch of the median nerve, deep branch of ulnar nerve (medial head)
ActionsFlexes the thumb at the first metacarpophalangeal joint
AntagonistExtensor pollicis longus and brevis
Identifiers
Latinmusculus flexor pollicis brevis
TA98A04.6.02.055
TA22522
FMA37378
Anatomical terms of muscle

The flexor pollicis brevis is a muscle in the hand that flexes the thumb. It is one of three thenar muscles.[1][2] It has both a superficial part and a deep part.

Origin and insertion

[edit]

The muscle's superficial head arises from the distal edge of the flexor retinaculum and the tubercle of the trapezium, the most lateral bone in the distal row of carpal bones.[1] It passes along the radial side of the tendon of the flexor pollicis longus.

The deeper (and medial) head "varies in size and may be absent."[3] It arises from the trapezoid and capitate bones on the floor of the carpal tunnel, as well as the ligaments of the distal carpal row.[3]

Both heads become tendinous and insert together into the radial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb;[2] at the junction between the tendinous heads there is a sesamoid bone.[4]

Innervation

[edit]

The superficial head is usually innervated by the lateral terminal branch of the median nerve.[1] The deep part is often innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve (C8, T1).[2][3]

Blood supply

[edit]

The flexor pollicis brevis receives its blood supply from the superficial palmar branches of radial artery.[5]

Action

[edit]

The flexor pollicis brevis flexes the thumb at the metacarpophalangeal joint,[1] as well as flexion and medial rotation of the 1st metacarpal bone at the carpometacarpal joint.[3]

Pathology

[edit]

Flexor pollicis brevis can, rarely, be completely absent at birth due to a congenital issue (as can the other muscles of the thenar eminence).[6]

Additional images

[edit]
  • The muscles of the left hand. Palmar surface. (Flexor pollicis brevis visible at center right, near thumb.)
    The muscles of the left hand. Palmar surface. (Flexor pollicis brevis visible at center right, near thumb.)
  • Caput profundum of the Flexor pollicis brevis muscle
    Caput profundum of the Flexor pollicis brevis muscle
  • Flexor pollicis brevis muscle
    Flexor pollicis brevis muscle
  • Bones of the left hand. Volar surface.
    Bones of the left hand. Volar surface.
  • Front of the left forearm. Deep muscles.
    Front of the left forearm. Deep muscles.
  • Transverse section across the wrist and digits.
    Transverse section across the wrist and digits.
  • Superficial palmar nerves.
    Superficial palmar nerves.
  • Deep palmar nerves.
    Deep palmar nerves.
  • Flexor pollicis brevis muscle
    Flexor pollicis brevis muscle
  • Flexor pollicis brevis muscle
    Flexor pollicis brevis muscle
  • Flexor pollicis brevis muscle
    Flexor pollicis brevis muscle
  • Flexor pollicis brevis muscle
    Flexor pollicis brevis muscle
  • Flexor pollicis brevis muscle
    Flexor pollicis brevis muscle
  • Flexor pollicis brevis muscle
    Flexor pollicis brevis muscle
  • Flexor pollicis brevis muscle
    Flexor pollicis brevis muscle
  • Flexor pollicis brevis muscle
    Flexor pollicis brevis muscle
  • Flexor pollicis brevis muscle
    Flexor pollicis brevis muscle
  • Flexor pollicis brevis muscle
    Flexor pollicis brevis muscle
  • Muscles of hand. Cross section.
    Muscles of hand. Cross section.

References

[edit]

Public domain This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 461 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

  1. ^ a b c d Fernández-de-las-Peñas, César; Iglesias, Javier González; Gröbli, Christian; Weissmann, Ricky (2012-01-01), Dommerholt, Jan; Fernández-de-las-Peñas, César (eds.), "8 - Deep dry needling of the arm and hand muscles", Trigger Point Dry Needling, Oxford: Churchill Livingstone, pp. 107–118, doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-4601-8.00008-6, ISBN 978-0-7020-4601-8, retrieved 2020-10-25
  2. ^ a b c Strickland, James W. (2006-01-01), Henderson, Anne; Pehoski, Charlane (eds.), "Chapter 2 - Anatomy and Kinesiology of the Hand", Hand Function in the Child (Second Edition), Saint Louis: Mosby, pp. 21–44, doi:10.1016/b978-032303186-8.50005-8, ISBN 978-0-323-03186-8, retrieved 2020-10-25
  3. ^ a b c d Gray's 37th British Edition, p. 630"
  4. ^ Gray's Anatomy 1918, see infobox
  5. ^ "Brachium to Hand Musculature". PTCentral. Archived from the original on 4 February 2012.
  6. ^ Iyer, K. M.; Stanley, J. K. (2017-07-18). "Congenital Absence of Flexor Pollicis Brevis and Abductor Pollicis Brevis". Hand. 14 (3): 313–316. doi:10.1016/S0072-968X(82)80067-3. PMID 7152382. S2CID 41628800.
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