Cyclone Anatol: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Cyclone}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}} |
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{{for|the masculine given name|Anatol (given name)}} |
{{for|the masculine given name|Anatol (given name)}} |
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[[Image:Anatol NOAA polar IR 4.jpg|thumb|[[Infrared]] satellite image of Anatol over Northern Europe, 3 December 1999 at 1625 UTC]] |
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'''Anatol''' is the name given by the [[German Weather Service]] (the Danish service knew it as "Adam") to a powerful winter storm that hit [[Denmark]], Southwest [[Sweden]], and Northern [[Germany]] on December 3, 1999. The storm had sustained winds of 146 km/h and wind gusts of up to 184 km/h, equivalent to an intense [[Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale|category 1 hurricane]], which is unusually strong for storms in northern Europe. The storm caused six fatalities and over 800 injuries in Denmark. |
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'''Anatol''' is the name given by the [[Free University of Berlin]] (the Danish TV2 channel named it "Adam"<ref>{{cite web|last=Cappelen|first=John|title=Orkaner på vore breddegrader (hurricanes at our latitude)|url=http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/index/viden/temaer/orkaner_-_vejrgudernes__hvirvlende_dans/orkaner6.htm|publisher=Danish Meteorological Institute|access-date=15 December 2011|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204122338/http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/index/viden/temaer/orkaner_-_vejrgudernes__hvirvlende_dans/orkaner6.htm|archive-date=4 February 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> also often referred to as ''århundredets orkan'' (storm of the century) or ''Decemberorkanen'' (December Storm) in Denmark, and commonly as Carolastormen or Orkan Carola (Storm Carol) in Sweden) to a powerful winter storm that hit [[Denmark]], Southwest [[Sweden]], and [[Northern Germany]] on 3 December 1999. The storm had sustained winds of 146 km/h and wind gusts of up to 184 km/h, equivalent to an intense [[Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale|category 1 hurricane]], which is unusually strong for storms in northern Europe. The storm caused 20 fatalities;<ref name="Tatge" >{{cite web|last=Tatge|first=Yörn|title=Looking Back, Looking Forward: Anatol, Lothar and Martin Ten Years Later|url=http://www.air-worldwide.com/Publications/AIR-Currents/Looking-Back,-Looking-Forward--Anatol,-Lothar-and-Martin-Ten-Years-Later/|publisher=Air-Worldwide|access-date=30 May 2013}}</ref> in Denmark alone 7 died and more than 800 were injured.<ref name=DMI1999>{{cite web| title=Decemberorkanen 1999 | url=https://www.dmi.dk/vejr-og-atmosfare/temaforside-decemberorkanen-1999/ | date=25 June 2018 | publisher=[[Danish Meteorological Institute]] | access-date=18 October 2023 }}</ref> |
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According to the [[Danish Meteorological Institute]], the storm is estimated to have caused damage in Denmark of [[Danish krone|DKK]] 13 billion ({{circa}} US$2 billion).<ref name=DMI1999/> In addition to wind damage, it caused major floods in coastal regions of the southeastern [[North Sea]], reaching a high point of {{circa}} {{cvt|5.5|m}} above normal sea level in southwestern [[Jutland]], despite peaking during low tide. This is the second-highest ever recorded in the region (after the [[Burchardi flood]] of 1634) and had it peaked during high tide instead, it would likely have reached {{cvt|6.5-7|m}}, which by far would have been the highest ever recorded and near the top of the dikes protecting the town of [[Ribe]].<ref>{{cite web| title=De 5 største stormfloder i Vadehavet | url=https://naturstyrelsen.dk/naturoplevelser/naturguider/vadehavet/stormfloderne/ | publisher=Naturstyrelsen (Denmark's Ministry of Environment) | access-date=18 October 2023 }}</ref> |
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According to the [[Danish Meteorological Institute]], the storm is estimated to have caused damage in Denmark of [[Danish krone|DKK]] 15 billion, or about [[United States dollar|USD]] 3 billion. Storms causing damage of this magnitude are only expected every 500 years in Denmark. |
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The storm is referred to as an "''orkan''" in [[Scandinavia]] and Germany, which is translated as hurricane in those languages. However unlike the English term [[hurricane]] that only refers to Tropical Cyclones in the Atlantic, the term "''orkan''", is used for any storm that reaches 12 on the [[Beaufort scale]].<ref>{{cite web| title=Orkaner | url=https://www.dmi.dk/vejr-og-atmosfare/temaforside-vind/orkaner/ | date=8 January 2019 | publisher=[[Danish Meteorological Institute]] | access-date=18 October 2023 }}</ref> Cyclone Anatol was a [[European windstorm]]. |
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The storm is referred to as a [[hurricane]] in [[Scandinavia]] and Germany even if it was, in fact, a [[European windstorm]]. |
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==Meteorological history== |
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A disturbance in the atmospheric circulation had began moving towards Europe. During the early evening of 2 December 1999, a closed cyclonic circulation was observed off the west coast of [[Ireland]]. The next day, a ship reported a pressure of 990 hPa near the [[British Isles]]. Anatol reached its lowest pressure at 953 hPa near [[Jutland]] on December 3. |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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*[[Cyclone Lothar]] |
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* The 2005 storm [[Erwin (storm)|Erwin]] |
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*[[Cyclone Martin (1999)]] |
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* The 2007 storm [[Per (storm)|Per]] |
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*[[ |
* [[Storm Lothar]] |
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== Sources == |
== Sources == |
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* [http://www.uni-koeln.de/math-nat-fak/geomet/meteo/forschung/abstracts/ulbrich/3storms/ Three extreme storms over Europe in December 1999] U. Ulbrich, A. H. Fink, M. Klawa and J. G. Pinto. Institut für Geophysik und Meteorologie der [[University of Cologne|Universität zu Köln]]. |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050323162702/http://www.uni-koeln.de/math-nat-fak/geomet/meteo/forschung/abstracts/ulbrich/3storms/ Three extreme storms over Europe in December 1999] U. Ulbrich, A. H. Fink, M. Klawa and J. G. Pinto. Institut für Geophysik und Meteorologie der [[University of Cologne|Universität zu Köln]]. |
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* [http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/index/viden/temaer/orkaner_-_vejrgudernes__hvirvlende_dans/orkaner6.htm Windstorms in Denmark] - from DMI (in Danish) |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051101012932/http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/index/viden/temaer/orkaner_-_vejrgudernes__hvirvlende_dans/orkaner6.htm Windstorms in Denmark] - from DMI (in Danish) |
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{{commons category|Winter storm Anatol}} |
{{commons category|Winter storm Anatol}} |
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==References== |
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| ⚫ | |||
{{Reflist}} |
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{{European windstorms}} |
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| ⚫ | |||
[[Category:1999 meteorology]] |
[[Category:1999 meteorology]] |
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[[Category:1999 in Denmark]] |
[[Category:1999 in Denmark]] |
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[[Category:1999 in Sweden]] |
[[Category:1999 in Sweden]] |
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[[Category:1999 in Germany]] |
[[Category:1999 in Germany]] |
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[[Category:Weather events in Denmark|Anatol]] |
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[[Category:December 1999 events in Europe]] |
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[[Category:1999 disasters in Europe]] |
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{{denmark-hist-stub}} |
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[[Category:1999 disasters in Denmark]] |
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{{Europe-hist-stub}} |
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{{weather-stub}} |
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[[da:Decemberorkanen]] |
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[[de:Orkan Anatol]] |
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[[fr:Tempête Anatol]] |
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[[it:Tempesta Anatol]] |
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[[sv:Orkanen Carola]] |
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Latest revision as of 17:05, 19 December 2024
Anatol is the name given by the Free University of Berlin (the Danish TV2 channel named it "Adam"[1] also often referred to as århundredets orkan (storm of the century) or Decemberorkanen (December Storm) in Denmark, and commonly as Carolastormen or Orkan Carola (Storm Carol) in Sweden) to a powerful winter storm that hit Denmark, Southwest Sweden, and Northern Germany on 3 December 1999. The storm had sustained winds of 146 km/h and wind gusts of up to 184 km/h, equivalent to an intense category 1 hurricane, which is unusually strong for storms in northern Europe. The storm caused 20 fatalities;[2] in Denmark alone 7 died and more than 800 were injured.[3]
According to the Danish Meteorological Institute, the storm is estimated to have caused damage in Denmark of DKK 13 billion (c. US$2 billion).[3] In addition to wind damage, it caused major floods in coastal regions of the southeastern North Sea, reaching a high point of c. 5.5 m (18 ft) above normal sea level in southwestern Jutland, despite peaking during low tide. This is the second-highest ever recorded in the region (after the Burchardi flood of 1634) and had it peaked during high tide instead, it would likely have reached 6.5–7 m (21–23 ft), which by far would have been the highest ever recorded and near the top of the dikes protecting the town of Ribe.[4]
The storm is referred to as an "orkan" in Scandinavia and Germany, which is translated as hurricane in those languages. However unlike the English term hurricane that only refers to Tropical Cyclones in the Atlantic, the term "orkan", is used for any storm that reaches 12 on the Beaufort scale.[5] Cyclone Anatol was a European windstorm.
See also
[edit]Sources
[edit]- Three extreme storms over Europe in December 1999 U. Ulbrich, A. H. Fink, M. Klawa and J. G. Pinto. Institut für Geophysik und Meteorologie der Universität zu Köln.
- Windstorms in Denmark - from DMI (in Danish)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Winter storm Anatol.
References
[edit]- ^ Cappelen, John. "Orkaner på vore breddegrader (hurricanes at our latitude)" (in Danish). Danish Meteorological Institute. Archived from the original on 4 February 2012. Retrieved 15 December 2011.
- ^ Tatge, Yörn. "Looking Back, Looking Forward: Anatol, Lothar and Martin Ten Years Later". Air-Worldwide. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
- ^ a b "Decemberorkanen 1999". Danish Meteorological Institute. 25 June 2018. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
- ^ "De 5 største stormfloder i Vadehavet". Naturstyrelsen (Denmark's Ministry of Environment). Retrieved 18 October 2023.
- ^ "Orkaner". Danish Meteorological Institute. 8 January 2019. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
