Prime Minister of Iran: Difference between revisions

Prime Minister of Iran
Prime Minister of Iran
نخست‌وزیر ایران
	Emblem of Iran; (1980–1989)
	Last Prime Minister; Mir-Hossein Mousavi; 29 October 1981 – 16 August 1989
Type	Head of government
Status	Office abolished
Member of	Cabinet of Iran; Supreme National Security Council
Residence	Palace Abyaz ; Palace Prime Minister
Nominator	Parliament; President (1980–1989)
Appointer	Shah (1906–1979); Parliament (1980–1989)
Precursor	Grand Vizier of Persia
Formation	30 December 1906
First holder	Mirza Ali Asghar Khan
Final holder	Mir-Hossein Mousavi
Abolished	3 August 1989
Succession	President of Iran (as head of government)

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The prime minister of Iran was a political post that had existed in Iran (Persia) during much of the 20th century. It began in 1906 during the Qajar dynasty and into the start of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1923 and into the 1979 Iranian Revolution before being abolished in 1989.

History of the office

Qajar era

In the Qajar era, prime ministers were known by different titles. The post itself was mainly known as ataabak or ataabak-e a'zam (grand ataabak), or sometimes sadr-e a'zam (premier) at the beginning, but became ra'is ol-vozaraa (head of ministers) at the end. The title of nakhost vazir (prime minister) was rarely used. The prime minister was usually called by the honorific title hazrat-e ashraf. Reza Khan Sardar Sepah became the last prime minister of the Qajar dynasty in 1923.

For a list of Iranian 'prime ministers' prior to 1907 see List of grand viziers of Persia.

Pahlavi era

In 1925, Reza Shah became the Shah of Iran. He installed Mohammad Ali Foroughi as the prime minister.^[1] In 1941 his son Mohammad Reza Pahlavi became Shah. He installed Mohammad-Ali Foroughi as the prime minister too. In 1951, Mohammad Mosaddegh became Prime Minister but was overthrown in a counter-coup d'état in 1953. Amir-Abbas Hoveyda became Prime minister of Iran in 1965 and remained in office until 1977. Shapour Bakhtiar was the last Prime Minister of the Pahlavi era.

Islamic Republic of Iran

After the Iranian Revolution of 1979, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini installed Mehdi Bazargan as the Prime Minister of an interim government, which served until November 1979. The government resigned during the Iran hostage crisis, but mentioned that it has not been the sole reason, and the decision for mass resignation had been reached one day before the invasion of the United States embassy by the Iranian students.

The post was left empty until Abolhassan Banisadr became president in January 1980 and chose Mohammad-Ali Rajai as his prime minister, mainly because of pressures imposed by Majlis representatives, especially those close to the Islamic Republic Party. Rajai served in the post until Banisadr's impeachment in June 1981, and was elected as president in the elections of July 24, 1981. Rajai chose Mohammad Javad Bahonar as his prime minister, but they were assassinated together in the Prime Minister's office only a few weeks later on August 30, 1981.

When Ali Khamenei became president in the elections of October 1981, he first introduced right-leaning Ali Akbar Velayati to the Majlis as his prime minister, but he was voted down by the then left-leaning majority of the parliament, which then forced their preferred prime minister to Khamenei, namely Mir-Hossein Mousavi. The dispute finally ended following intervention by the Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Khomeini, who advised the president to accept Mousavi.

Mousavi served under the title until 1989, when the constitution was amended to abolish the title of Prime Minister and divide his responsibilities between the president and a newly created title of first Vice President.

References

^ Gholam Reza Afkhami (27 October 2008). The Life and Times of the Shah. University of California Press. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-520-25328-5. Retrieved 4 November 2012.

Sources

For a full list of Viziers of Iran in the last 2000 years, see: "Iranian Viziers: From Bozorgmehr to Amir Kabir" (وزیران ایرانی از بزرگمهر تا امیر کبیر) by Abdolrafi' Haqiqat (عبدالرفیع حقیقت). Perry–Castañeda Library collection DS 271 F34 1995
Mohammad Taghi Bahar, Taarikh-e Mokhtasar-e Ahzaab-e Siaasi-e Iraan (A Short History of Political Parties of Iran), Amirkabir, 1978.
Encyclopædia Iranica's entries on "Ala-al-Saltana, Mohammad-Ali" and "Akbar Sepahdar-e Azam, Fathallah"
various articles in The Persian Encyclopedia
'Alí Rizā Awsatí (عليرضا اوسطى), Iran in the Past Three Centuries (Irān dar Se Qarn-e Goz̲ashteh - ايران در سه قرن گذشته), Volumes 1 and 2 (Paktāb Publishing - انتشارات پاکتاب, Tehran, Iran, 2003). ISBN 964-93406-6-1 (Vol. 1), ISBN 964-93406-5-3 (Vol. 2).

Head of government of Iran
Preceded by Grand Vizier of Iran	Prime Minister of Iran 1906–1989	Succeeded by President of Iran

[Afkhami2008-1] Gholam Reza Afkhami (27 October 2008). The Life and Times of the Shah. University of California Press. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-520-25328-5. Retrieved 4 November 2012.

[1]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Short description|Former political post in Iran}}
 {{Infobox official post
-| post                    = Prime Minister
+| post = Prime Minister
-| body                    = Iran
+| body = Iran
-| native_name             = {{Script|fa-Arab|نخست‌وزیر ایران}}
+| native_name = {{Script|fa-Arab|نخست‌وزیر ایران}}
-| insignia                = Emblem of Iran.svg
+| insignia = Emblem of Iran.svg
-| insigniasize            =
+| insigniasize =
-| insigniacaption         = [[Emblem of Iran|Official standard]]<br />(1979–1989)
+| insigniacaption = [[Emblem of Iran]]<br />(1980–1989)
-| insigniaalt             =
+| insigniaalt =
-| flag                    =
+| flag =
-| flagsize                =
+| flagsize =
-| flagalt                 =
+| flagalt =
-| flagborder              =
+| flagborder =
-| flagcaption             =
+| flagcaption =
-| image                   =
+| image = Mir-Hossein Mousavi in 1981.jpg
-| imagesize               =
+| imagesize =
-| alt                     =
+| alt =
+| imagecaption = '''Last Prime Minister<br>[[Mir-Hossein Mousavi]]'''<br>{{start and end dates|1981|10|29|1989|08|16|df=y}}
-| imagecaption            =
-| incumbent               =
+| incumbent =
-| acting                  =
+| acting =
-| incumbentsince          =
+| incumbentsince =
-| department              =
+| department =
-| style                   =
+| style =
-| type                    = [[Head of Government]]
+| type = [[Head of government]]
-| status                  = '''Office abolished'''
+| status = '''Office abolished'''
-| abbreviation            =
+| abbreviation =
-| member_of               = [[Cabinet of Iran]]<br/>[[Supreme National Security Council]]
+| member_of = [[Cabinet of Iran]]<br/>[[Supreme National Security Council]]
-| reports_to              =
+| reports_to =
-| residence               = [[Marble Palace (Tehran)|Marble Palace]]
+| residence = [[Museum of Anthropology Tehran|Palace Abyaz]] <br> [[Presidential Administration of Iran|Palace Prime Minister]]
-| seat                    =
+| seat =
-| nominator               = The [[Parliament of Iran|Parliament]]
+| nominator = [[Parliament of Iran|Parliament]]<br>[[President of Iran|President]] (1980–1989)
-| appointer               = The [[Shah of Iran|Shah]] (until 1979) <br> The [[Supreme Leader of Iran|Supreme Leader]] (1979-1989)
+| appointer = [[Shah of Iran|Shah]] (1906–1979)<br>Parliament (1980–1989)
-| appointer_qualified     =
+| appointer_qualified =
-| termlength              =
+| termlength =
-| termlength_qualified    =
+| termlength_qualified =
 | constituting_instrument =
-| precursor               = [[List of Grand Viziers of Persia|Grand Vizier of Persia]]
+| precursor = [[List of grand viziers of Persia|Grand Vizier of Persia]]
-| formation               = 1 August 1906
+| formation = 30 December 1906
-| first                   = [[Mirza Nasrullah Khan]]
+| first = [[Mirza Ali Asghar Khan]]
-| last                    = [[Mir-Hossein Mousavi]]
+| last = [[Mir-Hossein Mousavi]]
-| abolished               = 3 August 1989
+| abolished = 3 August 1989
-| succession              = [[President of Iran]]<br />[[Vice President of Iran]]
+| succession = [[President of Iran]] (as [[head of government]])
-| unofficial_names        =
+| unofficial_names =
-| deputy                  =
+| deputy =
-| salary                  =
+| salary =
-| website                 =
+| website =
-| footnotes               =
+| footnotes =
 }}
 {{politics of Iran}}
+{{for|a list of officeholders|List of prime ministers of Iran}}
-The '''Prime Minister of Iran''' was a political post in [[Iran]] ([[Name of Iran|Persia]]) that had existed during several different periods of time starting with the [[Qajar dynasty|Qajar]] era until the end of the [[Pahlavi dynasty]]. It was also in existence from 1979 to 1989 following the [[Iranian Revolution]], but was abolished in 1989.
+The '''prime minister of Iran''' was a political post that had existed in [[Iran]] ([[Name of Iran|Persia]]) during much of the 20th century. It began in 1906 during the [[Qajar dynasty]] and into the start of the [[Pahlavi dynasty]] in 1923 and into the 1979 [[Iranian Revolution]] before being abolished in 1989.
 ==History of the office==
 ===Qajar era===
+{{Main|Qajar Iran}}
 In the Qajar era, prime ministers were known by different titles. The post itself was mainly known as ''ataabak'' or ''ataabak-e a'zam'' (grand ''ataabak''), or sometimes ''sadr-e a'zam'' (premier) at the beginning, but became ''ra'is ol-vozaraa'' (head of ministers) at the end. The title of ''nakhost vazir'' (prime minister) was rarely used. The prime minister was usually called by the honorific title ''hazrat-e ashraf''. [[Reza Shah|Reza Khan Sardar Sepah]] became the last prime minister of the Qajar dynasty in 1923.
-For a list of Iranian 'prime ministers' prior to 1907 see [[List of Grand Viziers of Persia]].
+For a list of Iranian 'prime ministers' prior to 1907 see [[List of grand viziers of Persia]].
 ===Pahlavi era===
+{{Main|Pahlavi Iran}}
-In 1925, [[Reza Shah]] became Shah of Iran. He installed [[Mohammad-Ali Foroughi]] as the prime minister.<ref name="Afkhami2008">{{cite book|author=Gholam Reza Afkhami|title=The Life and Times of the Shah|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pTVSPmyvtkAC&pg=PP2|access-date=4 November 2012|date=27 October 2008|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-25328-5|pages=35}}</ref> In 1941 his son [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] became Shah. He installed Mohammad-Ali Foroughi as the prime minister too. In 1951, [[Mohammed Mosaddeq]] became Prime Minister but was overthrown in a [[1953 Iranian coup d'état|counter coup d'état in 1953]]. [[Amir-Abbas Hoveyda]] became Prime minister of Iran in 1965 and remained in office until 1977. [[Shapour Bakhtiar]] was the last prime minister of Pahlavi era.
+In 1925, [[Reza Shah]] became the Shah of Iran. He installed [[Mohammad Ali Foroughi]] as the prime minister.<ref name="Afkhami2008">{{cite book|author=Gholam Reza Afkhami|title=The Life and Times of the Shah|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pTVSPmyvtkAC&pg=PP2|access-date=4 November 2012|date=27 October 2008|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-25328-5|pages=35}}</ref> In 1941 his son [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] became Shah. He installed Mohammad-Ali Foroughi as the prime minister too. In 1951, [[Mohammad Mosaddegh]] became Prime Minister but was overthrown in a [[1953 Iranian coup d'état|counter-coup d'état in 1953]]. [[Amir-Abbas Hoveyda]] became Prime minister of Iran in 1965 and remained in office until 1977. [[Shapour Bakhtiar]] was the last Prime Minister of the Pahlavi era.
 ===Islamic Republic of Iran===
-After the [[Iranian Revolution]] of 1979, [[Ayatollah Khomeini]] installed [[Mehdi Bazargan]] as the Prime Minister of an [[Interim government of Iran, 1979|interim government]], which served until November 1979. The government resigned during the [[Iran hostage crisis]], but mentioned that it has not been the sole reason, and the decision for mass resignation had been reached one day before the invasion of the [[United States]] embassy by the Iranian students.
+After the [[Iranian Revolution]] of 1979, Ayatollah [[Ruhollah Khomeini]] installed [[Mehdi Bazargan]] as the Prime Minister of an [[Interim Government of Iran|interim government]], which served until November 1979. The government resigned during the [[Iran hostage crisis]], but mentioned that it has not been the sole reason, and the decision for mass resignation had been reached one day before the invasion of the [[United States]] embassy by the Iranian students.
-The post was left empty until [[Abolhassan Banisadr]] became president in January 1980 and chose [[Mohammad Ali Rajai]] as his prime minister, mainly because of pressures imposed by [[Majlis of Iran|Majlis]] representatives, especially those close to [[Islamic Republic Party]]. Rajai served in the post until Banisadr's impeachment in June, 1981, and was elected as president in the elections of July 24, 1981.
-Rajai chose [[Mohammad Javad Bahonar]] as his prime minister, but they were assassinated together in Prime Minister's office only a few weeks later, on August 30, 1981.
-When [[Ali Khamenei]] became president in the elections of October, 1981, he first introduced right-leaning [[Ali Akbar Velayati]] to the Majlis as his prime minister, but he was voted down by the then left-leaning majority of the parliament, which then forced their own preferred prime minister to Khamenei, namely [[Mir-Hossein Mousavi]]. The dispute was finally ended by interference of the Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Khomeini, who advised the president to accept Mousavi.
+The post was left empty until [[Abolhassan Banisadr]] became president in January 1980 and chose [[Mohammad-Ali Rajai]] as his prime minister, mainly because of pressures imposed by [[Majlis of Iran|Majlis]] representatives, especially those close to the [[Islamic Republic Party]]. Rajai served in the post until Banisadr's impeachment in June 1981, and was elected as president in the elections of July 24, 1981. Rajai chose [[Mohammad Javad Bahonar]] as his prime minister, but they were assassinated together in the Prime Minister's office only a few weeks later on August 30, 1981.
-Mousavi served under the title until 1989, when the [[Constitution of Islamic Republic of Iran|constitution]] was [[1989 Iranian constitutional referendum|amended]] to abolish the title of Prime Minister and divide his responsibilities between the president and a newly created title of [[Vice President of Iran|First Vice President]].
+When [[Ali Khamenei]] became president in the elections of October 1981, he first introduced right-leaning [[Ali Akbar Velayati]] to the Majlis as his prime minister, but he was voted down by the then left-leaning majority of the parliament, which then forced their preferred prime minister to Khamenei, namely [[Mir-Hossein Mousavi]]. The dispute finally ended following intervention by the Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Khomeini, who advised the president to accept Mousavi.
-==List of prime ministers==
-{{main|List of prime ministers of Iran}}
+Mousavi served under the title until 1989, when the [[Constitution of Islamic Republic of Iran|constitution]] was [[1989 Iranian constitutional referendum|amended]] to abolish the title of Prime Minister and divide his responsibilities between the president and a newly created title of [[Vice President of Iran|first Vice President]].
-==Living former prime ministers==
-{| class="wikitable"
-!Name!!Picture!!Term!!Date of birth
-|-
-|[[Mir-Hossein Mousavi]]
-|[[File:Mir Hossein Mousavi in Zanjan by Mardetanha1(Cropped).jpg|80px]]
-|1981&ndash;1989
-|{{birth date and age|1942|3|2|df=y}}
-|}
 ==See also==
-*[[List of Grand Viziers of Persia]]
+* [[List of grand viziers of Persia]]
-*[[History of Iran]]
+* [[History of Iran]]
 ==References==
@@ Line 92: / Line 81: @@
 ==Sources==
-*For a full list of Viziers of Iran in the last 2000 years, see: "Iranian Viziers: From Bozorgmehr to Amir Kabir" (وزیران ایرانی از بزرگمهر تا امیر کبیر) by Abdolrafi' Haqiqat (عبدالرفیع حقیقت). [[Perry–Castañeda Library]] collection DS 271 F34 1995
+* For a full list of Viziers of Iran in the last 2000 years, see: "Iranian Viziers: From Bozorgmehr to Amir Kabir" (وزیران ایرانی از بزرگمهر تا امیر کبیر) by Abdolrafi' Haqiqat (عبدالرفیع حقیقت). [[Perry–Castañeda Library]] collection DS 271 F34 1995
 * [[Mohammad Taghi Bahar]], ''Taarikh-e Mokhtasar-e Ahzaab-e Siaasi-e Iraan'' (A Short History of Political Parties of Iran), [[Amirkabir (publisher)|Amirkabir]], 1978.
 * [[Encyclopædia Iranica]]'s entries on "Ala-al-Saltana, Mohammad-Ali" and "Akbar Sepahdar-e Azam, Fathallah"
 * various articles in [[The Persian Encyclopedia]]
-*'Alí Rizā Awsatí (عليرضا اوسطى), ''Iran in the Past Three Centuries'' (''Irān dar Se Qarn-e Goz̲ashteh'' - ايران در سه قرن گذشته), Volumes 1 and 2 (Paktāb Publishing - انتشارات پاکتاب, Tehran, Iran, 2003). {{ISBN|964-93406-6-1}} (Vol. 1), {{ISBN|964-93406-5-3}} (Vol. 2).
+* 'Alí Rizā Awsatí (عليرضا اوسطى), ''Iran in the Past Three Centuries'' (''Irān dar Se Qarn-e Goz̲ashteh'' - ايران در سه قرن گذشته), Volumes 1 and 2 (Paktāb Publishing - انتشارات پاکتاب, Tehran, Iran, 2003). {{ISBN|964-93406-6-1}} (Vol. 1), {{ISBN|964-93406-5-3}} (Vol. 2).
 {{s-start}}
 {{s-other|[[Head of government]] of [[Iran]]}}
-{{s-bef|before=[[List of Premiers of Iran (1699–1907)|Premier of Iran]]}}
+{{s-bef|before=[[List of grand viziers of Persia|Grand Vizier of Iran]]}}
 {{s-ttl|title=Prime Minister of Iran|years=1906–1989}}
 {{s-aft|after=[[President of Iran]]}}
@@ Line 109: / Line 98: @@
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Prime Minister Of Iran}}
 [[Category:Government of Iran]]
-[[Category:Prime Ministers of Iran|*]]
+[[Category:Prime ministers of Iran|*]]

v t e Prime ministers of Iran (list)
Qajar Iran (1907–1925)	Afkham* Atabak Moshir al-Saltaneh Naser ol-Molk Nezam as-Saltaneh Moshir al-Saltaneh Sa'd al-Dowleh* Tonekaboni Mostowfi Tonekaboni Samsam al-Saltaneh Ala ol-Saltaneh Mostowfi Pirnia Eyn-ed-Dowleh Mostowfi Farman Farma Tonekaboni Vosugh Ala ol-Saltaneh Eyn-ed-Dowleh Mostowfi Samsam al-Saltaneh Vosugh Pirnia Fathollah Khan Akbar Tabatabaee Qavam Pirnia Qavam Mostowfi Pirnia Reza Khan
Pahlavi Iran (1925–1979)	Foroughi* Mostowfi Hedayat Foroughi Djam Matin-Daftari A. Mansur Foroughi Soheili Qavam Soheili Sa'ed Bayat Hakimi Sadr Hakimi Qavam Hekmat Hakimi Hazhir Sa'ed A. Mansur Razmara Fahimi* Ala' Mosaddegh Qavam Mosaddegh Zahedi Ala' Eghbal Sharif-Emami Amini Alam H. Mansur Hoveyda Amouzegar Sharif-Emami Azhari Bakhtiar
Interim Government of Iran (1979)	Bazargan
Islamic Republic of Iran (since 1979)	Rajai Bahonar Mahdavi Kani Mousavi Post abolished in 1989
*Acting