Jump to content

Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 49°17′43″N 123°01′35″W / 49.295296°N 123.026276°W / 49.295296; -123.026276
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
m v2.05b - Bot T20 CW#61 - Fix errors for CW project (Reference before punctuation)
fix list formatting; remove WP:UGC
 
(38 intermediate revisions by 13 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Steel-truss bridge across Burrard Inlet in British Columbia, Canada}}
{{Short description|Steel-truss bridge across Burrard Inlet in British Columbia, Canada}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox Bridge
{{Infobox Bridge
|bridge_name = Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Bridge
|bridge_name = Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Bridge
|official_name = Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing
|official_name = Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing
|image = Ironworkers_Memorial_Bridge_Vancouver_BC.jpg
|image = Ironworkers Memorial Bridge Vancouver BC.jpg
|carries = Six lanes of [[British Columbia Highway 1]], pedestrians and bicycles
|carries = Six lanes of [[British Columbia Highway 1]], pedestrians and bicycles
|crosses = [[Burrard Inlet]]
|crosses = [[Burrard Inlet]]
|locale = [[Vancouver]]<br>[[North Vancouver, British Columbia (district municipality)|District of North Vancouver]]
|locale = {{plainlist|
* [[Vancouver]]
* [[North Vancouver, British Columbia (district municipality)|District of North Vancouver]]
}}
|maint = British Columbia Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure
|owner = British Columbia Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure
|design = [[Truss bridge|Truss]]/[[cantilever bridge]]
|design = [[Truss bridge|Truss]]/[[cantilever bridge]]
|designer = Swan, Wooster and Partners
|designer = Swan, Wooster and Partners
Line 15: Line 18:
|length = {{convert|1292|m}}<ref name="structurae" />
|length = {{convert|1292|m}}<ref name="structurae" />
|begin = 1957
|begin = 1957
|builder=[[Kiewit_Corporation|Peter Kiewet and Sons]], Raymond International,<ref>{{cite report
|builder=[[Kiewit_Corporation|Peter Kiewet and Sons]], Raymond International,<ref>{{cite report |url=https://open.library.ubc.ca/viewer/bcsessional/1.0349122#p83z-2r360f |title=Minister of Highways Report for the Fiscal Year 1955/56 |last=British Columbia Department of Highways |date=1957 |publisher=Government of British Columbia |id= J110.L5 S7; 1957_V02_08_N1_N212 |doi= 10.14288/1.0349122 |page=84 |access-date= September 27, 2022 |location=Victoria |language=EN}}
</ref> and [[Dominion Bridge Company]]<ref>{{cite report |url=https://open.library.ubc.ca/viewer/bcsessional/1.0354204#p95z-2r0f |title=Minister of Highways Report for the Fiscal Year 1956/57 |last=British Columbia Department of Highways |date=1958 |publisher=Government of British Columbia |id=J110.L5 S7; 1958_V02_04_J1_J243 |doi= 10.14288/1.0354204 |page=96 |access-date= |location=Victoria |language=EN}}
|url=https://open.library.ubc.ca/viewer/bcsessional/1.0349122#p83z-2r360f
|title=Minister of Highways Report for the Fiscal Year 1955/56
|last=British Columbia Department of Highways
|date=1957
|publisher=Government of British Columbia
|id=
J110.L5 S7; 1957_V02_08_N1_N212
|doi=
10.14288/1.0349122
|page=84
|access-date= 27 September 2022
|location=Victoria
|language=EN}}
</ref> and [[Dominion Bridge Company]]<ref>{{cite report
|url=https://open.library.ubc.ca/viewer/bcsessional/1.0354204#p95z-2r0f
|title=Minister of Highways Report for the Fiscal Year 1956/57
|last=British Columbia Department of Highways
|date=1958
|publisher=Government of British Columbia
|id=J110.L5 S7; 1958_V02_04_J1_J243
|doi=
10.14288/1.0354204
|page=96
|access-date=
|location=Victoria
|language=EN}}
</ref>
</ref>

|open = August 25, 1960
|open = August 25, 1960
|coordinates = {{coord|49.295296|N|123.026276|W|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates = {{coord|49.295296|N|123.026276|W|display=inline,title}}
|traffic = 121,778 (2021)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tradas.th.gov.bc.ca/reports/AllYears/2021/09/MV02/MV01P_Second%20Narrows%20P-15-2EW%20-%20NY9-2021.pdf|title=Monthly Volume Calendar - Second Narrows P-15-2EW - NY |date=October 13, 2021|access-date=February 28, 2022 |publisher=British Columbia Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure}}</ref>
|traffic = 121,778 (2021)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tradas.th.gov.bc.ca/reports/AllYears/2021/09/MV02/MV01P_Second%20Narrows%20P-15-2EW%20-%20NY9-2021.pdf |title=Monthly Volume Calendar – Second Narrows P-15-2EW – NY |date=October 13, 2021|access-date=February 28, 2022 |publisher=British Columbia Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure}}</ref>
}}
}}


The '''Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing''', also called the '''Ironworkers Memorial Bridge''' and '''Second Narrows Bridge''', is the second bridge constructed at the Second (east) Narrows of [[Burrard Inlet]] in [[Vancouver|Vancouver, British Columbia]], Canada. Originally named the Second Narrows Bridge, it connects Vancouver to the [[North Shore (Greater Vancouver)|North Shore]] of Burrard Inlet, which includes the [[North Vancouver, British Columbia (district municipality)|District of North Vancouver]], the [[North Vancouver, British Columbia (city)|City of North Vancouver]], and [[West Vancouver]]. It was constructed adjacent to the older [[Second Narrows Bridge]], which is now exclusively a rail bridge. Its construction, from 1956 to 1960, was marred by a multi-death collapse on June 17, 1958. The First Narrows Bridge, better known as [[Lions Gate Bridge]], crosses Burrard Inlet about {{convert|8|km}} west of the Second Narrows.
The '''Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing''', also called the '''Ironworkers Memorial Bridge''' and '''Second Narrows Bridge''', is the second bridge constructed at the Second (east) Narrows of [[Burrard Inlet]] in [[Vancouver]], British Columbia, Canada. Originally named the Second Narrows Bridge, it connects Vancouver to the [[North Shore (Greater Vancouver)|North Shore]] of Burrard Inlet, which includes the [[North Vancouver, British Columbia (district municipality)|District of North Vancouver]], the [[North Vancouver, British Columbia (city)|City of North Vancouver]], and [[West Vancouver]]. It was constructed adjacent to the older [[Second Narrows Bridge]], which is now exclusively a rail bridge. Its construction, from 1956 to 1960, was marred by a multi-death collapse on June 17, 1958. The First Narrows Bridge, better known as [[Lions Gate Bridge]], crosses Burrard Inlet about {{convert|8|km}} west of the Second Narrows.


The bridge is a steel truss [[cantilever bridge]], designed by Swan Wooster Engineering Co. Ltd. Construction began in November 1957, and the bridge was officially opened on August 25, 1960. It cost approximately $15 million to build. [[Toll bridge|Tolls]] were charged until April 1, 1963.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Staff Writer |title=Bridge Traffic Goes Smoothly, Because it's Free, Free, Free |url=https://www.proquest.com/hnpvancouversun/docview/2240453491/A55906562A8A4BA1PQ/2? |access-date=2 October 2022 |work=Vancouver Sun |date=1 April 1963 |page=1}}</ref>
The bridge is a steel truss [[cantilever bridge]], designed by Swan Wooster Engineering Co. Ltd. Construction began in November 1957, and the bridge was officially opened on August 25, 1960. It cost approximately $23 million to build.<ref>{{cite news |date=August 26, 1960 |title=New bridge open amid subdued air |page=1 |work=The Province |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/114133940/new-bridge-open-amid-subdued-air/ |via=Newspapers.com |accessdate=December 5, 2022}}</ref> [[Toll bridge|Tolls]] were charged until April 1, 1963.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Staff Writer |title=Bridge Traffic Goes Smoothly, Because it's Free, Free, Free |url=https://www.proquest.com/hnpvancouversun/docview/2240453491/A55906562A8A4BA1PQ/2? |access-date=October 2, 2022 |work=Vancouver Sun |date=April 1, 1963 |page=1}}</ref>


The bridge is {{convert|1292|m}} long with a centre span of {{convert|335|m}}. It is part of the [[Trans-Canada Highway]] ([[British Columbia Highway 1|Highway 1]]).
The bridge is {{convert|1292|m}} long with a centre span of {{convert|335|m}}. It is part of the [[Trans-Canada Highway]] ([[British Columbia Highway 1|Highway 1]]).


==Collapse==
==Collapse==
{{multiple image
⚫
[[File:Second Narrows Bridge (Vancouver).jpg|thumb|left|Collapsed spans, August 1958]]
|total_width = 250
⚫
On June 17, 1958, as a crane stretched from the north side of the new bridge to join the two chords of the unfinished arch, several spans collapsed. Seventy-nine workers plunged {{convert|30|m}} into the water. Eighteen were killed either instantly or shortly thereafter, possibly drowned by their heavy tool belts. A diver searching for bodies drowned later, bringing the total fatalities for the collapse to nineteen. In a subsequent Royal Commission inquiry, the bridge collapse was attributed to miscalculation by bridge engineers. A temporary arm, holding the fifth anchor span, was deemed too light to bear the weight.<ref>{{cite news|first=Keith |last=Lowe |url=http://www.nsnews.com/issues00/w062600/06210001.html |title=Bridge disaster recalled |publisher=North Shore News |date=June 26, 2000 |access-date=February 4, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051215112137/http://www.nsnews.com/issues00/w062600/06210001.html |archive-date=December 15, 2005 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|align = left
|direction = vertical
|image1 = 2nd-narrows-bridge-2.jpg
|caption1 = Under construction in June 1958, prior to collapse
⚫
|image2 = Second Narrows Bridge (Vancouver).jpg
|caption2 = Collapsed spans in August 1958
}}

⚫
On June 17, 1958, as a crane stretched from the north side of the new bridge to join the two chords of the unfinished arch, several spans collapsed. Seventy-nine workers plunged {{convert|30|m}} into the water. Eighteen were killed either instantly or shortly thereafter, possibly drowned by their heavy tool belts. A diver searching for bodies drowned later, bringing the total fatalities for the collapse to nineteen. In a subsequent Royal Commission inquiry, the bridge collapse was attributed to miscalculation by bridge engineers. A temporary support, holding the fifth anchor span, was deemed insufficient to bear the weight.<ref>{{cite news |first=Keith |last=Lowe |url=http://www.nsnews.com/issues00/w062600/06210001.html |title=Bridge disaster recalled |publisher=North Shore News |date=June 26, 2000 |access-date=February 4, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051215112137/http://www.nsnews.com/issues00/w062600/06210001.html |archive-date=December 15, 2005 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In December 1957, a safety inspector from the British Columbia Workmen's Compensation Board had reported that the installation of a safety net under the work platforms was "impracticable" following the death of another steelworker.<ref>{{cite news |date=December 11, 1957 |title=Nets under bridge 'impraticable' |page=12 |work=The Province |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/114133873/nets-under-bridge-impraticable/ |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |accessdate=December 5, 2022}}</ref>


==Renaming==
==Renaming==
The bridge was renamed the "Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing" in 1994 to honour the eighteen workers who died in the collapse, along with one rescue diver and four other workers who also died during the construction process.<ref name="WorkSafeBC1">{{cite web|url=http://www.worksafebc.com/news_room/news_releases/2008/new_08_06_17.asp|title=50th anniversary of Second Narrows Bridge collapse|date=June 17, 2008|publisher=WorkSafe BC|access-date=May 25, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100101222912/http://worksafebc.com/news_room/news_releases/2008/new_08_06_17.asp|archive-date=January 1, 2010}}</ref>
The bridge was renamed the "Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing" on June 17, 1994, to honour the eighteen workers who died in the collapse, along with one rescue diver and four other workers who also died during the construction process.<ref name="WorkSafeBC1">{{cite web |url=http://www.worksafebc.com/news_room/news_releases/2008/new_08_06_17.asp |title=50th anniversary of Second Narrows Bridge collapse |date=June 17, 2008 |publisher=WorkSafe BC|access-date=May 25, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100101222912/http://worksafebc.com/news_room/news_releases/2008/new_08_06_17.asp|archive-date=January 1, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=June 18, 1994 |title=Second Narrows Memorial |page=A3 |work=The Vancouver Sun |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/114133975/second-narrows-memorial/ |via=Newspapers.com |accessdate=December 5, 2022}}</ref>


==In popular culture==
==In popular culture==
{{unreferenced|section|date=May 2024}}
[[Stompin' Tom Connors]] paid a musical tribute to the fallen ironworkers with the song "The Bridge Came Tumbling Down" on his 1972 album ''My Stompin' Grounds''. (This tune also appears on several later compilations one of which was performed by [[Les Claypool's Duo de Twang]]). [[Jimmy Dean]]'s 1962 song "Steel Men" is a ballad about the Second Narrows bridge disaster. [[Gary Geddes]]' 2007 book of poetry, entitled ''Falsework,'' is based on the collapse of the bridge.
* [[Stompin' Tom Connors]] paid a musical tribute to the fallen ironworkers with the song "The Bridge Came Tumbling Down" on his 1972 album ''My Stompin' Grounds''. (This song also appears on several later compilations, one of which was performed by [[Les Claypool's Duo de Twang]]).
* [[Jimmy Dean]]'s 1962 song "Steel Men" is a ballad about the Second Narrows bridge disaster.
* [[Gary Geddes]]' 2007 book of poetry, entitled ''Falsework,'' is based on the collapse of the bridge.


==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
* Jamieson, Eric, ''Tragedy at Second Narrows: The Story of the Ironworkers Memorial Bridge'', Harbour Publishing, 2008.
* Jamieson, Eric, ''Tragedy at Second Narrows: The Story of the Ironworkers Memorial Bridge'', Harbour Publishing, 2008.
* Rasky, Frank, ''Great Canadian Disasters'', Longman, 1961. (chapter 10)


==Notes==
==Notes==
Line 80: Line 72:
== External links ==
== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.vancouverhistory.ca/archives_second_narrows.htm History of Metropolitan Vancouver]
*[http://www.vancouverhistory.ca/archives_second_narrows.htm History of Metropolitan Vancouver] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051029083618/http://www.vancouverhistory.ca/archives_second_narrows.htm |date=October 29, 2005 }}
*[http://maps.google.ca/maps?q=Vancouver,+BC&t=k&hl=en&ll=49.29636,-123.023744&spn=0.014357,0.044503&t=k Satellite image of the Ironworkers Memorial Bridge and Second Narrows Bridge]
*[http://maps.google.ca/maps?q=Vancouver,+BC&t=k&hl=en&ll=49.29636,-123.023744&spn=0.014357,0.044503&t=k Satellite image of the Ironworkers Memorial Bridge and Second Narrows Bridge]
*[https://www.gendisasters.com/british-columbia/5264/vancouver-bc-bridge-under-construction-collapses-june-1958 Vancouver, BC Bridge Under Construction Collapses, June 1958] at GenDisasters.com
*[https://www.gendisasters.com/british-columbia/5264/vancouver-bc-bridge-under-construction-collapses-june-1958 Vancouver, BC Bridge Under Construction Collapses, June 1958] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126083040/https://www.gendisasters.com/british-columbia/5264/vancouver-bc-bridge-under-construction-collapses-june-1958 |date=January 26, 2022 }} at GenDisasters.com
*[https://ascelibrary.org/doi/book/10.1061/9780784481035] "Collapse of the Second Narrows Bridge during Construction" - Journal article in American Society of Civil Engineers 2017


{{Bridges of Greater Vancouver}}
{{Bridges of Greater Vancouver}}
Line 99: Line 92:


[[Category:Bridges in Greater Vancouver]]
[[Category:Bridges in Greater Vancouver]]
[[Category:Cantilever bridges]]
[[Category:Cantilever bridges in Canada]]
[[Category:Bridges completed in 1960]]
[[Category:Bridges completed in 1960]]
[[Category:Transport in North Vancouver (district municipality)]]
[[Category:Transport in North Vancouver (district municipality)]]
Line 113: Line 106:
[[Category:Former toll bridges in Canada]]
[[Category:Former toll bridges in Canada]]
[[Category:1958 disasters in Canada]]
[[Category:1958 disasters in Canada]]
[[Category:1950s in Vancouver]]

Latest revision as of 21:16, 19 December 2024

Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Bridge
Coordinates49°17′43″N 123°01′35″W / 49.295296°N 123.026276°W / 49.295296; -123.026276
CarriesSix lanes of British Columbia Highway 1, pedestrians and bicycles
CrossesBurrard Inlet
Locale
Official nameIronworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing
OwnerBritish Columbia Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure
Characteristics
DesignTruss/cantilever bridge
MaterialSteel
Total length1,292 metres (4,239 ft)[1]
Longest span335 metres (1,099 ft)[1]
History
DesignerSwan, Wooster and Partners
Constructed byPeter Kiewet and Sons, Raymond International,[2] and Dominion Bridge Company[3]
Construction start1957
OpenedAugust 25, 1960
Statistics
Daily traffic121,778 (2021)[4]
Location
Map

The Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing, also called the Ironworkers Memorial Bridge and Second Narrows Bridge, is the second bridge constructed at the Second (east) Narrows of Burrard Inlet in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Originally named the Second Narrows Bridge, it connects Vancouver to the North Shore of Burrard Inlet, which includes the District of North Vancouver, the City of North Vancouver, and West Vancouver. It was constructed adjacent to the older Second Narrows Bridge, which is now exclusively a rail bridge. Its construction, from 1956 to 1960, was marred by a multi-death collapse on June 17, 1958. The First Narrows Bridge, better known as Lions Gate Bridge, crosses Burrard Inlet about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) west of the Second Narrows.

The bridge is a steel truss cantilever bridge, designed by Swan Wooster Engineering Co. Ltd. Construction began in November 1957, and the bridge was officially opened on August 25, 1960. It cost approximately $23 million to build.[5] Tolls were charged until April 1, 1963.[6]

The bridge is 1,292 metres (4,239 ft) long with a centre span of 335 metres (1,099 ft). It is part of the Trans-Canada Highway (Highway 1).

Collapse

[edit]
Under construction in June 1958, prior to collapse
Collapsed spans in August 1958

On June 17, 1958, as a crane stretched from the north side of the new bridge to join the two chords of the unfinished arch, several spans collapsed. Seventy-nine workers plunged 30 metres (98 ft) into the water. Eighteen were killed either instantly or shortly thereafter, possibly drowned by their heavy tool belts. A diver searching for bodies drowned later, bringing the total fatalities for the collapse to nineteen. In a subsequent Royal Commission inquiry, the bridge collapse was attributed to miscalculation by bridge engineers. A temporary support, holding the fifth anchor span, was deemed insufficient to bear the weight.[7]

In December 1957, a safety inspector from the British Columbia Workmen's Compensation Board had reported that the installation of a safety net under the work platforms was "impracticable" following the death of another steelworker.[8]

Renaming

[edit]

The bridge was renamed the "Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing" on June 17, 1994, to honour the eighteen workers who died in the collapse, along with one rescue diver and four other workers who also died during the construction process.[9][10]

[edit]
  • Stompin' Tom Connors paid a musical tribute to the fallen ironworkers with the song "The Bridge Came Tumbling Down" on his 1972 album My Stompin' Grounds. (This song also appears on several later compilations, one of which was performed by Les Claypool's Duo de Twang).
  • Jimmy Dean's 1962 song "Steel Men" is a ballad about the Second Narrows bridge disaster.
  • Gary Geddes' 2007 book of poetry, entitled Falsework, is based on the collapse of the bridge.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Jamieson, Eric, Tragedy at Second Narrows: The Story of the Ironworkers Memorial Bridge, Harbour Publishing, 2008.
  • Rasky, Frank, Great Canadian Disasters, Longman, 1961. (chapter 10)

Notes

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing at Structurae
  2. ^ British Columbia Department of Highways (1957). Minister of Highways Report for the Fiscal Year 1955/56 (Report). Victoria: Government of British Columbia. p. 84. doi:10.14288/1.0349122. J110.L5 S7; 1957_V02_08_N1_N212. Retrieved September 27, 2022.
  3. ^ British Columbia Department of Highways (1958). Minister of Highways Report for the Fiscal Year 1956/57 (Report). Victoria: Government of British Columbia. p. 96. doi:10.14288/1.0354204. J110.L5 S7; 1958_V02_04_J1_J243.
  4. ^ "Monthly Volume Calendar – Second Narrows P-15-2EW – NY" (PDF). British Columbia Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure. October 13, 2021. Retrieved February 28, 2022.
  5. ^ "New bridge open amid subdued air". The Province. August 26, 1960. p. 1. Retrieved December 5, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  6. ^ Staff Writer (April 1, 1963). "Bridge Traffic Goes Smoothly, Because it's Free, Free, Free". Vancouver Sun. p. 1. Retrieved October 2, 2022.
  7. ^ Lowe, Keith (June 26, 2000). "Bridge disaster recalled". North Shore News. Archived from the original on December 15, 2005. Retrieved February 4, 2006.
  8. ^ "Nets under bridge 'impraticable'". The Province. December 11, 1957. p. 12. Retrieved December 5, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  9. ^ "50th anniversary of Second Narrows Bridge collapse". WorkSafe BC. June 17, 2008. Archived from the original on January 1, 2010. Retrieved May 25, 2009.
  10. ^ "Second Narrows Memorial". The Vancouver Sun. June 18, 1994. p. A3. Retrieved December 5, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Ironworkers_Memorial_Second_Narrows_Crossing&oldid=1263997598"