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Western Scheldt Tunnel: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 51°22′09″N 3°47′56″E / 51.3691°N 3.7989°E / 51.3691; 3.7989
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{{Short description|Road tunnel in the Netherlands}}
[[Image:Westerscheldetunnel-2.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Western Scheldt Tunnel]]
{{Infobox tunnel
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'''Western Scheldt Tunnel''' ({{lang-nl|[[:nl:Westerscheldetunnel|Westerscheldetunnel]]}}) is a {{convert|6.6|km|adj=on}} tunnel in the [[Netherlands]] on highway N62 under the [[Western Scheldt]] estuary between [[Ellewoutsdijk]] and [[Terneuzen]]. It is the longest tunnel for highway traffic in The Netherlands.
| name = Western Scheldt Tunnel
| image = Westerscheldetunnel-2.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| official_name = Westerscheldetunnel
| other_name =
| location = [[Zeeland]], [[Netherlands]]
⚫
| coordinates = {{coord|51.3691|3.7989|region:NL-ZL_type:landmark_dim:10000|display=inline,title}}
| os_grid_ref =
| status =
| route = Highway N62
| crosses = [[Western Scheldt]]
| start = [[Ellewoutsdijk]] (north end)
| end = [[Terneuzen]] (south end)
| startwork =
| opened = {{start date|2003|03|14|df=y}}
| closed = <!-- or |closes for future dates -->
| rebuilt =
| reopened = <!-- or |reopens for future dates -->
| owner = Province of Zeeland
| operator =
| traffic =
| character =
| toll = Yes, cars €5.00
| vpd =
| engineer =
| construction =
| length = {{convert|6600|m|ft mi}}
| lanes = 2 x 2
| speed =
| hielevation =
| lowelevation = {{convert|-60|m|ftin}}
| height = {{convert|4.3|m|ftin}}
| width = 2 x {{convert|11|m|ftin}}
| grade = max. 4.5%
| map = {{maplink |type=point |frame=yes |plain=yes |frame-align=center |zoom=9}}
| extra =
}}


⚫
The '''Western Scheldt Tunnel''' ({{langx|nl|Westerscheldetunnel}}) is a {{convert|6.6|km|adj=on}} tunnel in the [[Netherlands]] that carries highway N62 under the [[Western Scheldt]] estuary between [[Ellewoutsdijk]] and [[Terneuzen]]. It is the longest tunnel for highway traffic in the Netherlands.
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==History==
⚫
The tunnel was built by a consortium of Franki Construct, [[Heijmans]], [[Royal BAM Group]], [[Philipp Holzmann]], TBI Beton- en Waterbouw Voormolen and [[Royal BAM Group|Wayss & Freytag]]<ref>[http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?id=s0001778 Structurae database]</ref> on behalf of NV Westerscheldetunnel (the Western Scheldt Tunnel Company) 100% ownership by the province of [[Zeeland]]. The tunnel was opened on 14 March 2003. Since then the automobile ferry between [[Flushing, Netherlands|Flushing]] (Vlissingen), [[Breskens]], Kruiningen and Perkpolder operated by the Provincial Steamboat Service (Provinciale Stoombootdiensten) in Zeeland has been discontinued.


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==History and description==
⚫
The Western Scheldt Tunnel is a bored tunnel and consists of two tubes which were excavated by a [[tunnel boring machine]].<ref name=uhms_abstract>{{cite journal |author1=Sterk, W |author2=LePechon, JC |author3=van Rees Vellinga, TP |title=Trimix Saturation with Excursions during the Western Scheldt deep tunneling project |year=2001 |journal=Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine Journal |issue=Annual Scientific Meeting abstract |publisher=[[Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society]] |url=http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/1016 |accessdate=2009-03-16 }}</ref> Each tube has room for two driving lanes, but does not have a hard shoulder. Every 250 metres, the two tunnel tubes are connected to each other by lateral connections. Normally the cross-connections are closed and locked. But in an emergency, the doors will automatically be unlocked. The traffic in the left driving lane in the other tunnel will be stopped to allow people to walk safely to the other tunnel.
⚫
The tunnel was built by a consortium of Franki Construct, [[Heijmans]], [[Royal BAM Group]], [[Philipp Holzmann]], TBI Beton- en Waterbouw Voormolen and [[Royal BAM Group|Wayss & Freytag]]<ref>[http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?id=s0001778 Structurae database]</ref> on behalf of NV Westerscheldetunnel (Western Scheldt Tunnel Company), which is 100% owned by the province of [[Zeeland]]. The tunnel was opened on 14 March 2003. Since then, the two automobile ferry lines [[Flushing, Netherlands|Flushing]]-[[Breskens]] and Kruiningen-Perkpolder, operated by the Provincial Steamboat Service (Provinciale Stoombootdiensten), have been discontinued.


⚫
The Western Scheldt Tunnel consists of two tubes that were excavated by a [[tunnel boring machine]].<ref name=uhms_abstract>{{cite journal |last1=Sterk |first1=W |last2=LePechon |first2=JC |last3=van Rees Vellinga |first3=TP |title=Trimix Saturation with Excursions during the Western Scheldt deep tunneling project |year=2001 |journal=Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine Journal |issue=Annual Scientific Meeting abstract |publisher=[[Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society]] |url=http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/1016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811173229/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/1016 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=11 August 2011 |access-date=16 March 2009}}</ref> Each tube has two car lanes without a hard shoulder. Every 250 metres, the two tunnel tubes are connected by lateral connections. Normally the cross-connections are closed and locked. In an emergency, the doors unlock automatically. The traffic in the left driving lane of the other tunnel is stopped, allowing people to walk safely into the other tunnel.
⚫
The Western Scheldt Tunnel is {{convert|11.3|m}} diameter, {{convert|6.6|km}} long and has, on the south end, a length of over {{convert|1200|m}}, a section of the road with an uphill grade of 4.5%.<ref name=uhms_abstract/> The maximum clearance is {{convert|4.30|m}}. The tunnel reaches its deepest point under the Pas van Terneuzen, {{convert|60|m}} below water level.


⚫
The Western Scheldt Tunnel is {{convert|11.3|m}} diameter, {{convert|6.6|km}} long, with on the south end a {{convert|1200|m}} stretch of road with an uphill grade of 4.5%.<ref name=uhms_abstract/> The maximum clearance is {{convert|4.30|m}}. The tunnel reaches its deepest point under the Pas van Terneuzen shipping lane, {{convert|60|m}} below water level.
⚫
The toll for the tunnel is collected near Borssele for both directions.

⚫
For both directions, the toll is collected near Borssele, near the north end of the tunnel.


==Bus services==
==Bus services==
The tunnel is not accessible for [[pedestrian]]s, [[cyclist]]s or [[moped]] riders; however, there are [[bus]] services, and upon request (one hour in advance) bicycles and mopeds can be transported in the bus and a trailer, respectively. New [[public transport]] nodes are Tolplein (mun. [[Borsele]]) on the north bank and Terneuzen [[Bus stop|Busstation]] on the south bank. Bus services through these nodes, provided by Connexxion, are:
The tunnel is not accessible for [[pedestrian]]s, [[cyclist]]s or [[moped]] riders; however, there are [[bus]] services and on request (one hour in advance) bicycles and mopeds can be transported in the bus and a trailer, respectively. [[Public transport]] nodes are Tolplein ([[Borsele]]) on the north bank and Terneuzen [[Bus stop|Busstation]] on the south bank. Bus services through these nodes are provided by Connexxion:


*Bus 20: [[Goes]]-[[Borsele|Tolplein]]-[[Terneuzen]] [[bus station]]-[[Terneuzen|Sluiskil]]-[[Terneuzen|Sas van Gent]]-[[Zelzate]] ([[Flanders]])
*Bus 20: [[Goes]]-[[Borsele|Tolplein]]-[[Terneuzen]] [[bus station]]-[[Sluiskil]]-[[Sas van Gent]]-[[Zelzate]] ([[Flanders]])
*Bus 50: between [[Middelburg]] and [[Hulst]]
*Bus 50: between [[Middelburg, Zeeland|Middelburg]] and [[Hulst]]


The regular bus fare applies.
Regular bus fares apply.


==Tolls==
==Tolls==

* Cars: €5.00
* Cars: €5.00
* Motorcycles €2.50
* Motorcycles €5.00
* Cars with caravan: €7.45
* Cars with caravan: €7.45
* Small trucks, campers and buses: €18.20
* Small trucks, campers and buses: €18.20
* Large trucks: €25.00
* Large trucks: €25.00


Correct as of 23/12/23<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.westerscheldetunnel.nl/en/rates-ways-to-pay/ | title=Rates & ways to pay }}</ref>
⚫
Emergency vehicles and military vehicles are toll free.

⚫
Emergency vehicles and military vehicles are toll-free.


Reduced tolls are available for subscribers (respectively €3.05, €4.55, €11.15 and €15.25). That is more expensive than the ferry over the Western Scheldt that operated before the tunnel was opened. As well, there is no reduced toll for residents of [[Zeelandic Flanders]] (Zeeuws-Vlaanderen).
Reduced tolls are available for subscribers (respectively €3.05, €4.55, €11.15 and €15.25). That is more expensive than the ferry over the Western Scheldt that operated before the tunnel was opened. As well, there is no reduced toll for residents of [[Zeelandic Flanders]] (Zeeuws-Vlaanderen).
Line 33: Line 77:


==Lawsuit Committee Tunnel Toll Free==
==Lawsuit Committee Tunnel Toll Free==
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2021}}
In April 2006, Zeelandic Flanders citizens in cooperation with the Socialist Party of Terneuzen established the Lawsuit Committee Tunnel Toll Free (Actiecomité TunnelTolvrij.nl). The purpose of this lawsuit is first to oppose the sale of the tunnel and secondly to make the tunnel toll free.
In April 2006, Zeelandic Flanders citizens in cooperation with the Socialist Party of Terneuzen established the Lawsuit Committee Tunnel Toll-Free (Actiecomité TunnelTolvrij.nl). The purpose of this lawsuit is firstly to oppose the sale of the tunnel, and secondly to make the tunnel toll-free.


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category}}
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.westerscheldetunnel.nl/en/home.htm Western Scheldt Tunnel Official Web Page] In English and Dutch.
*{{Official website|http://www.westerscheldetunnel.nl/en/home.htm }}


{{Authority control}}
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{{coord|51.3691|3.7989|region:NL_type:landmark_dim:10000|display=title}}


[[Category:Toll tunnels in Europe]]
[[Category:Toll tunnels in Europe]]

Latest revision as of 00:48, 20 December 2024

Western Scheldt Tunnel
Overview
Official nameWesterscheldetunnel
LocationZeeland, Netherlands
Coordinates51°22′09″N 3°47′56″E / 51.3691°N 3.7989°E / 51.3691; 3.7989
RouteHighway N62
CrossesWestern Scheldt
StartEllewoutsdijk (north end)
EndTerneuzen (south end)
Operation
Opened14 March 2003 (2003-03-14)
OwnerProvince of Zeeland
TollYes, cars €5.00
Technical
Length6,600 metres (21,700 ft; 4.1 mi)
No. of lanes2 x 2
Lowest elevation−60 metres (−196 ft 10 in)
Tunnel clearance4.3 metres (14 ft 1 in)
Width2 x 11 metres (36 ft 1 in)
Grademax. 4.5%
Route map
Map

The Western Scheldt Tunnel (Dutch: Westerscheldetunnel) is a 6.6-kilometre (4.1 mi) tunnel in the Netherlands that carries highway N62 under the Western Scheldt estuary between Ellewoutsdijk and Terneuzen. It is the longest tunnel for highway traffic in the Netherlands.

History and description

[edit]

The tunnel was built by a consortium of Franki Construct, Heijmans, Royal BAM Group, Philipp Holzmann, TBI Beton- en Waterbouw Voormolen and Wayss & Freytag[1] on behalf of NV Westerscheldetunnel (Western Scheldt Tunnel Company), which is 100% owned by the province of Zeeland. The tunnel was opened on 14 March 2003. Since then, the two automobile ferry lines Flushing-Breskens and Kruiningen-Perkpolder, operated by the Provincial Steamboat Service (Provinciale Stoombootdiensten), have been discontinued.

The Western Scheldt Tunnel consists of two tubes that were excavated by a tunnel boring machine.[2] Each tube has two car lanes without a hard shoulder. Every 250 metres, the two tunnel tubes are connected by lateral connections. Normally the cross-connections are closed and locked. In an emergency, the doors unlock automatically. The traffic in the left driving lane of the other tunnel is stopped, allowing people to walk safely into the other tunnel.

The Western Scheldt Tunnel is 11.3 metres (37 ft) diameter, 6.6 kilometres (4.1 mi) long, with on the south end a 1,200 metres (3,900 ft) stretch of road with an uphill grade of 4.5%.[2] The maximum clearance is 4.30 metres (14.1 ft). The tunnel reaches its deepest point under the Pas van Terneuzen shipping lane, 60 metres (200 ft) below water level.

For both directions, the toll is collected near Borssele, near the north end of the tunnel.

Bus services

[edit]

The tunnel is not accessible for pedestrians, cyclists or moped riders; however, there are bus services and on request (one hour in advance) bicycles and mopeds can be transported in the bus and a trailer, respectively. Public transport nodes are Tolplein (Borsele) on the north bank and Terneuzen Busstation on the south bank. Bus services through these nodes are provided by Connexxion:

Regular bus fares apply.

Tolls

[edit]
  • Cars: €5.00
  • Motorcycles €5.00
  • Cars with caravan: €7.45
  • Small trucks, campers and buses: €18.20
  • Large trucks: €25.00

Correct as of 23/12/23[3]

Emergency vehicles and military vehicles are toll-free.

Reduced tolls are available for subscribers (respectively €3.05, €4.55, €11.15 and €15.25). That is more expensive than the ferry over the Western Scheldt that operated before the tunnel was opened. As well, there is no reduced toll for residents of Zeelandic Flanders (Zeeuws-Vlaanderen).

Correct as of 12/04/2014

Lawsuit Committee Tunnel Toll Free

[edit]

In April 2006, Zeelandic Flanders citizens in cooperation with the Socialist Party of Terneuzen established the Lawsuit Committee Tunnel Toll-Free (Actiecomité TunnelTolvrij.nl). The purpose of this lawsuit is firstly to oppose the sale of the tunnel, and secondly to make the tunnel toll-free.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Structurae database
  2. ^ a b Sterk, W; LePechon, JC; van Rees Vellinga, TP (2001). "Trimix Saturation with Excursions during the Western Scheldt deep tunneling project". Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine Journal (Annual Scientific Meeting abstract). Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society. Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 16 March 2009.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  3. ^ "Rates & ways to pay".
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Westerscheldetunnel.
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