Maria Antonia of Austria: Difference between revisions

Names
	Maria Antonia Josepha Benedicta Rosalia Petronella

Maria Antonia of Austria
Maria Antonia of Austria
Electress consort of Bavaria
Tenure	15 July 1685 – 24 December 1692
Born	18 January 1669; Hofburg Palace, Vienna, Archduchy of Austria, Holy Roman Empire
Died	24 December 1692 (aged 23); Hofburg Palace, Vienna, Archduchy of Austria, Holy Roman Empire
Burial	25 December 1692; Imperial Crypt
Spouse	Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria (m. 1685)
Issue; Detail	Joseph Ferdinand of Bavaria
Names
Names
	Maria Antonia Josepha Benedicta Rosalia Petronella
House	Habsburg
Father	Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
Mother	Margaret Theresa of Spain

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Maria Antonia Josepha Benedicta Rosalia Petronella of Austria^[1] (18 January 1669 – 24 December 1692) was an Electress of Bavaria as the wife of Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria. She was the eldest daughter and only surviving child of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor and his first wife Margaret Theresa of Spain. She was the heiress to the Spanish throne after her maternal uncle Charles II of Spain from 1673 until her death.

Life

Early life

Archduchess Maria Antonia of Austria was born on 18 January 1669 in Vienna, Archduchy of Austria, Holy Roman Empire. She was the second child of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor (1640–1705) and his wife Margaret Theresa of Spain (1651–1673).^[2]^[3] Her only older sibling had already died by the time she was born.^[4] She had two younger siblings, both of whom died in infancy,^[2] and twelve half-siblings, six of whom lived into adulthood.^[5]

Maria Antonia had the highest coefficient of inbreeding in the House of Habsburg, 0.3053:^[6] her father was her mother's maternal uncle and paternal first cousin once removed, and her maternal grandparents were also uncle and niece. Her coefficient was higher than that of a child born to a parent and offspring, or brother and sister.^[6]

Since her childhood, Maria Antonia was an intelligent and cultivated girl, sharing her parents' passion for music.^{[citation needed]}

The last Habsburg king of Spain, Charles II, never fathered any children, due to his severe deformities and illnesses. According to the laws of succession in Spain, Maria Antonia would have had the right to inherit the crown had she lived long enough, because she was the only surviving child of Empress Margaret Theresa, Charles II's sister. During her childhood, it was decided that she would marry her maternal uncle, Charles II,^[7] but this plan came to nothing due to political circumstances.^[8]^[9]

As an alternative, she became a candidate for marriage to Victor Amadeus II, the Duke of Savoy, but nothing came of these plans either.

Electress

Maria Antonia finally married Maximilian II, the Elector of Bavaria,^[10]^[11] on 15 July 1685 in Vienna. The marriage between an heiress of the Spanish throne, in Maria Anna of Austria, Queen of Spain's view, gave the Bavarian Wittelsbachs the closer place in succession to the Crown than the Austrian Habsburg. Mariana's dynastic loyalty was to her daughter Margaret Theresa of Spain's descendants, which were her granddaughter Maria Antonia and her family.^[12]^[13] This put her at odds with her younger brother Leopold I, who wanted his son to be the heir instead of Maria Antonia, his daughter.^[14] In an attempt to strengthen the claim of his son, Emperor Leopold I had his daughter waive her inheritance rights shortly after her marriage.^[15]^[16]^[17] In exchange, he promised to have his son-in-law appointed as governor of the Spanish Netherlands.^[18]

The marriage was very unhappy,^[16] as the extroverted Maximilian and the introverted and serious Maria Antonia had little in common. Maria Antonia was reportedly offended by Maximilian's constant infidelity. When he was appointed governor of the Spanish Netherlands and left for Brussels in the company of his mistress Countess Canozza, Maria Antonia left for her father in Vienna to give birth, and it was widely assumed that she did not intend to return to Maximilian. She died of postpartum infections after childbirth.

As the niece of Charles II of Spain, Maria Antonia was of great relevance in connection with the succession to the Spanish throne,^[19] which was a major political issue in late-17th-century Europe. One of her sons, Joseph Ferdinand, was of central importance to European politics at the end of the seventeenth century as a claimant to the throne of Spain.^[10]^[12] Maria Antonia was the last of the Habsburg line in that country and Joseph Ferdinand's death before that of Charles II, the last Habsburg king of Spain, helped to trigger the War of the Spanish Succession.^[20] If he had survived Charles, the European powers might have permitted him to accede to the throne of Spain under the terms of the 1698 Treaty of The Hague.^[21]^[22]

Issue

Leopold Ferdinand of Bavaria (22 May 1689) – died at birth
Anton of Bavaria (19 November 1690) – died at birth
Joseph Ferdinand of Bavaria (28 October 1692 – 6 February 1699) – died in childhood^[23]

Engraving c. 1690
Maria Antonia and her son Joseph Ferdinand, by Bildnis Der Maria c. 1697

Ancestors

Ancestors of Maria Antonia of Austria

Philip III
of Spain^[i]^[ii]
1578–1621

Margaret
of Austria^[i]^[ii]
1584–1611

Ferdinand II
Holy Roman Emperor^[iii]
1578–1637

Maria Anna
of Bavaria^[iii]
1574–1616

Maria Anna
of Spain^[iii]
1606–46

Ferdinand III
Holy Roman Emperor^[iii]
1608–57

Philip IV
of Spain^[iv]
1605–65

Mariana
of Austria^[iv]
1634–96

Margaret Theresa
of Spain
1651–1673

Leopold I
Holy Roman Emperor
1640–1705

Maria Antonia
of Austria
1669–1692

Notes:

^ ^a ^b Wurzbach, Constantin von, ed. (1861). "Habsburg, Maria Anna von Spanien" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 23 – via Wikisource.
^ ^a ^b Wurzbach, Constantin von, ed. (1861). "Habsburg, Philipp IV." . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 122 – via Wikisource.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Wurzbach, Constantin von, ed. (1861). "Habsburg, Maria Anna (Königin von Spanien)" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 24 – via Wikisource.
^ ^a ^b Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Charles II. (King of Spain)" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

References

^ Berger, Theodor (1739), Die Durchläuchtige Welt, Oder: Kurtzgefaßte Genealogische, Historische und Politische Beschreibung ..., Korn, p. 6
^ ^a ^b Spielman 1977, p. 57.
^ Frey & Frey 1983, p. 14.
^ Wheatcroft 1996, p. 200.
^ Spielman 1977, p. 221.
^ ^a ^b Ceballos, F C and Álvarez, G (August 2013). "Royal dynasties as human inbreeding laboratories: the Habsburgs". Heredity. 111 (2): 114–121. doi:10.1038/hdy.2013.25. ISSN 0018-067X. PMC 3716267. PMID 23572123.
^ Mitchell 2013, p. 374.
^ Langdon-Davies 1963, pp. 89–91.
^ Mitchell 2013, pp. 274–275.
^ ^a ^b Langdon-Davies 1963, p. 88.
^ Spielman 1977, p. 125.
^ ^a ^b Mitchell 2013, p. 411.
^ Langdon-Davies 1963, p. 145.
^ Mitchell 2019, p. 229.
^ Gaxotte, Pierre (1970). The Age of Louis XIV. Translated by Michael Shaw. New York: Macmillian Company. pp. 288–289. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
^ ^a ^b Spielman 1977, p. 171.
^ Frey & Frey 1983, p. 13.
^ Spielman 1977, p. 170.
^ Mitchell 2013, p. 422.
^ Wheatcroft 1996, p. 204.
^ Bluche, François (1990). Louis XIV. Translated by Greengrass, Mark. New York City: Franklin Watts. p. 516. ISBN 978-0-531-15112-9. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
^ Kamen, Henry (1969). The War of Succession in Spain, 1700-15. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-297-17777-7. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
^ Frey & Frey 1983, pp. 6–7.

Bibliography

Friedrich Weissensteiner: Liebeshimmel und Ehehöllen - Heyne Taschenbuchverlag 1999 - ISBN 3-453-17853-X
Frey, Linda; Frey, Marsha (1983). A Question of Empire: Leopold I and the War of Spanish Succession, 1701–1705. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 6, 13, 14. ISBN 0-88033-038-4.
Langdon-Davies, John (1963). Carlos: The King Who Would Not Die. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Mitchell, Silvia Z. (2013). Mariana of Austria and Imperial Spain: Court, Dynastic, and International Politics in Seventeenth-Century Europe (Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) thesis). Retrieved 21 November 2023.
Mitchell, Silvia Z. (2019-05-30). Queen, Mother, and Stateswoman: Mariana of Austria and the Government of Spain. Penn State Press. ISBN 978-0-271-08412-1.
Spielman, John Philip (1977). Leopold I. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-87005-1.
Wheatcroft, Andrew (1996). The Habsburgs: Embodying Empire. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-023634-7. Retrieved 21 November 2023.

[BLKO-Maria_Anna_von_Spanien-24] Wurzbach, Constantin von, ed. (1861). "Habsburg, Maria Anna von Spanien" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 23 – via Wikisource.

[BLKO-Philipp_IV-25] Wurzbach, Constantin von, ed. (1861). "Habsburg, Philipp IV." . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 122 – via Wikisource.

[BLKO-Mariana-26] Wurzbach, Constantin von, ed. (1861). "Habsburg, Maria Anna (Königin von Spanien)" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 24 – via Wikisource.

[1911-Charles_II-27] Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Charles II. (King of Spain)" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

[1] Berger, Theodor (1739), Die Durchläuchtige Welt, Oder: Kurtzgefaßte Genealogische, Historische und Politische Beschreibung ..., Korn, p. 6

[FOOTNOTESpielman197757-2] Spielman 1977, p. 57.

[FOOTNOTEFreyFrey198314-3] Frey & Frey 1983, p. 14.

[FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996200-4] Wheatcroft 1996, p. 200.

[FOOTNOTESpielman1977221-5] Spielman 1977, p. 221.

[:0-6] Ceballos, F C and Álvarez, G (August 2013). "Royal dynasties as human inbreeding laboratories: the Habsburgs". Heredity. 111 (2): 114–121. doi:10.1038/hdy.2013.25. ISSN 0018-067X. PMC 3716267. PMID 23572123.

[FOOTNOTEMitchell2013374-7] Mitchell 2013, p. 374.

[FOOTNOTELangdon-Davies196389–91-8] Langdon-Davies 1963, pp. 89–91.

[FOOTNOTEMitchell2013274–275-9] Mitchell 2013, pp. 274–275.

[FOOTNOTELangdon-Davies196388-10] Langdon-Davies 1963, p. 88.

[FOOTNOTESpielman1977125-11] Spielman 1977, p. 125.

[FOOTNOTEMitchell2013411-12] Mitchell 2013, p. 411.

[FOOTNOTELangdon-Davies1963145-13] Langdon-Davies 1963, p. 145.

[FOOTNOTEMitchell2019229-14] Mitchell 2019, p. 229.

[Gaxotte-15] Gaxotte, Pierre (1970). The Age of Louis XIV. Translated by Michael Shaw. New York: Macmillian Company. pp. 288–289. Retrieved 24 November 2023.

[FOOTNOTESpielman1977171-16] Spielman 1977, p. 171.

[FOOTNOTEFreyFrey198313-17] Frey & Frey 1983, p. 13.

[FOOTNOTESpielman1977170-18] Spielman 1977, p. 170.

[FOOTNOTEMitchell2013422-19] Mitchell 2013, p. 422.

[FOOTNOTEWheatcroft1996204-20] Wheatcroft 1996, p. 204.

[21] Bluche, François (1990). Louis XIV. Translated by Greengrass, Mark. New York City: Franklin Watts. p. 516. ISBN 978-0-531-15112-9. Retrieved 21 November 2023.

[22] Kamen, Henry (1969). The War of Succession in Spain, 1700-15. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-297-17777-7. Retrieved 21 November 2023.

[FOOTNOTEFreyFrey19836–7-23] Frey & Frey 1983, pp. 6–7.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{distinguish|text=[[Marie Antoinette]], [[Queen of France]], [[Maria Anna of Austria]] (1683-1754), Queen consort of Portugal or [[Duchess Maria Antonia of Bavaria]] (1724-1780)}}
+{{distinguish|text=[[Marie Antoinette]], [[Queen of France]], [[Maria Anna of Austria]] (1683–1754), Queen consort of Portugal or [[Duchess Maria Antonia of Bavaria]] (1724–1780)}}
 {{more footnotes|date=October 2016}}
-{{Infobox royalty|consort=yes
+{{Infobox royalty
+| consort      = yes
 | full name    = Maria Antonia Josepha Benedicta Rosalia Petronella
-| succession   = [[List of Bavarian royal consorts|Electress consort of Bavaria]]
+| succession   = [[Electress consort of Bavaria]]
 | image        = Archduchess Maria Antonia of Austria.png
 | reign        = 15 July 1685 – 24 December 1692
@@ Line 11: / Line 12: @@
 | father       = [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor]]
 | mother       = [[Margaret Theresa of Spain]]
-| house        = [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]]
+| house        = [[Habsburg]]
 | birth_date   = 18 January 1669
-| birth_place  = [[Hofburg Palace]], [[Vienna]]
+| birth_place  = [[Hofburg Palace]], [[Vienna]], [[Archduchy of Austria]], [[Holy Roman Empire]]
 | death_date   = {{death date and age|1692|12|24|1669|1|18|df=y}}
-| death_place  = Hofburg Palace, Vienna
+| death_place  = Hofburg Palace, Vienna, Archduchy of Austria, Holy Roman Empire
 | burial_date  = 25 December 1692
-| burial_place = [[Imperial Crypt Vaults]]
+| burial_place = [[Imperial Crypt]]
 }}
-'''Maria Antonia Josepha Benedicta Rosalia Petronella of Austria'''<ref>{{citation |first=Theodor |last=Berger |title=Die Durchläuchtige Welt, Oder: Kurtzgefaßte Genealogische, Historische und Politische Beschreibung ... |year=1739 |publisher=Korn |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=4ZhAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA6 6] }}</ref> (18 January 1669 &ndash; 24 December 1692) was an [[Electress of Bavaria]] as the wife of [[Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria]]. She was the eldest daughter and only surviving child of [[Holy Roman Emperor]] [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold I]] and his first wife [[Margaret Theresa of Spain]]. She was the heir to the Spanish throne after her maternal uncle [[Charles II of Spain]] from 1673 until her death.
+'''Maria Antonia Josepha Benedicta Rosalia Petronella of Austria'''<ref>{{citation |first=Theodor |last=Berger |title=Die Durchläuchtige Welt, Oder: Kurtzgefaßte Genealogische, Historische und Politische Beschreibung ... |year=1739 |publisher=Korn |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=4ZhAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA6 6] }}</ref> (18 January 1669 – 24 December 1692) was an [[Electress of Bavaria]] as the wife of [[Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria]]. She was the eldest daughter and only surviving child of [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor]] and his first wife [[Margaret Theresa of Spain]]. She was the heiress to the Spanish throne after her maternal uncle [[Charles II of Spain]] from 1673 until her death.
 ==Life==
 === Early life ===
-[[Archduchess]] Maria Antonia of Austria was born on 18 January 1669 in [[Vienna]], [[Archduchy of Austria]], [[Holy Roman Empire]]. She was the second child of [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Leopold I]] (1640&ndash;1705) and his wife [[Margaret Theresa of Spain]] (1651&ndash;1673). Her only older sibling had already died by the time she was born. She had 2 younger siblings, both of whom died in infancy, and twelve half-siblings, eight of whom lived into adulthood.
+[[Archduchess]] Maria Antonia of Austria was born on 18 January 1669 in [[Vienna]], [[Archduchy of Austria]], [[Holy Roman Empire]]. She was the second child of [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor]] (1640–1705) and his wife [[Margaret Theresa of Spain]] (1651–1673).{{sfn|Spielman|1977|p=57}}{{sfn|Frey|Frey|1983|p=14}} Her only older sibling had already died by the time she was born.{{sfn|Wheatcroft|1996|p=200}} She had two younger siblings, both of whom died in infancy,{{sfn|Spielman|1977|p=57}} and twelve half-siblings, six of whom lived into adulthood.{{sfn|Spielman|1977|p=221}}
-Maria Antonia had the highest [[coefficient of inbreeding]] in the [[House of Habsburg]], 0.3053:<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Ceballos|first1=F C|last2=Álvarez|first2=G|date=August 2013|title=Royal dynasties as human inbreeding laboratories: the Habsburgs|journal=Heredity|volume=111|issue=2|pages=114–121|doi=10.1038/hdy.2013.25|issn=0018-067X|pmc=3716267|pmid=23572123}}</ref> her father was her mother's maternal uncle and paternal first cousin once removed, and her maternal grandparents were also uncle and niece. Her coefficient was higher than that of a child born to a parent and offspring, or brother and sister.<ref name=":0" /> [[File:Benjamin von Block 002.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Archduchess Maria Antonia by [[Benjamin Block|Benjamin von Block]], c. 1685]]
+Maria Antonia had the highest [[coefficient of inbreeding]] in the [[House of Habsburg]], 0.3053:<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Ceballos |first1=F C |last2=Álvarez |first2=G |name-list-style=and |date=August 2013 |title=Royal dynasties as human inbreeding laboratories: the Habsburgs |journal=Heredity |volume=111 |issue=2 |pages=114–121 |doi=10.1038/hdy.2013.25 |issn=0018-067X |pmc=3716267 |pmid=23572123}}</ref> her father was her mother's maternal uncle and paternal first cousin once removed, and her maternal grandparents were also uncle and niece. Her coefficient was higher than that of a child born to a parent and offspring, or brother and sister.<ref name=":0"/>
-Since her childhood, Maria Antonia was an intelligent and cultivated girl, sharing her parents' passion for music.
+Since her childhood, Maria Antonia was an intelligent and cultivated girl, sharing her parents' passion for music.{{citation needed|date=November 2023}}
-The last Habsburg king of Spain, [[Charles II of Spain|Charles II]], never fathered any children, due to his severe deformities and illnesses. According to the laws of succession in Spain, Maria Antonia would have had the right to inherit the crown had she lived long enough, because she was the only surviving child of [[Margaret Theresa of Spain|Empress Margaret Theresa]], [[Charles II of Spain|Charles II]]'s sister. During her childhood, it was decided that she would marry her maternal uncle, Charles II, but this plan came to nothing due to political circumstances.
+The last Habsburg king of Spain, [[Charles II of Spain|Charles II]], never fathered any children, due to his severe deformities and illnesses. According to the laws of succession in Spain, Maria Antonia would have had the right to inherit the crown had she lived long enough, because she was the only surviving child of Empress [[Margaret Theresa of Spain|Margaret Theresa]], Charles II's sister. During her childhood, it was decided that she would marry her maternal uncle, Charles II,{{sfn|Mitchell|2013|page=374}} but this plan came to nothing due to political circumstances.{{sfn|Langdon-Davies|1963|pages=89-91}}{{sfn|Mitchell|2013|pages=274-275}}
-As an alternative, she became a candidate for marriage to [[Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia]], the [[Duke of Savoy]], but nothing came of these plans either.
+As an alternative, she became a candidate for marriage to [[Victor Amadeus II]], the [[Duke of Savoy]], but nothing came of these plans either.
 ===Electress===
+Maria Antonia finally married [[Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria|Maximilian II]], the [[Elector of Bavaria]],{{sfn|Langdon-Davies|1963|p=88}}{{sfn|Spielman|1977|p=125}} on 15 July 1685 in [[Vienna]]. The marriage between an heiress of the Spanish throne, in [[Mariana of Austria|Maria Anna of Austria, Queen of Spain]]'s view, gave the Bavarian [[Wittelsbachs]] the closer place in succession to the Crown than the Austrian [[Habsburg]]. Mariana's dynastic loyalty was to her daughter [[Margaret Theresa of Spain]]'s descendants, which were her granddaughter Maria Antonia and her family.{{sfn|Mitchell|2013|page=411}}{{sfn|Langdon-Davies|1963|p=145}} This put her at odds with her younger brother [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold I]], who wanted his son to be the heir instead of Maria Antonia, his daughter.{{sfn|Mitchell|2019|p=229}} In an attempt to strengthen the claim of his son, Emperor Leopold I had his daughter waive her inheritance rights shortly after her marriage.<ref name="Gaxotte">{{cite book |last=Gaxotte |first=Pierre |author-link=Pierre Gaxotte |url=https://archive.org/details/ageoflouisxiv0000pier |title=The Age of Louis XIV |publisher=Macmillian Company |year=1970 |location=New York |pages=288–289 |translator=Michael Shaw |access-date=24 November 2023}}</ref>{{sfn|Spielman|1977|p=171}}{{sfn|Frey|Frey|1983|p=13}} In exchange, he promised to have his son-in-law appointed as [[List of governors of the Habsburg Netherlands|governor]] of the [[Spanish Netherlands]].{{sfn|Spielman|1977|p=170}}
-[[File:B.K.C. - Archduchess Maria Antonia of Austria (1669-1692).png|thumb|left|200px|Engraving c. 1690]]Maria Antonia finally married [[Maximilian II, Elector of Bavaria|Maximilian II]], the [[Elector of Bavaria]], on 15 July 1685 in [[Vienna]]. Maximilian married her in the hope of succeeding to the Spanish throne by her rights. Their marriage was very unhappy, as the extroverted Maximilian and the introverted and serious Maria Antonia had little in common. Maria Antonia was reportedly offended by Maximilian's constant infidelity. When he was appointed governor of the Spanish Netherlands and left for Brussels in the company of his mistress Countess Canozza, Maria Antonia left for her father in Vienna to give birth, and it was widely assumed that she did not intend to return to Maximilian. She died of [[postpartum infections]] after childbirth.
+The marriage was very unhappy,{{sfn|Spielman|1977|p=171}} as the extroverted Maximilian and the introverted and serious Maria Antonia had little in common. Maria Antonia was reportedly offended by Maximilian's constant infidelity. When he was appointed governor of the Spanish Netherlands and left for Brussels in the company of his mistress Countess Canozza, Maria Antonia left for her father in Vienna to give birth, and it was widely assumed that she did not intend to return to Maximilian. She died of [[postpartum infections]] after childbirth.
-As the niece of Charles II of Spain, Maria Antonia was of great relevance in connection with the succession to the Spanish throne, which was a major political issue in late 17th-century Europe.  One of her sons, [[Joseph Ferdinand of Bavaria (1692-1699)|Joseph Ferdinand]], was of central importance to European politics at the end of the seventeenth century as a claimant to the throne of Spain. Maria Antonia was the last of the Habsburg line in that country and Joseph Ferdinand's death before that of Charles II, the last Habsburg king of Spain, helped to trigger the [[War of the Spanish Succession]].  If he had survived Charles, the European powers likely would have permitted him to accede to the throne of Spain.
+As the niece of Charles II of Spain, Maria Antonia was of great relevance in connection with the succession to the Spanish throne,{{sfn|Mitchell|2013|page=422}} which was a major political issue in late-17th-century Europe. One of her sons, [[Joseph Ferdinand of Bavaria|Joseph Ferdinand]], was of central importance to European politics at the end of the seventeenth century as a claimant to the throne of Spain.{{sfn|Langdon-Davies|1963|p=88}}{{sfn|Mitchell|2013|page=411}} Maria Antonia was the last of the Habsburg line in that country and Joseph Ferdinand's death before that of Charles II, the last Habsburg king of Spain, helped to trigger the [[War of the Spanish Succession]].{{sfn|Wheatcroft|1996|p=204}} If he had survived Charles, the European powers might have permitted him to accede to the throne of Spain under the terms of the 1698 [[Treaty of The Hague (1698)|Treaty of The Hague]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Bluche |first=François |author-link=François Bluche |url=https://archive.org/details/louisxiv0000bluc_v1b2 |title=Louis XIV |publisher=Franklin Watts |year=1990 |isbn=978-0-531-15112-9 |location=New York City |page=516 |translator-last=Greengrass |translator-first=Mark |access-date=21 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Kamen |first=Henry |author-link=Henry Kamen |url=https://archive.org/details/warofsuccessioni0000kame |title=The War of Succession in Spain, 1700-15 |date=1969 |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |isbn=978-0-297-17777-7 |location=London |page=3 |access-date=21 November 2023}}</ref>
 ==Issue==
+#Leopold Ferdinand of Bavaria (22 May 1689) – died at birth
+#Anton of Bavaria (19 November 1690) – died at birth
+#[[Joseph Ferdinand of Bavaria]] (28 October 1692 – 6 February 1699) – died in childhood{{sfn|Frey|Frey|1983|pages=6-7}}
+<gallery>
-[[File:Bildnis der Maria Antonia, Gemahlin Kurfürst Max II. Emanuels von Bayern, mit ihrem Sohn Joseph Ferdinand - 3355.jpg |thumb|left|200px|Maria Antonia and her son Joseph Ferdinand, Bildnis Der Maria c.1697]] #Leopold Ferdinand of Bavaria (22 May 1689) died at birth.
+File:B.K.C. - Archduchess Maria Antonia of Austria (1669-1692).png|Engraving c. 1690
-#Anton of Bavaria (19 November 1690) died at birth.
+File:Bildnis der Maria Antonia, Gemahlin Kurfürst Max II. Emanuels von Bayern, mit ihrem Sohn Joseph Ferdinand - 3355.jpg|Maria Antonia and her son Joseph Ferdinand, by Bildnis Der Maria c. 1697
-#[[Joseph Ferdinand of Bavaria]] (28 October 1692 – 6 February 1699), died in childhood.
+</gallery>
 ==Ancestors==
@@ Line 52: / Line 59: @@
 |{{chart/start|style=font-size:90%; line-height: 120%; margin:1em;|align=center| summary=}}
 {{chart|boxstyle=border-width:1px;border-radius: 0.5em| | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |}}
-{{chart|boxstyle=border-width:1px;border-radius: 0.5em| | | | | | |Phil3|~|y|~|MarA1| |Ferd2|y|MarB2| Phil3=[[Philip III of Spain|'''Philip&nbsp;III'''<br/>of Spain]]<ref group=lower-roman name="BLKO-Maria Anna von Spanien">{{BLKO |wstitle=Habsburg, Maria Anna von Spanien |volume=7 |page=23}}</ref><ref group=lower-roman name="BLKO-Philipp IV">{{BLKO |wstitle=Habsburg, Philipp IV. |volume=7 |page=122}}</ref><br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1578–1621}}}}| MarA1=[[Margaret of Austria, Queen of Spain|'''Margaret'''<br/>of Austria]]<ref group=lower-roman name="BLKO-Maria Anna von Spanien"/><ref group=lower-roman name="BLKO-Philipp IV"/><br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1584–1611}}}}| Ferd2=[[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor|'''Ferdinand&nbsp;II'''<br/>Holy Roman Emperor]]<ref group=lower-roman name="BLKO-Mariana"/><br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1578–1637}}}}| MarB2=[[Maria Anna of Bavaria (1574–1616)|'''Maria Anna'''<br/>of Bavaria]]<ref group=lower-roman name="BLKO-Mariana"/><br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1574–1616}}}}}}
+{{chart|boxstyle=border-width:1px;border-radius: 0.5em| | | | | | |Phil3|~|y|~|MarA1| |Ferd2|y|MarB2| Phil3=[[Philip III of Spain|'''Philip&nbsp;III'''<br/>of Spain]]<ref group=lower-roman name="BLKO-Maria Anna von Spanien">{{BLKO |wstitle=Habsburg, Maria Anna von Spanien |volume=7 |page=23}}</ref><ref group=lower-roman name="BLKO-Philipp IV">{{BLKO |wstitle=Habsburg, Philipp IV. |volume=7 |page=122}}</ref><br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1578–1621}}}}| MarA1=[[Margaret of Austria, Queen of Spain|'''Margaret'''<br/>of Austria]]<ref group=lower-roman name="BLKO-Maria Anna von Spanien"/><ref group=lower-roman name="BLKO-Philipp IV"/><br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1584–1611}}}}| Ferd2=[[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor|'''Ferdinand&nbsp;II'''<br/>Holy Roman Emperor]]<ref group=lower-roman name="BLKO-Mariana"/><br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1578–1637}}}}| MarB2=[[Maria Anna of Bavaria (born 1574)|'''Maria Anna'''<br/>of Bavaria]]<ref group=lower-roman name="BLKO-Mariana"/><br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1574–1616}}}}}}
 {{chart|boxstyle=border-width:1px;border-radius: 0.5em| | | | | | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| | | | | |!}}
 {{chart|boxstyle=border-width:1px;border-radius: 0.5em| | | | | | | |!| | | | |MarS2|~|y|~|Ferd3| | MarS2=[[Maria Anna of Spain|'''Maria Anna'''<br/>of Spain]]<ref group=lower-roman name="BLKO-Mariana"/><br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1606–46}}}}| Ferd3=[[Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor|'''Ferdinand&nbsp;III'''<br/>Holy Roman Emperor]]<ref group=lower-roman name="BLKO-Mariana">{{BLKO |wstitle=Habsburg, Maria Anna (Königin von Spanien) |volume=7 |page=24}}</ref><br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1608–57}}}}}}
@@ Line 58: / Line 65: @@
 {{chart|boxstyle=border-width:1px;border-radius: 0.5em| | | | | | |Phil4|~|y|~|MarA2| | | | |!| Phil4=[[Philip IV of Spain|'''Philip&nbsp;IV'''<br/>of Spain]]<ref group=lower-roman name="1911-Charles II">{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Charles II. (King of Spain) |volume=5}}</ref><br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1605–65}}}}|MarA2=[[Mariana of Austria|'''Mariana'''<br/>of Austria]]<ref group=lower-roman name="1911-Charles II"/><br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1634–96}}}}}}
 {{chart|boxstyle=border-width:1px;border-radius: 0.5em| | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | |!|}}
-{{chart|boxstyle=border-width:1px;border-radius: 0.5em| | | | | | | | | |Cha2S|~|~|y|~|~|~|Leopold| |Leopold=[[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|'''Leopold I'''<br>Holy Roman Emperor]]<br><small>1640-1705</small>|Cha2S=[[Margaret Theresa of Spain|'''Margaret Theresa'''<br/>of Spain]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1651–1673}}}}}}
+{{chart|boxstyle=border-width:1px;border-radius: 0.5em| | | | | | | | | |Cha2S|~|~|y|~|~|~|Leopold| |Leopold=[[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|'''Leopold I'''<br>Holy Roman Emperor]]<br><small>1640–1705</small>|Cha2S=[[Margaret Theresa of Spain|'''Margaret Theresa'''<br/>of Spain]]<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1651–1673}}}}}}
 {{chart|boxstyle=border-width:1px;border-radius: 0.5em| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |}}
 {{chart|boxstyle=border-width:1px;border-radius: 0.5em| | | | | | | | | | | | | |Maria| |Maria='''Maria Antonia'''<br/>of Austria<br/>{{smaller|{{nowrap|1669–1692}}}}}}
@@ Line 64: / Line 71: @@
 |-
 |style="text-align: left;"|'''Notes:'''
-{{notelist-lr}}<!--- use either {{Efn-lr}} and/or <ref group=lower-roman /> To fill this notelist -->
+{{notelist-lr}}<!--- use either {{Efn-lr}} and/or <ref group=lower-roman/> To fill this notelist -->
 {{chart bottom}}
@@ Line 72: / Line 79: @@
 ==Bibliography==
 *Friedrich Weissensteiner: ''Liebeshimmel und Ehehöllen'' - Heyne Taschenbuchverlag 1999 - {{ISBN|3-453-17853-X}}
+*{{cite book |last1=Frey |last2=Frey |first1=Linda |first2=Marsha |title=A Question of Empire: Leopold I and the War of Spanish Succession, 1701–1705 |year=1983 |url=https://archive.org/details/questionofempire0000lind |publisher=Columbia University Press |location=New York |isbn=0-88033-038-4 |pages=6,13,14}}
+*{{cite book |title=Carlos: The King Who Would Not Die |last=Langdon-Davies |first=John |author-link=John Langdon-Davies |url=https://archive.org/details/carloskingwhowou00lang |publisher=Prentice Hall |year=1963 |location=Englewood Cliffs, NJ}}
+*{{cite thesis |last=Mitchell |first=Silvia Z. |date=2013 |title=Mariana of Austria and Imperial Spain: Court, Dynastic, and International Politics in Seventeenth-Century Europe |url=https://scholarship.miami.edu/esploro/outputs/doctoral/Mariana-of-Austria-and-Imperial-Spain/991031447870202976 |degree=Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) |access-date=21 November 2023}}
+*{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hJ2YEAAAQBAJ&dq=Maria+Antonia+of+Austria,+electress+of+bavaria&pg=PA288 |title=Queen, Mother, and Stateswoman: Mariana of Austria and the Government of Spain |last=Mitchell |first=Silvia Z. |date=2019-05-30 |publisher=Penn State Press |isbn=978-0-271-08412-1}}
+*{{cite book |title=Leopold I |last=Spielman |first=John Philip |url=https://archive.org/details/leopoldiofaustri0000spie |year=1977 |publisher=Thames and Hudson |location=London |isbn=978-0-500-87005-1}}
+*{{cite book |last=Wheatcroft |first=Andrew |title=The Habsburgs: Embodying Empire |date=1996 |publisher=Penguin Books |location=London |isbn=978-0-14-023634-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/habsburgs00andr |access-date=21 November 2023}}
 {{Austrian archduchesses}}
 {{Electresses of Bavaria}}
@@ Line 78: / Line 90: @@
 {{Authority control}}
-{{DEFAULTSORT:Maria Antonia Of Austria}}
 [[Category:1669 births]]
 [[Category:1692 deaths]]
@@ Line 93: / Line 104: @@
 [[Category:Daughters of emperors]]
 [[Category:Children of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor]]
+[[Category:Heirs presumptive]]
 [[Category:Daughters of kings]]
+[[Category:Daughters of dukes]]
+[[Category:Noblewomen from the Holy Roman Empire]]

v t e Austrian archduchesses by descent
Generations are numbered by male-line descent from Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor. Later generations are included although Austrian titles of nobility were abolished and outlawed in 1919.
1st generation	Kunigunde, Duchess of Bavaria
2nd generation	Margaret, Duchess of Savoy
3rd generation	Eleanor, Queen of Portugal and France* Isabella, Queen of Denmark and Norway* Maria, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia* Catherine, Queen of Portugal*
4th generation	Maria, Holy Roman Empress* Joanna, Princess of Portugal* Elisabeth, Queen of Poland Anna, Duchess of Bavaria Maria, Duchess of Jülich-Cleves-Berg Magdalena Catherine, Queen of Poland Eleanor, Duchess of Mantua Margaret Barbara, Duchess of Ferrara Helena Joanna, Grand Duchess of Tuscany
5th generation	Isabella Clara Eugenia, Co-sovereign of the Habsburg Netherlands Catalina Micaela, Duchess of Savoy Anna, Queen of Spain Elisabeth, Queen of France Margaret (1567–1633) Maria (1584–1649) Anna, Holy Roman Empress Anna, Queen of Poland Maria Christina, Princess of Transylvania Catherine Renata Gregoria Maximiliana Eleanor (1582–1620) Margaret, Queen of Spain Constance, Queen of Poland Maria Maddalena, Grand Duchess of Tuscany
6th generation	Anna, Queen of France María Maria Anna, Holy Roman Empress Margarita Maria Anna, Electress of Bavaria Cecilia Renata, Queen of Poland Isabella Clara, Duchess of Mantua Maria Leopoldine, Holy Roman Empress
7th generation	Maria Theresa, Queen of France** Margarita Teresa, Holy Roman Empress* Maria Anna, Queen of Spain Eleanor, Queen of Poland, Duchess of Lorraine Maria Anna Josepha, Electoral Princess of the Palatinate Claudia Felicitas, Holy Roman Empress
8th generation	Maria Antonia, Electress of Bavaria Maria Elisabeth Maria Anna, Queen of Portugal Maria Theresa Maria Josepha Maria Magdalena
9th generation	Maria Josepha, Queen of Poland Maria Amalia, Holy Roman Empress Maria Theresa Princess Maria Anna of Lorraine
10th generation	Maria Elisabeth^ Maria Anna^ Maria Carolina^ Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen^ Maria Elisabeth^ Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma^ Johanna^ Maria Josepha^ Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples^ Maria Antonia, Queen of France^
11th generation	Maria Theresa Maria Theresia, Queen of Saxony^ Maria Anna^ Maria Clementina, Duchess of Calabria^ Maria Amalia^ Maria Theresa, Queen of Sardinia# Maria Leopoldine, Electress of Bavaria# Maria Ludovika, Empress of Austria#
12th generation	Marie Louise, Empress of the French Maria Leopoldina, Empress of Brazil Clementina, Princess of Salerno Marie Caroline, Crown Princess of Saxony Maria Anna Maria Luisa^ Maria Theresa, Queen of Sardinia^ Maria Theresa, Queen of the Two Sicilies Maria Caroline Hermine Elisabeth Franziska Marie Henriette, Queen of the Belgians Adelaide, Queen of Sardinia Maria Theresa, Countess of Chambord# Maria Beatrix, Countess of Montizón#
13th generation	Maria Anna Princess Auguste Ferdinande of Bavaria^ Maria Isabella, Countess of Trapani^ Maria Luisa, Princess of Isenburg-Büdingen^ Mathilda Maria Christina, Queen of Spain Maria Dorothea, Duchess of Orléans Margaretha Klementine, Princess of Thurn and Taxis Maria Theresa, Queen of Bavaria#
14th generation	Sophie Princess Gisela of Bavaria Marie Valerie Margarete Sophie, Duchess of Württemberg Maria Annunciata Princess Elisabeth of Liechtenstein Maria Antonietta^ Luise, Crown Princess of Saxony^ Maria Theresa^ Princess Karoline Marie of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha^ Princess Maria Christina of Salm-Salm Princess Maria Anna of Bourbon Parma Maria Henrietta, Princess of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst Princess Isabella of Bavaria Eleonora Renata, Princess Radziwill Mechthildis, Princess Czartoryski
15th generation	Elisabeth Marie, Princess of Windisch-Graetz Helena, Duchess of Württemberg^ Rosa, Duchess of Württemberg^ Dolores^ Maria Inmaculata^ Margarita, Marchioness Taliani di Marchio^ Princess Maria Antonia^ Assunta^ Elisabeth, Countess of Waldburg-Zeil^ Hedwig, Countess of Stolberg-Stolberg^ Margaret, Princess of Monteleone Ilona, Duchess of Mecklenburg
16th generation	Adelheid Charlotte, Duchess of Mecklenburg Princess Elisabeth of Liechtenstein
17th generation	Gabriela Walburga, Countess Douglas Maria-Anna, Princess Piotr Galitzine Sophie, Princess of Windisch-Graetz
18th generation	Eleonore
* also an infanta of Spain ** also an infanta of Spain and Portugal ^ also a princess of Tuscany # also a princess of Modena

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