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{{Short description|Female sibling}}{{About||other uses|Sister (disambiguation)|and|Sisters (disambiguation)}}
{{Short description|Female sibling}}{{About||other uses|Sister (disambiguation)|and|Sisters (disambiguation)}}
[[File:Little Julia tending the baby at home.jpg|thumb|right|Two child sisters, {{Circa|1911}}.]]
[[File:Little Julia tending the baby at home.jpg|thumb|right|Two child sisters, {{Circa|1911}}.]]
[[File:Spencer-sisters.jpg|thumb|right|Three sisters from the Spencer family, {{Circa|1902}}]]
[[File:Spencer-sisters.jpg|thumb|right|Three sisters from the Spencer family, {{Circa|1902}}.]]
[[File:SS. AA. II. As SERmas. Princezas D. Isabel e D. Leopoldina - Litografia (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|[[Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil]] and her sister [[Princess Leopoldina of Brazil|Princess Leopoldina]] riding horses, {{Circa|1868}}.]]
'''sister''' is a [[woman]] or a [[girl]] who shares parents or a parent with another individual; a female [[sibling]].<ref name="Oxford">{{Cite web |title=Definition of sister in English |url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/sister |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524223741/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/sister |archive-date=May 24, 2019 |access-date=2019-05-24 |website=Oxford Dictionaries}}</ref> The male counterpart is a [[brother]]. Although the term typically refers to a [[family|familial]] relationship, it is sometimes used endearingly to refer to non-familial relationships.<ref>Mufwene, Salikoko S. "The pragmatics of kinship terms in Kituba." (1988): 441–454.</ref> A full sister is a [[first degree relative|first-degree relative]].
A '''sister''' is a [[woman]] or a [[girl]] who shares parents or a parent with another individual; a female [[sibling]].<ref name="Oxford">{{Cite web |title=Definition of sister in English |url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/sister |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524223741/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/sister |archive-date=May 24, 2019 |access-date=2019-05-24 |website=Oxford Dictionaries}}</ref> The male counterpart is a [[brother]]. Although the term typically refers to a [[family|familial]] relationship, it is sometimes used endearingly to refer to non-familial relationships.<ref>Mufwene, Salikoko S. "The pragmatics of kinship terms in Kituba." (1988): 441–454.</ref> A full sister is a [[first degree relative|first-degree relative]].


==Overview==
⚫
==Overview So [[English language|English]] word ''sister'' comes from [[Old Norse]] {{Lang|non|systir}} which itself derives from [[Proto-Germanic]] ''*swestēr'', both of which have the same meaning, i.e. sister. Some studies have found that sisters display more traits indicating jealousy around their siblings than their male counterparts, [[brother]]s.<ref>Volling, B. L.; McElwain, N.L.; Miller, A.L. (2002). "Emotion Regulation in Context: The Jealousy Complex between Young Siblings and its Relations with Child and Family Characteristics". Child Development 73 (2): 581–600.</ref> In some cultures, sisters are afforded a role of being under the protection by male siblings, especially older brothers, from issues ranging from bullies or sexual advances by womanizers.<ref>Handbook of Cultural Psychiatry&nbsp;— Page 67, Wen-Shing Tseng&nbsp;– 2001</ref> In some quarters, the term ''sister'' has gradually broadened its colloquial meaning to include individuals stipulating [[kinship]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=van der Burghe|first1=Pierre|title=The Ethnic Phenomenon|date=1987|page=27}}</ref> In response, in order to avoid equivocation, some publishers prefer the usage of ''female sibling'' over ''sister''.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Olshewsky|first1=Thomas|title=Problems in the philosophy of language|date=1969|page=286}}</ref> Males with a [[twin]] sister sometimes view her as their female [[alter ego]], or what they would have been like if they had two X chromosomes.<ref>McCallum, Robyn. "Other Selves: subjectivity and the doppelganger in Australian adolescent fiction. Example of the sister in a sentence "The sisters live in the convent at Lafayette Towers." Writing the Australian child: Texts and contexts in fictions for children (1996): 17–36.</ref> A study in Perth, Australia found that girls having only youngers brothers resulted in a ''chastity effect'': losing their [[virginity]] on average more than a year later than average. This has been hypothesized as being attributed to the pheromones in their brothers' sweat and household-related errands.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pincott |first=Jena E |date=March 20, 2011 |title=Do Brothers Stall Their Sisters' Sex Lives? |url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/au/blog/love-sex-and-babies/201103/do-brothers-stall-their-sisters-sex-lives |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230118011103/https://www.psychologytoday.com/au/blog/love-sex-and-babies/201103/do-brothers-stall-their-sisters-sex-lives |archive-date=18 Jan 2023 |website=Psychology Today}}</ref>==

⚫
The [[English language|English]] word ''sister'' comes from [[Old Norse]] {{Lang|non|systir}} which itself derives from [[Proto-Germanic]] ''*swestēr'', both of which have the same meaning, i.e. sister. Some studies have found that sisters display more traits indicating jealousy around their siblings than their male counterparts, [[brother]]s.<ref>Volling, B. L.; McElwain, N.L.; Miller, A.L. (2002). "Emotion Regulation in Context: The Jealousy Complex between Young Siblings and its Relations with Child and Family Characteristics". Child Development 73 (2): 581–600.</ref> In some cultures, sisters are afforded a role of being under the protection by male siblings, especially older brothers, from issues ranging from bullies or sexual advances by womanizers.<ref>Handbook of Cultural Psychiatry&nbsp;— Page 67, Wen-Shing Tseng&nbsp;– 2001</ref> In some quarters, the term ''sister'' has gradually broadened its colloquial meaning to include individuals stipulating [[kinship]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=van der Burghe|first1=Pierre|title=The Ethnic Phenomenon|date=1987|page=27}}</ref> In response, in order to avoid equivocation, some publishers prefer the usage of ''female sibling'' over ''sister''.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Olshewsky|first1=Thomas|title=Problems in the philosophy of language|date=1969|page=286}}</ref> Males with a [[twin]] sister sometimes view her as their female [[alter ego]], or what they would have been like if they had two X chromosomes.<ref>McCallum, Robyn. "Other Selves: subjectivity and the doppelganger in Australian adolescent fiction. Example of the sister in a sentence "The sisters live in the convent at Lafayette Towers." Writing the Australian child: Texts and contexts in fictions for children (1996): 17–36.</ref> A study in Perth, Australia found that girls having only youngers brothers resulted in a ''chastity effect'': losing their [[virginity]] on average more than a year later than average. This has been hypothesized as being attributed to the pheromones in their brothers' sweat and household-related errands.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pincott |first=Jena E |date=March 20, 2011 |title=Do Brothers Stall Their Sisters' Sex Lives? |url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/au/blog/love-sex-and-babies/201103/do-brothers-stall-their-sisters-sex-lives |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230118011103/https://www.psychologytoday.com/au/blog/love-sex-and-babies/201103/do-brothers-stall-their-sisters-sex-lives |archive-date=18 Jan 2023 |website=Psychology Today}}</ref>


==Sororal relationships==
==Sororal relationships==
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*[[Maude Apatow]] and [[Iris Apatow]], actresses and daughters of [[Judd Apatow]] and [[Leslie Mann]]
*[[Maude Apatow]] and [[Iris Apatow]], actresses and daughters of [[Judd Apatow]] and [[Leslie Mann]]
*[[Rosanna Arquette|Rosanna]], [[Patricia Arquette|Patricia]], and [[Alexis Arquette]], actresses
*[[Rosanna Arquette|Rosanna]], [[Patricia Arquette|Patricia]], and [[Alexis Arquette]], actresses
*[[Cassandra Austen]] and [[Jane Austen]]
*[[Cassandra Austen]], watercolourist and [[Jane Austen]], novelist
*[[Chloe Bailey]] and [[Halle Bailey]], singers, actresses, and members of [[Chloe x Halle]]
*[[Chloe Bailey]] and [[Halle Bailey]], singers, actresses, and members of [[Chloe x Halle]]
*[[Nikki Bella]] and [[Brie Bella]], professional wrestlers and television personalities
*[[Nikki Bella]] and [[Brie Bella]], professional wrestlers and television personalities
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*[[Dixie D'Amelio]] and [[Charli D'Amelio]], social media personalities
*[[Dixie D'Amelio]] and [[Charli D'Amelio]], social media personalities
*[[Poppy Delevingne]] and [[Cara Delevingne]], models and actresses
*[[Poppy Delevingne]] and [[Cara Delevingne]], models and actresses
*[[Niki and Gabi|Nicola and Gabriella DeMartino]], YouTubers, internet personalities, and singers
*[[Emily Deschanel]] and [[Zooey Deschanel]], actresses
*[[Emily Deschanel]] and [[Zooey Deschanel]], actresses
*[[Dionne quintuplets|Emilie, Annette, Marie, Cecile and Yvonne Dionne]], the first quintuplets to survive infancy
*[[Dionne quintuplets|Emilie, Annette, Marie, Cecile and Yvonne Dionne]], the first quintuplets to survive infancy
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*[[Gigi Hadid]] and [[Bella Hadid]], models
*[[Gigi Hadid]] and [[Bella Hadid]], models
*[[Este Haim|Este]], [[Danielle Haim|Danielle]], and [[Alana Haim]], musicians and members of [[Haim (band)|Haim]]
*[[Este Haim|Este]], [[Danielle Haim|Danielle]], and [[Alana Haim]], musicians and members of [[Haim (band)|Haim]]
*[[Kamala Harris]] and [[Maya Harris]], politicians
*[[Kamala Harris]], politician and [[Maya Harris]], lawyer
*[[Paris Hilton]] and [[Nicky Hilton]], socialites, models, daughters of Kathy Hilton, and nieces of Kim and Kyle Richards
*[[Paris Hilton]] and [[Nicky Hilton]], socialites, models, daughters of Kathy Hilton, and nieces of Kim and Kyle Richards
*[[Rebbie Jackson|Rebbie]], [[La Toya Jackson|La Toya]], and [[Janet Jackson]], singers and sisters of [[The Jackson 5]]
*[[Rebbie Jackson|Rebbie]], [[La Toya Jackson|La Toya]], and [[Janet Jackson]], singers and sisters of [[The Jackson 5]]
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*[[Lori Lively|Lori]], [[Robyn Lively|Robyn]], and [[Blake Lively]], actresses
*[[Lori Lively|Lori]], [[Robyn Lively|Robyn]], and [[Blake Lively]], actresses
*[[Mary I of England]] and [[Elizabeth I]], daughters of [[Henry VIII]] and [[Anne Boleyn]]
*[[Mary I of England]] and [[Elizabeth I]], daughters of [[Henry VIII]] and [[Anne Boleyn]]
*[[Lisa and Lena|Lisa and Lena Mantler]], social media personalities
*[[Kate Mara]] and [[Rooney Mara]], actresses
*[[Kate Mara]] and [[Rooney Mara]], actresses
*[[Brooklyn and Bailey McKnight]], YouTubers and social media personalities
*[[Merrell Twins|Veronica and Vanessa Merrell]], YouTubers, actresses, producers, musicians, singers, and songwriters
*[[Aly Michalka]] and [[AJ Michalka]], singers, actresses, and members of [[Aly & AJ]]
*[[Aly Michalka]] and [[AJ Michalka]], singers, actresses, and members of [[Aly & AJ]]
*[[Catherine, Princess of Wales|Kate]] and [[Pippa Middleton]], socialites
*[[Catherine, Princess of Wales|Kate]] and [[Pippa Middleton]], socialites
*[[Savannah Miller]] and [[Sienna Miller]]
*[[Savannah Miller]], fashion designer and [[Sienna Miller]], actress
*[[Kylie Minogue]] and [[Dannii Minogue]], singers and actresses
*[[Kylie Minogue]] and [[Dannii Minogue]], singers and actresses
*[[Tia Mowry]] and [[Tamera Mowry]], actresses
*[[Tia Mowry]] and [[Tamera Mowry]], actresses
*[[Malia and Sasha Obama]], daughters of [[Barack Obama]] and [[Michelle Obama]]
*[[Malia and Sasha Obama]], daughters of [[Barack Obama]] and [[Michelle Obama]]
*[[Mary-Kate Olsen|Mary-Kate]], [[Ashley Olsen|Ashley]], and [[Elizabeth Olsen]], actresses and known as "[[Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen|the Olsen twins]]"
*[[Mary-Kate Olsen|Mary-Kate]], [[Ashley Olsen|Ashley]], and [[Elizabeth Olsen]], actresses and known as "[[Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen|the Olsen twins]]"
⚫
*[[Pier Angeli|Anna Pierangeli]] and [[Marisa Pavan|Maria Pierangeli]], actresses
*[[Vanessa Paradis]] and [[Alysson Paradis]], actresses
*[[Vanessa Paradis]] and [[Alysson Paradis]], actresses
⚫
*[[Pier Angeli|Anna Pierangeli]] and [[Marisa Pavan|Maria Pierangeli]], actresses
*[[Rain Phoenix]], [[Liberty Phoenix]], and [[Summer Phoenix]], actresses
*[[Tegan and Sara|Tegan and Sara Quin]], music duo
*[[Tegan and Sara|Tegan and Sara Quin]], music duo
*[[Kim Richards]], [[Kyle Richards]], and [[Kathy Hilton]], actresses, socialites, and television personalities
*[[Kim Richards]], [[Kyle Richards]], and [[Kathy Hilton]], actresses, socialites, and television personalities
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*''[[In Her Shoes (novel)|In Her Shoes]]'' (2002), by Jennifer Weiner
*''[[In Her Shoes (novel)|In Her Shoes]]'' (2002), by Jennifer Weiner
*''[[The Virgin Suicides]]'' by Jeffrey Eugenides
*''[[The Virgin Suicides]]'' by Jeffrey Eugenides
*''[[Teen Titans]]'' by Bob Haney and Bruno Premiani, DC Comics superhero team which includes alien princess superhero Starfire and one of the supervillains was her older sister Blackfire


===Television===
===Television===
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*''[[Sisters (U.S. TV series)|''Sisters'']]''
*''[[Sisters (U.S. TV series)|''Sisters'']]''
*''[[What I Like About You (TV series)|What I Like About You]]''
*''[[What I Like About You (TV series)|What I Like About You]]''
*''[[Charmed]]''
*''[[Sister, Sister (TV series)|Sister, Sister]]''
*''[[Sister, Sister (TV series)|Sister, Sister]]''
*''[[Little Women (2017 TV series)|Little Women]]''
*''[[Little Women (2017 TV series)|Little Women]]''
*''[[The Powerpuff Girls]]''
*''[[The Powerpuff Girls]]''
*''[[Teen Titans (TV series)|Teen Titans]]'' ([[Blackfire (DC Comics)|Blackfire]] and [[Starfire (Teen Titans)|Starfire]])


===Games===
===Games===

Latest revision as of 05:19, 20 December 2024

For other uses, see Sister (disambiguation) and Sisters (disambiguation).
Two child sisters, c. 1911.
Three sisters from the Spencer family, c. 1902.
Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil and her sister Princess Leopoldina riding horses, c. 1868.

A sister is a woman or a girl who shares parents or a parent with another individual; a female sibling.[1] The male counterpart is a brother. Although the term typically refers to a familial relationship, it is sometimes used endearingly to refer to non-familial relationships.[2] A full sister is a first-degree relative.

Overview

[edit]

The English word sister comes from Old Norse systir which itself derives from Proto-Germanic *swestēr, both of which have the same meaning, i.e. sister. Some studies have found that sisters display more traits indicating jealousy around their siblings than their male counterparts, brothers.[3] In some cultures, sisters are afforded a role of being under the protection by male siblings, especially older brothers, from issues ranging from bullies or sexual advances by womanizers.[4] In some quarters, the term sister has gradually broadened its colloquial meaning to include individuals stipulating kinship.[5] In response, in order to avoid equivocation, some publishers prefer the usage of female sibling over sister.[6] Males with a twin sister sometimes view her as their female alter ego, or what they would have been like if they had two X chromosomes.[7] A study in Perth, Australia found that girls having only youngers brothers resulted in a chastity effect: losing their virginity on average more than a year later than average. This has been hypothesized as being attributed to the pheromones in their brothers' sweat and household-related errands.[8]

Sororal relationships

[edit]

Various studies have shown that older sisters are likely to give a varied gender role to their younger siblings, as well as being more likely to develop a close bond with their younger siblings.[9] Older sisters are more likely to play with their younger siblings.[10] Younger siblings display more needy behavior when near their older sister[11] and are more likely to be tolerant of an older sister's bad behavior.[12] Boys with only one older sister are more likely to display stereotypically male behavior, and such masculine boys increased their masculine behavior with the more sisters they have.[13] The reverse is true for young boys with several sisters, as they tend to be feminine, however, they outgrow this by the time they approach pubescence.[14] Boys with older sisters were less likely to be delinquent or have emotional and behavioral disorders.[15] A younger sister is less likely to be scolded by older siblings than a younger brother.[16] The most common recreational activity between older brother/younger sister pairs is art drawing.[9] Some studies also found a correlation between having an older sister and constructive discussions about safe sexual practices.[17] Some studies have shown that men without sisters are more likely to be ineffectual at courtship and romantic relationships.[18]

Two Sisters by William-Adolphe Bouguereau
Two sisters together near a pond in the evening at Adapur Bihar India


Famous sisters

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Fictional works about sisters

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Films

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Literature

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Television

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Games

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See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Definition of sister in English". Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on May 24, 2019. Retrieved 2019-05-24.
  2. ^ Mufwene, Salikoko S. "The pragmatics of kinship terms in Kituba." (1988): 441–454.
  3. ^ Volling, B. L.; McElwain, N.L.; Miller, A.L. (2002). "Emotion Regulation in Context: The Jealousy Complex between Young Siblings and its Relations with Child and Family Characteristics". Child Development 73 (2): 581–600.
  4. ^ Handbook of Cultural Psychiatry — Page 67, Wen-Shing Tseng – 2001
  5. ^ van der Burghe, Pierre (1987). The Ethnic Phenomenon. p. 27.
  6. ^ Olshewsky, Thomas (1969). Problems in the philosophy of language. p. 286.
  7. ^ McCallum, Robyn. "Other Selves: subjectivity and the doppelganger in Australian adolescent fiction. Example of the sister in a sentence "The sisters live in the convent at Lafayette Towers." Writing the Australian child: Texts and contexts in fictions for children (1996): 17–36.
  8. ^ Pincott, Jena E (March 20, 2011). "Do Brothers Stall Their Sisters' Sex Lives?". Psychology Today. Archived from the original on 18 Jan 2023.
  9. ^ a b Gender — Page 53, Leanne Franklin – 2012
  10. ^ Play from Birth to Twelve: Contexts, Perspectives, and Meanings, Doris Bergen 2015
  11. ^ Sisters and Brothers — Page 78, Judy Dunn – 1985
  12. ^ The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Volume 4, Charles B. Nemeroff, 2002 p 1524
  13. ^ Gender Development — Page 300, Lynn S. Liben – 2009
  14. ^ Gender Development, Sheri A. Berenbaum, 2013
  15. ^ Advances in Child Development and Behavior, Volume 26, p 161, 1996
  16. ^ He & she: how children develop their sex role identity, Wendy Schempp Matthews – 1979 p 162
  17. ^ Handbook of Adolescent Psychology, Contextual Influences on Adolescent Development, Laurence Steinberg, PhD – 2009 p 61
  18. ^ Leventhal, Gerald S. "Influence of brothers and sisters on sex-role behavior." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 16.3 (1970): 452.
[edit]
  • The dictionary definition of sister at Wiktionary
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