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Coordinates: 49°41′56.3″N 18°42′52.12″E / 49.698972°N 18.7144778°E / 49.698972; 18.7144778
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{{for|a village in the Czech Republic|Horní Líštná}}
{{for|a village in the Czech Republic|Horní Líštná}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Leszna Górna
| official_name = Leszna Górna
|nickname =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
|total_type =  
| motto =
|settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = POL Leszna Górna Kościół św. Marcina 4.JPG
|motto =
| imagesize =
|image_skyline = POL Leszna Górna Kościół św. Marcina 4.JPG
| image_caption = Saint Martin church
|imagesize =
| image_flag =
|image_caption = Saint Martin church
| image_seal =
|image_flag =
| image_shield = Leszna.jpg
|image_seal =
| pushpin_map = Poland
|image_shield = Leszna.jpg
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
|pushpin_map = Poland
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|pushpin_label_position = bottom
| subdivision_name = {{POL}}
|pushpin_map_caption =
| subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeship]]
|coordinates_region = PL
| subdivision_name1 = [[Silesian Voivodeship|Silesian]]
|subdivision_type = [[Countries of the World|Country]]
|subdivision_name = [[Poland]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Poland|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Cieszyn County|Cieszyn]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeship]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Gmina]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Silesian Voivodeship|Silesian]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Gmina Goleszów|Goleszów]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Poland|County]]
| leader_title = Mayor
|subdivision_name2 = [[Cieszyn County|Cieszyn]]
| leader_name = Marek Kapustka
|subdivision_type3 = [[Gmina]]
| established_title = First mentioned
|subdivision_name3 = [[Gmina Goleszów|Goleszów]]
| established_date = 1305
|leader_title = Mayor
| unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->
|leader_name = Stanisława Niemiec
| area_footnotes =
|established_title = First mentioned
| area_total_km2 = 9.06
|established_date = 1305
| area_land_km2 =
|unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->
| population_as_of = 2014
|area_footnotes =
| population_footnotes =
|area_total_km2 = 9.06
| population_note =
|area_land_km2 =
| population_total = 540
|population_as_of = 2008
| population_density_km2 = auto
|population_footnotes =
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
|population_note =
| utc_offset = +1
|population_total = 576
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
|population_density_km2 = auto
| utc_offset_DST = +2
|timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| coordinates = {{coord|49|41|56.3|N|18|42|52.12|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}}
|utc_offset = +1
| elevation_footnotes =
|timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| elevation_m =
|utc_offset_DST = +2
| postal_code_type = Postal code
|latd=49 |latm=41 |lats=56.3 |latNS= N
| postal_code = 43-445
|longd=18 |longm=42 |longs=52.12 |longEW= E
| area_code =
|elevation_footnotes =
| blank_name = [[Polish car number plates|Car plates]]
|elevation_m =
| blank_info = SCI
|postal_code_type = Postal code
| website =
|postal_code = 43-445
| footnotes =
|area_code =
|blank_name = [[Polish car number plates|Car plates]]
|blank_info = SCI
|website =
|footnotes =
}}
}}
{{Audio|Pl-Leszna_Górna.ogg|'''Leszna Górna'''}} is a village in [[Gmina Goleszów]], [[Cieszyn County]], [[Silesian Voivodeship]], in southern [[Poland]], on the border with the [[Czech Republic]]. It lies in the [[Silesian Foothills]] and in the historical region of [[Cieszyn Silesia]].


== Etymology ==
{{Audio|Pl-Leszna_Górna.ogg|'''Leszna Górna'''}} ({{lang-de|Ober Lischna}}, {{lang-cs|Horní Líštná}}) is a village in [[Gmina Goleszów]], [[Cieszyn County]], [[Silesian Voivodeship]], in southern [[Poland]], on the border with the [[Czech Republic]]. It has a population of 576 (2008). It lies in the historical region of [[Cieszyn Silesia]].
The name is of topographic origins and is derived from [[hazel]] trees (Polish: ''laska'', ''leszczyna''). In the 15th century to differentiate the village from the sister settlement [[Dolní Líštná]] (Leszna Dolna, then ''Polska Lessczna'') the adjective ''Nemeczska'' (''Niemiecka'' in Polish, lit. ''German'') was used but was later replaced with adjective ''Górna''/''Horní'' (lit. ''Upper''), e.g. ''w Nemeczsky Lessczne'' in 1457 and ''Lessczna Wirhny'' in 1523. Later also a simplification ''Leszczna''→''Leszna'' occurred.<ref name="mrozek">{{cite book | last = Mrózek | first = Robert | title = Nazwy miejscowe dawnego Śląska Cieszyńskiego |trans-title=Local names of former Cieszyn Silesia | publisher = [[University of Silesia in Katowice|Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach]] | year = 1984 | location = Katowice | pages = 104 | language = pl |issn = 0208-6336}}</ref>


== History ==
The village was first mentioned in a written document in 1305. By the end of the 14th century it had a parish church. The original Catholic wooden church changed to a Protestant one during the [[Reformation]]. After the division of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920, the western part of the village was incorporated into [[Czechoslovakia]] and called [[Horní Líštná]].
The village was first mentioned in a Latin document of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Wrocław|Diocese of Wrocław]] called ''[[Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis]]'' from around 1305 as ''item in '''Lesna principis''' XX mansi solventes''.<ref>{{cite book | last = Panic | first = Idzi | author-link = Idzi Panic | title = Śląsk Cieszyński w średniowieczu (do 1528) |trans-title=Cieszyn Silesia in the Middle Ages (until 1528) | publisher = Starostwo Powiatowe w Cieszynie | year = 2010 | location = Cieszyn | page = 331 | language = pl |isbn = 978-83-926929-3-5 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |first=Wilhelm |last=Schulte |author-link=Wilhelm Schulte |title=Codex Diplomaticus Silesiae T.14 Liber Fundationis Episcopatus Vratislaviensis|journal=Pan Biblioteka Kórnicka |place=Breslau |year=1889 |url= http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=19747&from=publication | language = de}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.dokumentyslaska.pl/cds%2014/liber.html|title=Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis |access-date=13 July 2014|language=la}}</ref> It meant that the village was obliged to pay a [[tithe]] from 20 [[Łan|smaller lans]], and also that it belonged to dukes of [[Cieszyn]] as opposed to the sister settlement of ''[[Dolní Líštná|Lesna Snessonis]]'' mentioned in the same document, which was a private village. The creation of both villages was a part of a larger settlement campaign taking place in the late 13th century on the territory of what will be later known as [[Upper Silesia]].


The village became a seat of a Catholic [[parish]], first mentioned in an incomplete register of [[Peter's Pence]] payment from 1335 as ''Lezna''<ref>{{cite book |first=Jan |last=Ptaśnik |author-link=Jan Ptaśnik |title=Monumenta Poloniae Vaticana T.1 Acta Camerae Apostolicae. Vol. 1, 1207-1344|publisher= Sumpt. Academiae Litterarum Cracoviensis|place=Cracoviae |year=1913 | pages = 366| url= http://www.kpbc.ukw.edu.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=23551&from=&dirids=1&ver_id=&lp=4&QI=51AD482DA2B36ED801EE899F17FA474F-1}}</ref> and as such being one of the oldest in the region. It was again mentioned in the register of Peter's Pence payment from 1447 among 50 parishes of Teschen [[deanery]] as ''Lesna''.<ref>{{cite journal |title= Registrum denarii sancti Petri in archidiaconatu Opoliensi sub anno domini MCCCCXLVII per dominum Nicolaum Wolff decretorum doctorem, archidiaconum Opoliensem, ex commissione reverendi in Christo patris ac domini Conradi episcopi Wratislaviensis, sedis apostolice collectoris, collecti|journal= Zeitschrift des Vereins für Geschichte und Alterthum Schlesiens|publisher= H. Markgraf|publication-place=Breslau|volume= 27|year = 1893|pages= 361–372|url = http://www.sbc.org.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=15085&from=publication| access-date=21 July 2014|language=de}}</ref>
An important landmark in the village is the late [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] Church of [[Martin of Tours|Saint Martin]] built between 1719 and 1731.

After the 1540s [[Protestant Reformation]] prevailed in the Duchy of Teschen and a local Catholic wooden church was taken over by [[Lutheranism|Lutherans]]. It was taken from them (as one from around fifty buildings) in the region by a special commission and given back to the [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic Church]] on 21 March 1654.<ref>{{cite book | last = Broda | first = Jan | chapter= Materiały do dziejów Kościoła ewangelickiego w Księstwie Cieszyńskim i Państwie Pszczyńskim w XVI i XVII wieku | title = Z historii Kościoła ewangelickiego na Śląsku Cieszyńskim | publisher = Dom Wydawniczy i Księgarski „Didache“ | year = 1992 | location = Katowice | pages = 259–260 | language = pl |isbn = 83-85572-00-7}}</ref> It is now served by the late [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] Church of [[Martin of Tours|Saint Martin]] built between 1719 and 1731, an important landmark in the village.

Politically the village belonged initially to the [[Duchy of Teschen]], formed in 1290 in the process of [[History of Poland#Fragmentation|feudal fragmentation of Poland]] and was ruled by a local branch of [[Piast dynasty]]. In 1327 the duchy became a [[Fee (feudal tenure)|fee]] of the [[Kingdom of Bohemia]], which after 1526 became part of the [[Habsburg monarchy]].

After [[Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire]] a modern [[municipality|municipal division]] was introduced in the re-established [[Austrian Silesia]]. The village as a municipality was subscribed to the [[Districts of Austria|political]] and [[legal district]] of [[Cieszyn]]. According to the censuses conducted in 1880, 1890, 1900 and 1910 the population of the municipality grew from 744 in 1880 to 870 in 1910 with a majority being native Polish-speakers (99.2%-100%) accompanied by a small German-speaking minority (at most 12 or 1.3% in 1880) and occasionally 1 Czech-speaking person. In terms of religion in 1910 the majority were [[Protestants]] (64.8%), followed by [[Roman Catholics]] (34.6%) and [[Jews]] (5 people).<ref>{{cite book | last = Piątkowski | first = Kazimierz | title = Stosunki narodowościowe w Księstwie Cieszyńskiem | publisher = Macierz Szkolna Księstwa Cieszyńskiego | year = 1918 | location = Cieszyn | pages = 263, 281 | language = pl |url = http://obc.opole.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=1076 }}</ref> The village was also traditionally inhabited by [[Cieszyn Vlachs]], speaking [[Cieszyn Silesian dialect]].

After [[World War I]], fall of [[Austria-Hungary]], [[Polish–Czechoslovak War]] and the division of [[Cieszyn Silesia]] in 1920, it became a part of [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]], and also the western part of the village was incorporated into [[Czechoslovakia]] and called [[Horní Líštná]].. It was then [[Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany|annexed]] by [[Nazi Germany]] at the beginning of [[World War II]]. After the war it was restored to [[Poland]].


== People ==
== People ==
* [[Józef Kożdoń]], politician
* [[Józef Kożdoń]], politician
* [[Paweł Musioł]], educator and activist
* [[Paweł Musioł]], educator and activist

== References ==
{{reflist}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
* {{pl icon}} [http://www.goleszow.pl/leszna-gorna Description at the Gmina Goleszów website]
* {{in lang|pl}} [http://www.goleszow.pl/leszna-gorna Description at the Gmina Goleszów website]


{{commonscat|Leszna Górna}}
{{commons category|Leszna Górna}}
{{Gmina Goleszów}}
{{Gmina Goleszów}}
{{Cieszyn Silesia}}
{{Cieszyn Silesia}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Leszna Gorna}}
[[Category:Villages in Cieszyn County]]
[[Category:Villages in Cieszyn County]]
[[Category:Czech Republic – Poland border crossings]]
[[Category:Cieszyn Silesia]]
[[Category:Czech Republic–Poland border crossings]]

{{Cieszyn-geo-stub}}

[[pl:Leszna Górna]]

Latest revision as of 07:16, 20 December 2024

For a village in the Czech Republic, see Horní Líštná.
Leszna Górna
Village
Saint Martin church
Saint Martin church
Coat of arms of Leszna Górna
Coat of arms
Leszna Górna is located in Poland
Leszna Górna
Leszna Górna
Coordinates: 49°41′56.3″N 18°42′52.12″E / 49.698972°N 18.7144778°E / 49.698972; 18.7144778
Country Poland
VoivodeshipSilesian
CountyCieszyn
GminaGoleszów
First mentioned1305
Government
 • MayorMarek Kapustka
Area
 • Total
9.06 km2 (3.50 sq mi)
Population
 (2014)
 • Total
540
 • Density60/km2 (150/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
43-445
Car platesSCI

Leszna Górnaⓘ is a village in Gmina Goleszów, Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland, on the border with the Czech Republic. It lies in the Silesian Foothills and in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.

Etymology

[edit]

The name is of topographic origins and is derived from hazel trees (Polish: laska, leszczyna). In the 15th century to differentiate the village from the sister settlement Dolní Líštná (Leszna Dolna, then Polska Lessczna) the adjective Nemeczska (Niemiecka in Polish, lit. German) was used but was later replaced with adjective Górna/Horní (lit. Upper), e.g. w Nemeczsky Lessczne in 1457 and Lessczna Wirhny in 1523. Later also a simplification Leszczna→Leszna occurred.[1]

History

[edit]

The village was first mentioned in a Latin document of Diocese of Wrocław called Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis from around 1305 as item in Lesna principis XX mansi solventes.[2][3][4] It meant that the village was obliged to pay a tithe from 20 smaller lans, and also that it belonged to dukes of Cieszyn as opposed to the sister settlement of Lesna Snessonis mentioned in the same document, which was a private village. The creation of both villages was a part of a larger settlement campaign taking place in the late 13th century on the territory of what will be later known as Upper Silesia.

The village became a seat of a Catholic parish, first mentioned in an incomplete register of Peter's Pence payment from 1335 as Lezna[5] and as such being one of the oldest in the region. It was again mentioned in the register of Peter's Pence payment from 1447 among 50 parishes of Teschen deanery as Lesna.[6]

After the 1540s Protestant Reformation prevailed in the Duchy of Teschen and a local Catholic wooden church was taken over by Lutherans. It was taken from them (as one from around fifty buildings) in the region by a special commission and given back to the Roman Catholic Church on 21 March 1654.[7] It is now served by the late Baroque Church of Saint Martin built between 1719 and 1731, an important landmark in the village.

Politically the village belonged initially to the Duchy of Teschen, formed in 1290 in the process of feudal fragmentation of Poland and was ruled by a local branch of Piast dynasty. In 1327 the duchy became a fee of the Kingdom of Bohemia, which after 1526 became part of the Habsburg monarchy.

After Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire a modern municipal division was introduced in the re-established Austrian Silesia. The village as a municipality was subscribed to the political and legal district of Cieszyn. According to the censuses conducted in 1880, 1890, 1900 and 1910 the population of the municipality grew from 744 in 1880 to 870 in 1910 with a majority being native Polish-speakers (99.2%-100%) accompanied by a small German-speaking minority (at most 12 or 1.3% in 1880) and occasionally 1 Czech-speaking person. In terms of religion in 1910 the majority were Protestants (64.8%), followed by Roman Catholics (34.6%) and Jews (5 people).[8] The village was also traditionally inhabited by Cieszyn Vlachs, speaking Cieszyn Silesian dialect.

After World War I, fall of Austria-Hungary, Polish–Czechoslovak War and the division of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920, it became a part of Poland, and also the western part of the village was incorporated into Czechoslovakia and called Horní Líštná.. It was then annexed by Nazi Germany at the beginning of World War II. After the war it was restored to Poland.

People

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Mrózek, Robert (1984). Nazwy miejscowe dawnego Śląska Cieszyńskiego [Local names of former Cieszyn Silesia] (in Polish). Katowice: Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach. p. 104. ISSN 0208-6336.
  2. ^ Panic, Idzi (2010). Śląsk Cieszyński w średniowieczu (do 1528) [Cieszyn Silesia in the Middle Ages (until 1528)] (in Polish). Cieszyn: Starostwo Powiatowe w Cieszynie. p. 331. ISBN 978-83-926929-3-5.
  3. ^ Schulte, Wilhelm (1889). "Codex Diplomaticus Silesiae T.14 Liber Fundationis Episcopatus Vratislaviensis". Pan Biblioteka Kórnicka (in German). Breslau.
  4. ^ "Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis" (in Latin). Retrieved 13 July 2014.
  5. ^ Ptaśnik, Jan (1913). Monumenta Poloniae Vaticana T.1 Acta Camerae Apostolicae. Vol. 1, 1207-1344. Cracoviae: Sumpt. Academiae Litterarum Cracoviensis. p. 366.
  6. ^ "Registrum denarii sancti Petri in archidiaconatu Opoliensi sub anno domini MCCCCXLVII per dominum Nicolaum Wolff decretorum doctorem, archidiaconum Opoliensem, ex commissione reverendi in Christo patris ac domini Conradi episcopi Wratislaviensis, sedis apostolice collectoris, collecti". Zeitschrift des Vereins für Geschichte und Alterthum Schlesiens (in German). 27. Breslau: H. Markgraf: 361–372. 1893. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
  7. ^ Broda, Jan (1992). "Materiały do dziejów Kościoła ewangelickiego w Księstwie Cieszyńskim i Państwie Pszczyńskim w XVI i XVII wieku". Z historii Kościoła ewangelickiego na Śląsku Cieszyńskim (in Polish). Katowice: Dom Wydawniczy i Księgarski „Didache“. pp. 259–260. ISBN 83-85572-00-7.
  8. ^ Piątkowski, Kazimierz (1918). Stosunki narodowościowe w Księstwie Cieszyńskiem (in Polish). Cieszyn: Macierz Szkolna Księstwa Cieszyńskiego. pp. 263, 281.
[edit]
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