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{{Short description|German general (1888-1962)}}
{{refimprove|date=December 2015}}
{{refimprove|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox military person
{{Infobox military person
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|birth_date={{Birth date|1888|11|11|df=y}}
|birth_date={{Birth date|1888|11|11|df=y}}
|death_date={{Death date and age|1962|01|01|1888|11|11|df=y}}
|death_date={{Death date and age|1962|01|01|1888|11|11|df=y}}
|birth_place=[[Metz]], [[Elsass-Lothringen]], [[German Empire]]
|birth_place=[[Metz]], [[Elsass-Lothringen]], [[German Empire|Germany]]
|death_place=[[Heidelberg]], [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[West Germany]]
|death_place=[[Heidelberg]], [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[West Germany]]
|image=File:Hans von Salmuth.jpg
|image=File:Hans von Salmuth.jpg
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|caption=
|caption=
|nickname=
|nickname=
|allegiance={{flag|German Empire}} <br />{{flag|Weimar Republic}}<br/>{{flag|Nazi Germany}}
|allegiance=Germany
|branch=[[German Army (Wehrmacht)|Army]]
|branch=[[German Army (Wehrmacht)|Army]]
|serviceyears=1907–45
|serviceyears=1907–45
|rank=[[File:Generaloberst (Wehrmacht) 8.svg|40px]] [[Generaloberst]]
|rank=[[File:Generaloberst (Wehrmacht) 8.svg|25px]] [[Generaloberst]]
|commands=
|commands=
|unit=Heeresgruppe B
|unit=Heeresgruppe B
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|laterwork=}}


'''Hans Eberhard Kurt Freiherr von Salmuth''' (11 November 1888 – 1 January 1962) was a [[Nazi Germany|German]] general and [[war criminal]] during [[World War II]]. Salmuth commanded several armies on the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]], and the [[15th Army (Wehrmacht)|Fifteenth Army]] in [[France]] during the [[Normandy Landings|D-Day invasion]]. Following the war, he was tried in the [[High Command Trial]], as part of the [[Subsequent Nuremberg Trials]]. He was found guilty of war crimes and [[crimes against humanity]] and sentenced to 20 years. He was released in 1953.
'''Hans Eberhard Kurt Freiherr von Salmuth''' (11 November 1888 – 1 January 1962) was a German general of the ''[[Wehrmacht]]'' during [[World War II]]. Salmuth commanded several armies on the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]], and the [[15th Army (Wehrmacht)|Fifteenth Army]] in [[France]] during the [[Normandy Landings|D-Day invasion]]. Following the war, he was tried in the [[High Command Trial]], as part of the [[Subsequent Nuremberg Trials]]. He was found guilty of war crimes and [[crimes against humanity]] and sentenced to 20 years. He was released in 1953.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.casemateuk.com/blog/2019/05/31/countdown-to-d-day-von-salmuth/ | title=Countdown to D-Day: Von Salmuth - Casemate UK Books Blog | date=31 May 2019 }}</ref>


==World War II==
==World War II==
Hans von Salmuth, son of Oberstleutnant Friedrich Ernst Werner Anton Freiherr von Salmuth (1853–1926), joined the [[Prussian Army]] in 1907 and served in the [[German Army (German Empire)|German Army]] in [[World War I]]. Salmuth remained in the army and served as [[Chief of staff (military)|chief of staff]] of II Corps from 1934 to 1937. He was assigned as chief of staff to the First Army Group Command. In 1938 he was transferred as Chief of Staff to the [[2nd Army (Wehrmacht)|Second Army]]. In 1939 he was Chief of Staff for Army Group North, commanded by General [[Fedor von Bock]], during the [[Invasion of Poland (1939)|invasion of Poland]]. Salmuth continued as Chief of Staff to Bock, when the latter was given command of [[Army Group B]] for the [[Battle of France|invasion of Belgium and France]], in May 1940. In July 1940 Salmuth was awarded the [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross]]. On 1 August 1940, he was promoted to lieutenant-general.
Hans von Salmuth, son of Oberstleutnant Friedrich Ernst Werner Anton Freiherr von Salmuth (1853–1926), joined the [[Prussian Army]] in 1907 and served in the [[German Army (German Empire)|German Army]] in [[World War I]]. Salmuth remained in the army and served as [[Chief of staff (military)|chief of staff]] of II Corps from 1934 to 1937. He was assigned as chief of staff to the First Army Group Command. In 1938 he was transferred as Chief of Staff to the [[2nd Army (Wehrmacht)|Second Army]]. In 1939 he was Chief of Staff for Army Group North, commanded by General [[Fedor von Bock]], during the [[Invasion of Poland (1939)|invasion of Poland]]. Salmuth continued as Chief of Staff to Bock, when the latter was given command of [[Army Group B]] for the [[Battle of France|invasion of Belgium and France]], in May 1940. In July 1940 Salmuth was awarded the [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross]]. On 1 August 1940, he was promoted to lieutenant-general.


In 1941, Salmuth was assigned to the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]] and given command of XXX Corps. He participated in [[Operation Barbarossa]] and took part in the [[Battle of Sevastopol]]. As all German corps on the Eastern Front, Salmuth's corps implemented the criminal [[Commissar Order]].{{sfn|Stahel|2015|p=28}} In 1942, he was made acting commander of the Seventeenth Army (20 April 1942 to 1 June 1942). For a short time, 6 June 1942 to 15 July 1942, he was assigned to command the [[4th Army (Wehrmacht)|Fourth Army]], replacing the former commander, [[Gotthard Heinrici]], who went on leave. In mid-July 1942 he was given command of the [[2nd Army (Wehrmacht)|Second Army]].
In 1941, Salmuth was assigned to the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]] and given command of [[XXX Army Corps (Wehrmacht)|XXX Corps]]. He participated in [[Operation Barbarossa]] and took part in the [[Battle of Sevastopol]]. As all German corps on the Eastern Front, Salmuth's corps implemented the criminal [[Commissar Order]].{{sfn|Stahel|2015|p=28}} In 1942, he was made acting commander of the Seventeenth Army (20 April 1942 to 1 June 1942). For a short time, 6 June 1942 to 15 July 1942, he was assigned to command the [[4th Army (Wehrmacht)|Fourth Army]], replacing the former commander, [[Gotthard Heinrici]], who went on leave. In mid-July 1942 he was given command of the [[2nd Army (Wehrmacht)|Second Army]].


In January 1943 Salmuth was promoted to [[Generaloberst]], the second highest German officer rank in the [[Wehrmacht]]. At that time, he was faced with the Soviet [[Battle of Voronezh (1943)|Voronezh-Kastornensk Operation]], in which the Second Army was almost destroyed. On 3 February 1943, he was given command of the Fourth Army until July 1943. In August 1943, Salmuth was reassigned to command the [[15th Army (Wehrmacht)|Fifteenth Army]] stationed at [[Pas-de-Calais]], France. Salmuth was relieved of his command, in late August 1944, following the disintegration of the German front line, after the Allied breakout from Normandy ([[Operation Cobra]]), receiving no further command.
In January 1943 Salmuth was promoted to [[Generaloberst]], the second highest German officer rank in the [[Wehrmacht]]. At that time, he was faced with the Soviet [[Battle of Voronezh (1943)|Voronezh-Kastornensk Operation]], in which the Second Army was almost destroyed. On 3 February 1943, he was given command of the Fourth Army until July 1943. In August 1943, Salmuth was reassigned to command the [[15th Army (Wehrmacht)|Fifteenth Army]] stationed at [[Pas-de-Calais]], France. Salmuth was relieved of his command, in late August 1944, following the disintegration of the German front line, after the Allied breakout from Normandy ([[Operation Cobra]]), receiving no further command.


==Trial and conviction==
==Trial and conviction==
Salmuth was tried in the [[High Command Trial]], as part of the [[Subsequent Nuremberg Trials]]. Salmuth was found guilty of [[war crimes]] and [[crimes against humanity]], including [[German mistreatment of Soviet prisoners of war|murder and mis-treatment of Soviet prisoners of war]], and of murder, deportation, and hostage-taking of civilians in occupied countries. He was sentenced to 20 years imprisonment. His sentence was reviewed in 1951, commuted to 12 years and backdated to June 1945. Salmuth was released in 1953.{{sfn|Hebert|2010|pp=209, 218}}
Salmuth was tried in the [[High Command Trial]], as part of the [[Subsequent Nuremberg Trials]]. Salmuth was found guilty of [[war crimes]] and [[crimes against humanity]], including [[German mistreatment of Soviet prisoners of war|murder and mis-treatment of Soviet prisoners of war]], and of murder, deportation, and hostage-taking of civilians in occupied countries. He was sentenced to 20 years imprisonment. His sentence was reviewed in 1951, commuted to 12 years and backdated to June 1945. Salmuth was released in July 1953.{{sfn|Hébert|2010|pp=209, 218}} He died in 1962.

Hans von Salmuth died in 1962.


==Service record==
==Service record==
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* Fourth Army - 6 June 1942 - 15 July 1942
* Fourth Army - 6 June 1942 - 15 July 1942
* Second Army - 15 July 1942 - 3 February 1943
* Second Army - 15 July 1942 - 3 February 1943
* Fourth Army - [[circa|c.]] June 1943 - 31 July 1943
* Fourth Army - [[Wiktionary:circa|c.]] June 1943 - 31 July 1943
* Fifteenth Army - 1 August 1943 - 25 August 1944
* Fifteenth Army - 1 August 1943 - 25 August 1944


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|publisher=[[University Press of Kansas]]
|publisher=[[University Press of Kansas]]
|isbn=978-0-7006-1698-5
|isbn=978-0-7006-1698-5
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}}
|ref=harv
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}}
* {{Cite book
* {{Cite book
|last=Scherzer
|last=Scherzer
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|publisher=Cambridge University Press
|publisher=Cambridge University Press
|isbn=978-1-107-08760-6
|isbn=978-1-107-08760-6
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}}
|ref=harv
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}}
{{Refend}}
{{Refend}}


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| date = 1948
| date = 1948
| access-date = 30 May 2016
| access-date = 30 May 2016
| ref = harv
}}
}}
{{S-start}}
{{S-start}}
{{S-mil}}
{{S-mil}}
{{succession box|
before=Generalleutnant [[Eugen Ott (general)|Eugen Ott]]|
after=General der Artillerie [[Maximilian Fretter-Pico]]|
title=Commander of [[XXX Army Corps (Wehrmacht)|XXX. Armeekorps]]|
years=May 10, 1941 – December 27, 1941
}}
{{Succession box|
{{Succession box|
before=Generaloberst [[Hermann Hoth]]|
before=Generaloberst [[Hermann Hoth]]|
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{{Succession box|
{{Succession box|
before=General [[Maximilian von Weichs|Maximilian Reichsfreiherr von Weichs]]|
before=General [[Maximilian von Weichs|Maximilian Reichsfreiherr von Weichs]]|
after=General [[Walter Weiss]]|
after=General [[Walter Weiß]]|
title= Commander of [[2nd Army (Wehrmacht)|2. Armee]]|
title= Commander of [[2nd Army (Wehrmacht)|2. Armee]]|
years=July 14, 1942 - February 3, 1943
years=July 14, 1942 - February 3, 1943
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{{Subject bar
{{Subject bar
| portal1=Biography
| portal1=Biography
| portal2=Military of Germany
| portal3=World War I
| portal4=World War II
}}
}}


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[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1962 deaths]]
[[Category:1962 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Metz]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Metz]]
[[Category:People from Alsace-Lorraine]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Alsace-Lorraine]]
[[Category:German untitled nobility]]
[[Category:German untitled nobility]]
[[Category:German military personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:German Army personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:German Army generals of World War II]]
[[Category:Colonel generals of the German Army (Wehrmacht)]]
[[Category:Colonel generals of the German Army (Wehrmacht)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross]]
[[Category:Recipients of the clasp to the Iron Cross, 1st class]]
[[Category:Recipients of the clasp to the Iron Cross, 1st class]]
[[Category:German people convicted of war crimes]]
[[Category:German people convicted of crimes against humanity]]
[[Category:German people convicted of crimes against humanity]]
[[Category:People convicted by the United States Nuremberg Military Tribunals]]
[[Category:People convicted by the United States Nuremberg Military Tribunals]]
[[Category:Nazi war criminals released early from prison]]
[[Category:Operation Overlord people]]
[[Category:Reichswehr personnel]]
[[Category:Reichswehr personnel]]

Latest revision as of 08:26, 20 December 2024

Hans Eberhard Kurt von Salmuth
Born(1888-11-11)11 November 1888
Metz, Elsass-Lothringen, Germany
Died1 January 1962(1962-01-01) (aged 73)
Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany
AllegianceGermany
Service / branchArmy
Years of service1907–45
Rank Generaloberst
UnitHeeresgruppe B
Battles / warsWorld War I
World War II
AwardsKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross

Hans Eberhard Kurt Freiherr von Salmuth (11 November 1888 – 1 January 1962) was a German general of the Wehrmacht during World War II. Salmuth commanded several armies on the Eastern Front, and the Fifteenth Army in France during the D-Day invasion. Following the war, he was tried in the High Command Trial, as part of the Subsequent Nuremberg Trials. He was found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity and sentenced to 20 years. He was released in 1953.[1]

World War II

[edit]

Hans von Salmuth, son of Oberstleutnant Friedrich Ernst Werner Anton Freiherr von Salmuth (1853–1926), joined the Prussian Army in 1907 and served in the German Army in World War I. Salmuth remained in the army and served as chief of staff of II Corps from 1934 to 1937. He was assigned as chief of staff to the First Army Group Command. In 1938 he was transferred as Chief of Staff to the Second Army. In 1939 he was Chief of Staff for Army Group North, commanded by General Fedor von Bock, during the invasion of Poland. Salmuth continued as Chief of Staff to Bock, when the latter was given command of Army Group B for the invasion of Belgium and France, in May 1940. In July 1940 Salmuth was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. On 1 August 1940, he was promoted to lieutenant-general.

In 1941, Salmuth was assigned to the Eastern Front and given command of XXX Corps. He participated in Operation Barbarossa and took part in the Battle of Sevastopol. As all German corps on the Eastern Front, Salmuth's corps implemented the criminal Commissar Order.[2] In 1942, he was made acting commander of the Seventeenth Army (20 April 1942 to 1 June 1942). For a short time, 6 June 1942 to 15 July 1942, he was assigned to command the Fourth Army, replacing the former commander, Gotthard Heinrici, who went on leave. In mid-July 1942 he was given command of the Second Army.

In January 1943 Salmuth was promoted to Generaloberst, the second highest German officer rank in the Wehrmacht. At that time, he was faced with the Soviet Voronezh-Kastornensk Operation, in which the Second Army was almost destroyed. On 3 February 1943, he was given command of the Fourth Army until July 1943. In August 1943, Salmuth was reassigned to command the Fifteenth Army stationed at Pas-de-Calais, France. Salmuth was relieved of his command, in late August 1944, following the disintegration of the German front line, after the Allied breakout from Normandy (Operation Cobra), receiving no further command.

Trial and conviction

[edit]

Salmuth was tried in the High Command Trial, as part of the Subsequent Nuremberg Trials. Salmuth was found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity, including murder and mis-treatment of Soviet prisoners of war, and of murder, deportation, and hostage-taking of civilians in occupied countries. He was sentenced to 20 years imprisonment. His sentence was reviewed in 1951, commuted to 12 years and backdated to June 1945. Salmuth was released in July 1953.[3] He died in 1962.

Service record

[edit]
Commissions
  • XXX Corps - 10 May 1941 - 27 December 1941
  • Seventeenth Army - 20 April 1942 - 1 June 1942
  • Fourth Army - 6 June 1942 - 15 July 1942
  • Second Army - 15 July 1942 - 3 February 1943
  • Fourth Army - c. June 1943 - 31 July 1943
  • Fifteenth Army - 1 August 1943 - 25 August 1944
Awards

References

[edit]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ "Countdown to D-Day: Von Salmuth - Casemate UK Books Blog". 31 May 2019.
  2. ^ Stahel 2015, p. 28.
  3. ^ Hébert 2010, pp. 209, 218.
  4. ^ Scherzer 2007, p. 649.

Bibliography

[edit]
[edit]
Military offices
Preceded by
Generalleutnant Eugen Ott
 Commander of XXX. Armeekorps
May 10, 1941 – December 27, 1941 		Succeeded by
General der Artillerie Maximilian Fretter-Pico
Preceded by
Generaloberst Hermann Hoth
 Commander of 17. Armee
April 20, 1942 – May 31, 1942 		Succeeded by
Generaloberst Richard Ruoff
Preceded by
Generaloberst Gotthard Heinrici
 Commander of 4. Armee
June 6, 1942 - July 15, 1942 		Succeeded by
Generaloberst Gotthard Heinrici
Preceded by Commander of 2. Armee
July 14, 1942 - February 3, 1943 		Succeeded by
General Walter Weiß
Preceded by
Generaloberst Gotthard Heinrici
 Commander of 4. Armee
June 1943 - July 31, 1943 		Succeeded by
Generaloberst Gotthard Heinrici
Preceded by
General Heinrich von Vietinghoff gennant Scheel
 Commander of 15. Armee
August 8, 1943 - August 24, 1944 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Hans_von_Salmuth&oldid=1264076224"