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{{Short description|Austrian Jewish pacifist and publicist (1864–1921)}}
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[[File:Alfred Hermann Fried nobel.jpg|thumb|Alfred Herrmann Fried.]]
{{Infobox journalist
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'''Alfred Hermann Fried''' (11 November 1864 – 5 May 1921) was an [[Austria]]n [[Jew]]ish [[pacifist]], publicist, journalist, co-founder of the German peace movement, and winner (with [[Tobias Asser]]) of the [[Nobel Prize for Peace]] in 1911.
| name = Alfred Hermann Fried
⚫
| image = Alfred Hermann Fried nobel.jpg
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1864|11|11}}
| birth_place = Vienna, [[Austrian Empire]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1921|5|5|1864|11|11}}
| death_place = Vienna, [[First Austrian Republic|Austria]]
⚫
}}
[[File:Feuerhalle Simmering - Arkadenhof - Alfred Hermann Fried, 2016.jpg|thumb|[[Feuerhalle Simmering]], grave of Alfred Hermann Fried]]
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'''Alfred Hermann Fried''' ({{IPA|de|ˈʔalfʁeːt ˈhɛʁman ˈfʁiːt}}; 11 November 1864 – 4 May 1921) was an Austrian Jewish [[pacifist]], publicist, journalist, co-founder of the German peace movement, and winner (with [[Tobias Asser]]) of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] in 1911. Fried was also a supporter of [[Esperanto]]. He is the author of an Esperanto textbook and an Esperanto-German and German-Esperanto dictionary, first published in 1903 and republished in 1905.<ref name=":0" />


== Life ==
== Life ==
{{expand section|date=October 2018}}
Born in [[Vienna]], [[Austria-Hungary]], Fried left school at the age of 15 and started to work in a bookshop. In 1883 he moved to [[Berlin]], where he opened a bookshop of his own in 1887. Following the publication by [[Bertha von Suttner]] of ''[[Die Waffen nieder]]!'' (''Lay Down Your Arms'') in 1889, he and von Suttner began in 1892 to print a magazine of the same name. In articles published within ''Die Waffen nieder!'' and its successor, ''[[Die Friedenswarte]]'' (''The Peace Watch''), he articulated his pacifist philosophy.
Born in Vienna, [[Austrian Empire]], to a Hungarian-Jewish family, Fried left school at the age of 15 and started to work in a bookshop. In 1883, he moved to Berlin, where he opened a bookshop of his own in 1887. Following the publication by [[Bertha von Suttner]] of ''[[Die Waffen nieder]]!'' (''Lay Down Your Arms'') in 1889, he and von Suttner began in 1892 to print a magazine of the same name. In articles published within ''Die Waffen nieder!'' and its successor, ''[[Die Friedenswarte]]'' (''The Peace Watch''), he articulated his pacifist philosophy.

⚫
In 1892 he was a co-founder of the German Peace Society ([[Deutsche Friedensgesellschaft]]). He was one of the fathers of the idea of a modern organisation to assure worldwide peace (the principal idea was developed in the [[League of Nations]] and after the Second World War in the [[United Nations|UN]]).

⚫
Fried was a prominent member of the [[Esperanto in Austria|Esperanto movement]]. In 1903 he published the book ''Lehrbuch der internationalen Hilfssprache Esperanto'' (''Textbook of the International Language Esperanto'').<ref name=":0" />

In 1909 he collaborated with [[Paul Otlet]] and [[Henri La Fontaine]] of the [[Union of International Associations|Central Office of International Associations]] in the preparation of the ''Annuaire de la Vie Internationale''.<ref name="WELIS">{{cite book |last1=Rayward |first1=W. Boyd |title=World Encyclopedia of Library and Information Services |date=1993 |publisher=American Library Association |isbn=9780838906095 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HSFu99FCJwQC&q=%22Central+Office+of+International+Associations%22&pg=PA643 |access-date=4 November 2018 |language=en}}</ref>


In 1911 he received the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] together with [[Tobias Asser]].
⚫
In 1892 he was a co-founder of the German Peace Society ([[Deutsche Friedensgesellschaft]]). He was one of the fathers of the idea of a modern organisation to assure worldwide peace (the principal idea was fulfilled in the [[League of Nations]] and after the [[Second World War]] in the [[United Nations|UN]]).


During World War I, Fried moved to neutral Switzerland, and continued to advocate [[world peace|international peace]]. He died in his hometown, Vienna, in 1921.<ref name="Henriksson1938">{{cite book|author=Fritz Henriksson|title=The Nobel prizes and their founder, Alfred Nobel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AbVRAAAAMAAJ|year=1938|publisher=Printed by A. Bonniers boktryckeri|page=28}}</ref> His ashes are buried at [[Feuerhalle Simmering]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/alfred-fried|title = Alfred Fried}}</ref>
⚫
Fried was a prominent member of the [[Esperanto]]-movement. In 1903 he published the book ''Lehrbuch der internationalen Hilfssprache Esperanto'' (''Textbook of the International Language of Esperanto''). In 1911 he received the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] together with [[Tobias Asser]]. During the [[First World War]] he lived in [[Switzerland]] and died in Vienna in 1921.


== Work ==
== Work ==
*Das Abrüstungs-Problem: Eine Untersuchung. Berlin, Gutman, 1904.
*Das Abrüstungs-Problem: Eine Untersuchung. Berlin, Gutman, 1904.
*Abschied von Wien – [http://www.literature.at/elib/www/wiki/index.php/Abschied_von_Wien_%28Alfred_Hermann_Fried%29 eLibrary Austria Project (elib Austria etxt in German)]
*Abschied von Wien<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.literature.at/elib/www/wiki/index.php/Abschied_von_Wien_(Alfred_Hermann_Fried) |title=Abschied von Wien - Alfred Hermann Fried - ELibraryAustria |website=www.literature.at |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929083146/http://www.literature.at/elib/www/wiki/index.php/Abschied_von_Wien_(Alfred_Hermann_Fried) |archive-date=29 September 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
*The German Emperor and the Peace of the World, with a Preface by Norman Angell. London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1912.
*The German Emperor and the Peace of the World, with a Preface by [[Norman Angell]]. London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1912.
*Die Grundlagen des revolutionären Pacifismus. Tübingen, Mohr, 1908. Translated into French by Jean Lagorgette as Les Bases du pacifisme: Le Pacifisme réformiste et le pacifisme «révolutionnaire». Paris, Pedone, 1909.
*Die Grundlagen des revolutionären Pacifismus. Tübingen, Mohr, 1908. Translated into French by Jean Lagorgette as Les Bases du pacifisme: Le Pacifisme réformiste et le pacifisme «révolutionnaire». Paris, Pedone, 1909.
*Handbuch der Friedensbewegung. (Handbook of the Peace Movement) Wien, Oesterreichische Friedensgesellschaft, 1905. 2nd ed., Leipzig, Verlag der «Friedens-Warte», 1911.
*Handbuch der Friedensbewegung. (Handbook of the Peace Movement) Wien, Oesterreichische Friedensgesellschaft, 1905. 2nd ed., Leipzig, Verlag der «Friedens-Warte», 1911.
Line 27: Line 43:
=== Esperanto textbook and vocabulary ===
=== Esperanto textbook and vocabulary ===
* ''Wörterbuch Esperanto-Deutsch und Deutsch-Esperanto''
* ''Wörterbuch Esperanto-Deutsch und Deutsch-Esperanto''
* ''Lehrbuch der internationalen Hilfssprache “Esperanto” mit Wörterbuch in Esperanto-Deutsch und Deutsch-Esperanto'', Berlin-Schönberg: Esperanto-Verlag, 1903 pr. Pass & Garleb, Berlin 18x12cm II, 120p.<ref>{{cite web|last=Added |first=Roland |url=http://www.ipernity.com/doc/porkido/10482404?from=10482404&at=1304005847 |title=Lehrbuch Fried 1903 / lernolibro de la nobelpremiito Alfred Hermann Fried |publisher=Ipernity.com |date=2011-04-28 |accessdate=2012-09-25}}</ref>
* ''Lehrbuch der internationalen Hilfssprache “Esperanto” mit Wörterbuch in Esperanto-Deutsch und Deutsch-Esperanto'', Berlin-Schönberg: Esperanto-Verlag, 1903 pr. Pass & Garleb, Berlin 18x12cm II, 120p.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|last=Added |first=Roland |url=http://www.ipernity.com/doc/porkido/10482404?from=10482404&at=1304005847 |title=Lehrbuch Fried 1903 / lernolibro de la nobelpremiito Alfred Hermann Fried |publisher=Ipernity.com |date=2011-04-28 |access-date=2012-09-25}}</ref>
**2nd edition: Stuttgart: Franckhsche Verlagshandlung,1905 18x12cm 91, 5p.
**2nd edition: Stuttgart: Franckhsche Verlagshandlung, 1905 18x12cm 91, 5p.
**3rd edition: Stuttgart: Franckhsche Verlagshandlung,1905 18x12cm 91p.
**3rd edition: Stuttgart: Franckhsche Verlagshandlung, 1905 18x12cm 91p.


==See also==
==See also==
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*[[List of Austrian Jews]]
*[[List of Austrian Jews]]
*[[List of Austrian writers]]
*[[List of Austrian writers]]
*[[List of Austrians]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
* Roger Chickering: ''Imperial Germany and A World Without War : The Peace Movement and German Society, 1892–1914.'' Princeton University Press, Princeton 1975, ISBN 0-691-10036-5.
* Roger Chickering: ''Imperial Germany and A World Without War : The Peace Movement and German Society, 1892–1914.'' Princeton University Press, Princeton 1975, {{ISBN|0-691-10036-5}}.
* Walter Göhring: ''Verdrängt und Vergessen – Friedensnobelpreisträger. Alfred Hermann Fried.'' Kremayr & Scheriau, Wien 2006, ISBN 978-3-218-00768-9
* Walter Göhring: ''Verdrängt und Vergessen – Friedensnobelpreisträger. Alfred Hermann Fried.'' Kremayr & Scheriau, Wien 2006, {{ISBN|978-3-218-00768-9}}
* Bernhard Kupfer: ''Lexikon der Nobelpreisträger.'' Patmos, Düsseldorf 2001, ISBN 3-491-72451-1
* Bernhard Kupfer: ''Lexikon der Nobelpreisträger.'' Patmos, Düsseldorf 2001, {{ISBN|3-491-72451-1}}
* Petra Schönemann-Behrens: ''„Organisiert die Welt“. Leben und Werk des Friedensnobelpreisträgers Alfred Hermann Fried (1864–1921).'' Dissertation, Universität Bremen 2004.
* Petra Schönemann-Behrens: ''„Organisiert die Welt“. Leben und Werk des Friedensnobelpreisträgers Alfred Hermann Fried (1864–1921).'' Dissertation, Universität Bremen 2004.
* Bernhard Tuider: ''Alfred Hermann Fried. Pazifist im Ersten Weltkrieg – Illusion und Vision.'' VDM, Saarbrücken 2010, ISBN 978-3-639-25061-9
* Bernhard Tuider: ''Alfred Hermann Fried. Pazifist im Ersten Weltkrieg – Illusion und Vision.'' VDM, Saarbrücken 2010, {{ISBN|978-3-639-25061-9}}
*[http://www.nobel-winners.com/Peace/alfred_fried.html About Alfred Hermann Fried]
*[http://www.nobel-winners.com/Peace/alfred_fried.html About Alfred Hermann Fried]
*[http://www.geocities.com/peace_888grom/fried-bio.html Alfred Hermann Fried (November 11, 1864 – May 5, 1921)] ([http://www.webcitation.org/5kmWxAKmp Archived] 2009-10-25)
*[https://archive.today/20091025061642/http://www.geocities.com/peace_888grom/fried-bio.html Alfred Hermann Fried (November 11, 1864 – May 5, 1921)] ( ( 2009-10-25)
*{{Nobelprize}}
*[http://nobelprize.org/peace/laureates/1911/fried-bio.html Nobel biography]


{{Nobel Peace Prize Laureates 1901-1925}}
{{Nobel Peace Prize Laureates 1901-1925}}
{{1911 Nobel Prize winners}}


{{Authority control|PND=116790741|LCCN=nr/2003/3504|VIAF=46811232|TSURL=viaf/46811232}}
{{Authority control}}


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Fried, Alfred
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 11 November 1864
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 5 May 1921
| PLACE OF DEATH =
⚫
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fried, Alfred}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fried, Alfred}}
[[Category:1864 births]]
[[Category:1921 deaths]]
[[Category:Nobel Peace Prize laureates]]
[[Category:Nobel Peace Prize laureates]]
[[Category:Austrian Nobel laureates]]
[[Category:Austrian Nobel laureates]]
[[Category:Austro-Hungarian Nobel laureates]]
[[Category:Nobel laureates from Austria-Hungary]]
[[Category:Austrian journalists]]
[[Category:Journalists from Vienna]]
[[Category:Austrian Jews]]
[[Category:Austrian Jews]]
[[Category:Austrian pacifists]]
[[Category:Austrian pacifists]]
[[Category:German Peace Society members]]
[[Category:Jewish pacifists]]
[[Category:Jewish pacifists]]
[[Category:1864 births]]
[[Category:Jewish anti-war activists]]
[[Category:1921 deaths]]
[[Category:Jewish Esperantists]]
[[Category:Jewish peace activists]]
[[Category:Austrian Esperantists]]
[[Category:Austrian Esperantists]]
[[Category:Burials at Feuerhalle Simmering]]

Latest revision as of 13:44, 20 December 2024

Alfred Hermann Fried
Born(1864-11-11)11 November 1864
Vienna, Austrian Empire
Died5 May 1921(1921-05-05) (aged 56)
Vienna, Austria
Feuerhalle Simmering, grave of Alfred Hermann Fried

Alfred Hermann Fried (German pronunciation: [ˈʔalfʁeːt ˈhɛʁman ˈfʁiːt]; 11 November 1864 – 4 May 1921) was an Austrian Jewish pacifist, publicist, journalist, co-founder of the German peace movement, and winner (with Tobias Asser) of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1911. Fried was also a supporter of Esperanto. He is the author of an Esperanto textbook and an Esperanto-German and German-Esperanto dictionary, first published in 1903 and republished in 1905.[1]

Life

[edit]

Born in Vienna, Austrian Empire, to a Hungarian-Jewish family, Fried left school at the age of 15 and started to work in a bookshop. In 1883, he moved to Berlin, where he opened a bookshop of his own in 1887. Following the publication by Bertha von Suttner of Die Waffen nieder! (Lay Down Your Arms) in 1889, he and von Suttner began in 1892 to print a magazine of the same name. In articles published within Die Waffen nieder! and its successor, Die Friedenswarte (The Peace Watch), he articulated his pacifist philosophy.

In 1892 he was a co-founder of the German Peace Society (Deutsche Friedensgesellschaft). He was one of the fathers of the idea of a modern organisation to assure worldwide peace (the principal idea was developed in the League of Nations and after the Second World War in the UN).

Fried was a prominent member of the Esperanto movement. In 1903 he published the book Lehrbuch der internationalen Hilfssprache Esperanto (Textbook of the International Language Esperanto).[1]

In 1909 he collaborated with Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine of the Central Office of International Associations in the preparation of the Annuaire de la Vie Internationale.[2]

In 1911 he received the Nobel Peace Prize together with Tobias Asser.

During World War I, Fried moved to neutral Switzerland, and continued to advocate international peace. He died in his hometown, Vienna, in 1921.[3] His ashes are buried at Feuerhalle Simmering.[4]

Work

[edit]
  • Das Abrüstungs-Problem: Eine Untersuchung. Berlin, Gutman, 1904.
  • Abschied von Wien[5]
  • The German Emperor and the Peace of the World, with a Preface by Norman Angell. London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1912.
  • Die Grundlagen des revolutionären Pacifismus. Tübingen, Mohr, 1908. Translated into French by Jean Lagorgette as Les Bases du pacifisme: Le Pacifisme réformiste et le pacifisme «révolutionnaire». Paris, Pedone, 1909.
  • Handbuch der Friedensbewegung. (Handbook of the Peace Movement) Wien, Oesterreichische Friedensgesellschaft, 1905. 2nd ed., Leipzig, Verlag der «Friedens-Warte», 1911.
  • «Intellectual Starvation in Germany and Austria», in Nation, 110 (March 20, 1920) 367–368.
  • International Cooperation. Newcastle upon Tyne, Richardson [1918].
  • Das internationale Leben der Gegenwart. Leipzig, Teubner, 1908.
  • «The League of Nations: An Ethical Institution», in Living Age, 306 (August 21, 1920) 440–443.
  • Mein Kriegstagebuch. (My War Journal) 4 Bde. Zürich, Rascher, 1918–1920.
  • Pan-Amerika. Zürich, Orell-Füssli, 1910.
  • The Restoration of Europe, transl. by Lewis Stiles Gannett. New York, Macmillan, 1916.
  • Der Weltprotest gegen den versailler Frieden. Leipzig, Verlag der Neue Geist, 1920.
  • Die zweite Haager Konferenz: Ihre Arbeiten, ihre Ergebnisse, und ihre Bedeutung. Leipzig, Nachfolger [1908].

Esperanto textbook and vocabulary

[edit]
  • Wörterbuch Esperanto-Deutsch und Deutsch-Esperanto
  • Lehrbuch der internationalen Hilfssprache “Esperanto” mit Wörterbuch in Esperanto-Deutsch und Deutsch-Esperanto, Berlin-Schönberg: Esperanto-Verlag, 1903 pr. Pass & Garleb, Berlin 18x12cm II, 120p.[1]
    • 2nd edition: Stuttgart: Franckhsche Verlagshandlung, 1905 18x12cm 91, 5p.
    • 3rd edition: Stuttgart: Franckhsche Verlagshandlung, 1905 18x12cm 91p.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Added, Roland (2011-04-28). "Lehrbuch Fried 1903 / lernolibro de la nobelpremiito Alfred Hermann Fried". Ipernity.com. Retrieved 2012-09-25.
  2. ^ Rayward, W. Boyd (1993). World Encyclopedia of Library and Information Services. American Library Association. ISBN 9780838906095. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
  3. ^ Fritz Henriksson (1938). The Nobel prizes and their founder, Alfred Nobel. Printed by A. Bonniers boktryckeri. p. 28.
  4. ^ "Alfred Fried".
  5. ^ "Abschied von Wien - Alfred Hermann Fried - ELibraryAustria". www.literature.at. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
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