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{{short description|Policy on permits required to enter Myanmar}}
{{short description|Policy on permits required to enter Myanmar}}
{{Politics of Myanmar|expanded=Foreign}}
{{Politics of Myanmar|expanded=Foreign}}
[[File:Myanmar passport stamp Yangon e-visa in out 1.jpg|thumbnail|Passport stamps]]
⚫
Any foreign national who wishes to enter '''[[Myanmar]]''' must obtain a [[visa (document)|visa]] unless they are a citizen of one of the designated visa-exempt countries.<br/> All visitors to Myanmar must hold a passport valid for at least 6 months.<ref name="tim">{{Timatic Visa Policy|country=MM|access-date=1 April 2017}}</ref><ref name="Ministry of Tourism">{{cite web | author1=Ministry of Hotels and Tourism |author-link1=Ministry of Hotels and Tourism (Myanmar) | title=eVisa Application | url=https://tourism.gov.mm/evisa-application/ | website=Ministry of Hotels & Tourism Myanmar | publisher=Ministry of Hotels and Tourism | access-date=5 October 2019 | date=2019}}</ref><ref name="tourism">{{cite web | author1=Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population | author-link1=Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population | title=Myanmar eVisa (Official Government Website) | url=https://evisa.moip.gov.mm/Home/NoticeToTourist | website=evisa.moip.gov.mm | publisher=Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population | access-date=20 November 2019 | language=en | date=2019}}</ref>
[[File:Myanmar visa.jpg|thumb|Myanmar visa]]
Any foreign national who wishes to enter '''[[Myanmar]]''' must obtain a [[visa (document)|visa]] unless they are a citizen of one of the designated visa-exempt countries.

⚫
All visitors to Myanmar must hold a passport valid for at least 6 months.<ref name="tim">{{Timatic Visa Policy|country=MM|access-date=1 April 2017}}</ref><ref name="Ministry of Tourism">{{cite web | author1=Ministry of Hotels and Tourism |author-link1=Ministry of Hotels and Tourism (Myanmar) | title=eVisa Application | url=https://tourism.gov.mm/evisa-application/ | website=Ministry of Hotels & Tourism Myanmar | publisher=Ministry of Hotels and Tourism | access-date=5 October 2019 | date=2019}}</ref><ref name="tourism">{{cite web | author1=Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population | author-link1=Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population | title=Myanmar eVisa (Official Government Website) | url=https://evisa.moip.gov.mm/Home/NoticeToTourist | website=evisa.moip.gov.mm | publisher=Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population | access-date=20 November 2019 | language=en | date=2019}}</ref>


==Visa policy map==
==Visa policy map==
[[File:Visa policy of Myanmar.png|800px|thumbnail|center|Visa policy of Myanmar
[[File:Visa_policy_of_Myanmar.svg|672px|thumbnail|none|Visa policy of Myanmar
{{legend|#ED1C24|Myanmar}}
{{legend|#ED1C24|Myanmar}}
{{legend|#22B14C|Visa free & eVisa}}
{{legend|#22B14C|Visa not required / eVisa}}
{{legend|#FFD000|Visa on arrival & eVisa}}
{{legend|#61C7A1|eVisa (Business / Tourism)}}
{{legend|#61C7A1|eVisa (Business & Tourism)}}
{{legend|#9FD5BE|eVisa (Tourism)}}
{{legend|#9FD5BE|eVisa (Tourism)}}
{{legend|#ABABAB|Visa required}}]]
{{legend|#ABABAB|Visa required}}]]
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==Visa exemption==
==Visa exemption==
===Ordinary passports===
===Ordinary passports===
⚫
{|
Following the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Myanmar]] and the [[2021 Myanmar coup d'état]], the [[military junta]] in Myanmar, known as the [[State Administration Council]], restarted visa-free entry into Myanmar on 1 September 2022.<ref name="tourism"/><ref name="Singapore MFA">{{cite web | title=Myanmar | url=https://www.mfa.gov.sg/countries-regions/m/myanmar/travel-page | website=www.mfa.gov.sg | publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Singapore)]] | access-date=22 October 2022 | language=en | date=1 September 2022 }}</ref>
|class=nowrap style="padding:0 2em 0 0"|
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* {{flag|Singapore}}
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| Citizens of [[Singapore]] do not require a visa to enter Myanmar for both tourism and business visits for a maximum stay of 30 days. They may enter and leave Myanmar through any port of entry.<ref name="tim"/><ref name="Ministry of Tourism"/><ref name="tourism"/><ref name="Singapore MFA">{{cite web | title=Myanmar | url=https://www.mfa.gov.sg/countries-regions/m/myanmar/travel-page | website=www.mfa.gov.sg | publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Singapore)]] | access-date=22 October 2022 | language=en | date=1 September 2022}}</ref><ref name="TODAY">{{cite web | author1=Tan Weizhen | title=No visas needed for S'poreans on short trips to Myanmar from Dec | url=https://www.todayonline.com/world/asia/visa-free-travel-between-spore-and-myanmar-december | website=[[Today (Singapore newspaper)|TODAY]] | publisher=[[Mediacorp]] |access-date=10 January 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240103052741/https://www.todayonline.com/world/asia/visa-free-travel-between-spore-and-myanmar-december | archive-date=3 January 2024 | language=en |date=9 June 2016 | url-status=live}}</ref>
⚫
|}


⚫
;Restricted visa-free access
⚫
Nationals of {{flag|Singapore}} do not require a visa to enter Myanmar for both tourism and business visits for a maximum stay of 30 days.<br/> They may enter and leave Myanmar through any port of entry.<ref name="tim"/><ref name="Ministry of Tourism"/><ref name="tourism"/><ref name="Singapore MFA"/><ref name="TODAY">{{cite web | author1=Tan Weizhen | title=No visas needed for S'poreans on short trips to Myanmar from Dec | url=https://www.todayonline.com/world/asia/visa-free-travel-between-spore-and-myanmar-december | website=[[Today (Singapore newspaper)|TODAY]] | publisher=[[Mediacorp]] |access-date=10 January 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240103052741/https://www.todayonline.com/world/asia/visa-free-travel-between-spore-and-myanmar-december | archive-date=3 January 2024 | language=en |date=9 June 2016 | url-status=live}}</ref>
⚫
Nationals of the following eight countries do not require a visa to enter Myanmar for [[Tourism in Myanmar|tourism visits]] up to the duration listed below.<ref name="tim"/><ref name="tourism"/> However, to qualify for visa-free entry, they must enter and leave Myanmar through one of the following ports of entry:<ref name="tim"/><ref name="tourism"/>

⚫
* [[Yangon International Airport]]
⚫
====Restricted visa-free access====
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* [[Nay Pyi Taw International Airport]]
⚫
Nationals of the following eight countries do not require a visa to enter Myanmar for [[Tourism in Myanmar|tourism visits]] up to the duration listed below.<ref name="tim"/><ref name="tourism"/><br/> However, to qualify for visa-free entry, they must enter and leave Myanmar through one of the following ports of entry:<ref name="tim"/><ref name="tourism"/>
*[[Yangon International Airport]]
* [[Mandalay International Airport]]
⚫
*[[Nay Pyi Taw International Airport]]
⚫
*[[Mandalay International Airport]]


{|style=" border-radius:1em; box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.5em rgba(0,0,0,0.75); background-color: white; border: 1px solid white; padding: 5px; margin-top: 15px;"
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
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|

'''30 days'''
'''30 days'''
{|
{|
|
|
*{{flag|Russia}}<sup>1</sup>
*{{flag|Russia}}<sup>#</sup>
⚫
|valign="top"|
*{{flag|Vietnam}}
*{{flag|Vietnam}}
|
|
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|
|
|}
|}
<sub># - Temporary visa exemption policy from 1 July 2024 until 30 June 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Myanmar Visa Exemption for Russian Citizens |url=https://maiair.com/mediacenter/announcements/320-myanmar-visa-exemption-for-russian-citizens |website=maiair.com |publisher=[[Myanmar Airways International]] |access-date=20 July 2024 |language=en |date=6 July 2024}}</ref></sub>

<sub>1 - Temporary visa exemption policy from 1 July 2022 until 30 June 2024, for both tourism and business purposes.<ref name="Russian visa-free entry">{{cite web | title=Мьянма: правила въезда для россиян в 2023 году | url=https://www.tutu.ru/geo/myanmar/article/open/ | website=Туту | access-date=2 July 2023 | language=ru }}</ref><ref name="tim"/></sub>


===Non-ordinary passports===
===Non-ordinary passports===
Holders of diplomatic and official/service passports of the following countries do not require a visa to enter Myanmar for stays up to the duration listed below:<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mofa.gov.mm/?page_id=61 | title=Visa Free Travel – MINISTRY of FOREIGN AFFAIR|access-date=17 June 2019}}</ref>
Holders of diplomatic and official / service passports of the following countries do not require a visa to enter Myanmar for stays up to the duration listed below:<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mofa.gov.mm/?page_id=61 | title=Visa Free Travel – MINISTRY of FOREIGN AFFAIR|access-date=17 June 2019}}</ref>


{|style=" border-radius:1em; box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.5em rgba(0,0,0,0.75); background-color: white; border: 1px solid white; padding: 5px;"
{|style=" border-radius:1em; box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.5em rgba(0,0,0,0.75); background-color: white; border: 1px solid white; padding: 5px;"
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*{{flag|China}}<sup>2</sup>
*{{flag|China}}<sup>2</sup>
*{{flag|Colombia}}<sup>1</sup>
*{{flag|Colombia}}<sup>1</sup>
⚫
|valign="top"|
*{{flag|India}}<sup>1</sup>
*{{flag|India}}<sup>1</sup>
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|valign="top"|
*{{flag|Indonesia}}<sup>3</sup>
*{{flag|Indonesia}}<sup>3</sup>
*{{flag|Israel}}<sup>1</sup><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.myanmarcgla.org/index.php/visa/visa-exemption | title=VISA EXEMPTION}}</ref>
*{{flag|Japan}}<sup>1 D</sup>
*{{flag|Japan}}<sup>1 D</sup>
⚫
*{{flag|Jordan}}<sup>1</sup>
*{{flag|Mongolia}}<sup>2</sup>
*{{flag|Mongolia}}<sup>2</sup>
*{{flag|Morocco}}<sup>1</sup>
*{{flag|Morocco}}<sup>1</sup>
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|}
|}


<sub>D - Diplomatic passports only</sub><br/>
<sub>D - Diplomatic passports only.</sub><br/>
<sub>1 - 90 days</sub><br/>
<sub>1 - 90 days</sub><br/>
<sub>2 - 30 days</sub><br/>
<sub>2 - 30 days</sub><br/>
<sub>3 - 14 days</sub>
<sub>3 - 14 days</sub>

* Diplomatic and Official Passport Holders of {{flag|Jordan}} may be eligible for a visa on arrival (V.O.A) at any international airport, valid for 30 days.


===History===
===History===
From 1 October 2018 until 30 September 2020, tourists hailing from {{flag|Hong Kong}}, {{flag|Macao}}, {{flag|Japan}} and {{flag|South Korea}} were allowed entry into Myanmar without a visa.<ref name="Myanmar-embassy-tokyo.net">{{cite web | url=http://www.myanmar-embassy-tokyo.net/2018/Doc/jkv.pdf | title=The amended announcement of Visa Exemption to enter Myanmar for ordinary passport holders of Japan and South Korea | access-date=17 June 2019}}</ref><ref name="e-consulate.org">[http://myanmar.e-consulate.org/images/news/Announcement-Eng-02102018.pdf Terms and Conditions for The Tourists from Special Administrative Regions of PRC (Hong Kong SAR and Macao SAR) for Visa Exemption]</ref><ref>{{cite web | author1=Theingi Win Tin | title=Myanmar extends visa exemption, visa on arrival for 4 countries | url=https://elevenmyanmar.com/news/myanmar-extends-visa-exemption-visa-on-arrival-for-4-countries | website=Eleven Media Group Co., Ltd | access-date=20 November 2019 |language=en | date=17 August 2019}}</ref> They were permitted to enter by and depart from any port of entry in Myanmar.<ref name="Ministry of Tourism"></ref><ref name="tourism"></ref>
From 1 October 2018 until 30 September 2020, tourists hailing from [[Hong Kong]], [[Macao]], [[Japan]] and [[South Korea]] were allowed entry into Myanmar without a visa.<ref name="Myanmar-embassy-tokyo.net">{{cite web | url=http://www.myanmar-embassy-tokyo.net/2018/Doc/jkv.pdf | title=The amended announcement of Visa Exemption to enter Myanmar for ordinary passport holders of Japan and South Korea | access-date=17 June 2019}}</ref><ref name="e-consulate.org">[http://myanmar.e-consulate.org/images/news/Announcement-Eng-02102018.pdf Terms and Conditions for The Tourists from Special Administrative Regions of PRC (Hong Kong SAR and Macao SAR) for Visa Exemption]</ref><ref>{{cite web | author1=Theingi Win Tin | title=Myanmar extends visa exemption, visa on arrival for 4 countries | url=https://elevenmyanmar.com/news/myanmar-extends-visa-exemption-visa-on-arrival-for-4-countries | website=Eleven Media Group Co., Ltd | access-date=20 November 2019 | language=en | date=17 August 2019}}</ref> They were permitted to enter by and depart from any port of entry in Myanmar.<ref name="Ministry of Tourism"/><ref name="tourism"/>


{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
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* 1 October 2018: Hong Kong,<ref name="e-consulate.org"/> Macao,<ref name="e-consulate.org"/> Japan,<ref name="Myanmar-embassy-tokyo.net"/> South Korea<ref name="Myanmar-embassy-tokyo.net"/>
* 1 October 2018: Hong Kong,<ref name="e-consulate.org"/> Macao,<ref name="e-consulate.org"/> Japan,<ref name="Myanmar-embassy-tokyo.net"/> South Korea<ref name="Myanmar-embassy-tokyo.net"/>
* 1 January 2020: Vietnam (extension from 14 to 30 days)<ref>[https://www.mmtimes.com/news/myanmar-vietnam-travellers-get-30-day-visa-free-visits-boost-tourism.html Myanmar, Vietnam travellers to get 30-day visa-free visits to boost tourism]</ref>
* 1 January 2020: Vietnam (extension from 14 to 30 days)<ref>[https://www.mmtimes.com/news/myanmar-vietnam-travellers-get-30-day-visa-free-visits-boost-tourism.html Myanmar, Vietnam travellers to get 30-day visa-free visits to boost tourism]</ref>
* 1 July 2022: Russia<ref name="Russian visa-free entry"/>
* 1 July 2022: Russia<ref name="Russian visa-free entry">{{cite web | title=Мьянма: правила въезда для россиян в 2023 году | url=https://www.tutu.ru/geo/myanmar/article/open/ | website=Туту | access-date=2 July 2023 | language=ru}}</ref>


'''Visa on arrival'''
'''Visa on arrival'''
* 1 October 2018: China<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.myanmarembassy.com/pdf/On%20Arrival%20Visa%20Tourist%20visa%20for%20Chinese.pdf|title=Visa on Arrival applicable for the passport holder of the People's Republic of China, Hong Kong and Macao SAR|access-date=17 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=中国领事服务网|title=缅甸拟对中国游客实行落地签证政策|url=http://cs.mfa.gov.cn/gyls/lsgz/fwxx/t1594002.shtml|access-date=2014-09-11}}</ref>
* 1 October 2018: China<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.myanmarembassy.com/pdf/On%20Arrival%20Visa%20Tourist%20visa%20for%20Chinese.pdf|title=Visa on Arrival applicable for the passport holder of the People's Republic of China, Hong Kong and Macao SAR|access-date=17 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=中国领事服务网|title=缅甸拟对中国游客实行落地签证政策|url=http://cs.mfa.gov.cn/gyls/lsgz/fwxx/t1594002.shtml|access-date=2014-09-11}}</ref>
* 1 December 2018: India<ref name="Delhi">{{cite web | url=https://www.myanmedelhi.com/tourist-visa-information/ | title=Tourist Visa Information – EMBASSY OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR | website=www.myanmedelhi.com | access-date=17 June 2019}}</ref>
* 1 December 2018: India<ref name="Delhi"></ref>
* 1 October 2019: Australia, Germany, Italy, Russia, Spain, Switzerland<ref name=Xinhua></ref>
* 1 October 2019: Australia, Germany, Italy, Russia, Spain, Switzerland<ref name=Xinhua>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190602193220/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-06/02/c_138111000.htm Myanmar grants visa-on-arrival to 6 more countries to boost tourism]</ref>
* 19 December 2019: Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Luxembourg, New Zealand<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://elevenmyanmar.com/news/myanmar-to-allow-visa-on-arrival-for-tourists-from-five-countries|title = Myanmar to allow visa on arrival for tourists from five countries}}</ref>
* 19 December 2019: Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Luxembourg, New Zealand<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://elevenmyanmar.com/news/myanmar-to-allow-visa-on-arrival-for-tourists-from-five-countries|title = Myanmar to allow visa on arrival for tourists from five countries}}</ref>
* 30 August 2023: China (resumed), India<ref name="Temporary visa on arrival">{{cite web | title=Ministry of Immigration and Population » Notifying that Tourist Visa on Arrival will be granted to China Nationals & India Nationals | url=http://www.mip.gov.mm/%e1%80%90%e1%80%9b%e1%80%af%e1%80%90%e1%80%ba%e1%80%94%e1%80%ad%e1%80%af%e1%80%84%e1%80%ba%e1%80%84%e1%80%b6%e1%80%9e%e1%80%ac%e1%80%b8%e1%80%94%e1%80%be%e1%80%84%e1%80%b7%e1%80%ba-%e1%80%a1%e1%80%ad/ | publisher=[[Ministry of Immigration and Population]] | access-date=2 January 2024 | date=30 August 2023 }}</ref>
* 30 August 2023: China (resumed), India<ref name="Temporary visa on arrival">{{cite web | title=Ministry of Immigration and Population » Notifying that Tourist Visa on Arrival will be granted to China Nationals & India Nationals | url=http://www.mip.gov.mm/%e1%80%90%e1%80%9b%e1%80%af%e1%80%90%e1%80%ba%e1%80%94%e1%80%ad%e1%80%af%e1%80%84%e1%80%ba%e1%80%84%e1%80%b6%e1%80%9e%e1%80%ac%e1%80%b8%e1%80%94%e1%80%be%e1%80%84%e1%80%b7%e1%80%ba-%e1%80%a1%e1%80%ad/ | publisher=[[Ministry of Immigration and Population]] | access-date=2 January 2024 | date=30 August 2023 }}</ref><ref name="VOA Extension 2024">{{cite web |title=1-Year Extension for Tourist Visa on Arrival Chinese & Indian Citizens |url=https://maiair.com/mediacenter/announcements/328-1-year-extension-for-tourist-visa-on-arrival-chinese-indian-citizens |website=maiair.com |publisher=[[Myanmar Airways International]] |access-date=13 November 2024 |date=18 September 2024}}</ref>


''Cancelled''
'''Cancelled'''
* 1 February 2020: China (visa on arrival)<ref>{{cite news |author1=Aung Thiha |title=Myanmar Suspends Visas-on-Arrival for Chinese Travelers Over Coronavirus |url=https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/myanmar-suspends-visas-arrival-chinese-travelers-coronavirus.html |access-date=30 November 2021 |work=The Irrawaddy |date=3 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914183221/https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/myanmar-suspends-visas-arrival-chinese-travelers-coronavirus.html |archive-date=14 September 2021 |language=en |url-status=live}}</ref>
* 1 February 2020: China (visa on arrival)<ref>{{cite news |author1=Aung Thiha |title=Myanmar Suspends Visas-on-Arrival for Chinese Travelers Over Coronavirus |url=https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/myanmar-suspends-visas-arrival-chinese-travelers-coronavirus.html |access-date=30 November 2021 |work=The Irrawaddy |date=3 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914183221/https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/myanmar-suspends-visas-arrival-chinese-travelers-coronavirus.html |archive-date=14 September 2021 |language=en |url-status=live}}</ref>
* 1 October 2020: Hong Kong, Macao, Japan, South Korea (visa free)<ref name="Myanmar-embassy-tokyo.net"/><ref name="e-consulate.org"/>
* 1 October 2020: Hong Kong, Macao, Japan, South Korea (visa free)<ref name="Myanmar-embassy-tokyo.net"/><ref name="e-consulate.org"/>
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==Visa on arrival==
==Visa on arrival==
{|
⚫
From 30 August 2023 to 30 August 2024, nationals of {{flag|China}} and {{flag|India}} may obtain a tourist visa on arrival for a fee of [[United States dollar|US$]]50 at any international airport, valid for a maximum stay of 30 days.<ref name="Temporary visa on arrival"/>
|class=nowrap style="padding:0 2em 0 0"|
⚫
* {{flag|China}}
⚫
* {{flag|India}}
⚫
| From 30 August 2023 to 29 August 2025, nationals of [[China]] and [[India]] may obtain a tourist visa upon arrival at any international airport in Myanmar, for a fee of 50 [[United States dollar|USD]]. Visas obtained on arrival are valid for a maximum stay of 30 days.<ref name="Temporary visa on arrival"/><ref name="VOA Extension 2024"/>
|}


⚫
==Electronic Visa (e-Visa)==
===History===
[[File:Myanmar eVisa approval letter.png|thumb|Sample of Myanmar business eVisa approval letter]]
Holders of normal passports issued by the following countries who were travelling as tourists were formerly able to obtain a visa on arrival at [[Yangon International Airport]], [[Nay Pyi Taw International Airport]] or [[Mandalay International Airport]] valid for up to 30 days.<ref name="MLIP">{{cite web | author1=Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population |author-link1=Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population | title=Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population » On Arrival Visa | url=http://www.mip.gov.mm/on-arrival-visa/ | publisher=Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population | access-date=20 November 2019}}</ref><br/> They would have to pay a fee of [[US$]]50 to obtain the visa.<ref name="Delhi">{{cite web | url=https://www.myanmedelhi.com/tourist-visa-information/ | title=Tourist Visa Information – EMBASSY OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR | website=www.myanmedelhi.com | access-date=17 June 2019}}</ref><ref name=Xinhua>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190602193220/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-06/02/c_138111000.htm Myanmar grants visa-on-arrival to 6 more countries to boost tourism]</ref><ref name="MLIP"></ref><ref>[https://elevenmyanmar.com/news/myanmar-to-allow-visa-on-arrival-for-tourists-from-five-countries Myanmar to allow visa on arrival for tourists from five countries]</ref>
Myanmar launched an [[eVisa|e-Visa]] system on 1 September 2014. E-Visas are issued online for tourism and business purposes only.


⚫
An e-Visa is issued within 3 working days, is valid for 90 days from the date of issue and allows a maximum stay of up to 28 days (for tourists) or 70 days (for business travellers with an invitation). The fee for a business e-Visa is 70 [[USD]], while a tourist e-Visa costs 50 USD.<ref name="tourism" /><ref name="biz">{{cite web | url=https://evisa.moip.gov.mm/ | title=Myanmar eVisa (Official Government Website)|website=evisa.moip.gov.mm | access-date=17 June 2019}}</ref> Visas are issued free of charge to children under 7.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tourmag.com/Myanmar-le-visa-est-gratuit-pour-les-enfants-de-moins-de-7-ans_a95497.html | title=Myanmar : le visa est gratuit pour les enfants de moins de 7 ans | last=Action-Visas | website=TourMaG.com, 1er journal des professionnels du tourisme francophone | access-date=17 June 2019}}</ref>
{|style=" border-radius:1em; box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.5em rgba(0,0,0,0.75); background-color: white; border: 1px solid white; padding: 5px;"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
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|
⚫
*{{flag|Australia}}
*{{flag|Austria}}
*{{flag|Czech Republic}}
⚫
*{{flag|China}}
*{{flag|Germany}}
*{{flag|Hungary}}
⚫
*{{flag|India}}
⚫
|valign="top"|
*{{flag|Italy}}
*{{flag|Luxembourg}}
*{{flag|New Zealand}}
*{{flag|Russia}}
*{{flag|Spain}}
*{{flag|Switzerland}}
⚫
|}


⚫
The list of eligible countries was expanded twice, first in October 2014, then in January 2015. In July 2015, the business e-Visa was introduced.
⚫
== Electronic Visa (e-Visa) ==
⚫
Myanmar launched an [[eVisa]] system on 1 September 2014. E-Visas are issued online for tourism and business purposes only.<br/> An e-Visa is issued within 3 working days, is valid for 90 days from the date of issue and allows a maximum stay of up to 28 days (for tourists) or 70 days (for business travellers with an invitation).<br/> The fee for a business e-Visa is US$70, while a tourist e-Visa costs US$50.<ref name="tourism" /><ref name="biz">{{cite web | url=https://evisa.moip.gov.mm/ | title=Myanmar eVisa (Official Government Website)|website=evisa.moip.gov.mm | access-date=17 June 2019}}</ref> Visas are issued free of charge to children under 7.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tourmag.com/Myanmar-le-visa-est-gratuit-pour-les-enfants-de-moins-de-7-ans_a95497.html | title=Myanmar : le visa est gratuit pour les enfants de moins de 7 ans | last=Action-Visas | website=TourMaG.com, 1er journal des professionnels du tourisme francophone | access-date=17 June 2019}}</ref><br/>
⚫
The list of eligible countries was expanded twice, first in October 2014, then in January 2015. In July 2015, the business eVisa was introduced.


Holders of e-Visas must enter from one of the following ports of entry:<ref name="tourism"/><ref name="Ministry of Tourism"></ref><ref name="biz"/>
Holders of e-Visas must enter from one of the following ports of entry:<ref name="tourism"/><ref name="Ministry of Tourism"/><ref name="biz"/>
* [[Yangon International Airport]]
* [[Yangon International Airport]]
* [[Nay Pyi Taw International Airport]]
* [[Nay Pyi Taw International Airport]]
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|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
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|
*All {{flagicon|EU}} [[Citizenship of the European Union|European Union member states]]<sup>2</sup>
*{{flagicon|ASEAN}} [[Member states of ASEAN|ASEAN member states]] (except Malaysia)<sup>1</sup>
*{{flagicon|EU}} All [[Citizenship of the European Union|European Union member states]]<sup>2</sup>
{|
{|
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*{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
*{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
*{{flag|Brazil}}<sup>2</sup>
*{{flag|Brazil}}<sup>2</sup>
⚫
*{{flag|Brunei}}<sup>1</sup>
*{{flag|Cambodia}}<sup>1</sup>
*{{flag|Cameroon}}
*{{flag|Cameroon}}
*{{flag|Canada}}<sup>2</sup>
*{{flag|Canada}}<sup>2</sup>
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*{{flag|Hong Kong}}<sup>2</sup>
*{{flag|Hong Kong}}<sup>2</sup>
*{{flag|Iceland}}
*{{flag|Iceland}}
*{{flag|India}}<sup>1</sup>
*{{flag|India}}<sup>2</sup>
*{{flag|Indonesia}}<sup>1</sup>
*{{flag|Israel}}<sup>2</sup>
*{{flag|Israel}}<sup>2</sup>
*{{flag|Jamaica}}
*{{flag|Jamaica}}
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*{{flag|Kazakhstan}}
*{{flag|Kazakhstan}}
*{{flag|Kenya}}
*{{flag|Kenya}}
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|valign="top"|
*{{flag|North Korea}}<sup>2</sup>
*{{flag|North Korea}}<sup>2</sup>
⚫
|valign="top"|
*{{flag|Kuwait}}
*{{flag|Kuwait}}
*{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}
*{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}
*{{flag|Laos}}<sup>1</sup>
*{{flag|Maldives}}
*{{flag|Maldives}}
*{{flag|Macau}}<sup>2</sup>
*{{flag|Macau}}<sup>2</sup>
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*{{flag|Panama}}
*{{flag|Panama}}
*{{flag|Peru}}
*{{flag|Peru}}
*{{flag|Philippines}}<sup>1</sup>
*{{flag|Qatar}}
|valign="top"|
|valign="top"|
⚫
*{{flag|Qatar}}
*{{flag|Russia}}<sup>1</sup>
*{{flag|Russia}}<sup>1</sup>
*{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}
*{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}
*{{flag|Serbia}}
*{{flag|Serbia}}
⚫
*{{flag|Singapore}}<sup>1</sup>
*{{flag|South Africa}}<sup>2</sup>
*{{flag|South Africa}}<sup>2</sup>
*{{flag|South Korea}}<sup>2</sup>
*{{flag|South Korea}}<sup>2</sup>
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*{{flag|Switzerland}}<sup>2</sup>
*{{flag|Switzerland}}<sup>2</sup>
*{{flag|Taiwan}}<sup>2</sup>
*{{flag|Taiwan}}<sup>2</sup>
*{{flag|Thailand}}<sup>1</sup>
*{{flag|Turkey}}
*{{flag|Turkey}}
*{{flag|Uganda}}
*{{flag|Uganda}}
*{{flag|Ukraine}}<sup>2</sup>
*{{flag|Ukraine}}<sup>2</sup>
*{{flag|United Kingdom}}<sup>#</sup>
*{{flag|United Kingdom}}<sup>3</sup>
*{{flag|United States}}<sup>2</sup>
*{{flag|United States}}<sup>2</sup>
*{{flag|Uruguay}}
*{{flag|Uruguay}}
*{{flag|Uzbekistan}}
*{{flag|Uzbekistan}}
*{{flag|Venezuela}}
*{{flag|Venezuela}}
*{{flag|Vietnam}}<sup>1</sup>
|
|
|}
|}
|}
|}


⚫
<sub>1 - Countries eligible for business / tourist e-visa along with visa-free privilege.</sub><br/>
<small>Note:<br/>
1 - Countries eligible for business/tourist e-visa along with visa-free privilege.<br/>
<sub>2 - Countries and jurisdictions eligible for business / tourist e-Visa.</sub><br/>
2 - Countries and jurisdictions eligible for business/tourist e-visa.<br/>
<sub>3 - [[British citizen]]s are eligible for business / tourist e-Visa. All other [[British nationality law|classes of British nationality]] are eligible for tourist e-Visa only.</sub><br/>
<nowiki>#</nowiki> - [[British citizen]]s are eligible for business/tourist e-Visa. All other [[British nationality law|classes of British nationality]] are eligible for tourist e-Visa only.<br/>
<sub>No mark - Countries eligible for tourist e-Visa only.</sub>
⚫
No mark - Countries eligible for tourist e-visa only.
</small>


The e-Visa system may be extended to other nationalities and ports of entry in the future and may include the issuance of other types of visas.<ref>{{cite news | title=Myanmar targets 5 million tourists with e-visa | url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/myanmar-targets-5-million-tourists-with-e-visa |website=The Straits Times | publisher=The Straits Times | access-date=10 October 2019 | language=en | date=1 September 2014}}</ref>
The e-Visa system may be extended to other nationalities and ports of entry in the future and may include the issuance of other types of visas.<ref>{{cite news | title=Myanmar targets 5 million tourists with e-visa | url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/myanmar-targets-5-million-tourists-with-e-visa |website=The Straits Times | publisher=The Straits Times | access-date=10 October 2019 | language=en | date=1 September 2014}}</ref>


==Other arrangements==
==Other arrangements==
A visa on arrival for business purposes is available for citizens from 52 countries/territories flying into [[Yangon International Airport]], [[Naypyidaw Airport]] or [[Mandalay International Airport]]. They must fill in an application form and provide company registration and invitation documents.<ref name="MLIP"></ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thephuketnews.com/phuket-myanmar-expands-visa-on-arrival-list-37282.php | title=World News: PHUKET: Myanmar expands visa on arrival list | last=Com|first=The Phuket News | newspaper=The Phuket News Com | language=en-US | access-date=2016-10-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mip.gov.mm/portfolio/the-required-terms-and-conditions-for-visa-on-arrival/ | title=Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population » The Required Terms and Conditions for VISA ON ARRIVAL | website=www.mip.gov.mm | access-date=2016-10-26}}</ref>
A visa on arrival for business purposes is available for citizens from 52 countries / territories flying into [[Yangon International Airport]], [[Naypyidaw Airport]] or [[Mandalay International Airport]]. They must fill in an application form and provide company registration and invitation documents.<ref name="MLIP">{{cite web | author1=Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population |author-link1=Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population | title=Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population » On Arrival Visa | url=http://www.mip.gov.mm/on-arrival-visa/ | publisher=Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population | access-date=20 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thephuketnews.com/phuket-myanmar-expands-visa-on-arrival-list-37282.php | title=World News: PHUKET: Myanmar expands visa on arrival list | last=Com|first=The Phuket News | newspaper=The Phuket News Com | language=en-US | access-date=2016-10-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mip.gov.mm/portfolio/the-required-terms-and-conditions-for-visa-on-arrival/ | title=Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population » The Required Terms and Conditions for VISA ON ARRIVAL | website=www.mip.gov.mm | access-date=2016-10-26}}</ref>
Myanmar Airways claims that nationals of all countries and jurisdictions may obtain a tourist visa on arrival valid for 28 days provided they are arriving at [[Yangon International Airport]] on a specific flight on [[Myanmar Airways International]] from [[Guangzhou]], though this seems to conflict with the Myanmar Visa on Arrival requirements.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://maiair.com/images/MyanmarVisa1.jpg | title=Myanmar visa on arrival | access-date=17 June 2019}}</ref>
Myanmar Airways claims that nationals of all countries and jurisdictions may obtain a tourist visa on arrival valid for 28 days provided they are arriving at [[Yangon International Airport]] on a specific flight on [[Myanmar Airways International]] from [[Guangzhou]], though this seems to conflict with the Myanmar Visa on Arrival requirements.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://maiair.com/images/MyanmarVisa1.jpg | title=Myanmar visa on arrival | access-date=17 June 2019}}</ref>


In August 2017, an expansion of the visa on arrival system was announced.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.mmtimes.com/lifestyle/travel/27271-myanmar-to-resume-issuing-visas-on-arrival-to-visitors.html | title=Myanmar to resume issuing visas on arrival to visitors | website=The Myanmar Times | date=15 August 2017|access-date=17 June 2019}}</ref><br/> In October 2018, an expansion of the visa-free system was announced for early 2019.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/first-tourists-arrive-new-free-visa-system-21-western-countries-added.html | title=First Tourists Arrive on New Free-Visa System, 21 Western Countries to be Added|date=2 October 2018 | website=The Irrawaddy | access-date=17 June 2019}}</ref>
In August 2017, an expansion of the visa on arrival system was announced.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.mmtimes.com/lifestyle/travel/27271-myanmar-to-resume-issuing-visas-on-arrival-to-visitors.html | title=Myanmar to resume issuing visas on arrival to visitors | website=The Myanmar Times | date=15 August 2017 | access-date=17 June 2019}}</ref>
In October 2018, an expansion of the visa-free system was announced for early 2019.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/first-tourists-arrive-new-free-visa-system-21-western-countries-added.html | title=First Tourists Arrive on New Free-Visa System, 21 Western Countries to be Added|date=2 October 2018 | website=The Irrawaddy | access-date=17 June 2019}}</ref>


==Statistics==
==Statistics==
Most visitors arriving to Myanmar on short term basis were from the following countries of nationality:<ref>{{cite web | url=http://tourism.gov.mm/en_US/publications/myanmar-tourism-statistics/ | title=Myanmar Tourism Statistics | work=Central Statistical Organization|publisher=Ministry of National Planning and Economic Development}}</ref>
Most visitors arriving to Myanmar on short term basis were from the following countries of nationality:<ref>{{cite web | url=http://tourism.gov.mm/en_US/publications/myanmar-tourism-statistics/ | title=Myanmar Tourism Statistics | work=Central Statistical Organization | publisher=Ministry of National Planning and Economic Development}}</ref>


{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed"
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{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist|30em}}


== External links ==
==External links==

<!-- ({{NoMoreLinks}}) -->
<!-- ({{NoMoreLinks}}) -->


Latest revision as of 18:56, 20 December 2024

Politics of Myanmar
Constitution
Government
Legislature (dissolved)
Judiciary
Recent elections
Administrative divisions
Foreign relations
Exiled government
Related topics
flag Myanmar portal
Passport stamps
Myanmar visa

Any foreign national who wishes to enter Myanmar must obtain a visa unless they are a citizen of one of the designated visa-exempt countries.

All visitors to Myanmar must hold a passport valid for at least 6 months.[1][2][3]

Visa policy map

[edit]
Visa policy of Myanmar
  Myanmar
  Visa not required / eVisa
  eVisa (Business / Tourism)
  eVisa (Tourism)
  Visa required

Visa exemption

[edit]

Ordinary passports

[edit]
Citizens of Singapore do not require a visa to enter Myanmar for both tourism and business visits for a maximum stay of 30 days. They may enter and leave Myanmar through any port of entry.[1][2][3][4][5]
Restricted visa-free access

Nationals of the following eight countries do not require a visa to enter Myanmar for tourism visits up to the duration listed below.[1][3] However, to qualify for visa-free entry, they must enter and leave Myanmar through one of the following ports of entry:[1][3]

30 days

14 days

# - Temporary visa exemption policy from 1 July 2024 until 30 June 2025.[6]

Non-ordinary passports

[edit]

Holders of diplomatic and official / service passports of the following countries do not require a visa to enter Myanmar for stays up to the duration listed below:[7]

D - Diplomatic passports only.
1 - 90 days
2 - 30 days
3 - 14 days

History

[edit]

From 1 October 2018 until 30 September 2020, tourists hailing from Hong Kong, Macao, Japan and South Korea were allowed entry into Myanmar without a visa.[9][10][11] They were permitted to enter by and depart from any port of entry in Myanmar.[2][3]

Visa on arrival

[edit]
From 30 August 2023 to 29 August 2025, nationals of China and India may obtain a tourist visa upon arrival at any international airport in Myanmar, for a fee of 50 USD. Visas obtained on arrival are valid for a maximum stay of 30 days.[30][31]

Electronic Visa (e-Visa)

[edit]
Sample of Myanmar business eVisa approval letter

Myanmar launched an e-Visa system on 1 September 2014. E-Visas are issued online for tourism and business purposes only.

An e-Visa is issued within 3 working days, is valid for 90 days from the date of issue and allows a maximum stay of up to 28 days (for tourists) or 70 days (for business travellers with an invitation). The fee for a business e-Visa is 70 USD, while a tourist e-Visa costs 50 USD.[3][33] Visas are issued free of charge to children under 7.[34]

The list of eligible countries was expanded twice, first in October 2014, then in January 2015. In July 2015, the business e-Visa was introduced.

Holders of e-Visas must enter from one of the following ports of entry:[3][2][33]

Nationals of the following countries are eligible:

1 - Countries eligible for business / tourist e-visa along with visa-free privilege.
2 - Countries and jurisdictions eligible for business / tourist e-Visa.
3 - British citizens are eligible for business / tourist e-Visa. All other classes of British nationality are eligible for tourist e-Visa only.
No mark - Countries eligible for tourist e-Visa only.

The e-Visa system may be extended to other nationalities and ports of entry in the future and may include the issuance of other types of visas.[35]

Other arrangements

[edit]

A visa on arrival for business purposes is available for citizens from 52 countries / territories flying into Yangon International Airport, Naypyidaw Airport or Mandalay International Airport. They must fill in an application form and provide company registration and invitation documents.[36][37][38]

Myanmar Airways claims that nationals of all countries and jurisdictions may obtain a tourist visa on arrival valid for 28 days provided they are arriving at Yangon International Airport on a specific flight on Myanmar Airways International from Guangzhou, though this seems to conflict with the Myanmar Visa on Arrival requirements.[39]

In August 2017, an expansion of the visa on arrival system was announced.[40]

In October 2018, an expansion of the visa-free system was announced for early 2019.[41]

Statistics

[edit]

Most visitors arriving to Myanmar on short term basis were from the following countries of nationality:[42]

See also

[edit]
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Myanmar.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d "Visa and passport". Timatic. International Air Transport Association through Emirates. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
  2. ^ a b c d Ministry of Hotels and Tourism (2019). "eVisa Application". Ministry of Hotels & Tourism Myanmar. Ministry of Hotels and Tourism. Retrieved 5 October 2019.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population (2019). "Myanmar eVisa (Official Government Website)". evisa.moip.gov.mm. Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
  4. ^ "Myanmar". www.mfa.gov.sg. Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Singapore). 1 September 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
  5. ^ a b Tan Weizhen (9 June 2016). "No visas needed for S'poreans on short trips to Myanmar from Dec". TODAY. Mediacorp. Archived from the original on 3 January 2024. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  6. ^ "Myanmar Visa Exemption for Russian Citizens". maiair.com. Myanmar Airways International. 6 July 2024. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
  7. ^ "Visa Free Travel – MINISTRY of FOREIGN AFFAIR". Retrieved 17 June 2019.
  8. ^ "VISA EXEMPTION".
  9. ^ a b c d "The amended announcement of Visa Exemption to enter Myanmar for ordinary passport holders of Japan and South Korea" (PDF). Retrieved 17 June 2019.
  10. ^ a b c d Terms and Conditions for The Tourists from Special Administrative Regions of PRC (Hong Kong SAR and Macao SAR) for Visa Exemption
  11. ^ Theingi Win Tin (17 August 2019). "Myanmar extends visa exemption, visa on arrival for 4 countries". Eleven Media Group Co., Ltd. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
  12. ^ Under the Visa Agreement on 20 November 2009
  13. ^ a b Ei Ei Thu (8 June 2016). "Visa exemption signed with Singapore". The Myanmar Times. Archived from the original on 19 February 2021. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
  14. ^ Kyaw Hsu Mon (11 October 2013). "Vietnam Waives Visa Requirement for Burmese Travelers". The Irrawaddy. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
  15. ^ "Burma, Cambodia Sign Visa Exemption Agreement". The Irrawaddy. 18 December 2013. Archived from the original on 30 November 2021. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
  16. ^ Xinhua (18 December 2013). "Myanmar, Cambodia agree on mutual visa exemption for ordinary passport holders - World News - SINA English". english.sina.com. Sina English. Archived from the original on 3 March 2017. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
  17. ^ "Visa-free entry to Myanmar for Filipinos to be effective in January". philstar.com. The Philippine Star. 27 December 2013. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
  18. ^ Simon Roughneen (6 January 2014). "Filipino Workers Join Burma's Opening Economy". The Irrawaddy. Archived from the original on 30 November 2021. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
  19. ^ San Yamin Aung (17 May 2014). "Burma, Indonesia Sign Visa Exemption Agreement". The Irrawaddy. Archived from the original on 30 November 2021. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
  20. ^ "Myanmar and Brunei Bring in Mutual Visa Exemption". Burma News International. Mizzima. 22 October 2014. Archived from the original on 19 May 2022. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  21. ^ Cheewin Sattha; Chananthorn Kamjan (28 July 2015). "Thailand, Myanmar sign visa-free agreement". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
  22. ^ Charissa Yong (7 June 2016). "Singapore and Myanmar announce visa exemption for 30-day trips". The Straits Times. The Straits Times. Retrieved 18 November 2019. From Dec 1, Singaporeans travelling to Myanmar for short trips will no longer need to apply for a visa.
  23. ^ Myanmar, Vietnam travellers to get 30-day visa-free visits to boost tourism
  24. ^ "Мьянма: правила въезда для россиян в 2023 году". Туту (in Russian). Retrieved 2 July 2023.
  25. ^ "Visa on Arrival applicable for the passport holder of the People's Republic of China, Hong Kong and Macao SAR" (PDF). Retrieved 17 June 2019.
  26. ^ 中国领事服务网. "缅甸拟对中国游客实行落地签证政策". Retrieved 2014-09-11.
  27. ^ "Tourist Visa Information – EMBASSY OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR". www.myanmedelhi.com. Retrieved 17 June 2019.
  28. ^ Myanmar grants visa-on-arrival to 6 more countries to boost tourism
  29. ^ "Myanmar to allow visa on arrival for tourists from five countries".
  30. ^ a b "Ministry of Immigration and Population » Notifying that Tourist Visa on Arrival will be granted to China Nationals & India Nationals". Ministry of Immigration and Population. 30 August 2023. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  31. ^ a b "1-Year Extension for Tourist Visa on Arrival Chinese & Indian Citizens". maiair.com. Myanmar Airways International. 18 September 2024. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
  32. ^ Aung Thiha (3 February 2020). "Myanmar Suspends Visas-on-Arrival for Chinese Travelers Over Coronavirus". The Irrawaddy. Archived from the original on 14 September 2021. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
  33. ^ a b "Myanmar eVisa (Official Government Website)". evisa.moip.gov.mm. Retrieved 17 June 2019.
  34. ^ Action-Visas. "Myanmar : le visa est gratuit pour les enfants de moins de 7 ans". TourMaG.com, 1er journal des professionnels du tourisme francophone. Retrieved 17 June 2019.
  35. ^ "Myanmar targets 5 million tourists with e-visa". The Straits Times. The Straits Times. 1 September 2014. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  36. ^ Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population. "Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population » On Arrival Visa". Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
  37. ^ Com, The Phuket News. "World News: PHUKET: Myanmar expands visa on arrival list". The Phuket News Com. Retrieved 2016-10-26.
  38. ^ "Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population » The Required Terms and Conditions for VISA ON ARRIVAL". www.mip.gov.mm. Retrieved 2016-10-26.
  39. ^ "Myanmar visa on arrival". Retrieved 17 June 2019.
  40. ^ "Myanmar to resume issuing visas on arrival to visitors". The Myanmar Times. 15 August 2017. Retrieved 17 June 2019.
  41. ^ "First Tourists Arrive on New Free-Visa System, 21 Western Countries to be Added". The Irrawaddy. 2 October 2018. Retrieved 17 June 2019.
  42. ^ "Myanmar Tourism Statistics". Central Statistical Organization. Ministry of National Planning and Economic Development.
[edit]
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