Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats: Difference between revisions

Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats
	Classic chocolate-covered Schokokuss
Alternative names	Chocolate teacakes, originally named flødeboller
Type	Treat
Place of origin	Denmark
Main ingredients	Egg whites, chocolate
	Cookbook: Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats; Media: Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats;

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Inline

Latest revision as of 23:12, 20 December 2024

Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats, also known as chocolate teacakes, are confections consisting of a biscuit base topped with marshmallow-like filling and then coated in a hard shell of chocolate. They were invented in Denmark in the 19th century^[1] under the name Flødeboller (cream buns), and later also produced and distributed by Viau in Montreal as early as 1901. Numerous varieties exist, with regional variations in recipes. Some variants of these confections have previously been known in many countries by names comprising equivalents of the English word negro.

National varieties

North America

Canada

Whippets are produced in Cambridge, Ontario, Canada, by Dare Foods. Théophile Viau first manufactured these as "Empire" biscuits in Montreal, and introduced them at a hockey game in Westmount in 1901, but in 1927, in order to lower costs, he removed the vanilla and renamed the product "Whippets". They are currently available with both dark chocolate and milk chocolate coatings, and twelve varieties of flavors.^[2]^[3]

"Viva Puffs", similar to Whippets are also produced by Dare Foods in two flavours. Viva is a trade name; these confections have been known in Canada for at least 50 years as "chocolate puffs".

The cookies are similar to Mallomars of New York City. They also bear a striking resemblance to Tunnock's Tea Cakes as well as Krembos. However, the Tunnock tea cake does not have the same kind of chocolate nor filling.

An episode of the Canadian science program How It's Made showed the production process behind the cookie. However, many aspects of the production process (the amount of marshmallow filling, the ingredients, etc.) were not revealed. The show's narrator described these aspects as "classified information".

United States

In the United States, Mallomars are produced by Nabisco.^[4] A graham cracker circle is overlaid with extruded marshmallow, then coated in a thin shell of dark chocolate. Mallomars were introduced to the public in 1913, the same year as the Moon Pie (a confection that has similar ingredients). The first box of Mallomars was sold in West Hoboken, New Jersey (now Union City, New Jersey).^[5]

Mallomars are generally available from early October through to April. They are not distributed during the summer months, supposedly because they melt easily in summer temperatures, though this is as much for marketing reasons as for practical ones.^[6] Devoted eaters of the cookie have been known to stock up during winter months and keep them refrigerated over the summer, although Nabisco markets other chocolate-coated cookie brands year-round. (Those brands include Pinwheels, which also combines chocolate, cookie, and marshmallow.)^[7] Eighty-five percent of all Mallomars are sold in the New York metropolitan area.^[8] They are produced entirely within Canada, at a factory in Scarborough, Ontario.^[8]

Northern and Western Europe

Austria

The Austrian version of chocolate-coated egg white foam is called German: Schwedenbombe, lit. 'Sweden-bomb'. It was created in 1926 by Walter Niemetz who chose the name in honour of a friend of Swedish origin who had a hand in the development. Manufacturing started in 1930. Schwedenbomben were originally only sold at six per pack, but are now also available in packs of twelve and twenty. Regardless of the pack size, half the pieces in a pack are plain and the other half are sprinkled with coconut flakes.

Schwedenbomben are immensely popular in Austria with a market share of around 80% and a brand recognition of about 94%.^[9]

Denmark

In Denmark the treat was originally made using cream (hence the Danish name flødeboller—"cream buns"), but the filling was later made from egg whites to help industrialize production and improve shelf life.^[10] In Denmark the confection is known as a flødebolle (cream bun) and was in some parts, mostly in the Copenhagen area of Denmark, historically known as a negerbolle (negro bun) or negerkys (negro kiss). In the 1960s through 1980s, the term negro was phased out by all major producers due to its use as a racial slur. Denmark also markets a variation shaped more like a patty, hence the name bøf (steak). Note that the Swedish word negerboll is used for a similar but different confection (Havregrynskugle aka chokladboll).

Denmark is one of the largest producers of chocolate-coated marshmallow treats, producing approximately 800 million of these every year. The largest Danish producer, Elvirasminde, produces roughly 650 million treats, sending 400 million abroad and leaving the remaining 250 million to be eaten by the Danish population, putting the amount of flødeboller eaten at 45 per Dane per year.^[11]

In Denmark chocolate-coated marshmallow treats are traditionally handed out in school by children on their birthday. They are found in any supermarket, and most confectioners will have delicacy versions. It is also a popular addition to ice cream cones, offered at most shops selling ice cream. Usually they are placed on top of the last ball of ice cream with whipped cream and jam (or "Guf", a topping made of whipped egg whites with sugar and fruit flavoring) Sometimes they are even found in restaurants. Many baking enthusiasts see them as a challenge, and it was a technical challenge in Den store Bagedyst (The Great Bake Off) on Danish TV.^[10]

The popularity of the treat is evident from the sheer number of varieties. Variation in coating ranging from white chocolate over dark chocolate to licorice coating, with or without sprinkles. The base is often a plain wafer in commercial products, but delicacy and homemade versions often have shortbread, marzipan biscuits or other bases. Flavored filling is also very common especially when homemade, but licorice, marzipan and other flavors are commercially available. Variation in form is also common, often this is seen in commercial products ranging from wide and flat (bøf) to tall with sharp edges (Christmas tree).

Luxury versions have become more popular, and has also made the image of the 'flødebolle' change from a basic candy or cake, to a luxury product suitable as a dessert or present, similar to a box of high-quality chocolates.

Belgium

In Belgium, Milka branded it under the name Melo-Cakes.^[12] These popular treats are sold in packages of six to thirty pieces.

In Flanders, the confection is known as negerinnentetten. The word can either be translated as "negress's tits"^[13] or could originate from the French word for head, tête, as the French word for this confection used to be tête de nègre, which is French for "negro's head". This is also the probable origin of an alternative name negertetten. Nowadays manufacturers market the confection under a different name, as the aforementioned terms are considered to be offensive.

Germany

In Germany, the Schokokuss (pronounced [ˈʃoːkoˌkʊs] ^ⓘ; "Choco-kiss") was first made commercially in 1920, although the first mention of them dates to 1892. Industrial manufacturing started in the 1950s. The sweets are made all year long, with approximately one billion made per year,^[14] placing average consumption at about one dozen per person per year. They are available in supermarkets and bakeries, and are traditionally sold at fairs. The interior is always egg white foam, sweetened with sugar, but there are also varieties using sugar substitutes available on the German market.^[15]

Sometimes they are consumed pressed between two halves of a bun, which is also referred to as a Matschbrötchen ("Mud Roll" or "Squished Bread Roll") – mostly by children.

The original colloquial names were Mohrenkopf^[16] ("Moor's Head") and Negerkuss ("Negro's Kiss"), but after eventually accepting that these names are racist and therefore inappropriate,^[17] companies changed the product-name to Schokoküsse^[18] ("Chocolate Kisses"), Schaumküsse^[19] ("Foam Kisses") or to brand-specific names like Dickmann's.^[20]

Switzerland

Production in the Swiss factory Mohrenkopffabrik Dubler in Waltenschwil

In German-speaking Switzerland they are still sold as Mohrenkopf.^[21]^[22] In the French-speaking part of Switzerland, as well as in France, they are known as Têtes Choco ("chocolate heads") or more commonly as Tête-de-nègre in France, which is also a racial slur.^[23]

Great Britain

These differ from the domed biscuit or wafer based styles and contain a higher proportion of thicker rippled chocolate, topped with a half walnut.

Scotland

In the United Kingdom this confection is known as a chocolate teacake,^[24] though it is entirely unlike the usual English teacake, a sweet roll with dried fruit which is served toasted and buttered. Teacakes are generally served in the afternoon alongside a traditional British tea. There are several manufacturers of chocolate teacakes in the UK, though the best known is Tunnock's, a Scottish company founded in 1890.^[25] It was invented by Sir Boyd Tunnock in 1956.^[26]^[27] He developed the idea of using Italian meringue. He made a biscuit base, hand piped the mallow onto the base and covered it in milk chocolate.^[27] The Tunnock's teacake is commonly regarded in the same food category as the British biscuit, eaten at break times with a cup of tea as shown in advertising for the product.^[28] Popular throughout the UK, the Tunnock's Teacake enjoys iconic status in Scotland,^[29] evoking memories of childhood,^[30] or symbolising "home" for Scots around the world.^[28]

The Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service gives Tunnock's Teacakes to blood donors in Scotland after giving blood.^[31] There is an online appreciation society for the Tunnock's Teacake^[32] and Dundee University also has an appreciation society for the Tunnock's Teacake.^[25] A giant fully edible replica of a Tunnock's Teacake was made by Michelle Kershaw and Nick Dodds at Pimp That Snack.^[33] The opening ceremony of the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow featured giant dancing Tunnock's Teacakes.^[34]^[35]

The product itself consists of a small round shortbread base covered with a hemisphere of Italian meringue, a whipped egg white concoction similar to marshmallow.^[36] As this soft white fondant is based on egg white rather than gelatine, it is much more delicate than marshmallow.^[37] This also means that a Tunnock's Teacake is suitable for vegetarians, unlike any marshmallow-based alternatives. The Italian meringue is then coated in a thin layer of milk or plain chocolate and, in the case of Tunnock's, wrapped in a distinctive red and silver foil for the more popular milk chocolate variety, and a blue and gold wrapping for the plain chocolate type. Several competing brands to Tunnock's, such as Lees' Foods, also include jam in the centre of the teacake. In 2013 British café chain Costa Coffee introduced the giant marshmallow teacake, which is around three times the size of a standard teacake, with a chocolate biscuit base topped with marshmallow and raspberry jam in the centre.^{[citation needed]}

An argument about whether the teacake is a biscuit or a cake led to an action in the European Court of Justice by British company Marks and Spencer. The UK tax authorities eventually accepted the company's argument that the teacakes were cakes (chocolate covered biscuits are taxed, cakes are not) but refused to repay most of the VAT. The European court ruled that in principle the tax should be repaid^[38]^[39] and in a further hearing before the UK Law Lords in 2009, after 13 years of litigation, Marks and Spencer won full repayment of the tax they had paid from 1973 to 1994, amounting to £3.5 million.^[40] This case was fought with Jaffa cakes.^{[citation needed]}

Netherlands

In the Netherlands the name until 2006 was Negerzoenen ("Negro kisses"). In 2005, the Foundation for Honor and Reparation of Payments for Victims of Slavery in Suriname fought to change the name, which happened shortly after.^[41] One of the largest producers changed the name to Zoenen ("Kisses") and others followed. This led to some controversy, since the Dutch word neger was perceived by some as more neutral compared to the English equivalent negro, though both terms are now widely considered pejorative and racist.^[42] These are often packaged with nine per box, creating the play on words Negen Zoenen ("Nine Kisses").

Finland

In Finland, the name originated from Germany, and they were named "Negro's Kisses" (neekerinsuukot) in 1951. In 2001 the name was changed to "Brunberg's Kisses", after the manufacturer Brunberg from Porvoo,^[43] for largely the same reasons as in Denmark, Germany, and elsewhere.^[44]

Eastern, Central and Southeastern Europe

Hungary

In Hungary, the product is called négercsók ("Negro kiss") and was first introduced in 1980 by the New World Farming and Food Industry Co-operative Society (Hungarian: Újvilág Mezőgazdasági és Élelmiszeripari Szövetkezet) to great success. The production was based on a Danish example, with Danish machinery.^[45] Production gradually declined in the 1990s when local confectionaries and food factories had to face heavy competition from abroad.^[46]

Russia

Zefir (Russian: зефи́р, may also be spelled zephyr or zephir) is made from fruit and berry purée with added sugar and whipped egg whites. It is commonly produced and sold in the countries of the former Soviet Union.^[47] The recipe is a merger of the traditional Russian pastila with French meringue. The name given after the Greek god of the light west wind Zephyr symbolizes its delicate airy consistency.

The consistency is similar to that of marshmallows, Schokokuss or krembo. The form typically resembles traditional meringue. However, in contrast to commercial meringue, it is never crisp. Both pure and chocolate-coated versions are widespread. In contrast to the other confectioneries of this type, it has no biscuit base.

Slovenia

In Slovenia these confections are known as indijančki (literally "little Indians").^[48] They are also known as zamorčki ("little Negroes").^[49]

Slovakia

In Slovakia these are known as Čierny Princ (literally "Black Prince").

Poland

Warm ice cream (Polish: Ciepłe lody) is a Polish dessert or confection that could be seen as their version of the chocolate-covered marshmallow treat.

Serbia

Produced in Serbia by Jaffa,^[50] it has a biscuit base and a soft mallow filling covered by a chocolate flavoured coating, and is very similar to the original Glasgow version.

Southeastern Asia

Philippines

In the Philippines, Fibisco has "Choco Mallows". Likely to allow for a better shelf life in the tropical climate, its "hard chocolate shell" is actually a soft chocolate covering that does not completely melt at room temperature.^[51]

Southern Europe

Portugal

In Portugal, these confections are known as "Bombocas". Sold by different brands, usually the supermarket ones. They are sold in three main flavors: meringue (white interior), strawberry (pink) and vanilla (yellow). They are being called "Beijinhos" in the last few years.

Latin America

Argentina

In Argentina, the confections were first commercialised in the 1970s and known as "Angelito negro"^[52] (Little Black Angel) and later, "cremocoa". They were manufactured by Terrabusi^[53] and are no longer in production, as in the country only the Uruguayan "ricarditos" are available.

Bolivia

In Bolivia, Chocolates Condor is the traditional manufacturer of "Beso de Negro" (Negro Kiss). The confection is similar to the German Schokoküsse in its use of a sweetened egg white foam filling rather than a marshmallow-based filling. There have been attempts to introduce variations in flavor, but the "classic" version remains the most popular.

Peru

In Peru, the confections are known as "Beso de Moza" (Girl's Kiss), sold by Nestlé. Currently^[when?] there is a contest between strawberry and lucuma flavors to become permanent versions of the product.

Colombia

In Colombia and Ecuador, it is called Beso de Negra (Black Woman's Kiss) or "Chocmelo", a portmanteau of chocolate and masmelo (marshmallow). However, these last ones do not always have a cookie as its base.

In 2020, during the George Floyd protests, Nestlé announced it would rename the confectionary and remove the image on its packaging of a Black woman with bare shoulders and a colorful dress.^[a]^[55]^[54]^[56]

Brazil

In Brazil the dessert is known as Nhá Benta and is manufactured by the Kopenhagen chocolaterie, but other variants exists in Brazil such as Cacau Show's Montebello^[57] (does not contain the waffle base) and the one that popularised the international formula for the masses in Brazil, the Dan-Top. The cookies are sold in a variety of flavours, including coconut, lemon, passion fruit, caramel, boysenberry, tonka bean and coffee. It is also known as "teta-de-nega" ("black woman's tit").^[58]

Uruguay

In Uruguay it is known as "Ricardito", meringue covered in chocolate manufactured by Ricard.^[59]

Oceania

Australia

Arnott's Chocolate Royals are a chocolate coated-marshmallow treat of Australia, which are available in milk and dark chocolate varieties, and are similar in appearance to a Tunnock's teacake. Unlike Tunnock's however, royals have a thin layer of jam between the biscuit and marshmallow, and are smaller in size in compared to a Tunnock's teacake.

New Zealand

Since the 1960s, the New Zealand biscuit manufacturers Griffin's have made MallowPuffs, a chocolate biscuit that is described as a "light fluffy marshmallow sitting on top of a shortcake biscuit, covered in luxurious milk chocolate".^[60] The marshmallow in MallowPuffs tends to be more dense and rubbery than in some similar products (such as Tunnock's chocolate teacakes). They come in a variety of flavours, including Cookies and Cream, Hokey Pokey, Toffee, Rocky Road, Double Chocolate and original chocolate. The slogan from a national advertising campaign for MallowPuffs, "Have you done enough for a MallowPuff", became briefly popular in the 1990s.^[61]

Southern Africa

South Africa

In South Africa, a similar confection is Sweetie Pies, originally made by Cadbury's^[62] but now by Beyers.^[63]

Middle East

Iran

In Iran this is considered a popular treat for children. The local version is sold under several brands, all commonly called (Persian: بستنی زمستانی, romanized: Bastani zemestani; literally meaning "winter ice cream").

Levantine countries

In Levantine countries such as Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, and Jordan, it has historically been called (Arabic: راس العبد, romanized: Ras Al-Abed; slave head), however it has since been renamed to Sambo.^[64] In Lebanon, a local variation went on sale in the 1950s under the name ras el abd (slave's head) by Gandour;^[65] however, it has since been changed to Tarboush or Tarboosh (Fez) but continues to be referred to by the former name in public.^[66] It is also referred to as shetawi in Gaza, named after sheta meaning 'winter' because it is a winter sweet (although it is eaten in all seasons).^[67]

Israel

Foil-wrapped Krembo, mocha and vanilla flavors

Krembo or Creambo (Hebrew: קרמבו, a contraction meaning literally "Cream-in-it"), is the name of a chocolate-coated marshmallow treat that is popular in Israel, especially in the winter as an alternative to ice-cream.^[68] "Krembo whipped snack" consists of a round biscuit base (17% of total weight), topped with fluffy marshmallow creme-like foam (53%), coated in a thin layer of compound chocolate (about 30%) and wrapped in colorful, thin aluminum foil.^[69] Over time, different flavorings have been attempted for the foam by the different manufacturers, but the most popular have always predominantly been the vanilla flavoring and, to a lesser extent, the mocha flavoring.^[70]^[71]^[72] According to a study from 2003, funded by Strauss, Israel's leading Krembo producer, 69% of Israelis prefer to eat Krembos from the top down (starting with the cream), and only 10% start with the biscuit at the bottom; the rest had no preference.^[72]

European chocolate-coated marshmallow treats were popular as homemade sweets in Mandate Palestine, where it was known as Kushi (Hebrew: כושי, roughly Negro) and Rosh Kushi (Hebrew: ראש כושי, roughly "Negro's head") This name was borrowed from the names then used in Europe. It entered mass production in 1966. The first manufacturer, the Whitman Company, coined the name Krembo. In Hebrew, the word krembo is a combination of krem (cream) and bo (in it), and ever since only that name has been in use. A mocha flavour was introduced in 1967. In 1979 Whitman was acquired by Strauss which has the major part of the krembo market in Israel.^[73] During the 1980s and 1990s, smaller manufacturers introduced additional flavours such as banana and strawberry but failed to achieve a significant market share. Today Strauss controls 54% of the krembo market in Israel.^[72]

Krembos are a seasonal treat sold only four months a year, from October to February.^[68] Nevertheless, 50 million krembos are sold each year—an average of 9 per person.^[74] Krembos are exported to the United States and Canada, and sold mostly in kosher shops and import stores.^[75]

In 2005, Strauss signed an agreement with Unilever to export ice cream and krembos to the United States and Canada due to a demand for products of this type with strict Kosher certification. Under terms of the agreement, they may be sold only in kosher supermarkets and import shops. The distributor in North America is Dairy Delight, a subsidiary of Norman's Dairy.^[76] In 2007, Nestlé introduced an ice cream variation of krembo called Lekbo (Hebrew: לקבו, "lick inside").

The average krembo weighs 25 grams (0.88 ounces) and has 115 calories.^[72] According to the fine print on packing foil, per 100 g of krembo there are 419 calories, 3.2 g protein, 64 g carbohydrates (of which 54 g are sugars); 16.7% Fats (of which 13.9% are poly-saturated fatty acids, less than 0.5% are trans fatty acids) and 67 mg sodium.^[69]

Other variations

Chocolate-covered marshmallow

Chocolate-covered marshmallows or chocolate-dipped marshmallows are confections of marshmallow coated with chocolate, without a biscuit base.^[77]^[78] Varieties include chocolate fish and Bamsemums.

Chocolate fish

In New Zealand, a common chocolate-coated marshmallow treat is the chocolate fish. A fish-shaped delicacy, 12 to 20 centimeters (5 to 8 inches) in length, it is made of pink or white marshmallow covered in a thin layer of milk chocolate. The milk chocolate's texture features scale-like ripples on the fish, created by the fish moving under a blower during production.

In Kiwi culture, the chocolate fish is a common immediate reward or prize for a small job done well (e.g. "Give that kid a chocolate fish") so much so that a phrase suggesting a person be awarded one can be said regardless of availability of the treat (and either as a compliment or sarcastically).^[79]^[80]

Cups

Milk chocolate cups may be filled with marshmallow in products including Mallo Cup and Valomilk.

Chocolate marshmallow pies

Chocolate marshmallow pies differ from regular chocolate-coated marshmallow treats in that there is a cake- or cookie-like layer above as well as below the marshmallow filling – that is, the marshmallow filling is sandwiched between two layers of cake or cookie, the entirety then being enrobed in chocolate. Some local names for chocolate marshmallow pies are:

"Chocolate marshmallow pie" (a generic term) in the United States (e.g., Little Debbie Chocolate Flavored Marshmallow Pies).^[81]^{[better source needed]}
"Moon Pie" (a brand name of Chattanooga Bakery) in the United States, particularly the Southern United States.
"Scooter Pie" (a brand name of Burry's) in the United States, particularly in the Northeastern United States.^[82]
"Choco pie" (originally a brand name, now a common noun as a generic trademark), originally in South Korea but now also in Russia and other parts of East Asia, South Asia and Southeast Asia.
"Angel pie" (a brand name of Morinaga) in Japan.^[83]^{[better source needed]}
"Wagon Wheels" (a brand name used by both Burton's Biscuit^[84] and Dare Foods^[85]) in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and certain other countries.

Notes

^ The image was originally described by CNN as "una mujer negra, esta con los hombros descubiertos y con un vestido colorido" [a Black woman, she is bare-shouldered and wearing a colorful dress].^[54]

References

^ "Israelis consume 50 million 'krembos' every year". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 15 October 2007. Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 8 May 2023.
^ "Les inventions québécoises: certaines sont étonnantes!". 18 October 2022.
^ "Dare Foods".
^ "The Mallomar". Texasescapes.com. Archived from the original on 8 February 2020. Retrieved 22 January 2018.
^ Barron, James (8 December 2005). "The Cookie That Comes Out in the Cold" Archived 6 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine. The New York Times.
^ "The Cookie Crumbles". Homestead.com. Archived from the original on 8 February 2020. Retrieved 22 January 2018.
^ Corona, Lauren (3 September 2023). "Nabisco's Lesser-Known Gems Worth Trying". Mashed. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
^ ^a ^b "Video: The mesmerizing method in which Mallomars are made". The Globe and Mail. 24 September 2013. Archived from the original on 9 June 2016. Retrieved 22 January 2018.
^ "Wieder voll da" (PDF). CASH. April 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016.
^ ^a ^b "Den store Bagedyst (5:8)". Dr.dk. Archived from the original on 4 April 2016. Retrieved 22 January 2018.
^ "Danske flødeboller på vej til USA". Erhvervsbladet.dk. Archived from the original on 12 February 2009. Retrieved 22 January 2018.
^ "MELO-CAKES MILKA". Retrieved 1 February 2016.
^ "Het Vlaams woordenboek » negerinnentet". Vlaamswoordenboek.be. Archived from the original on 23 January 2018. Retrieved 22 January 2018.
^ Braun, Jessica (30 October 2011). "Träume Schäume sind". Der Tagesspiegel (in German). Archived from the original on 17 April 2018. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
^ "Guide to German Chocolate and Confectionary". German Foods. 2020. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
^ German: [ˈmoːʁənˌkɔp͡f]
^ Wolf, Patricia (3 August 2020). "Mohrenkopf & Negerkuss: Woher kommt der Begriff und ist dieser rassistisch?". Verbraucherschutz (in German). Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
^ German: [ˈʃoːkoˌkʏsə]
^ German: [ˈʃaʊ̯mˌkʏsə]
^ de Graaf, Peter (16 November 2005). "Ook de negerzoen moet zich aanpassen". Volkskrant (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 11 December 2007. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
^ "Willkommen | Dubler Mohrenkopf". www.dubler.net. Archived from the original on 21 July 2007.
^ "Othmar Richterich AG". richterich-ag.ch. Archived from the original on 10 October 2008.
^ "Têtes Choco Perrier". Archived from the original on 25 July 2008.
^ Teacake set to cost taxman £3.5m Archived 12 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine BBC News report
^ ^a ^b "Sweettooth fans swamp Tunnock's tours". Scotland On Sunday. The Scotsman. Archived from the original on 9 October 2008. Retrieved 27 September 2008.
^ "Tunnock's – A chocolate Scottish institution". Document Scotland. 30 March 2018. Archived from the original on 30 May 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
^ ^a ^b "Tunnocks - About us. The teacake was born". Tunnocks. 30 March 2018. Archived from the original on 6 April 2018. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
^ ^a ^b "Video showing Scotsman being welcomed home to Tunnock's Teacakes and a mug of tea". Archived from the original on 5 October 2008. Retrieved 20 September 2008.
^ "Tunnock's Teacakes "genuine Scottish icons" according to "British Delights" website". Archived from the original on 17 September 2008. Retrieved 20 September 2008.
^ "A recognised favourite Scottish memory – Tunnock's Teacakes". Archived from the original on 29 April 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2008.
^ "The Scots Independent Newspaper on giving blood". Archived from the original on 10 October 2008. Retrieved 27 September 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
^ "Tunnock's Teacake Appreciation Society". Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 20 September 2008.
^ "Pimp That Snack make a Tunnocks Teacake". Archived from the original on 26 September 2008. Retrieved 27 September 2008.
^ "Tunnock's sales take the teacake after Commonwealth Games ceremony". The Guardian. Press Association. 25 July 2014. Archived from the original on 26 July 2014. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
^ "Tunnock's teacakes sales 'soar' after Glasgow 2014 show". BBC News Online. BBC. 26 July 2014. Archived from the original on 27 July 2014. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
^ Robert Lea (14 April 2010). "The Willy Wonka of Tannochside: Tunnock's MD, Boyd Tunnock". The Times. London. Archived from the original on 26 September 2012. Retrieved 24 April 2011.
^ ""Tunnocks Teacake" biscuit of the week". Nice Cup of Tea and a Sit Down. Archived from the original on 9 October 2008. Retrieved 20 September 2008.
^ "BBC report on debate over status of teacake – cake or biscuit". BBC News. 10 April 2008. Archived from the original on 25 December 2008. Retrieved 27 September 2008.
^ "Management Today Business magazine on the Teacake name debate". Archived from the original on 9 October 2008. Retrieved 27 September 2008.
^ "BBC report on Marks and Spencer being awarded the VAT that was wrongfully collected". BBC News. 4 February 2009. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 2 March 2014.
^ "Negerzoen". Chocozoenen.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 6 February 2024.
^ "Nieuwsberichten". Taalunieversum.org. Archived from the original on 30 May 2019. Retrieved 22 January 2018.
^ "Brunberg Chocolate Factory – Visit Porvoo". Archived from the original on 29 October 2021. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
^ "Brunbergin Suukot". Archived from the original on 4 May 2008.
^ "Új tervek az édesüzemben". Ceglédi Hírlap (in Hungarian). 30 (78). 3 April 1986. Archived from the original on 4 April 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
^ "Az abonyi csóküzem keserű gondjai". Népszabadság, Pest Megyei Krónika Melléklet (in Hungarian) (1999 April). 16 April 1999. Archived from the original on 26 April 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
^ ГОСТ-6441-96, Изделия кондитерские пастильные, общие технические условия Archived 10 June 2019 at the Wayback Machine (Interstate Standard 6441-96, Pastila type confectionery. General specifications)
^ "indijanček". Dictionary of Standard Slovene Language. ISJFR ZRC SAZU. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
^ "Indijančki oz. zamorčki". Marmelina. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
^ "Munchmallow Classic - Fabrika biskvita Jaffa DOO". Jaffa.rs. Archived from the original on 22 January 2018. Retrieved 22 January 2018.
^ "Do you remember choco mallows?". bucaio.blogspot.com. 5 May 2006. Archived from the original on 29 December 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2021.
^ "Cómo hacer angelitos negros, cremocoa o besos de moza | Vía Gourmet". 28 August 2019.
^ "Era la Cremocoa oriental: Dejan de fabricar "Ricardito" en Uruguay".
^ ^a ^b "Clorox y Nestlé cambian imágenes de 'Blanquita' de Límpido y Beso de Negra por considerarlas inapropiadas". 19 June 2020. Archived from the original on 4 July 2020. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
^ Martinez, Natalia (19 June 2020). "El dulce colombiano que cambiará de nombre para evitar racismo". Publimetro Colombia. Archived from the original on 6 July 2020. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
^ "Nestle Pulls Beso de Negra, Red Skins Candy in Racial Review". BloombergQuint. 22 June 2020. Archived from the original on 6 July 2020. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
^ Show, Cacau. "MONTEBELLO TRADICIONAL 90G". lojavirtual.cacaushow.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on 28 January 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
^ "Teta de nega". Globo. Archived from the original on 19 November 2018. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
^ "Ricard - Home". www.plucky.com.uy. Archived from the original on 1 May 2011. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
^ MallowPuffs by Griffins Archived 24 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 14 May 2011
^ Mallow puffs advertisement 2006, 27 May 2014, archived from the original on 3 May 2020, retrieved 26 January 2020
^ Nashira Davids (29 July 2013). "Bye-bye to our Sweetie Pie". (Johannesburg) Times. Archived from the original on 23 November 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2015.
^ "The return of the 'Sweetie Pie'". (Johannesburg) Times. 28 July 2014. Archived from the original on 22 November 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2015.
^ "Calls to Re-brand the Popular Middle Eastern Snack with 'the Racist Name'". Archived from the original on 27 August 2022. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
^ "Gandour". Gandour.com. Archived from the original on 23 January 2018. Retrieved 22 January 2018.
^ "Ghandour wants us to eat "Tarboush" instead of "Ras El Abed"". Livinleb.wordpress.com. 2 November 2010. Archived from the original on 24 January 2018. Retrieved 22 January 2018.
^ Owda, Bisan (17 April 2024). "Bisan Owda | A treasure! Look what I found!!". Instagram. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
^ ^a ^b "Chestnuts Roasting in My Gelato". Haaretz.com. Archived from the original on 9 November 2007. Retrieved 22 January 2018.
^ ^a ^b Strauss Krembo foil package, printed data, 15 February 2014.
^ "שטראוס מכריזה רשמית על פתיחת עונת הקרמבו". News1.co.il. Archived from the original on 30 October 2016. Retrieved 30 October 2016.
^ "קרמבו - כל מה שרצית לדעת ולא העזת לשאול". Kanisrael.co.il. 19 October 2004. Archived from the original on 30 October 2016. Retrieved 30 October 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "10 Things you don't know about a krembo" (in Hebrew). Yedioth Ahronoth. 7 November 2003. Archived from the original on 12 March 2007. Retrieved 20 January 2007.
^ "Krembo". Ccooksinfo.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
^ "10 Things you don't know about a krembo" (in Hebrew). Yedioth Ahronoth. 7 November 2003. Archived from the original on 12 March 2007. Retrieved 20 January 2007.
^ פיתוח ישראלי חדש: קרמבו גלידה. Ynet (in Hebrew). Yediot Aharonot. 7 February 2007. Archived from the original on 8 February 2007. Retrieved 7 February 2007.
^ "New Israeli Development: Ice Cream Krembo" (in Hebrew). Ynet. 7 February 2007. Archived from the original on 8 February 2007. Retrieved 7 February 2007.
^ Jamie (10 February 2023). "Chocolate-Covered Marshmallows". My Baking Addiction. Archived from the original on 1 May 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
^ "Chocolate-Dipped Marshmallows Are a Fun and Festive Treat". The Spruce Eats. Archived from the original on 1 May 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
^ "I'll Buy You A Chocolate Fish If." Nzetc.victoria.ac.nz. Archived from the original on 7 October 2016. Retrieved 22 January 2018.
^ "The food we love – the tastes of New Zealanders". Christchurchcitylibraries.com. 13 October 2014. Archived from the original on 20 December 2014. Retrieved 22 January 2018.
^ "Chocolate Marshmallow Pies". Little Debbie's website. Archived from the original on 12 February 2019. Retrieved 22 November 2015.
^ "Scooter Pies". Old Time Candy. Archived from the original on 22 November 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2015.
^ "Angel Pie (Mini)". Japanese Snack Reviews. 16 July 2010. Archived from the original on 22 November 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2015.
^ "Wagon Wheels". Burton's Buscuit Company website. Archived from the original on 1 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
^ "Wagon Wheels". Dare Foods website. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.

External links

Media related to Schokokuss at Wikimedia Commons
Food Timeline: History notes
Salon.com: a brief reminiscence of Mallomars
Video of marshmallow cookie factory

[55] The image was originally described by CNN as "una mujer negra, esta con los hombros descubiertos y con un vestido colorido" [a Black woman, she is bare-shouldered and wearing a colorful dress].^[54]

[1] "Israelis consume 50 million 'krembos' every year". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 15 October 2007. Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 8 May 2023.

[2] "Les inventions québécoises: certaines sont étonnantes!". 18 October 2022.

[3] "Dare Foods".

[4] "The Mallomar". Texasescapes.com. Archived from the original on 8 February 2020. Retrieved 22 January 2018.

[5] Barron, James (8 December 2005). "The Cookie That Comes Out in the Cold" Archived 6 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine. The New York Times.

[6] "The Cookie Crumbles". Homestead.com. Archived from the original on 8 February 2020. Retrieved 22 January 2018.

[7] Corona, Lauren (3 September 2023). "Nabisco's Lesser-Known Gems Worth Trying". Mashed. Retrieved 12 October 2023.

[globe-8] "Video: The mesmerizing method in which Mallomars are made". The Globe and Mail. 24 September 2013. Archived from the original on 9 June 2016. Retrieved 22 January 2018.

[9] "Wieder voll da" (PDF). CASH. April 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016.

[dr.dk-10] "Den store Bagedyst (5:8)". Dr.dk. Archived from the original on 4 April 2016. Retrieved 22 January 2018.

[11] "Danske flødeboller på vej til USA". Erhvervsbladet.dk. Archived from the original on 12 February 2009. Retrieved 22 January 2018.

[12] "MELO-CAKES MILKA". Retrieved 1 February 2016.

[13] "Het Vlaams woordenboek » negerinnentet". Vlaamswoordenboek.be. Archived from the original on 23 January 2018. Retrieved 22 January 2018.

[14] Braun, Jessica (30 October 2011). "Träume Schäume sind". Der Tagesspiegel (in German). Archived from the original on 17 April 2018. Retrieved 9 April 2021.

[15] "Guide to German Chocolate and Confectionary". German Foods. 2020. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.

[16] German: [ˈmoːʁənˌkɔp͡f] ^ⓘ

[wol22-17] Wolf, Patricia (3 August 2020). "Mohrenkopf & Negerkuss: Woher kommt der Begriff und ist dieser rassistisch?". Verbraucherschutz (in German). Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2022.

[18] German: [ˈʃoːkoˌkʏsə] ^ⓘ

[19] German: [ˈʃaʊ̯mˌkʏsə] ^ⓘ

[20] Graaf, Peter (16 November 2005). "Ook de negerzoen moet zich aanpassen". Volkskrant (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 11 December 2007. Retrieved 9 April 2021.

[21] "Willkommen | Dubler Mohrenkopf". www.dubler.net. Archived from the original on 21 July 2007.

[22] "Othmar Richterich AG". richterich-ag.ch. Archived from the original on 10 October 2008.

[23] "Têtes Choco Perrier". Archived from the original on 25 July 2008.

[24] Teacake set to cost taxman £3.5m Archived 12 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine BBC News report

[ScotlandOnSunday-25] "Sweettooth fans swamp Tunnock's tours". Scotland On Sunday. The Scotsman. Archived from the original on 9 October 2008. Retrieved 27 September 2008.

[26] "Tunnock's – A chocolate Scottish institution". Document Scotland. 30 March 2018. Archived from the original on 30 May 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2018.

[Tunnock-27] "Tunnocks - About us. The teacake was born". Tunnocks. 30 March 2018. Archived from the original on 6 April 2018. Retrieved 30 March 2018.

[video-28] "Video showing Scotsman being welcomed home to Tunnock's Teacakes and a mug of tea". Archived from the original on 5 October 2008. Retrieved 20 September 2008.

[icon-29] "Tunnock's Teacakes "genuine Scottish icons" according to "British Delights" website". Archived from the original on 17 September 2008. Retrieved 20 September 2008.

[Scotland-30] "A recognised favourite Scottish memory – Tunnock's Teacakes". Archived from the original on 29 April 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2008.

[ScotsIndependentNews-31] "The Scots Independent Newspaper on giving blood". Archived from the original on 10 October 2008. Retrieved 27 September 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)

[appreciation-32] "Tunnock's Teacake Appreciation Society". Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 20 September 2008.

[PimpThatSnack-33] "Pimp That Snack make a Tunnocks Teacake". Archived from the original on 26 September 2008. Retrieved 27 September 2008.

[34] "Tunnock's sales take the teacake after Commonwealth Games ceremony". The Guardian. Press Association. 25 July 2014. Archived from the original on 26 July 2014. Retrieved 26 July 2014.

[35] "Tunnock's teacakes sales 'soar' after Glasgow 2014 show". BBC News Online. BBC. 26 July 2014. Archived from the original on 27 July 2014. Retrieved 26 July 2014.

[times-2010-36] Robert Lea (14 April 2010). "The Willy Wonka of Tannochside: Tunnock's MD, Boyd Tunnock". The Times. London. Archived from the original on 26 September 2012. Retrieved 24 April 2011.

[tea-37] ""Tunnocks Teacake" biscuit of the week". Nice Cup of Tea and a Sit Down. Archived from the original on 9 October 2008. Retrieved 20 September 2008.

[BBC-38] "BBC report on debate over status of teacake – cake or biscuit". BBC News. 10 April 2008. Archived from the original on 25 December 2008. Retrieved 27 September 2008.

[ManagementToday-39] "Management Today Business magazine on the Teacake name debate". Archived from the original on 9 October 2008. Retrieved 27 September 2008.

[BBCSuitResult-40] "BBC report on Marks and Spencer being awarded the VAT that was wrongfully collected". BBC News. 4 February 2009. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 2 March 2014.

[41] "Negerzoen". Chocozoenen.com (in Dutch). Retrieved 6 February 2024.

[Taalunieversum-42] "Nieuwsberichten". Taalunieversum.org. Archived from the original on 30 May 2019. Retrieved 22 January 2018.

[43] "Brunberg Chocolate Factory – Visit Porvoo". Archived from the original on 29 October 2021. Retrieved 6 October 2020.

[44] "Brunbergin Suukot". Archived from the original on 4 May 2008.

[45] "Új tervek az édesüzemben". Ceglédi Hírlap (in Hungarian). 30 (78). 3 April 1986. Archived from the original on 4 April 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2019.

[46] "Az abonyi csóküzem keserű gondjai". Népszabadság, Pest Megyei Krónika Melléklet (in Hungarian) (1999 April). 16 April 1999. Archived from the original on 26 April 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2019.

[47] ГОСТ-6441-96, Изделия кондитерские пастильные, общие технические условия Archived 10 June 2019 at the Wayback Machine (Interstate Standard 6441-96, Pastila type confectionery. General specifications)

[48] "indijanček". Dictionary of Standard Slovene Language. ISJFR ZRC SAZU. Retrieved 17 June 2024.

[49] "Indijančki oz. zamorčki". Marmelina. Retrieved 17 June 2024.

[50] "Munchmallow Classic - Fabrika biskvita Jaffa DOO". Jaffa.rs. Archived from the original on 22 January 2018. Retrieved 22 January 2018.

[:0-51] "Do you remember choco mallows?". bucaio.blogspot.com. 5 May 2006. Archived from the original on 29 December 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2021.

[52] "Cómo hacer angelitos negros, cremocoa o besos de moza | Vía Gourmet". 28 August 2019.

[53] "Era la Cremocoa oriental: Dejan de fabricar "Ricardito" en Uruguay".

[besodenegra.cnn-54] "Clorox y Nestlé cambian imágenes de 'Blanquita' de Límpido y Beso de Negra por considerarlas inapropiadas". 19 June 2020. Archived from the original on 4 July 2020. Retrieved 9 July 2020.

[56] Martinez, Natalia (19 June 2020). "El dulce colombiano que cambiará de nombre para evitar racismo". Publimetro Colombia. Archived from the original on 6 July 2020. Retrieved 6 July 2020.

[57] "Nestle Pulls Beso de Negra, Red Skins Candy in Racial Review". BloombergQuint. 22 June 2020. Archived from the original on 6 July 2020. Retrieved 6 July 2020.

[58] Show, Cacau. "MONTEBELLO TRADICIONAL 90G". lojavirtual.cacaushow.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on 28 January 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2019.

[59] "Teta de nega". Globo. Archived from the original on 19 November 2018. Retrieved 19 November 2018.

[60] "Ricard - Home". www.plucky.com.uy. Archived from the original on 1 May 2011. Retrieved 6 June 2022.

[61] MallowPuffs by Griffins Archived 24 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 14 May 2011

[62] Mallow puffs advertisement 2006, 27 May 2014, archived from the original on 3 May 2020, retrieved 26 January 2020

[63] Nashira Davids (29 July 2013). "Bye-bye to our Sweetie Pie". (Johannesburg) Times. Archived from the original on 23 November 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2015.

[64] "The return of the 'Sweetie Pie'". (Johannesburg) Times. 28 July 2014. Archived from the original on 22 November 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2015.

[65] "Calls to Re-brand the Popular Middle Eastern Snack with 'the Racist Name'". Archived from the original on 27 August 2022. Retrieved 27 August 2022.

[66] "Gandour". Gandour.com. Archived from the original on 23 January 2018. Retrieved 22 January 2018.

[67] "Ghandour wants us to eat "Tarboush" instead of "Ras El Abed"". Livinleb.wordpress.com. 2 November 2010. Archived from the original on 24 January 2018. Retrieved 22 January 2018.

[68] Owda, Bisan (17 April 2024). "Bisan Owda | A treasure! Look what I found!!". Instagram. Retrieved 18 April 2024.

[Chestnuts_Roasting_in_My_Gelato-69] "Chestnuts Roasting in My Gelato". Haaretz.com. Archived from the original on 9 November 2007. Retrieved 22 January 2018.

[ReferenceA-70] Strauss Krembo foil package, printed data, 15 February 2014.

[71] "שטראוס מכריזה רשמית על פתיחת עונת הקרמבו". News1.co.il. Archived from the original on 30 October 2016. Retrieved 30 October 2016.

[72] "קרמבו - כל מה שרצית לדעת ולא העזת לשאול". Kanisrael.co.il. 19 October 2004. Archived from the original on 30 October 2016. Retrieved 30 October 2016.

[TenThings-73] "10 Things you don't know about a krembo" (in Hebrew). Yedioth Ahronoth. 7 November 2003. Archived from the original on 12 March 2007. Retrieved 20 January 2007.

[74] "Krembo". Ccooksinfo.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 15 February 2014.

[TenThings2-75] "10 Things you don't know about a krembo" (in Hebrew). Yedioth Ahronoth. 7 November 2003. Archived from the original on 12 March 2007. Retrieved 20 January 2007.

[פיתוח_ישראלי_חדש:_קרמבו_גלידה-76] פיתוח ישראלי חדש: קרמבו גלידה. Ynet (in Hebrew). Yediot Aharonot. 7 February 2007. Archived from the original on 8 February 2007. Retrieved 7 February 2007.

[icecream-77] "New Israeli Development: Ice Cream Krembo" (in Hebrew). Ynet. 7 February 2007. Archived from the original on 8 February 2007. Retrieved 7 February 2007.

[78] Jamie (10 February 2023). "Chocolate-Covered Marshmallows". My Baking Addiction. Archived from the original on 1 May 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2023.

[79] "Chocolate-Dipped Marshmallows Are a Fun and Festive Treat". The Spruce Eats. Archived from the original on 1 May 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2023.

[80] "I'll Buy You A Chocolate Fish If." Nzetc.victoria.ac.nz. Archived from the original on 7 October 2016. Retrieved 22 January 2018.

[81] "The food we love – the tastes of New Zealanders". Christchurchcitylibraries.com. 13 October 2014. Archived from the original on 20 December 2014. Retrieved 22 January 2018.

[82] "Chocolate Marshmallow Pies". Little Debbie's website. Archived from the original on 12 February 2019. Retrieved 22 November 2015.

[83] "Scooter Pies". Old Time Candy. Archived from the original on 22 November 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2015.

[84] "Angel Pie (Mini)". Japanese Snack Reviews. 16 July 2010. Archived from the original on 22 November 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2015.

[85] "Wagon Wheels". Burton's Buscuit Company website. Archived from the original on 1 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.

[86] "Wagon Wheels". Dare Foods website. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]

[43]

[44]

[45]

[46]

[47]

[48]

[49]

[50]

[51]

[52]

[53]

[a]

[55]

[54]

[56]

[57]

[58]

[59]

[60]

[61]

[62]

[63]

[64]

[65]

[66]

[67]

[68]

[69]

[70]

[71]

[72]

[73]

[74]

[75]

[76]

[77]

[78]

[79]

[80]

[81]

[82]

[83]

[84]

[85]

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
 {{Infobox food
-| name             = Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats (originally flødeboller)
+| name = Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats
-| image            = Schaumkuss-1.jpg
+| image = Schaumkuss-1.jpg
-| image_size       = 250px
+| image_size = 250px
-| caption          = Classic chocolate-covered Schokokuss
+| caption = Classic chocolate-covered Schokokuss
-| alternate_name   = Chocolate teacakes
+| alternate_name = Chocolate teacakes, originally named {{lang|pt|flødeboller}}
-| country          = Denmark
+| country = Denmark
-| region           =
+| region =
-| creator          =
+| creator =
-| course           =
+| course =
-| type             = Treat
+| type = Treat
-| served           =
+| served =
-| main_ingredient  = Egg whites, chocolate
+| main_ingredient = Egg whites, chocolate
-| variations       =
+| variations =
-| calories         =
+| calories =
-| other            =
+| other =
 }}
-'''Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats''', IF JACK EATS HIS FOOD U WILL GAT MIRE CHOCOLATE also known as '''chocolate teacakes''', are confections consisting of a biscuit base topped with [[marshmallow]]-like filling and then coated in a hard shell of chocolate. They were invented in Denmark in the 19th century<ref>{{Cite web |title=Israelis consume 50 million 'krembos' every year |url=https://www.jpost.com/arts-and-culture/israelis-consume-50-million-krembos-every-year |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411172427/https://www.jpost.com/arts-and-culture/israelis-consume-50-million-krembos-every-year |archive-date=11 April 2023 |access-date=8 May 2023 |website=The Jerusalem Post &#124; JPost.com|date=15 October 2007 }}</ref> under the name Flødeboller (cream buns),and later also produced and distributed by Viau in Montreal as early as 1901. Numerous varieties exist, with regional variations in recipes. Some variants of these confections have previously been known in many countries by names comprising equivalents of the English word ''[[negro]]''.
+'''Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats''', also known as '''chocolate teacakes''', are confections consisting of a biscuit base topped with [[marshmallow]]-like filling and then coated in a hard shell of chocolate. They were invented in Denmark in the 19th century<ref>{{Cite web |title=Israelis consume 50 million 'krembos' every year |url=https://www.jpost.com/arts-and-culture/israelis-consume-50-million-krembos-every-year |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411172427/https://www.jpost.com/arts-and-culture/israelis-consume-50-million-krembos-every-year |archive-date=11 April 2023 |access-date=8 May 2023 |website=The Jerusalem Post &#124; JPost.com|date=15 October 2007 }}</ref> under the name {{Lang|pt|Flødeboller}} (cream buns), and later also produced and distributed by Viau in [[Montreal]] as early as 1901. Numerous varieties exist, with regional variations in recipes. Some variants of these confections have previously been known in many countries by names comprising equivalents of the English word [[negro]].
 == National varieties ==
@@ Line 45: / Line 45: @@
 [[File:Schwedenbomben Packung.JPG|thumb|Schwedenbomben]]
-The Austrian version of chocolate-coated egg white foam is called {{lang-de |Schwedenbombe |translation=Sweden-bomb}}. It was created in 1926 by Walter [[Heidi Chocolat AG, Niemetz Schwedenbomben|Niemetz]] who chose the name in honour of a friend of Swedish origin who had a hand in the development. Manufacturing started in 1930. Schwedenbomben were originally only sold at six per pack, but are now also available in packs of twelve and twenty. Regardless of the pack size, half the pieces in a pack are plain and the other half are sprinkled with coconut flakes.
+The Austrian version of chocolate-coated egg white foam is called {{langx |de|Schwedenbombe |translation=Sweden-bomb}}. It was created in 1926 by Walter [[Heidi Chocolat AG, Niemetz Schwedenbomben|Niemetz]] who chose the name in honour of a friend of Swedish origin who had a hand in the development. Manufacturing started in 1930. Schwedenbomben were originally only sold at six per pack, but are now also available in packs of twelve and twenty. Regardless of the pack size, half the pieces in a pack are plain and the other half are sprinkled with coconut flakes.
 Schwedenbomben are immensely popular in Austria with a market share of around 80% and a brand recognition of about 94%.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.cash.at/uploads/media/CASH_0414.pdf |magazine=CASH|date=April 2014 |title=Wieder voll da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304102113/http://www.cash.at/uploads/media/CASH_0414.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 }}</ref>
@@ Line 64: / Line 64: @@
 ==== Belgium ====
 In [[Belgium]], [[Milka]] branded it under the name ''Melo-Cakes''.<ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.milka.nl/Products/MILKA%20KOEKJES%20,-a-,%20CAKES/MELO-CAKES%20MILKA?p=8374&provider={D193998A-4A6D-4EA5-BAA8-209357B27A09}&categoryId=5558|title = MELO-CAKES MILKA|access-date = 1 February 2016}}</ref> These popular treats are sold in packages of six to thirty pieces.
+In [[Flanders]], the confection is known as ''negerinnentetten''. The word can either be translated as "negress's tits"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vlaamswoordenboek.be/definities/geschiedenis/132|title=Het Vlaams woordenboek » negerinnentet|website=Vlaamswoordenboek.be|access-date=22 January 2018|archive-date=23 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123072348/http://www.vlaamswoordenboek.be/definities/geschiedenis/132|url-status=dead}}</ref> or could originate from the French word for head, {{Lang|fr|tête}}, as the French word for this confection used to be {{Lang|fr|tête de nègre}}, which is French for "negro's head". This is also the probable origin of an alternative name ''negertetten''. Nowadays manufacturers market the confection under a different name, as the aforementioned terms are considered to be offensive.
 ==== {{anchor|schokokuss}}Germany ====
-[[File:Schokokuss 1 fcm.jpg|thumb|15 varieties of Schokokuss]]
+[[File:Schokokuss 1 (fcm).jpg|thumb|15 varieties of artisanal Schokokuss]]
-In [[Germany]], the {{lang-de |Schokokuss |lit=Choco-kiss|label=none|translation=}}<ref>{{IPA-de|ˈʃoːkoˌkʊs|pron|De-Schokokuss.ogg}}</ref> was first made commercially in 1920, although the first mention of them dates to 1892. Industrial manufacturing started in the 1950s. The sweets are made all year long, with approximately one billion made per year,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tagesspiegel.de/weltspiegel/essen-trinken/traeume-schaeume-sind/5767076.html |title=Träume Schäume sind |first=Jessica |last=Braun |date=30 October 2011 |language=de |website=Der Tagesspiegel |access-date=9 April 2021 |archive-date=17 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417024422/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/weltspiegel/essen-trinken/traeume-schaeume-sind/5767076.html |url-status=live }}</ref> placing average consumption at about one dozen per person per year. They are available in supermarkets and bakeries, and are traditionally sold at fairs. The interior is always egg white foam, sweetened with sugar, but there are also varieties using [[sugar substitutes]] available on the German market.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://germanfoods.org/german-food-facts/german-chocolates-and-confectionary-guide |title=Guide to German Chocolate and Confectionary |work=German Foods |year=2020 |access-date=9 April 2021 |archive-date=14 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414054420/https://germanfoods.org/german-food-facts/german-chocolates-and-confectionary-guide/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
+In [[Germany]], the {{langx |de|Schokokuss |lit=|label=none|translation=}} ({{IPA|de|ˈʃoːkoˌkʊs|pron|De-Schokokuss.ogg}}; "Choco-kiss") was first made commercially in 1920, although the first mention of them dates to 1892. Industrial manufacturing started in the 1950s. The sweets are made all year long, with approximately one billion made per year,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tagesspiegel.de/weltspiegel/essen-trinken/traeume-schaeume-sind/5767076.html |title=Träume Schäume sind |first=Jessica |last=Braun |date=30 October 2011 |language=de |website=Der Tagesspiegel |access-date=9 April 2021 |archive-date=17 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417024422/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/weltspiegel/essen-trinken/traeume-schaeume-sind/5767076.html |url-status=live }}</ref> placing average consumption at about one dozen per person per year. They are available in supermarkets and bakeries, and are traditionally sold at fairs. The interior is always egg white foam, sweetened with sugar, but there are also varieties using [[sugar substitutes]] available on the German market.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://germanfoods.org/german-food-facts/german-chocolates-and-confectionary-guide |title=Guide to German Chocolate and Confectionary |work=German Foods |year=2020 |access-date=9 April 2021 |archive-date=14 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414054420/https://germanfoods.org/german-food-facts/german-chocolates-and-confectionary-guide/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
-Sometimes they are consumed pressed between two halves of a bun, which is also referred to as a {{lang-de |Matschbrötchen |label=none}} ("Mud Roll" or "Squished Bread Roll"){{snd}}mostly by children.
+Sometimes they are consumed pressed between two halves of a bun, which is also referred to as a {{langx |de|Matschbrötchen |label=none}} ("Mud Roll" or "Squished Bread Roll"){{snd}}mostly by children.
-The original colloquial names were {{lang-de |Mohrenkopf |label=none}}<ref>{{IPA-de|ˈmoːʁənˌkɔp͡f|lang|De-Mohrenkopf.ogg}}</ref> ("Moor's Head") and {{lang-de |Negerkuss |label=none}} ("Negro's Kiss"), but after eventually accepting that these names are racist and therefore inappropriate,<ref name="wol22">{{cite web |url=https://www.verbraucherschutz.com/verbraucherwelt/mohrenkopf-negerkuss-woher-kommt-der-begriff-und-ist-dieser-rassistisch/ |title=Mohrenkopf & Negerkuss: Woher kommt der Begriff und ist dieser rassistisch? |first=Patricia |last=Wolf |website=Verbraucherschutz |language=de |date=3 August 2020 |access-date=21 August 2022 |archive-date=18 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818101923/https://www.verbraucherschutz.com/verbraucherwelt/mohrenkopf-negerkuss-woher-kommt-der-begriff-und-ist-dieser-rassistisch/ |url-status=live }}</ref> companies changed the product-name to {{lang-de |Schokoküsse |label=none}}<ref>{{IPA-de|ˈʃoːkoˌkʏsə|lang|De-Schokoküsse.ogg}}</ref> ("Chocolate Kisses"), {{lang-de |Schaumküsse |label=none}}<ref>{{IPA-de|ˈʃaʊ̯mˌkʏsə|lang|De-Schaumküsse.ogg}}</ref> ("Foam Kisses") or to brand-specific names like [[August Storck|Dickmann's]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.volkskrant.nl/binnenland/article148821.ece |title=Ook de negerzoen moet zich aanpassen |last=de Graaf |first=Peter |date=16 November 2005 |work=Volkskrant |language=nl |access-date=9 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071211102714/http://www.volkskrant.nl/binnenland/article148821.ece |archive-date=11 December 2007 }}</ref>
+The original colloquial names were {{langx |de|Mohrenkopf |label=none}}<ref>{{IPA|de|ˈmoːʁənˌkɔp͡f|lang|De-Mohrenkopf.ogg}}</ref> ("Moor's Head") and {{langx |de|Negerkuss |label=none}} ("Negro's Kiss"), but after eventually accepting that these names are racist and therefore inappropriate,<ref name="wol22">{{cite web |url=https://www.verbraucherschutz.com/verbraucherwelt/mohrenkopf-negerkuss-woher-kommt-der-begriff-und-ist-dieser-rassistisch/ |title=Mohrenkopf & Negerkuss: Woher kommt der Begriff und ist dieser rassistisch? |first=Patricia |last=Wolf |website=Verbraucherschutz |language=de |date=3 August 2020 |access-date=21 August 2022 |archive-date=18 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818101923/https://www.verbraucherschutz.com/verbraucherwelt/mohrenkopf-negerkuss-woher-kommt-der-begriff-und-ist-dieser-rassistisch/ |url-status=live }}</ref> companies changed the product-name to {{langx |de|Schokoküsse |label=none}}<ref>{{IPA|de|ˈʃoːkoˌkʏsə|lang|De-Schokoküsse.ogg}}</ref> ("Chocolate Kisses"), {{langx |de|Schaumküsse |label=none}}<ref>{{IPA|de|ˈʃaʊ̯mˌkʏsə|lang|De-Schaumküsse.ogg}}</ref> ("Foam Kisses") or to brand-specific names like [[August Storck|Dickmann's]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.volkskrant.nl/binnenland/article148821.ece |title=Ook de negerzoen moet zich aanpassen |last=de Graaf |first=Peter |date=16 November 2005 |work=Volkskrant |language=nl |access-date=9 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071211102714/http://www.volkskrant.nl/binnenland/article148821.ece |archive-date=11 December 2007 }}</ref>
 ==== Switzerland ====
-[[File:Mohrenkopffabrik Dubler Waltenschwil.webm|thumb|Production in the Swiss factory ''Mohrenkopffabrik Dubler'' in [[Waltenschwil]]]]In [[German-speaking Switzerland]] they are still sold as {{lang-de |Mohrenkopf |label=none}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dubler.net/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070721200702/http://www.dubler.net/ |title=Willkommen &#124; Dubler Mohrenkopf |archive-date=21 July 2007 |website=www.dubler.net }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.richterich-ag.ch/html/produkte.html |title=Othmar Richterich AG |work=richterich-ag.ch |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010015726/http://www.richterich-ag.ch/html/produkte.html |archive-date=10 October 2008 }}</ref> In the French-speaking part of Switzerland, as well as in France, they are known as Têtes Choco ("chocolate heads") or more commonly as {{lang-fr |Tête-de-nègre |label=none}} in France, which is also a racial slur.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chocolat-villars.com/Tetes-Choco-Perrier.254.0.html |title=Têtes Choco Perrier |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725005531/http://www.chocolat-villars.com/Tetes-Choco-Perrier.254.0.html |archive-date=25 July 2008 }}</ref>
+[[File:Mohrenkopffabrik Dubler Waltenschwil.webm|thumb|Production in the Swiss factory ''Mohrenkopffabrik Dubler'' in [[Waltenschwil]]]]In [[German-speaking Switzerland]] they are still sold as {{langx |de|Mohrenkopf |label=none}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dubler.net/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070721200702/http://www.dubler.net/ |title=Willkommen &#124; Dubler Mohrenkopf |archive-date=21 July 2007 |website=www.dubler.net }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.richterich-ag.ch/html/produkte.html |title=Othmar Richterich AG |work=richterich-ag.ch |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010015726/http://www.richterich-ag.ch/html/produkte.html |archive-date=10 October 2008 }}</ref> In the French-speaking part of Switzerland, as well as in France, they are known as Têtes Choco ("chocolate heads") or more commonly as {{langx |fr|Tête-de-nègre |label=none}} in France, which is also a racial slur.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chocolat-villars.com/Tetes-Choco-Perrier.254.0.html |title=Têtes Choco Perrier |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725005531/http://www.chocolat-villars.com/Tetes-Choco-Perrier.254.0.html |archive-date=25 July 2008 }}</ref>
 ==== Great Britain ====
@@ Line 81: / Line 83: @@
 ===== Scotland =====
-In the United Kingdom this confection is known as a chocolate teacake,<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7340101.stm Teacake set to cost taxman £3.5m] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080412100539/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7340101.stm |date=12 April 2008 }} BBC News report</ref> though it is entirely unlike the usual English [[teacake]], a [[sweet roll]] with [[dried fruit]] which is served toasted and [[butter]]ed. Teacakes are generally served in the afternoon alongside a traditional [[Tea in the United Kingdom|British tea]]. There are several manufacturers of chocolate teacakes in the UK, though the best known is [[Tunnock's]], a Scottish company founded in 1890.<ref name="ScotlandOnSunday">{{cite web |url=http://scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com/latestnews/Sweettooth-fans-swamp-Tunnock39s-tours.4186798.jp |title=Sweettooth fans swamp Tunnock's tours |work=Scotland On Sunday |publisher=The Scotsman |access-date=27 September 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081009232107/http://scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com/latestnews/Sweettooth-fans-swamp-Tunnock39s-tours.4186798.jp |archive-date=9 October 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It was invented by [[Boyd Tunnock|Sir Boyd Tunnock]] in 1956.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tunnock's – A chocolate Scottish institution|url=http://www.documentscotland.com/portfolio/tunnock-a-chocolatey-scottish-institution/|agency=Document Scotland|date=30 March 2018|access-date=30 March 2018|archive-date=30 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530054149/http://www.documentscotland.com/portfolio/tunnock-a-chocolatey-scottish-institution/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Tunnock">{{cite news|title=Tunnocks - About us. The teacake was born.|url=http://www.tunnock.co.uk/about-us/|agency=Tunnocks|date=30 March 2018|access-date=30 March 2018|archive-date=6 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406122756/http://www.tunnock.co.uk/about-us|url-status=live}}</ref> He developed the idea of using [[Italian meringue]]. He made a biscuit base, hand piped the mallow onto the base and covered it in [[milk chocolate]].<ref name="Tunnock"/> The [[Tunnock's teacake]] is commonly regarded in the same food category as the British [[biscuit]], eaten at break times with a cup of tea as shown in advertising for the product.<ref name="video">{{cite web|url=http://beesnees1.co.uk/beesnees/work_movie.asp?work=32&page=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081005141808/http://beesnees1.co.uk/beesnees/work_movie.asp?work=32&page=2|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 October 2008|title=Video showing Scotsman being welcomed home to Tunnock's Teacakes and a mug of tea|access-date=20 September 2008}}</ref> Popular throughout the UK, the Tunnock's Teacake enjoys iconic status in Scotland,<ref name="icon">{{cite web |url=http://www.britishdelights.com/tunnocks-teacakes.htm |title=Tunnock's Teacakes "genuine Scottish icons" according to "British Delights" website |access-date=20 September 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917020803/http://www.britishdelights.com/tunnocks-teacakes.htm |archive-date=17 September 2008 }}</ref> evoking memories of childhood,<ref name="Scotland">{{cite web|url=http://www.taste-of-scotland.com/scottish_food_products_breadsplate.html|title=A recognised favourite Scottish memory – Tunnock's Teacakes|access-date=20 September 2008|archive-date=29 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429134838/http://www.taste-of-scotland.com/scottish_food_products_breadsplate.html|url-status=live}}</ref> or symbolising "home" for Scots around the world.<ref name="video" />[[File:Tunnocksteacake.jpg|thumb|Three [[Tunnock's teacake]]s from Scotland, one unwrapped and one sliced in half to show the marshmallow filling]]
+In the United Kingdom this confection is known as a chocolate teacake,<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7340101.stm Teacake set to cost taxman £3.5m] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080412100539/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7340101.stm |date=12 April 2008 }} BBC News report</ref> though it is entirely unlike the usual English [[teacake]], a [[sweet roll]] with [[dried fruit]] which is served toasted and [[butter]]ed. Teacakes are generally served in the afternoon alongside a traditional [[Tea in the United Kingdom|British tea]]. There are several manufacturers of chocolate teacakes in the UK, though the best known is [[Tunnock's]], a Scottish company founded in 1890.<ref name="ScotlandOnSunday">{{cite web |url=http://scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com/latestnews/Sweettooth-fans-swamp-Tunnock39s-tours.4186798.jp |title=Sweettooth fans swamp Tunnock's tours |work=Scotland On Sunday |publisher=The Scotsman |access-date=27 September 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081009232107/http://scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com/latestnews/Sweettooth-fans-swamp-Tunnock39s-tours.4186798.jp |archive-date=9 October 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It was invented by [[Boyd Tunnock|Sir Boyd Tunnock]] in 1956.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tunnock's – A chocolate Scottish institution|url=http://www.documentscotland.com/portfolio/tunnock-a-chocolatey-scottish-institution/|agency=Document Scotland|date=30 March 2018|access-date=30 March 2018|archive-date=30 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530054149/http://www.documentscotland.com/portfolio/tunnock-a-chocolatey-scottish-institution/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Tunnock">{{cite news|title=Tunnocks - About us. The teacake was born.|url=http://www.tunnock.co.uk/about-us/|agency=Tunnocks|date=30 March 2018|access-date=30 March 2018|archive-date=6 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406122756/http://www.tunnock.co.uk/about-us|url-status=live}}</ref> He developed the idea of using [[Italian meringue]]. He made a biscuit base, hand piped the mallow onto the base and covered it in [[milk chocolate]].<ref name="Tunnock"/> The [[Tunnock's teacake]] is commonly regarded in the same food category as the British [[biscuit]], eaten at break times with a cup of tea as shown in advertising for the product.<ref name="video">{{cite web|url=http://beesnees1.co.uk/beesnees/work_movie.asp?work=32&page=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081005141808/http://beesnees1.co.uk/beesnees/work_movie.asp?work=32&page=2|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 October 2008|title=Video showing Scotsman being welcomed home to Tunnock's Teacakes and a mug of tea|access-date=20 September 2008}}</ref> Popular throughout the UK, the Tunnock's Teacake enjoys iconic status in Scotland,<ref name="icon">{{cite web |url=http://www.britishdelights.com/tunnocks-teacakes.htm |title=Tunnock's Teacakes "genuine Scottish icons" according to "British Delights" website |access-date=20 September 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917020803/http://www.britishdelights.com/tunnocks-teacakes.htm |archive-date=17 September 2008 }}</ref> evoking memories of childhood,<ref name="Scotland">{{cite web|url=http://www.taste-of-scotland.com/scottish_food_products_breadsplate.html|title=A recognised favourite Scottish memory – Tunnock's Teacakes|access-date=20 September 2008|archive-date=29 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429134838/http://www.taste-of-scotland.com/scottish_food_products_breadsplate.html|url-status=live}}</ref> or symbolising "home" for Scots around the world.<ref name="video" />[[File:Tunnocksteacake.jpg|thumb|Three [[Tunnock's teacake]]s from Scotland, one unwrapped and one sliced in half to show the Italian meringue filling]]
-The [[Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service]] gives Tunnock's Teacakes to [[blood donor]]s in Scotland after giving blood.<ref name="ScotsIndependentNews">{{cite web |url=http://www.scotsindependent.org/2007/071207/index_p.htm |title=The Scots Independent Newspaper on giving blood |access-date=27 September 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010041232/http://www.scotsindependent.org/2007/071207/index_p.htm |archive-date=10 October 2008 }}</ref> There is an online appreciation society for the Tunnock's Teacake<ref name="appreciation">{{cite web|url=http://upload.bebo.com/Profile.jsp?MemberId=2483699913&ShowSims=Y|title=Tunnock's Teacake Appreciation Society|access-date=20 September 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707221145/http://upload.bebo.com/Profile.jsp?MemberId=2483699913&ShowSims=Y|archive-date=7 July 2011}}</ref> and Dundee University also has an appreciation society for the Tunnocks Teacake.<ref name="ScotlandOnSunday" />  A giant fully edible replica of a Tunnocks Teacake was made by Michelle Kershaw and Nick Dodds at ''[[Pimp That Snack]]''.<ref name="PimpThatSnack">{{cite web|url=http://www.pimpthatsnack.com/project.php?projectID=311|title=Pimp That Snack make a Tunnocks Teacake|access-date=27 September 2008|archive-date=26 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926150552/http://www.pimpthatsnack.com/project.php?projectID=311|url-status=live}}</ref> The opening ceremony of the [[2014 Commonwealth Games]] in Glasgow featured giant dancing Tunnocks Teacakes.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tunnock's sales take the teacake after Commonwealth Games ceremony|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/jul/25/tunnocks-teacake-sales-commonwealth-games-opening-ceremony|access-date=26 July 2014|work=The Guardian|agency=Press Association|date=25 July 2014|archive-date=26 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726224451/http://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/jul/25/tunnocks-teacake-sales-commonwealth-games-opening-ceremony|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Tunnock's teacakes sales 'soar' after Glasgow 2014 show|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-28499415|access-date=26 July 2014|work=BBC News Online|publisher=BBC|date=26 July 2014|archive-date=27 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727052543/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-28499415|url-status=live}}</ref>
+The [[Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service]] gives Tunnock's Teacakes to [[blood donor]]s in Scotland after giving blood.<ref name="ScotsIndependentNews">{{cite web |url=http://www.scotsindependent.org/2007/071207/index_p.htm |title=The Scots Independent Newspaper on giving blood |access-date=27 September 2008 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010041232/http://www.scotsindependent.org/2007/071207/index_p.htm |archive-date=10 October 2008 }}</ref> There is an online appreciation society for the Tunnock's Teacake<ref name="appreciation">{{cite web|url=http://upload.bebo.com/Profile.jsp?MemberId=2483699913&ShowSims=Y|title=Tunnock's Teacake Appreciation Society|access-date=20 September 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707221145/http://upload.bebo.com/Profile.jsp?MemberId=2483699913&ShowSims=Y|archive-date=7 July 2011}}</ref> and Dundee University also has an appreciation society for the Tunnock's Teacake.<ref name="ScotlandOnSunday" /> A giant fully edible replica of a Tunnock's Teacake was made by Michelle Kershaw and Nick Dodds at ''[[Pimp That Snack]]''.<ref name="PimpThatSnack">{{cite web|url=http://www.pimpthatsnack.com/project.php?projectID=311|title=Pimp That Snack make a Tunnocks Teacake|access-date=27 September 2008|archive-date=26 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926150552/http://www.pimpthatsnack.com/project.php?projectID=311|url-status=live}}</ref> The opening ceremony of the [[2014 Commonwealth Games]] in Glasgow featured giant dancing Tunnock's Teacakes.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tunnock's sales take the teacake after Commonwealth Games ceremony|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/jul/25/tunnocks-teacake-sales-commonwealth-games-opening-ceremony|access-date=26 July 2014|work=The Guardian|agency=Press Association|date=25 July 2014|archive-date=26 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726224451/http://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/jul/25/tunnocks-teacake-sales-commonwealth-games-opening-ceremony|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Tunnock's teacakes sales 'soar' after Glasgow 2014 show|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-28499415|access-date=26 July 2014|work=BBC News Online|publisher=BBC|date=26 July 2014|archive-date=27 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727052543/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-28499415|url-status=live}}</ref>
-The product itself consists of a small round [[shortbread]] base covered with a hemisphere of [[Italian meringue]], a whipped [[egg white]] concoction similar to [[marshmallow]].<ref name=times-2010>{{cite news |url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/related_reports/mapping_british_business/article7096621.ece |title=The Willy Wonka of Tannochside: Tunnock's MD, Boyd Tunnock |access-date=24 April 2011 |author=Robert Lea |date=14 April 2010 |work=The Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926110107/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/related_reports/mapping_british_business/article7096621.ece |archive-date=26 September 2012 |location=London |url-status=dead }}</ref> As this soft white fondant is based on egg white rather than gelatine, it is much more delicate than marshmallow.<ref name="tea">{{cite web|url=http://www.nicecupofteaandasitdown.com/biscuits/previous.php3?item=23|title="Tunnocks Teacake" biscuit of the week|work=[[Nice Cup of Tea and a Sit Down]]|access-date=20 September 2008|archive-date=9 October 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081009203439/http://www.nicecupofteaandasitdown.com/biscuits/previous.php3?item=23|url-status=live}}</ref> This is then coated in a thin layer of milk or plain [[chocolate]] and, in the case of Tunnock's, wrapped in a distinctive red and silver [[foil (metal)|foil]] for the more popular milk chocolate variety, and a blue and gold wrapping for the plain chocolate type.  Several competing brands to Tunnock's, such as [[Lees' Foods]], also include jam in the centre of the teacake. In 2013 British café chain [[Costa Coffee]] introduced the giant marshmallow teacake, which is around three times the size of a standard teacake, with a chocolate biscuit base topped with marshmallow and raspberry jam in the centre.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}
+The product itself consists of a small round [[shortbread]] base covered with a hemisphere of [[Italian meringue]], a whipped [[egg white]] concoction similar to [[marshmallow]].<ref name=times-2010>{{cite news |url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/related_reports/mapping_british_business/article7096621.ece |title=The Willy Wonka of Tannochside: Tunnock's MD, Boyd Tunnock |access-date=24 April 2011 |author=Robert Lea |date=14 April 2010 |work=The Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926110107/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/related_reports/mapping_british_business/article7096621.ece |archive-date=26 September 2012 |location=London |url-status=dead }}</ref> As this soft white fondant is based on egg white rather than gelatine, it is much more delicate than marshmallow.<ref name="tea">{{cite web|url=http://www.nicecupofteaandasitdown.com/biscuits/previous.php3?item=23|title="Tunnocks Teacake" biscuit of the week|work=[[Nice Cup of Tea and a Sit Down]]|access-date=20 September 2008|archive-date=9 October 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081009203439/http://www.nicecupofteaandasitdown.com/biscuits/previous.php3?item=23|url-status=live}}</ref> This also means that a Tunnock's Teacake is suitable for vegetarians, unlike any marshmallow-based alternatives. The Italian meringue is then coated in a thin layer of milk or plain [[chocolate]] and, in the case of Tunnock's, wrapped in a distinctive red and silver [[foil (metal)|foil]] for the more popular milk chocolate variety, and a blue and gold wrapping for the plain chocolate type.  Several competing brands to Tunnock's, such as [[Lees' Foods]], also include jam in the centre of the teacake. In 2013 British café chain [[Costa Coffee]] introduced the giant marshmallow teacake, which is around three times the size of a standard teacake, with a chocolate biscuit base topped with marshmallow and raspberry jam in the centre.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}
 An argument about whether the teacake is a biscuit or a cake led to an action in the [[European Court of Justice]] by British company [[Marks and Spencer]]. The [[HM Revenue and Customs|UK tax authorities]] eventually accepted the company's argument that the teacakes were cakes (chocolate covered biscuits are taxed, cakes are not) but refused to repay most of the [[Value Added Tax|VAT]]. The European court ruled that in principle the tax should be repaid<ref name="BBC">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7340101.stm|title=BBC report on debate over status of teacake – cake or biscuit|access-date=27 September 2008|date=10 April 2008|work=BBC News|archive-date=25 December 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225003323/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7340101.stm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ManagementToday">{{cite web|url=http://www.managementtoday.co.uk/search/article/773818/the-great-teacake-mistake/|title=Management Today Business magazine on the Teacake name debate|access-date=27 September 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081009182829/http://www.managementtoday.co.uk/search/article/773818/the-great-teacake-mistake/|archive-date=9 October 2008}}</ref> and in a further hearing before the UK [[Law Lords]] in 2009, after 13 years of litigation, Marks and Spencer won full repayment of the tax they had paid from 1973 to 1994, amounting to £3.5 million.<ref name="BBCSuitResult">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7870265.stm|title=BBC report on Marks and Spencer being awarded the VAT that was wrongfully collected|date=4 February 2009|access-date=2 March 2014|work=BBC News|archive-date=6 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006142433/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7870265.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> This case was fought with [[Jaffa Cakes#Legal status|Jaffa cakes]].{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}
 ==== Netherlands ====
-In the [[Netherlands]] the name has been until 2006 ''Negerzoenen'' ("Negro kisses"). In 2005, the ''Foundation for Honor and Reparation of Payments for Victims of Slavery in Suriname'' fought to change the name. And that has happened.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Negerzoen |url=https://www.chocozoenen.com/service/negerzoen/?source=facebook |access-date=2024-02-06 |website=Chocozoenen.com |language=nl}}</ref> One of the largest producers have changed the name to ''Zoenen'' ("Kisses") and others followed. This led to some controversy, since the Dutch word ''neger'' was perceived by some as more neutral compared to the English equivalent ''negro'', though both terms are now widely considered pejorative and racist.<ref name="Taalunieversum">{{cite web|url=http://taalunieversum.org/nieuws/28/|title=Nieuwsberichten|website=Taalunieversum.org|access-date=22 January 2018|archive-date=30 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530054159/http://taalunieversum.org/nieuws/28/|url-status=live}}</ref> Those often package nine per box, and created the play on words ''Negen Zoenen'' ("Nine Kisses").
+In the [[Netherlands]] the name until 2006 was ''Negerzoenen'' ("Negro kisses"). In 2005, the ''Foundation for Honor and Reparation of Payments for Victims of Slavery in Suriname'' fought to change the name, which happened shortly after.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Negerzoen |url=https://www.chocozoenen.com/service/negerzoen/?source=facebook |access-date=2024-02-06 |website=Chocozoenen.com |language=nl}}</ref> One of the largest producers changed the name to ''Zoenen'' ("Kisses") and others followed. This led to some controversy, since the Dutch word ''neger'' was perceived by some as more neutral compared to the English equivalent ''negro'', though both terms are now widely considered pejorative and racist.<ref name="Taalunieversum">{{cite web|url=http://taalunieversum.org/nieuws/28/|title=Nieuwsberichten|website=Taalunieversum.org|access-date=22 January 2018|archive-date=30 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530054159/http://taalunieversum.org/nieuws/28/|url-status=live}}</ref> These are often packaged with nine per box, creating the play on words ''Negen Zoenen'' ("Nine Kisses").
 ==== Finland ====
 [[File:Brunbergin suukko.jpg|thumb|right|A Finnish "Brunberg's Kiss" without its wrapping]]
 In [[Finland]], the name originated from Germany, and they were named "Negro's Kisses" (''neekerinsuukot'') in 1951. In 2001 the name was changed to "Brunberg's Kisses", after the manufacturer [[Brunberg (company)|Brunberg]] from [[Porvoo]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.visitporvoo.fi/brunberg-chocolate-factory |title=Brunberg Chocolate Factory – Visit Porvoo |access-date=6 October 2020 |archive-date=29 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029175246/https://www.visitporvoo.fi/brunberg-chocolate-factory |url-status=dead }}</ref> for largely the same reasons as in Denmark, Germany, and elsewhere.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.brunberg.fi/tuotteet_suukot.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080504080430/http://www.brunberg.fi/tuotteet_suukot.html |title=Brunbergin Suukot|archive-date=4 May 2008}}</ref>
-==== Flanders ====
-In [[Flanders]], the confection is known as ''negerinnentetten''. The word can either be translated as "negress's tits"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vlaamswoordenboek.be/definities/geschiedenis/132|title=Het Vlaams woordenboek » negerinnentet|website=Vlaamswoordenboek.be|access-date=22 January 2018|archive-date=23 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123072348/http://www.vlaamswoordenboek.be/definities/geschiedenis/132|url-status=dead}}</ref> or could originate from the French word for head, {{Lang|fr|tête}}, as the French word for this confection used to be {{Lang|fr|tête de nègre}}, which is French for "negro's head". This is also the probable origin of an alternative name ''negertetten''. Nowadays manufacturers market the confection under a different name, as the aforementioned terms are considered to be offensive.
 === Eastern, Central and Southeastern Europe ===
@@ Line 104: / Line 103: @@
 In [[Hungary]], the product is called ''négercsók'' ("Negro kiss") and was first introduced in 1980 by the New World Farming and Food Industry Co-operative Society (Hungarian: Újvilág Mezőgazdasági és Élelmiszeripari Szövetkezet) to great success. The production was based on a Danish example, with Danish machinery.<ref>{{cite journal |date=3 April 1986 |title=Új tervek az édesüzemben |url=https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/PestMegyeiHirlap_1986_04/?pg=38&layout=s&query=n%C3%A9gercs%C3%B3k |journal=Ceglédi Hírlap |language=hu |volume=30 |issue=78 |access-date=14 June 2019 |archive-date=4 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210404171204/https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/PestMegyeiHirlap_1986_04/?pg=38&layout=s&query=n%C3%A9gercs%C3%B3k |url-status=live }}</ref> Production gradually declined in the 1990s when local confectionaries and food factories had to face heavy competition from abroad.<ref>{{cite journal |date=16 April 1999 |title=Az abonyi csóküzem keserű gondjai |url=https://adtplus.arcanum.hu/hu/view/NepszabadsagPM_1999_04/?query=n%C3%A9gercs%C3%B3k&pg=78&layout=s |journal=Népszabadság, Pest Megyei Krónika Melléklet |language=hu |issue=1999 April |access-date=14 June 2019 |archive-date=26 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426173808/https://adtplus.arcanum.hu/hu/view/NepszabadsagPM_1999_04/?query=n%C3%A9gercs%C3%B3k&pg=78&layout=s |url-status=live }}</ref>
-==== Ukraine ====
+==== Russia ====
 [[File:Zefir in chocolate coat2.JPG|thumb|A chocolate-coated zefir]]
-[[Zefir (food)|Zefir]] ({{lang-ukr|зефір}}, may also be spelled ''zephyr'' or ''zephir'') is made from fruit and berry [[purée]] with [[added sugar]] and whipped egg whites. It is commonly produced and sold in the countries of the former [[Soviet Union]].<ref>[http://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200022417 ГОСТ-6441-96, Изделия кондитерские пастильные, общие технические условия] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190610193920/http://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200022417 |date=10 June 2019 }} (Interstate Standard 6441-96, ''Pastila type confectionery. General specifications'')</ref> The recipe is a merger [[pastila]] with French [[meringue]]. The name given after the Greek god of the light west wind [[Zephyrus#Zephyrus|Zephyr]] symbolizes its delicate airy consistency.
+[[Zefir (food)|Zefir]] ({{lang-rus|зефи́р}}, may also be spelled ''zephyr'' or ''zephir'') is made from fruit and berry [[purée]] with [[added sugar]] and whipped egg whites. It is commonly produced and sold in the countries of the former [[Soviet Union]].<ref>[http://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200022417 ГОСТ-6441-96, Изделия кондитерские пастильные, общие технические условия] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190610193920/http://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200022417 |date=10 June 2019 }} (Interstate Standard 6441-96, ''Pastila type confectionery. General specifications'')</ref> The recipe is a merger of the traditional Russian [[pastila]] with French [[meringue]]. The name given after the Greek god of the light west wind [[Zephyrus#Zephyrus|Zephyr]] symbolizes its delicate airy consistency.
 The consistency is similar to that of marshmallows, Schokokuss or krembo. The form typically resembles traditional meringue. However, in contrast to commercial meringue, it is never crisp. Both pure and chocolate-coated versions are widespread. In contrast to the other confectioneries of this type, it has no biscuit base.
@@ Line 117: / Line 116: @@
 ==== Poland ====
-[[Warm ice cream]] ({{lang-pl|Ciepłe lody}})
+[[Warm ice cream]] ({{langx|pl|Ciepłe lody}}) is a Polish dessert or confection that could be seen as their version of the chocolate-covered marshmallow treat.
 ==== Serbia ====
@@ Line 136: / Line 135: @@
 ==== Argentina ====
-In Argentina, the confections were first comercialised in the 1970s and known as "Angelito negro"<ref>{{cite web |url=https://viapais.com.ar/gourmet/1229029-como-hacer-angelitos-negros-cremocoa-o-besos-de-moza/ |title=Cómo hacer angelitos negros, cremocoa o besos de moza &#124; Vía Gourmet |date=28 August 2019 }}</ref> (Little Black Angel) and later, "cremocoa". They were manufactured by Terrabusi<ref>{{cite web |url=https://infocielo.com/sociedad/era-la-cremocoa-oriental-dejan-fabricar-ricardito-uruguay-n762516 |title=Era la Cremocoa oriental: Dejan de fabricar "Ricardito" en Uruguay }}</ref> and are no longer in production, as in the country only the Uruguayan "ricarditos" are available.
+In Argentina, the confections were first commercialised in the 1970s and known as "Angelito negro"<ref>{{cite web |url=https://viapais.com.ar/gourmet/1229029-como-hacer-angelitos-negros-cremocoa-o-besos-de-moza/ |title=Cómo hacer angelitos negros, cremocoa o besos de moza &#124; Vía Gourmet |date=28 August 2019 }}</ref> (Little Black Angel) and later, "cremocoa". They were manufactured by Terrabusi<ref>{{cite web |url=https://infocielo.com/sociedad/era-la-cremocoa-oriental-dejan-fabricar-ricardito-uruguay-n762516 |title=Era la Cremocoa oriental: Dejan de fabricar "Ricardito" en Uruguay }}</ref> and are no longer in production, as in the country only the Uruguayan "ricarditos" are available.
 ==== Bolivia ====
@@ Line 171: / Line 170: @@
 ==== Iran ====
-In [[Iran]] this is considered a popular treat for children. The local version is sold under several brands, all commonly called ({{lang-fa|بستنی زمستانی|translit=Bastani zemestani}}; literally meaning "winter ice cream").
+In [[Iran]] this is considered a popular treat for children. The local version is sold under several brands, all commonly called ({{langx|fa|بستنی زمستانی|translit=Bastani zemestani}}; literally meaning "winter ice cream").
 ==== Levantine countries ====
-In [[Levant]]ine countries such as [[Syria]], [[Lebanon]], [[State of Palestine|Palestine]], and [[Jordan]], it has historically been called ({{lang-ar| راس العبد|translit=Ras Al-Abed}}; slave head), however it has since been renamed to ''Sambo''.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.albawaba.com/amp/node/calls-re-brand-popular-middle-eastern-snack-racist-name-1361314 | title=Calls to Re-brand the Popular Middle Eastern Snack with 'the Racist Name' | access-date=27 August 2022 | archive-date=27 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827004530/https://www.albawaba.com/amp/node/calls-re-brand-popular-middle-eastern-snack-racist-name-1361314 | url-status=live }}</ref> In [[Lebanon]], a local variation went on sale in the 1950s under the name ''ras el abd'' (slave's head) by [[Gandour]];<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gandour.com/|title=Gandour|website=Gandour.com|access-date=22 January 2018|archive-date=23 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123072252/http://www.gandour.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> however, it has since been changed to ''[[Fez (clothing)|Tarboush]]'' or ''Tarboosh'' (Fez) but continues to be referred to by the former name in public. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://livinleb.wordpress.com/2010/11/02/ghandour-wants-us-to-eat-tarboush-instead-of-ras-el-abed|title=Ghandour wants us to eat "Tarboush" instead of "Ras El Abed"|date=2 November 2010|website=Livinleb.wordpress.com|access-date=22 January 2018|archive-date=24 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124005649/https://livinleb.wordpress.com/2010/11/02/ghandour-wants-us-to-eat-tarboush-instead-of-ras-el-abed/|url-status=live}}</ref> It is also referred to as ''shetawi'' in Gaza, named after ''sheta'' meaning 'winter' because it is a winter sweet (although it is eaten in all seasons).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Owda |first=Bisan |date=2024-04-17 |title=Bisan Owda {{!}} A treasure! Look what I found!! |url=https://www.instagram.com/reel/C532KqrLCeW/?igsh=OHVyZXc0MTJ1dnN0 |access-date=2024-04-18 |website=Instagram}}</ref>
+In [[Levant]]ine countries such as [[Syria]], [[Lebanon]], [[Palestine]], and [[Jordan]], it has historically been called ({{langx|ar| راس العبد|translit=Ras Al-Abed}}; slave head), however it has since been renamed to ''Sambo''.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.albawaba.com/amp/node/calls-re-brand-popular-middle-eastern-snack-racist-name-1361314 | title=Calls to Re-brand the Popular Middle Eastern Snack with 'the Racist Name' | access-date=27 August 2022 | archive-date=27 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827004530/https://www.albawaba.com/amp/node/calls-re-brand-popular-middle-eastern-snack-racist-name-1361314 | url-status=live }}</ref> In [[Lebanon]], a local variation went on sale in the 1950s under the name ''ras el abd'' (slave's head) by [[Gandour]];<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gandour.com/|title=Gandour|website=Gandour.com|access-date=22 January 2018|archive-date=23 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123072252/http://www.gandour.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> however, it has since been changed to ''[[Fez (clothing)|Tarboush]]'' or ''Tarboosh'' (Fez) but continues to be referred to by the former name in public.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://livinleb.wordpress.com/2010/11/02/ghandour-wants-us-to-eat-tarboush-instead-of-ras-el-abed|title=Ghandour wants us to eat "Tarboush" instead of "Ras El Abed"|date=2 November 2010|website=Livinleb.wordpress.com|access-date=22 January 2018|archive-date=24 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124005649/https://livinleb.wordpress.com/2010/11/02/ghandour-wants-us-to-eat-tarboush-instead-of-ras-el-abed/|url-status=live}}</ref> It is also referred to as ''shetawi'' in Gaza, named after ''sheta'' meaning 'winter' because it is a winter sweet (although it is eaten in all seasons).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Owda |first=Bisan |date=2024-04-17 |title=Bisan Owda {{!}} A treasure! Look what I found!! |url=https://www.instagram.com/reel/C532KqrLCeW/?igsh=OHVyZXc0MTJ1dnN0 |access-date=2024-04-18 |website=Instagram}}</ref>
 ==== Israel ====
@@ Line 181: / Line 180: @@
 [[File:BoxkremboS.jpg|thumb|Foil-wrapped [[Krembo]], [[Cafe mocha|mocha]] and [[vanilla]] flavors]]
-''[[Krembo]]'' or ''Creambo'' ({{lang-he|קרמבו}}, a contraction meaning literally "Cream-in-it"), is the name of a chocolate-coated marshmallow treat that is popular in [[Israel]], especially in the winter as an alternative to ice-cream.<ref name="Chestnuts Roasting in My Gelato">{{cite web|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/921655.html|title=Chestnuts Roasting in My Gelato|website=Haaretz.com|access-date=22 January 2018|archive-date=9 November 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071109093726/https://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/921655.html|url-status=live}}</ref> "Krembo whipped snack" consists of a round [[biscuit]] base (17% of total weight), topped with fluffy [[marshmallow creme]]-like foam (53%), coated in a thin layer of [[compound chocolate]] (about 30%) and wrapped in colorful, thin aluminum foil.<ref name="ReferenceA">Strauss Krembo foil package, printed data, 15 February 2014.</ref> Over time, different flavorings have been attempted for the foam by the different manufacturers, but the most popular have always predominantly been the [[vanilla]] flavoring and, to a lesser extent, the [[Cafe mocha|mocha]] flavoring.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.news1.co.il/Archive/0020-D-180454-00.html|title = שטראוס מכריזה רשמית על פתיחת עונת הקרמבו|website = News1.co.il|access-date = 30 October 2016|archive-date = 30 October 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161030203224/http://www.news1.co.il/Archive/0020-D-180454-00.html|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.kanisrael.co.il/artical.asp?id=6050&cid=339|title = קרמבו - כל מה שרצית לדעת ולא העזת לשאול|website = Kanisrael.co.il| date=19 October 2004 |access-date = 30 October 2016|archive-date = 30 October 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161030203844/http://www.kanisrael.co.il/artical.asp?id=6050&cid=339|url-status = live}}</ref><ref name="TenThings" /> According to a study from 2003, funded by Strauss, Israel's leading Krembo producer, 69% of Israelis prefer to eat Krembos from the top down (starting with the cream), and only 10% start with the biscuit at the bottom; the rest had no preference.<ref name="TenThings" />
+''[[Krembo]]'' or ''Creambo'' ({{langx|he|קרמבו}}, a contraction meaning literally "Cream-in-it"), is the name of a chocolate-coated marshmallow treat that is popular in [[Israel]], especially in the winter as an alternative to ice-cream.<ref name="Chestnuts Roasting in My Gelato">{{cite web|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/921655.html|title=Chestnuts Roasting in My Gelato|website=Haaretz.com|access-date=22 January 2018|archive-date=9 November 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071109093726/https://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/921655.html|url-status=live}}</ref> "Krembo whipped snack" consists of a round [[biscuit]] base (17% of total weight), topped with fluffy [[marshmallow creme]]-like foam (53%), coated in a thin layer of [[compound chocolate]] (about 30%) and wrapped in colorful, thin aluminum foil.<ref name="ReferenceA">Strauss Krembo foil package, printed data, 15 February 2014.</ref> Over time, different flavorings have been attempted for the foam by the different manufacturers, but the most popular have always predominantly been the [[vanilla]] flavoring and, to a lesser extent, the [[Cafe mocha|mocha]] flavoring.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.news1.co.il/Archive/0020-D-180454-00.html|title = שטראוס מכריזה רשמית על פתיחת עונת הקרמבו|website = News1.co.il|access-date = 30 October 2016|archive-date = 30 October 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161030203224/http://www.news1.co.il/Archive/0020-D-180454-00.html|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.kanisrael.co.il/artical.asp?id=6050&cid=339|title = קרמבו - כל מה שרצית לדעת ולא העזת לשאול|website = Kanisrael.co.il| date=19 October 2004 |access-date = 30 October 2016|archive-date = 30 October 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161030203844/http://www.kanisrael.co.il/artical.asp?id=6050&cid=339|url-status = live}}</ref><ref name="TenThings" /> According to a study from 2003, funded by Strauss, Israel's leading Krembo producer, 69% of Israelis prefer to eat Krembos from the top down (starting with the cream), and only 10% start with the biscuit at the bottom; the rest had no preference.<ref name="TenThings" />
-European chocolate-coated marshmallow treats were popular as homemade sweets in [[Mandate Palestine]], where it was known as [[Cushi|Kushi]] ({{lang-he|כושי}}, roughly [[Negro]]) and Rosh Kushi ({{lang-he|ראש כושי}}, roughly "Negro's head") This name was borrowed from the names then used in Europe. It entered mass production in 1966.  The first manufacturer, the Whitman Company, coined the name ''Krembo''. In Hebrew, the word ''krembo'' is a combination of ''krem'' (cream) and ''bo'' (in it). A mocha flavour was introduced in 1967. In 1979 Whitman was acquired by [[Strauss-Elite|Strauss]] which has the major part of the krembo market in Israel.<ref>{{cite web|title = Krembo|url = http://www.cooksinfo.com/krembo|website = Ccooksinfo.com|access-date = 15 February 2014|archive-date = 22 February 2014|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140222133658/http://www.cooksinfo.com/krembo|url-status = live}}</ref> During the 1980s and 1990s, smaller manufacturers introduced additional flavours such as banana and strawberry but failed to achieve a significant market share. Today Strauss controls 54% of the krembo market in Israel.<ref name="TenThings" />
+European chocolate-coated marshmallow treats were popular as homemade sweets in [[Mandate Palestine]], where it was known as [[Cushi|Kushi]] ({{langx|he|כושי}}, roughly [[Negro]]) and Rosh Kushi ({{langx|he|ראש כושי}}, roughly "Negro's head") This name was borrowed from the names then used in Europe. It entered mass production in 1966.  The first manufacturer, the Whitman Company, coined the name ''Krembo''. In Hebrew, the word ''krembo'' is a combination of ''krem'' (cream) and ''bo'' (in it), and ever since only that name has been in use. A mocha flavour was introduced in 1967. In 1979 Whitman was acquired by [[Strauss-Elite|Strauss]] which has the major part of the krembo market in Israel.<ref>{{cite web|title = Krembo|url = http://www.cooksinfo.com/krembo|website = Ccooksinfo.com|access-date = 15 February 2014|archive-date = 22 February 2014|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140222133658/http://www.cooksinfo.com/krembo|url-status = live}}</ref> During the 1980s and 1990s, smaller manufacturers introduced additional flavours such as banana and strawberry but failed to achieve a significant market share. Today Strauss controls 54% of the krembo market in Israel.<ref name="TenThings" />
 Krembos are a seasonal treat sold only four months a year, from October to February.<ref name="Chestnuts Roasting in My Gelato"/> Nevertheless, 50 million krembos are sold each year—an average of 9 per person.<ref name="TenThings2">{{cite news|title = 10 Things you don't know about a krembo|url = http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-2813501,00.html|publisher = [[Yedioth Ahronoth]]|date = 7 November 2003|access-date = 20 January 2007|language = he|archive-date = 12 March 2007|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070312202824/http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-2813501,00.html|url-status = live}}</ref> Krembos are exported to the United States and Canada, and sold mostly in kosher shops and import stores.<ref name="פיתוח ישראלי חדש: קרמבו גלידה">{{cite news |script-title=he:פיתוח ישראלי חדש: קרמבו גלידה |url=http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3361646,00.html |publisher=Yediot Aharonot |date=7 February 2007 |access-date=7 February 2007 |language=he |newspaper=Ynet |archive-date=8 February 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208002826/http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3361646,00.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
-In 2005, [[Strauss Group|Strauss]] signed an agreement with [[Unilever]] to export ice cream and krembos to the United States and Canada due to a demand for products of this type with strict [[Kosher]] certification. Under terms of the agreement, they may be sold only in kosher supermarkets and import shops. The distributor in [[North America]] is Dairy Delight, a subsidiary of Norman's Dairy.<ref name="icecream">{{cite news|title = New Israeli Development: Ice Cream Krembo|url = http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3361646,00.html|publisher = [[Ynet]]|date = 7 February 2007|access-date = 7 February 2007|language = he|archive-date = 8 February 2007|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070208002826/http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3361646,00.html|url-status = live}}</ref> In 2007, [[Nestlé]] introduced an ice cream variation of krembo called ''Lekbo'' ({{lang-he|לקבו}}, "lick inside").
+In 2005, [[Strauss Group|Strauss]] signed an agreement with [[Unilever]] to export ice cream and krembos to the United States and Canada due to a demand for products of this type with strict [[Kosher]] certification. Under terms of the agreement, they may be sold only in kosher supermarkets and import shops. The distributor in [[North America]] is Dairy Delight, a subsidiary of Norman's Dairy.<ref name="icecream">{{cite news|title = New Israeli Development: Ice Cream Krembo|url = http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3361646,00.html|publisher = [[Ynet]]|date = 7 February 2007|access-date = 7 February 2007|language = he|archive-date = 8 February 2007|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070208002826/http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3361646,00.html|url-status = live}}</ref> In 2007, [[Nestlé]] introduced an ice cream variation of krembo called ''Lekbo'' ({{langx|he|לקבו}}, "lick inside").
 The average krembo weighs {{convert|25|g|oz|2|abbr=off}} and has 115 [[calorie]]s.<ref name="TenThings">{{cite news |title=10 Things you don't know about a krembo |url=http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-2813501,00.html |publisher=[[Yedioth Ahronoth]] |date=7 November 2003 |access-date=20 January 2007 |language=he |archive-date=12 March 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312202824/http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-2813501,00.html |url-status=live }}</ref> According to the fine print on packing foil, per 100&nbsp;g of krembo there are 419 calories, 3.2&nbsp;g protein, 64&nbsp;g carbohydrates (of which 54&nbsp;g are sugars); 16.7% Fats (of which 13.9% are poly-saturated fatty acids, less than 0.5% are trans fatty acids) and 67&nbsp;mg sodium.<ref name="ReferenceA" />

v t e Chocolate
Cocoa bean	Chocolate liquor Cocoa butter Cocoa solids Theobroma cacao Types
Components	Anandamide Caffeine Endorphins Enkephalin Flavan-3-ol Lecithin Phenethylamine Phenylalanine Salsolinol Tetramethylpyrazine Theobromine Theophylline Tryptamine Tryptophan Tyramine Tyrosine Valeric acid
Types	Baking Dark Gianduja Milk Organic Raw Ruby White
Products	Caffè mocha Chocolate bar Brands Chocolate biscuit Chocolate brownie Chocolate cake Chocolate chip cookie Chocolate chip Chocolate coins Chocolate crackles Chocolate gravy Chocolate ice cream Chocolate liqueur Chocolate milk Chocolate pudding Chocolate spread Chocolate syrup Chocolate truffle Cioccolato di Modica Fudge Ganache Hot chocolate Other beverages Chocolate-covered foods Mint chocolate Mole
Processes	Aerated chocolate Broma process Conching Dutch process Enrober Sugar crust Tempering
Industry	Bean-to-bar Manufacturers Big Chocolate Chocolaterie Chocolatier Côte d'Ivoire–Ghana Cocoa Initiative The Dark Side of Chocolate Environmental impact European Cocoa and Chocolate Directive Fair trade cocoa Child labour in cocoa production Harkin–Engel Protocol International Cocoa Organization International Cocoa Quarantine Centre Philippine chocolate industry Production in Ghana Ghana Cocoa Board Production in Ivory Coast Production in Nigeria Production in São Tomé and Príncipe World Cocoa Foundation
By country	Belgium France Switzerland
Other topics	Chocolate addiction Chocolate bloom Chocolate fountain Chocolate museums Chocolatiers Cocoa smuggling History In savory cooking Military chocolate Switzerland United States
Category Outline