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{{short description|Uzbekistani musician}}
{{short description|Uzbekistani musician}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Mukhtar Ashrafi
| name = Mukhtar Ashrafi
| image =
| native_name_lang = uz
| alt =
| native_name = {{nobold|Muxtor Ashrafiy}}
| caption =
| image =
| birth_name =
| alt =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1912|05|29}}
| caption =
| birth_place = [[Bukhara]]
| birth_name =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1975|12|10|1912|05|29}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1912|05|29|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Tashkent]], Uzbek SSR
| birth_place = [[Bukhara]], Russian Empire (now Uzbekistan)
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1975|12|15|1912|05|29|df=y}}
| nationality =
| death_place = [[Tashkent]], Uzbek SSR, Soviet Union
| other_names =
| occupation = composer
| nationality =
| years_active =
| other_names =
| known_for =
| occupation = Composer
| notable_works =
| awards = Stalin Prize, Order of Lenin (twice), Order of the Red Banner of Labor (twice), • Order of the Badge of Honor
}}
}}

'''Mukhtar Ashrafi''' ({{lang-ru|Мухтар Ашрафович Ашрафи}}, Uzbek: ''Muxtor Ashrafiy'';
{{OldStyleDate|11 June|1912|29 May}} in [[Bukhara]] – 10 December 1975 in [[Tashkent]]) was a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[Uzbekistan|Uzbek]] composer. He was named [[People's Artist of the USSR]] in 1951.<ref>{{cite Grove |title=Ashrafi, Muhtar |last=Sultanova |first=Razia |year=2001 |doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.45041 |ref=harv }}</ref> He became a member of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] in 1941 was awarded the [[State Stalin Prize|Stalin Prize]] in 1943 and 1952.<ref name=":0" /> He is known as the author of the first Uzbek opera “Buran” (together with Sergei Vasilenko) and the first Uzbek symphony.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=АШРАФИ МУХТАР АШРАФОВИЧ ( Композитор, дирижер)|url=https://tashkentpamyat.ru/ashrafi-mukhtar-ashrafovich-kompozitor-dirizher-.html|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-01-15|website=tashkentpamyat.ru}}</ref>
'''Mukhtar Ashrafovich Ashrafi'''{{efn|{{bulleted list|{{langx|uz|Muxtor Ashrafovich Ashrafiy}}|{{langx|ru|Мухтар Ашрафович Ашрафи|{{transliteration|ru|Mukhtar Ashrafovich Ashrafi}}}}}}}} ({{OldStyleDate|11 June|1912|29 May}}{{spaced ndash}}15 December 1975) was a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[Uzbekistan|Uzbek]] composer. He was awarded the title [[People's Artist of the USSR]] in 1951.<ref>{{cite Grove |title=Ashrafi, Muhtar |last=Sultanova |first=Razia |year=2001 |id=45041 }}</ref> He became a member of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] in 1941 was awarded the [[USSR State Prize|Stalin Prize]] in 1943 and 1952.<ref name=":0" /> He is known as the author of the first Uzbek opera "Buran" (together with [[Sergei Vasilenko]]) and the first Uzbek symphony.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=АШРАФИ МУХТАР АШРАФОВИЧ (Композитор, дирижер) |trans-title=ASHRAFI MUKHTAR ASHRAFOVICH (Composer, conductor) |url=https://tashkentpamyat.ru/ashrafi-mukhtar-ashrafovich-kompozitor-dirizher-.html |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=tashkentpamyat.ru}}</ref>


His daughter [[Muqadamma Ashrafi|Muqadamma]] was a noted medievalist.<ref name="AbdullaevAkbarzaheh2010">{{cite book|author1=Kamoludin Abdullaev|author2=Shahram Akbarzaheh|title=Historical Dictionary of Tajikistan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PB5xgFRuYPUC|date=27 April 2010|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-7379-7}}</ref>
His daughter [[Muqadamma Ashrafi|Muqadamma]] was a noted medievalist.<ref name="AbdullaevAkbarzaheh2010">{{cite book|author1=Kamoludin Abdullaev|author2=Shahram Akbarzaheh|title=Historical Dictionary of Tajikistan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PB5xgFRuYPUC|date=27 April 2010|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-7379-7}}</ref>


== Early life and education ==
== Early life and education ==
Mukhtar Ashrafi was born on 29 May (11 June) 1912 in Bukhara.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Мухтар Ашрафи|url=https://www.kino-teatr.ru/kino/composer/sov/34180/bio/|access-date=2021-01-15|website=Кино-Театр.РУ}}</ref> He grew up in the family of his father, a famous Bukhara singer and musician Ashrafzhan Hafiza.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Мухтар Ашрафи и узбекская народная музыка|url=https://mus.academy/articles/mukhtar-ashrafi-i-uzbekskaya-narodnaya-muzyka|access-date=2021-01-15|website=mus.academy|language=en}}</ref> At the age of seven, Ashrafi began to play Uzbek folk instruments improvising on the dutar.<ref name=":0" /> In 1924, he entered Oriental Music School in Bukhara.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Союз композиторов и бастакоров Узбекистана - АШРАФИ МУХТАР|url=http://www.commus.uz/index.php/ru/35-struktura/russian/331-ashrafi-mukhtar|access-date=2021-01-15|website=www.commus.uz}}</ref> In 1928, Ashrafi graduated a dutar class in Bukhara and entered the Samarkand Institute of Music and Choreography.<ref name=":0" />
Mukhtar Ashrafi was born on 29 May (11 June) 1912 in [[Bukhara]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Мухтар Ашрафи |trans-title=Mukhar Ashrafi |url=https://www.kino-teatr.ru/kino/composer/sov/34180/bio/ |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=Кино-Театр.РУ}}</ref> He grew up in the family of his father, a famous Bukhara singer and musician Ashrafzhan Hafiza.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Мухтар Ашрафи и узбекская народная музыка |trans-title=Mukhtar Ashrafi and Uzbek Folk Music |url=https://mus.academy/articles/mukhtar-ashrafi-i-uzbekskaya-narodnaya-muzyka |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=mus.academy |language=en}}</ref> At the age of seven, Ashrafi began to play Uzbek folk instruments improvising on the [[dutar]].<ref name=":0" /> In 1924, he entered Oriental Music School in Bukhara.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Союз композиторов и бастакоров Узбекистана - АШРАФИ МУХТАР |trans-title=Union of Composers and Bastakors of Uzbekistan - ASHRAFI MUKHTAR |url=http://www.commus.uz/index.php/ru/35-struktura/russian/331-ashrafi-mukhtar |access-date=2021-01-15 |website=www.commus.uz}}</ref> In 1928, Ashrafi graduated a dutar class in Bukhara and entered the Samarkand Institute of Music and Choreography.<ref name=":0" />


From 1934 to 1936, he studied in a composition class of Sergei Vasilenko at the Moscow Conservatory.<ref name=":1" /> In 1934, Ashrafi wrote Komsomol and pioneer songs, and in 1935-1936, he wrote lyrical songs on the words of Ruzuli, working on his first opera at the same time.<ref name=":2" />
From 1934 to 1936, he studied in a composition class of [[Sergei Vasilenko]] at the [[Moscow Conservatory]].<ref name=":1" /> In 1934, Ashrafi wrote Komsomol and pioneer songs, and in 1935-1936, he wrote lyrical songs on the words of Ruzuli, working on his first opera at the same time.<ref name=":2" />


Together with his teacher, Sergei Vasilenko, Ashrafi wrote the first Uzbek opera “Buran” that was staged in 1939, starting the history of Uzbek Opera and Ballet Theater.<ref name=":2" />
Together with his teacher, Sergei Vasilenko, Ashrafi wrote the first Uzbek opera “Buran” that was staged in 1939, starting the history of [[Navoi Theater|Uzbek Opera and Ballet Theater]].<ref name=":2" />


In 1941-1944, Ashrafi studied composition at the Leningrad Conservatory.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Мухтар Ашрафович Ашрафи (Mukhtar Ashrafi) {{!}} Belcanto.ru|url=https://www.belcanto.ru/ashrafi.html|access-date=2021-01-16|website=www.belcanto.ru}}</ref> In 1948, he graduated from the conducting faculty of the Leningrad Conservatory as an external student.<ref name=":1" />
In 1941-1944, Ashrafi studied composition at the [[Saint Petersburg Conservatory|Leningrad Conservatory]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Мухтар Ашрафович Ашрафи (Mukhtar Ashrafi) {{!}} Belcanto.ru|url=https://www.belcanto.ru/ashrafi.html|access-date=2021-01-16|website=www.belcanto.ru}}</ref> In 1948, he graduated from the conducting faculty of the Leningrad Conservatory as an external student.<ref name=":1" />


== Career ==
== Career ==
In 1942, Ashrafi created the first Uzbek heroic symphony.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=Неизвестный Ташкент: Мухтар Ашрафи и музыка на просторах музея|url=http://vot.uz/article/2016/08/19/dom-muzey-ashrafi|access-date=2021-01-16|website=vot.uz|language=en-US}}</ref>
In 1942, Ashrafi created the first Uzbek heroic symphony.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Неизвестный Ташкент: Мухтар Ашрафи и музыка на просторах музея |trans-title=Unknown Tashkent: Mukhtar Ashrafi and music in the museum space |url=http://vot.uz/article/2016/08/19/dom-muzey-ashrafi |access-date=2021-01-16 |website=vot.uz |language=en-US}}</ref> From 1943 to 1947, Ashrafi was a director of Alisher Navoi Uzbek Opera and Ballet Theater.<ref name=":3" /> Since 1944 Ashrafi was a teacher, and since 1953 - a professor at the Tashkent Conservatory.<ref name=":1" />
[[File:Сommemorative_plaque,_Mukhtar_Ashrafi_museum.JPG|thumb|Сommemorative plaque, Mukhtar Ashrafi museum]]
From 1943 to 1947, Ashrafi was a director of Alisher Navoi Uzbek Opera and Ballet Theater.<ref name=":3" /> Since 1944 Ashrafi was a teacher, and since 1953 - a professor at the Tashkent Conservatory.<ref name=":1" />


In 1964-66 he was a director, artistic director and chief conductor of the Samarkand Opera and Ballet Theater, and since 1966 - a director, artistic director and chief conductor of the State Academic Bolshoi Theater of the Uzbek SSR in Tashkent.<ref name=":4" />
In 1964-66 he was a director, artistic director and chief conductor of the Samarkand Opera and Ballet Theater, and since 1966 - a director, artistic director and chief conductor of the State Academic Bolshoi Theater of the Uzbek SSR in Tashkent.<ref name=":4" />


From 1971 to 1975, Ashrafi was a rector of the Tashkent Conservatory.<ref name=":0" />
From 1971 to 1975, Ashrafi was rector of the Tashkent Conservatory.<ref name=":0" />


Ashrafi is the author of the books "Indian Diaries" (in Russian and Uzbek), "Music in my life", numerous articles in magazines and periodicals.<ref name=":3" />
Ashrafi is the author of the books "Indian Diaries" (in Russian and Uzbek), "Music in my life", numerous articles in magazines and periodicals.<ref name=":3" />


He died on 15 December 1975 in [[Tashkent]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Ўзбекистон Компартияси Марказий Комитети, Ўзбекистон ССР Олий Совети Президиуми, Ўзбекистон ССР Министрлар Советидан|work=Sovet Oʻzbekistoni|date=16 December 1975|language=uz|page=1|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/obituary-clipping-dec-16-1975-4661897/}}</ref>
Mukhtar Ashrafi died on 15 December 1975 in Tashkent.<ref name=":1" /> In 1976 Tashkent Conservatory was named after Ashrafi.<ref name=":4" />


== Awards and honors ==
== Awards and honours ==
* [[People's Artist of the USSR]] (6 December 1951)<ref>{{cite news |date=8 December 1951 |title=Указ Президиум Верховного Совета СССР О присвоении почетных званий артистам Узбекской ССР |trans-title=Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR On the awarding of honorary titles to artists of the Uzbek SSR |work=Sovetskoe iskusstvo |page=1 |language=ru}}</ref>
In 1937, Ashrafi was awarded a title of an Honored Artist of the Uzbek SSR.<ref name=":3" /> The same year he received an Order of the Badge of Honor (1937).<ref name=":3" /> In 1939 Ashrafi was awarded a title of the People’s Artist of Uzbek SSR, as well as his first Order of the Red Banner of Labor.<ref name=":0" />
* People's Artist of the Uzbek SSR (1939)<ref name=":OzME">{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=[[National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan|Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi]]|url=https://n.ziyouz.com/books/uzbekiston_milliy_ensiklopediyasi/O'zbekiston%20Milliy%20Ensiklopediyasi%20-%20A%20harfi.pdf|language=uz|title=Ашрафий Мухтор Ашрафович|trans-title=Ashrafiy Muxtor Ashrafovich|volume=1|year=2000|publisher=Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi|location=[[Tashkent]]}}</ref>
* Stalin prize 2nd class (1943)<ref>{{cite news |date=21 March 1943 |title=А) Музыки |trans-title=A) Music |work=Literatura i iskusstvo |page=1 |language=ru}}</ref>
* Stalin prize 3rd class (1952)<ref>{{cite news |date=18 March 1952 |title=Ж. Музыки |trans-title=Zh.) Music |work=Pravda Vostoka |page=2 |language=ru}}</ref>
* [[State Hamza Prize]] (1970)<ref>{{cite news |date=17 April 1970 |title=Адабиёт, санъат ва архитектура соҳасида Ҳамза номли Ўзбекистон ССР давлат мукофотларини бериш тўғрисида |trans-title=On awarding the state awards of the Uzbekistan SSR named after Hamza in the fields of literature, art and architecture |url=https://newspaperarchive.com/advertisement-clipping-apr-17-1970-4425560/ |work=Sovet Oʻzbekistoni |page=1 |language=uz |issue=90}}</ref>
* Two [[Order of Lenin]] (6 December 1951<ref>{{cite news |date=8 December 1951 |title=Указ Президиума Верховного Совета СССР О награждении орденами и медалями работников литературы и искусства Узбекской ССР |trans-title=Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR On awarding orders and medals to workers of literature and art of the Uzbek SSR |url=https://portal-kultura.ru/upload/iblock/85c/1951.12.08.pdf |work=Sovetskoe iskusstvo |page=1 |language=ru |issue=98}}</ref> and 12 June 1972)<ref>{{cite news |date=14 June 1972 |title=Указ Президиума Верховного Совета СССР О награждении компоситора Ашрафи М.А. орденом Ленина |trans-title=Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR On awarding composer Ashrafi M.A. with the Order of Lenin |work=Pravda Vostoka |page=1 |language=ru}}</ref>
* Two [[Order of the Red Banner of Labour]] (22 December 1939<ref>{{cite news |date=24 December 1939 |title=Награждение строителей Большого Ферганского канала имени тов. И. В. Сталина |trans-title=Awarding of the builders of the Great Fergana Canal named after Comrade I. V. Stalin |work=Pravda |page=1 |language=ru}}</ref> and 18 March 1959)<ref>{{cite news |date=19 March 1959 |title=Указ Президиума Верховного Совета СССР О награждении орденами и медалями СССР работников искусства и литературы Узбекской ССР |trans-title=Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR On awarding orders and medals of the USSR to workers of art and literature of the Uzbek SSR |work=Pravda Vostoka |page=1 |language=ru}}</ref>
* [[Order of the Badge of Honour]] (31 May 1937)<ref>{{cite news |date=1 June 1937 |title=О награждении работников Узбекского музыкального театра и Узбекской филармонии — участников декады Узбекского искусства в Москве |trans-title=On the awarding of employees of the Uzbek Musical Theatre and the Uzbek Philharmonic - participants of the decade of Uzbek art in Moscow |work=Pravda |page=1 |language=ru}}</ref>
* [[Medal "For Valiant Labour in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"]] (25 December 1944)<ref>{{cite news |date=26 January 1944 |title=Указ Президиума Верховного Совета СССР О награждении орденами и медалями колхозников, колхозниц, работников сельского хозяйства, промышленности, науки, културы и искусства Узбекской ССР |url=https://www.lib.tsu.ru/mminfo/2020/000462771/1945/1945_003.pdf |work=Vedomosti of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR |page=2 |language=ru |issue=3}}</ref>


⚫
In 1976, Tashkent Conservatory was named after him.<ref name=":4" /> On the occasion of the 70th birthday of Ashrafi, on 11 June 1982, a museum was opened in the house where he lived and worked from 1967 to 1975.<ref name=":5" /> In 2019, a memorial evening of Ashrafi was held in the assembly hall of the Union of Composers and Bastakors of Uzbekistan.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Насыбуллина|first=Гузель|date=2019-06-14|title=Вечер памяти Мухтара Ашрафи состоялся в Ташкенте {{!}} Всемирный конгресс татар|url=http://tatar-congress.org/ru/yanalyklar/vecher-pamyati-muhtara-ashrafi-sostoyalsya-v-tashkente/,%20http://tatar-congress.org/ru/yanalyklar/vecher-pamyati-muhtara-ashrafi-sostoyalsya-v-tashkente/|access-date=2021-01-16|language=ru}}</ref>
In 1943, for the "Heroic Symphony" he was awarded the second Stalin Prize degree (50,000 rubles), which he donated to the Defense Fund for the creation of an air squadron and a tank column.<ref name=":0" />

In 1951, Ashrafi was awarded a title of the People’s Artist of the USSR.<ref name=":0" /> The same year he received his first Order of Lenin.<ref name=":1" />

In 1952, he received Stalin Prize of the third degree for the cantata "Song about happiness".<ref name=":4" /> In 1959, Ashrafi was awarded his second Order of the Red Banner of Labor.<ref name=":0" /> His other awards include a Medal "In commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin", a Medal "For valiant labor in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945" and a State Prize of the Uzbek SSR named after Hamza (1970).<ref name=":1" />

⚫
On the occasion of the 70th anniversary of Ashrafi, on 11 June 1982, a museum was opened in the house where he lived and worked from 1967 to 1975.<ref name=":5" /> In 2019, a memorial evening of Ashrafi was held in the assembly hall of the Union of Composers and Bastakors of Uzbekistan.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Насыбуллина|first=Гузель|date=2019-06-14|title=Вечер памяти Мухтара Ашрафи состоялся в Ташкенте {{!}} Всемирный конгресс татар|url=http://tatar-congress.org/ru/yanalyklar/vecher-pamyati-muhtara-ashrafi-sostoyalsya-v-tashkente/,%20http://tatar-congress.org/ru/yanalyklar/vecher-pamyati-muhtara-ashrafi-sostoyalsya-v-tashkente/|access-date=2021-01-16|language=ru-RU}}</ref>


==Selected works==
==Selected works==
Line 75: Line 73:
* Oratorio ''Skazanie o Rustame'' (1974)
* Oratorio ''Skazanie o Rustame'' (1974)
* Music for theater, films, etc.
* Music for theater, films, etc.

==Controversy==
Ashrafi was accused of plagiarism in 1959, and [[Dmitri Shostakovich]] concluded that the allegations were true.<ref>{{cite book|title=Shostakovich Reconsidered|publisher=Toccata Press|date=1998|last1=Ho|first1=Allan Benedict|last2=Feofanov|first2=Dmitry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WpQIAQAAMAAJ|page=268}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Testimony: The Memoirs of Dmitri Shostakovich|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|date=2004|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Eh0LEQAAQBAJ|page=199}}</ref> He was expelled from the Composers' Union, but later was allowed to return.<ref>{{cite book|title=Music of the Soviet Era: 1917-1991|last=Hakobian|first=Levon|date=2016|publisher=Routledge|page=122|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kM2VDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT122}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{notelist}}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
<references />

===Further reading===
* {{cite news|last=Rakhmanov|first=M.|title=Мелодии новой жизни|work=Pravda Vostoka|date=9 June 1972|page=4|language=ru}}
* {{cite news|last=Tatybayeva|first=A.|title=Маэстро Ашрафи|date=9 June 1992|work=Vecherny Tashkent|language=ru|page=2}}
* {{cite news|last=Jumayev|first=T.|title=Ижодкорнинг йўли|work=Sovet Oʻzbekistoni|date=9 June 1972|page=4|language=uz|url=https://newspaperarchive.com/celebrity-clipping-jun-09-1972-4648486/}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ashrafi, Mukhtar}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ashrafi, Mukhtar}}
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[[Category:1912 births]]
[[Category:1975 deaths]]
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[[Category:20th-century classical composers]]
[[Category:People from Bukhara]]
[[Category:Communist Party of the Soviet Union members]]
[[Category:Saint Petersburg Conservatory alumni]]
[[Category:People's Artists of the USSR]]
[[Category:People's Artists of the USSR]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Stalin Prize]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Lenin]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour]]
[[Category:Uzbekistani composers]]
[[Category:Uzbekistani composers]]
[[Category:Soviet composers]]
[[Category:Soviet composers]]
[[Category:Soviet male composers]]
[[Category:Soviet male composers]]
[[Category:Stalin Prize winners]]
[[Category:20th-century male musicians]]
[[Category:1912 births]]
[[Category:Moscow Conservatory alumni]]
[[Category:1975 deaths]]
[[Category:Recipients of the State Hamza Prize]]
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[[Category:People from Bukhara]]
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[[Category:20th-century classical composers]]

Revision as of 01:37, 21 December 2024

Mukhtar Ashrafi
Muxtor Ashrafiy
Born(1912-05-29)29 May 1912
Bukhara, Russian Empire (now Uzbekistan)
Died15 December 1975(1975-12-15) (aged 63)
Tashkent, Uzbek SSR, Soviet Union
OccupationComposer

Mukhtar Ashrafovich Ashrafi[a] (11 June [O.S. 29 May] 1912 – 15 December 1975) was a Soviet Uzbek composer. He was awarded the title People's Artist of the USSR in 1951.[1] He became a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1941 was awarded the Stalin Prize in 1943 and 1952.[2] He is known as the author of the first Uzbek opera "Buran" (together with Sergei Vasilenko) and the first Uzbek symphony.[2]

His daughter Muqadamma was a noted medievalist.[3]

Early life and education

Mukhtar Ashrafi was born on 29 May (11 June) 1912 in Bukhara.[4] He grew up in the family of his father, a famous Bukhara singer and musician Ashrafzhan Hafiza.[5] At the age of seven, Ashrafi began to play Uzbek folk instruments improvising on the dutar.[2] In 1924, he entered Oriental Music School in Bukhara.[6] In 1928, Ashrafi graduated a dutar class in Bukhara and entered the Samarkand Institute of Music and Choreography.[2]

From 1934 to 1936, he studied in a composition class of Sergei Vasilenko at the Moscow Conservatory.[4] In 1934, Ashrafi wrote Komsomol and pioneer songs, and in 1935-1936, he wrote lyrical songs on the words of Ruzuli, working on his first opera at the same time.[5]

Together with his teacher, Sergei Vasilenko, Ashrafi wrote the first Uzbek opera “Buran” that was staged in 1939, starting the history of Uzbek Opera and Ballet Theater.[5]

In 1941-1944, Ashrafi studied composition at the Leningrad Conservatory.[7] In 1948, he graduated from the conducting faculty of the Leningrad Conservatory as an external student.[4]

Career

In 1942, Ashrafi created the first Uzbek heroic symphony.[8] From 1943 to 1947, Ashrafi was a director of Alisher Navoi Uzbek Opera and Ballet Theater.[6] Since 1944 Ashrafi was a teacher, and since 1953 - a professor at the Tashkent Conservatory.[4]

In 1964-66 he was a director, artistic director and chief conductor of the Samarkand Opera and Ballet Theater, and since 1966 - a director, artistic director and chief conductor of the State Academic Bolshoi Theater of the Uzbek SSR in Tashkent.[7]

From 1971 to 1975, Ashrafi was rector of the Tashkent Conservatory.[2]

Ashrafi is the author of the books "Indian Diaries" (in Russian and Uzbek), "Music in my life", numerous articles in magazines and periodicals.[6]

He died on 15 December 1975 in Tashkent.[9]

Awards and honours

In 1976, Tashkent Conservatory was named after him.[7] On the occasion of the 70th birthday of Ashrafi, on 11 June 1982, a museum was opened in the house where he lived and worked from 1967 to 1975.[8] In 2019, a memorial evening of Ashrafi was held in the assembly hall of the Union of Composers and Bastakors of Uzbekistan.[21]

Selected works

Operas
  • Buran (1939, with S. Vasilenko)[4]
  • Grand Canal (1941, with S. Vasilenko)
  • Dilaram (1958)
  • Heart of a Poet (1962)
Ballets
  • Love Amulet (1969)
  • Timur Malik (1970)
  • Stoikost' (1971)
  • Love and Dream (1973)
Orchestral works
  • Symphony No. 1 "Heroic" (1942; awarded Stalin Prize)
  • Symphony No. 2 "Glory to the Victors" (1944)
  • Kantatu o Schast'ye (1952; awarded Stalin Prize)
  • Oratorio Skazanie o Rustame (1974)
  • Music for theater, films, etc.

Controversy

Ashrafi was accused of plagiarism in 1959, and Dmitri Shostakovich concluded that the allegations were true.[22][23] He was expelled from the Composers' Union, but later was allowed to return.[24]

Notes

  1. ^
    • Uzbek: Muxtor Ashrafovich Ashrafiy
    • Russian: Мухтар Ашрафович Ашрафи, romanized: Mukhtar Ashrafovich Ashrafi

References

  1. ^ Sultanova, Razia (2001). "Ashrafi, Muhtar". Grove Music Online (8th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.45041. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0.
  2. ^ a b c d e "АШРАФИ МУХТАР АШРАФОВИЧ (Композитор, дирижер)" [ASHRAFI MUKHTAR ASHRAFOVICH (Composer, conductor)]. tashkentpamyat.ru. Retrieved 2021-01-15.
  3. ^ Kamoludin Abdullaev; Shahram Akbarzaheh (27 April 2010). Historical Dictionary of Tajikistan. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7379-7.
  4. ^ a b c d e "Мухтар Ашрафи" [Mukhar Ashrafi]. Кино-Театр.РУ. Retrieved 2021-01-15.
  5. ^ a b c "Мухтар Ашрафи и узбекская народная музыка" [Mukhtar Ashrafi and Uzbek Folk Music]. mus.academy. Retrieved 2021-01-15.
  6. ^ a b c "Союз композиторов и бастакоров Узбекистана - АШРАФИ МУХТАР" [Union of Composers and Bastakors of Uzbekistan - ASHRAFI MUKHTAR]. www.commus.uz. Retrieved 2021-01-15.
  7. ^ a b c "Мухтар Ашрафович Ашрафи (Mukhtar Ashrafi) | Belcanto.ru". www.belcanto.ru. Retrieved 2021-01-16.
  8. ^ a b "Неизвестный Ташкент: Мухтар Ашрафи и музыка на просторах музея" [Unknown Tashkent: Mukhtar Ashrafi and music in the museum space]. vot.uz. Retrieved 2021-01-16.
  9. ^ "Ўзбекистон Компартияси Марказий Комитети, Ўзбекистон ССР Олий Совети Президиуми, Ўзбекистон ССР Министрлар Советидан". Sovet Oʻzbekistoni (in Uzbek). 16 December 1975. p. 1.
  10. ^ "Указ Президиум Верховного Совета СССР О присвоении почетных званий артистам Узбекской ССР" [Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR On the awarding of honorary titles to artists of the Uzbek SSR]. Sovetskoe iskusstvo (in Russian). 8 December 1951. p. 1.
  11. ^ "Ашрафий Мухтор Ашрафович" [Ashrafiy Muxtor Ashrafovich] (PDF). Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi (in Uzbek). Vol. 1. Tashkent: Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi. 2000.
  12. ^ "А) Музыки" [A) Music]. Literatura i iskusstvo (in Russian). 21 March 1943. p. 1.
  13. ^ "Ж. Музыки" [Zh.) Music]. Pravda Vostoka (in Russian). 18 March 1952. p. 2.
  14. ^ "Адабиёт, санъат ва архитектура соҳасида Ҳамза номли Ўзбекистон ССР давлат мукофотларини бериш тўғрисида" [On awarding the state awards of the Uzbekistan SSR named after Hamza in the fields of literature, art and architecture]. Sovet Oʻzbekistoni (in Uzbek). No. 90. 17 April 1970. p. 1.
  15. ^ "Указ Президиума Верховного Совета СССР О награждении орденами и медалями работников литературы и искусства Узбекской ССР" [Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR On awarding orders and medals to workers of literature and art of the Uzbek SSR] (PDF). Sovetskoe iskusstvo (in Russian). No. 98. 8 December 1951. p. 1.
  16. ^ "Указ Президиума Верховного Совета СССР О награждении компоситора Ашрафи М.А. орденом Ленина" [Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR On awarding composer Ashrafi M.A. with the Order of Lenin]. Pravda Vostoka (in Russian). 14 June 1972. p. 1.
  17. ^ "Награждение строителей Большого Ферганского канала имени тов. И. В. Сталина" [Awarding of the builders of the Great Fergana Canal named after Comrade I. V. Stalin]. Pravda (in Russian). 24 December 1939. p. 1.
  18. ^ "Указ Президиума Верховного Совета СССР О награждении орденами и медалями СССР работников искусства и литературы Узбекской ССР" [Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR On awarding orders and medals of the USSR to workers of art and literature of the Uzbek SSR]. Pravda Vostoka (in Russian). 19 March 1959. p. 1.
  19. ^ "О награждении работников Узбекского музыкального театра и Узбекской филармонии — участников декады Узбекского искусства в Москве" [On the awarding of employees of the Uzbek Musical Theatre and the Uzbek Philharmonic - participants of the decade of Uzbek art in Moscow]. Pravda (in Russian). 1 June 1937. p. 1.
  20. ^ "Указ Президиума Верховного Совета СССР О награждении орденами и медалями колхозников, колхозниц, работников сельского хозяйства, промышленности, науки, културы и искусства Узбекской ССР" (PDF). Vedomosti of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (in Russian). No. 3. 26 January 1944. p. 2.
  21. ^ Насыбуллина, Гузель (2019-06-14). "Вечер памяти Мухтара Ашрафи состоялся в Ташкенте | Всемирный конгресс татар" (in Russian). Retrieved 2021-01-16.
  22. ^ Ho, Allan Benedict; Feofanov, Dmitry (1998). Shostakovich Reconsidered. Toccata Press. p. 268.
  23. ^ "Testimony: The Memoirs of Dmitri Shostakovich". Rowman & Littlefield. 2004. p. 199.
  24. ^ Hakobian, Levon (2016). Music of the Soviet Era: 1917-1991. Routledge. p. 122.

Further reading

  • Rakhmanov, M. (9 June 1972). "Мелодии новой жизни". Pravda Vostoka (in Russian). p. 4.
  • Tatybayeva, A. (9 June 1992). "Маэстро Ашрафи". Vecherny Tashkent (in Russian). p. 2.
  • Jumayev, T. (9 June 1972). "Ижодкорнинг йўли". Sovet Oʻzbekistoni (in Uzbek). p. 4.
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