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{{Italic title}}
{{short description|Bengali classical dance tradition}}
{{short description|Bengali classical dance tradition}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2014}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2014}}
{{Infobox dance
{{Infobox dance
| name = Gaudiya
| name = Gaudiya Nritya
| image = Bhoomichari in Gaudiya Nritya.jpg
| image =
| alt =
| alt =
| caption = Gaudiya dance
| caption = Gaudiya dance
| native_name = {{native name|bn|গৌড়ীয়}}
| native_name =
| etymology =
| etymology =
| genre =
| genre =
| signature =
| signature =
| instruments = ''Anaddha'', ''Ghana'', ''Susir'' and ''Tata''{{Sfn|Mukherjee|2000|p=95}}
| instruments = ''Anaddha'', ''Ghana'', ''Susir'' and ''Tata''{{Sfn|Mukherjee|2000|p=95}}
| inventor =
| inventor =
| year =
| year =
| origin = [[West Bengali]], [[India]]
| origin = [[Gauda kingdom(ancient bengal)]], India West Bengal
}}
}}
[[Image:GuruMahua.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Bengali classical dance.|Performance of Gaudiya Nritya by [[Mahua Mukherjee]]]]
[[Image:GuruMahua.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Bengali classical dance.|Performance of Gaudiya Nritya by [[Mahua Mukherjee]]]]
[[File:Gaudiya nritya mahua.jpg|thumb|upright|Gaudiya Nritya]]


'''Gaudiya Nritya''' ({{lang-bn|গৌড়ীয় নৃত্য, IAST: Gaur̤īẏa Nṛtya}}) or ''Gour̤īyo Nrityo'', is an ancient [[Culture of Bengal|Bengali]] classical dance tradition.<ref name=roma2>Roma Chatterji (2005). [http://indianfolklore.org/journals/index.php/IFL/article/view/359/400 Folklore and the Construction of National Tradition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212005043/http://indianfolklore.org/journals/index.php/IFL/article/view/359/400 |date=February 12, 2018 }}. ''Indian Folklife'' '''19''' (Folklore Abroad: On the Diffusion and Revision of Sociocultural Categories): 9. Accessed January 2014. "a classical dance tradition that has vanished from the urban areas".</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=West Bengal Tourism: Dance |url=http://www.westbengaltourism.gov.in/web/guest/dance |publisher=Department of Tourism, Government of West Bengal |year=2011 |access-date=January 11, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021225635/http://www.westbengaltourism.gov.in/web/guest/dance |archive-date=October 21, 2013 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref name=kumu/> It originates from [[Gauḍa (city)|Gauda]], also known as Gaur, in [[Bengal]]. Gaudiya Nritya is mentioned by ancient poets of Bengal. This dance expressed religious stories through songs written and composed to the ''ragas'' & ''talas'' of Gaudiya music by ancient poets, especially [[Vaishnavism]].
'''''Gaudiya Nritya''''' ({{langx|bn|Gaur̤īẏa Nṛtya|translit=|label=}} or Gour̤īyo Nrityo) is a dance tradition.<ref name=roma2>Roma Chatterji (2005). [http://indianfolklore.org/journals/index.php/IFL/article/view/359/400 Folklore and the Construction of National Tradition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212005043/http://indianfolklore.org/journals/index.php/IFL/article/view/359/400 |date=February 12, 2018 }}. ''Indian Folklife'' '''19''' (Folklore Abroad: On the Diffusion and Revision of Sociocultural Categories): 9. Accessed January 2014. "a classical dance tradition that has vanished from the urban areas".</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=West Bengal Tourism: Dance |url=http://www.westbengaltourism.gov.in/web/guest/dance |publisher=Department of Tourism, Government of West Bengal |year=2011 |access-date=January 11, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021225635/http://www.westbengaltourism.gov.in/web/guest/dance |archive-date=October 21, 2013 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref name="kumu">{{cite news |last=Bharatram |first=Kumudha |date=April 9, 2011 |title=Dance of the ancients |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/dance/dance-of-the-ancients/article1608014.ece |access-date=November 15, 2013 |newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> This dance expressed religious stories{{Sfn|Mukherjee|2000|p=179}} through songs written{{Sfn|Mukherjee|2000|pp=199–201}} and composed to the ''ragas'' & ''talas''{{Sfn|Mukherjee|2000|p=201}} of [[Gaudiya Vaishnavism|Gaudiya music]] by ancient poets, especially [[Vaishnavism]].{{Sfn|Mukherjee|2000|p=185}} Gaudiya Nritya performances have also expressed ideas of other traditions related to the [[Hinduism|Hindu]] deities [[Shiva]]{{Sfn|Mukherjee|2000|p=185}} and [[Ganesha]], as well as [[Shaktism|Shakta]] concepts.{{Sfn|Mukherjee|2000|p=181}} It was reconstructed by [[Mahua Mukherjee]] in the 1980s and a research scholarship has since been awarded for it by the [[Ministry of Culture (India)|Indian Ministry of Culture]].
Gaudiya is related to kathak

⚫
It has been reconstructed by [[Mahua Mukherjee]].<ref name=kumu>{{cite news|first=Kumudha |last=Bharatram |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/dance/dance-of-the-ancients/article1608014.ece |title=Dance of the ancients |newspaper=The Hindu |date=April 9, 2011 |access-date=November 15, 2013}}</ref><ref name=anjana>{{cite news|last=Rajan |first=Anjana |url=http://www.hindu.com/ms/2006/12/26/stories/2006122600040100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108051652/http://www.hindu.com/ms/2006/12/26/stories/2006122600040100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 8, 2012|work=[[The Hindu]] |title=The wheel has come full circle|date=December 26, 2006 }}</ref> It is recognised as an [[Indian classical dance]] by [[Ministry of Culture (India)|Ministry of Culture]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gaudiya Nritya|url=http://indianculture.gov.in/intangible-cultural-heritage/performing-arts/gaudiya-nritya|access-date=2022-01-25|website=INDIAN CULTURE|language=en}}</ref> also recognized by [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]] ,but study of it is eligible for scholarships from the [[Ministry of Culture (India)|Ministry of Culture]] of India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiaculture.nic.in/indiaculture/scholarship-to-young-artist.html|title=Scholarship to Young Artistes, 2005|publisher=Ministry of Culture. Government of India|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021161953/http://indiaculture.nic.in/indiaculture/scholarship-to-young-artist.html|archive-date=October 21, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Scholarly reception of the reconstruction ranges from caution to skepticism.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Feet forgotten and found|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/gaudiya-nritya-bengals-forsaken-native-dance-form/cid/1816444|access-date=2022-01-25|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref><ref name=utpal>Utpal Kumar Banerjee (2006). [https://books.google.com/books?id=RdsJAQAAMAAJ&q=mahua+mukherjee ''Indian performing arts: a mosaic'']. New Delhi: Harman Publishing House. {{ISBN|9788186622759}}. p.&nbsp;79: "re-creating Gaudiya Nritya as one of the acceptable classical styles will need a formal framework".</ref><ref name=leela>Leela Venkataraman (2006). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/23005939 Negotiating the Extremes: dance]. ''India International Centre Quarterly'', '''33''' (1): 93-102. {{subscription required}} "one may have reservations about the classical dance repertoire visualised by [Mukherjee]".</ref><ref name=roma>Roma Chatterji (2005). p.&nbsp;9: "Mukherjee tries to reconstitute a Bengali aesthetic within the perspective of pan-Indian civilisation".</ref>


== Etymology ==
== Etymology ==
On 21 September 1994, The name ''Gaudiya Nritya'' was adopted on the advice of [[Indologist]] [[B. N. Mukherjee|Bratindra Nath Mukhopadhyay]].{{Sfn|Mukherjee|2000|p=1}} Reasons for this designation include: in ancient times – the [[Gauda Kingdom|reign of Shashanka]] and the [[Pala Empire|Pala]] and [[Sena dynasty|Sena]] eras – the whole of Bengal was referred to as Gauda and the presence of the Gaudiya style in the Indian music and literature. Also, in the fifteenth century, ''Sangeet Shastrakar'' Maheswara Mohapatra of Odisha mentions seven types of dance styles in ''Abhinaya Chandrika'', including Gaudiya dance.{{Sfn|Mukherjee|2000|pp=1–2}}
On 21 September 1994, The name ''Gaudiya Nritya'' was adopted on the advice of [[Indologist]] [[B. N. Mukherjee|Bratindra Nath Mukhopadhyay]].{{Sfn|Mukherjee|2000|p=1}} Reasons for this designation include: in ancient times – the [[Gauda Kingdom|reign of Shashanka]] and the [[Pala Empire|Pala]] and [[Sena dynasty|Sena]] eras – the whole of [[Bengal]] was referred to as [[Gauḍa (city)|Gauda]] and the presence of the [[Gaudiya Vaishnavism|Gaudiya style]] in [[Music of Bengal|bengali music]] and [[Indian literature|literature]]. Also, in the fifteenth century, Sangeet Shastrakar Maheswara Mohapatra of Odisha mentions seven types of dance styles in ''Abhinaya Chandrika'' including Gaudiya dance.{{Sfn|Mukherjee|2000|pp=1–2}}

== History ==
The theoretical foundations of Gaurika dance can be found in the ancient Sanskrit text [[Natya Shastra|''Natyashastra'']];{{Sfn|Mukherjee|2000|pp=144–145}} Its existence in ancient times is attested by dance poses in sculptures of the [[Bengal temple architecture|Gaudiya style temple]] and archaeological sites associated with [[Hinduism]], [[Buddhism]] and [[Jainism]] and it is mentioned by ancient poets of Bengal.{{Sfn|Mukherjee|2000|pp=5–40}} After colonial rule, it underwent revival, reconstruction and expansion in the 1980s.

⚫
It has been reconstructed by [[Mahua Mukherjee]], a Bengali researcher and dancer. A research scholarship was awarded by the [[Ministry of Culture (India)|Ministry of Culture]] for this dance-based research.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiaculture.nic.in/indiaculture/scholarship-to-young-artist.html|title=Scholarship to Young Artistes, 2005|publisher=Ministry of Culture. Government of India|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021161953/http://indiaculture.nic.in/indiaculture/scholarship-to-young-artist.html|archive-date=October 21, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref> [[Rabindra Bharati University]] and [[University of Oklahoma]] have recognized it as a classical dance form.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Feet forgotten and found|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/gaudiya-nritya-bengals-forsaken-native-dance-form/cid/1816444|access-date=2022-01-25|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref><ref name=utpal>Utpal Kumar Banerjee (2006). [https://books.google.com/books?id=RdsJAQAAMAAJ&q=mahua+mukherjee ''Indian performing arts: a mosaic'']. New Delhi: Harman Publishing House. {{ISBN|9788186622759}}. p.&nbsp;79: "re-creating Gaudiya Nritya as one of the acceptable classical styles will need a formal framework".</ref><ref name=leela>Leela Venkataraman (2006). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/23005939 Negotiating the Extremes: dance]. ''India International Centre Quarterly'', '''33''' (1): 93-102. {{subscription required}} "one may have reservations about the classical dance repertoire visualised by [Mukherjee]".</ref><ref name=roma>Roma Chatterji (2005). p.&nbsp;9: "Mukherjee tries to reconstitute a Bengali aesthetic within the perspective of pan-Indian civilisation".</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
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{{Bengali Hindu people}}
{{Bengali Hindu people}}


[[Category:Bengali culture]]
[[Category:Culture of Bengal]]
[[Category:Dances of India]]
[[Category:Dances of India]]




{{india-dance-stub}}
{{india-dance-stub}}
[[Category:Culture of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Classical dance genres of India]]

Latest revision as of 05:09, 21 December 2024

Gaudiya Nritya
Instrument(s)Anaddha, Ghana, Susir and Tata[1]
OriginGauda kingdom(ancient bengal), India West Bengal
Bengali classical dance.
Performance of Gaudiya Nritya by Mahua Mukherjee

Gaudiya Nritya (Bengali: Gaur̤īẏa Nṛtya or Gour̤īyo Nrityo) is a dance tradition.[2][3][4] This dance expressed religious stories[5] through songs written[6] and composed to the ragas & talas[7] of Gaudiya music by ancient poets, especially Vaishnavism.[8] Gaudiya Nritya performances have also expressed ideas of other traditions related to the Hindu deities Shiva[8] and Ganesha, as well as Shakta concepts.[9] It was reconstructed by Mahua Mukherjee in the 1980s and a research scholarship has since been awarded for it by the Indian Ministry of Culture. Gaudiya is related to kathak

Etymology

[edit]

On 21 September 1994, The name Gaudiya Nritya was adopted on the advice of Indologist Bratindra Nath Mukhopadhyay.[10] Reasons for this designation include: in ancient times – the reign of Shashanka and the Pala and Sena eras – the whole of Bengal was referred to as Gauda and the presence of the Gaudiya style in bengali music and literature. Also, in the fifteenth century, Sangeet Shastrakar Maheswara Mohapatra of Odisha mentions seven types of dance styles in Abhinaya Chandrika including Gaudiya dance.[11]

History

[edit]

The theoretical foundations of Gaurika dance can be found in the ancient Sanskrit text Natyashastra;[12] Its existence in ancient times is attested by dance poses in sculptures of the Gaudiya style temple and archaeological sites associated with Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism and it is mentioned by ancient poets of Bengal.[13] After colonial rule, it underwent revival, reconstruction and expansion in the 1980s.

It has been reconstructed by Mahua Mukherjee, a Bengali researcher and dancer. A research scholarship was awarded by the Ministry of Culture for this dance-based research.[14] Rabindra Bharati University and University of Oklahoma have recognized it as a classical dance form.[15][16][17][18]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Mukherjee 2000, p. 95.
  2. ^ Roma Chatterji (2005). Folklore and the Construction of National Tradition Archived February 12, 2018, at the Wayback Machine. Indian Folklife 19 (Folklore Abroad: On the Diffusion and Revision of Sociocultural Categories): 9. Accessed January 2014. "a classical dance tradition that has vanished from the urban areas".
  3. ^ "West Bengal Tourism: Dance". Department of Tourism, Government of West Bengal. 2011. Archived from the original on October 21, 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  4. ^ Bharatram, Kumudha (April 9, 2011). "Dance of the ancients". The Hindu. Retrieved November 15, 2013.
  5. ^ Mukherjee 2000, p. 179.
  6. ^ Mukherjee 2000, pp. 199–201.
  7. ^ Mukherjee 2000, p. 201.
  8. ^ a b Mukherjee 2000, p. 185.
  9. ^ Mukherjee 2000, p. 181.
  10. ^ Mukherjee 2000, p. 1.
  11. ^ Mukherjee 2000, pp. 1–2.
  12. ^ Mukherjee 2000, pp. 144–145.
  13. ^ Mukherjee 2000, pp. 5–40.
  14. ^ "Scholarship to Young Artistes, 2005". Ministry of Culture. Government of India. Archived from the original on October 21, 2013.
  15. ^ "Feet forgotten and found". www.telegraphindia.com. Retrieved January 25, 2022.
  16. ^ Utpal Kumar Banerjee (2006). Indian performing arts: a mosaic. New Delhi: Harman Publishing House. ISBN 9788186622759. p. 79: "re-creating Gaudiya Nritya as one of the acceptable classical styles will need a formal framework".
  17. ^ Leela Venkataraman (2006). Negotiating the Extremes: dance. India International Centre Quarterly, 33 (1): 93-102. (subscription required) "one may have reservations about the classical dance repertoire visualised by [Mukherjee]".
  18. ^ Roma Chatterji (2005). p. 9: "Mukherjee tries to reconstitute a Bengali aesthetic within the perspective of pan-Indian civilisation".

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Sengupta, Pallab; Banerjee, Manabendu; Mukherjee, Mahua, eds. (December 2005). Gaudiya Dance: A Coolection of Seminar Papers. 1 Park Street, Kolkata: The Asiatic Society.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  • Mukherjee, Mahua (January 2000). Gaur̤īẏa Nṛtya গৌড়ীয় নৃত্য [Gaudiya Dance] (in Bengali). 1 Park Street, Kolkata: The Asiatic Society.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
[edit]

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