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Coordinates: 28°12′51″N 83°56′50″E / 28.21417°N 83.94722°E / 28.21417; 83.94722
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{{Infobox body of water
{{Infobox body of water
| name = Phewa Lake
| name = Phewa Lake
| native_name = फेवा ताल<br>Baidam Tal
| other_name = Phewa Tal, Baidam Tal
| native_name = {{native name|ne|फेवा ताल}}
| image = Phewa lake, Pokhara.jpg
| image = Phewa lake, Pokhara.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| image_size = 300px
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| caption_bathymetry =
| caption_bathymetry =
| location = [[Kaski District|Kaski]]
| location = [[Kaski District|Kaski]]
| coords = {{coord|28|12|51|N|83|56|50|E|region:NP_type:waterbody|display =inline,title}}
| coords = {{WikidataCoord|display=it}}
| lake_type = Freshwater
| lake_type = Freshwater
| inflow = ''Harpan'', ''Adheri khola'' & ''Phirke Khola''
| inflow = ''Harpan'', ''Adheri khola'' & ''Phirke Khola''
Line 31: Line 32:
| islands = Tal Barahi (तालबाराही), Temple
| islands = Tal Barahi (तालबाराही), Temple
| cities = [[Pokhara]], [[Sarankot|Sarangkot]], [[Kaskikot]], [[Dhikur Pokhari|Dhikurpokhari]]
| cities = [[Pokhara]], [[Sarankot|Sarangkot]], [[Kaskikot]], [[Dhikur Pokhari|Dhikurpokhari]]
| extra = {{Infobox mapframe |wikidata=yes |zoom=12 |coord={{WikidataCoord|display=i}}}}
}}
}}
⚫
'''Phewa Lake''' or '''Phewa Tal''' ({{langx|ne|फेवा ताल}}, {{IPA-ne|ˈpʰewa tal|}}) is a freshwater lake in [[Nepal]] formerly called ''Baidam Tal'' located in the south of the [[Pokhara Valley]] that includes [[Pokhara]] city and parts of [[Sarangkot]] and [[Kaskikot]]. <ref>{{cite journal|last=Shrestha|first=P|author2=Janauer, G. A.|title=Management of Aquatic Macrophyte Resource: A Case of Phewa Lake, Nepal|journal=Environment and Agriculture: Biodiversity, Agriculture and Pollution in South Asia|year=2001|pages=99–107|url=http://www.aseanbiodiversity.info/Abstract/52000433.pdf|publisher=Ecological Society (ECOS)|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201215106/http://www.aseanbiodiversity.info/Abstract/52000433.pdf|archive-date=2014-02-01|url-status=usurped}}</ref> It is the second largest lake in Nepal and the largest in [[Gandaki Province]] after the [[Rara lake]] in comparison to Nepal's water bodies.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Aryal|first=Vijay|title=Phewa Lake Watershed Area: A Study on the Challenges to Human Encroachment|journal=Proceedings of Taal 2007: The 12th World Lake Conference, Jaipur, India|date=28 October – 2 November 2007|pages=2292–2299|url=http://moef.nic.in/modules/recent-initiatives/nlcp/Overseas%20Case%20Studies/Q-84.pdf|publisher=International Lake Environment Committee}}{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It is the most popular and most visited lake in Nepal. Phewa lake is located at an altitude of {{convert|742|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} and covers an area of about {{convert|5.7|km2|sqmi|1|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Rai|first=Ash Kumar|title=Evaluation of natural food for planktivorous fish in Lakes Phewa, Begnas, and Rupa in Pokhara Valley, Nepal|journal=Limnology|year=2000|volume=1|issue=2|pages=81–89|doi=10.1007/s102010070014|s2cid=23782376}}</ref> It has an average depth of about {{convert|8.6|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} and a maximum depth of {{convert|24|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|last=Shrestha|first=Purushottam|title=Conservation and management of Phewa Lake ecosystem, Nepal|url=http://www.aehms.org/pdf/Shrestha%20Proceedings%20FE.pdf|publisher=Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management Society|pages=1–4|year=2003|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131008072911/http://www.aehms.org/pdf/Shrestha%20Proceedings%20FE.pdf|archive-date=2013-10-08|url-status=dead}}</ref> The maximum water capacity of the lake is approximately {{convert|43000000|m3|acre.ft}}.<ref>{{cite web|last=Pokharel|first=Shailendra|title=Lessons from Nepal on Developing a Strategic Plan for the Integrated Lake Basin Management: Conservation of Phewa Lake of Pokhara, Nepal|url=http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/ILBMTrainingMaterials/resources/nepal_strategy.pdf|publisher=International Lake Environment Committee: World Lake Database|year=2003|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203180547/http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/ILBMTrainingMaterials/resources/nepal_strategy.pdf|archive-date=2014-02-03|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Annapurna range on the north is only about 28&nbsp;km (linear distance) away<ref>{{cite book|last=Gulia|first=K. S.|title=Discovering Himalaya: Tourism of Himalayan Region|publisher=Isha Books|location=Delhi, India|isbn=978-81-8205-410-3|pages=63|chapter=Himalayan Treks in Nepal|year=2007}}</ref> from the lake. The lake is also famous for the reflection of mount [[Machapuchare|Machhapuchhre]] and other mountain peaks of the [[Annapurna]] and [[Dhaulagiri]] ranges on its surface.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Giri|first=Bikash|author2=Chalise, Mukesh Kumar|title=Seasonal Diversity and Population Status of Waterbirds in Phewa Lake, Pokhara, Nepal|journal=Journal of Wetlands Ecology|year=2008|volume=1|issue=1/2|pages=3–7|doi=10.3126/jowe.v1i1.1568|doi-access=free}}</ref> The Tal Barahi Temple is situated on an island in the lake.<ref>{{cite book|last=Shrestha|first=Nanda R.|title=In the Name of Development: A Reflection on Nepal|year=1997|publisher=University Press of America|location=Lanham, Maryland|isbn = 0-7618-0758-6|pages=163|chapter=Pot Goes Pop on Kathmandu's Freak Street}}</ref> It is located 4&nbsp;km from the city's centre [[Chipledhunga]].
[[File:IMG-06d17e4639322bc02350431ad63542de-V-01.jpg|thumb|Sailing in Phewa lake]]

⚫
'''Phewa Lake''', '''Phewa Tal''' or '''Fewa Lake''' ({{lang-ne|फेवा ताल}}, {{IPA-ne|ˈpʰewa tal|}}) is a freshwater lake in [[Nepal]] formerly called ''Baidam Tal'' located in the south of the [[Pokhara Valley]] that includes [[Pokhara]] city; parts of [[Sarangkot]] and [[Kaskikot]]. The lake is stream-fed but a dam regulates the water reserves, therefore, the lake is classified as semi-natural freshwater lake.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Shrestha|first=P|author2=Janauer, G. A.|title=Management of Aquatic Macrophyte Resource: A Case of Phewa Lake, Nepal|journal=Environment and Agriculture: Biodiversity, Agriculture and Pollution in South Asia|year=2001|pages=99–107|url=http://www.aseanbiodiversity.info/Abstract/52000433.pdf|publisher=Ecological Society (ECOS)|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201215106/http://www.aseanbiodiversity.info/Abstract/52000433.pdf|archive-date=2014-02-01|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is the second largest lake in Nepal; the largest in [[Gandaki Province]] after the [[Rara lake]] in the comparison to Nepal's water bodies.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Aryal|first=Vijay|title=Phewa Lake Watershed Area: A Study on the Challenges to Human Encroachment|journal=Proceedings of Taal 2007: The 12th World Lake Conference, Jaipur, India|date=28 October – 2 November 2007|pages=2292–2299|url=http://moef.nic.in/modules/recent-initiatives/nlcp/Overseas%20Case%20Studies/Q-84.pdf|publisher=International Lake Environment Committee}}{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It is the most popular and most visited lake of Nepal. Phewa lake is located at an altitude of {{convert|742|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} and covers an area of about {{convert|4.43|km2|sqmi|1|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Rai|first=Ash Kumar|title=Evaluation of natural food for planktivorous fish in Lakes Phewa, Begnas, and Rupa in Pokhara Valley, Nepal|journal=Limnology|year=2000|volume=1|issue=2|pages=81–89|doi=10.1007/s102010070014|s2cid=23782376}}</ref> It has an average depth of about {{convert|8.6|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} and a maximum depth of {{convert|24|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|last=Shrestha|first=Purushottam|title=Conservation and management of Phewa Lake ecosystem, Nepal|url=http://www.aehms.org/pdf/Shrestha%20Proceedings%20FE.pdf|publisher=Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management Society|pages=1–4|year=2003|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131008072911/http://www.aehms.org/pdf/Shrestha%20Proceedings%20FE.pdf|archive-date=2013-10-08|url-status=dead}}</ref> Maximum water capacity of the lake is approximately {{convert|43000000|m3|acre.ft}}.<ref>{{cite web|last=Pokharel|first=Shailendra|title=Lessons from Nepal on Developing a Strategic Plan for the Integrated Lake Basin Management: Conservation of Phewa Lake of Pokhara, Nepal|url=http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/ILBMTrainingMaterials/resources/nepal_strategy.pdf|publisher=International Lake Environment Committee: World Lake Database|year=2003|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203180547/http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/ILBMTrainingMaterials/resources/nepal_strategy.pdf|archive-date=2014-02-03|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Annapurna range on the north is only about 28&nbsp;km (linear distance) away<ref>{{cite book|last=Gulia|first=K. S.|title=Discovering Himalaya: Tourism of Himalayan Region|publisher=Isha Books|location=Delhi, India|isbn=978-81-8205-410-3|pages=63|chapter=Himalayan Treks in Nepal|year=2007}}</ref> from the lake. The lake is also famous for the reflection of mount [[Machapuchare|Machhapuchhre]] and other mountain peaks of the [[Annapurna]] and [[Dhaulagiri]] ranges on its surface.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Giri|first=Bikash|author2=Chalise, Mukesh Kumar|title=Seasonal Diversity and Population Status of Waterbirds in Phewa Lake, Pokhara, Nepal|journal=Journal of Wetlands Ecology|year=2008|volume=1|issue=1/2|pages=3–7|doi=10.3126/jowe.v1i1.1568|doi-access=free}}</ref> The Tal Barahi Temple is situated on an island in the lake.<ref>{{cite book|last=Shrestha|first=Nanda R.|title=In the Name of Development: A Reflection on Nepal|year=1997|publisher=University Press of America|location=Lanham, Maryland|isbn = 0-7618-0758-6|pages=163|chapter=Pot Goes Pop on Kathmandu's Freak Street}}</ref> It is located 4&nbsp;km from the city's centre [[Chipledhunga]].
== Origin ==
== Origin ==
An analysis of lake sediments reveals its age to be BC 12640 - 12025. However Phewa lake is regarded to be formed during circa 13000 BC.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Yoshida|first1=M.|last2=Konagaya|first2=Y.|last3=Suganuma|first3=Y.|last4=Ito|first4=T.|last5=Upreti|first5=B.N.|date=2005-10-01|title=Field Workshop on Geology and Natural Hazards Along the Kaligandaki Valley, Central–West Nepal Himalaya|journal=Gondwana Research|volume=8|issue=4|pages=631–634|doi=10.1016/s1342-937x(05)71168-0|issn=1342-937X}}</ref>
An analysis of lake sediments reveals its age to be BC 12640 - 12025. However Phewa lake is regarded to be formed during circa 13000 BC.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Yoshida|first1=M.|last2=Konagaya|first2=Y.|last3=Suganuma|first3=Y.|last4=Ito|first4=T.|last5=Upreti|first5=B.N.|date=2005-10-01|title=Field Workshop on Geology and Natural Hazards Along the Kaligandaki Valley, Central–West Nepal Himalaya|journal=Gondwana Research|volume=8|issue=4|pages=631–634|doi=10.1016/s1342-937x(05)71168-0|bibcode=2005GondR...8..631Y|issn=1342-937X}}</ref>


==Lake economy==
==Lake economy==
Phewa lake and water sports is one of the major tourist attraction of [[Pokhara]] city and the north shore of the lake has developed into a tourist district, commonly called [[Lakeside, Pokhara|Lakeside]], with hotels, restaurants and bars catering to the tourists.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Gurung|first=Tek B.|author2=Wagle, Suresh K. |author3=Bista, Jay D. |author4=Dhakal, Ram P. |author5=Joshi, Purushottam L. |author6=Batajoo, Rabindra |author7=Adhikari, Pushpa |author8= Rai, Ash K. |title=Participatory fisheries management for livelihood improvement of fishers in Phewa Lake, Pokhara, Nepal|journal=Himalayan Journal of Sciences|year=2005|volume=3|issue=5|url=http://www.nepjol.info/index.php/HJS/article/view/461/451|issn=1727-5210}}</ref> The water from Phewa lake's outlet is used to generate electricity. The Phewa Power House is located about {{convert|1.5|km|abbr=on}} from the southern part of the Phewa lake.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Rai|first=Ash Kumar|title=Environmental Impact from River Damming for Hydroelectric Power Generation and Means of Mitigation|journal=Hydro Nepal. Journal of Water, Energy and Environment|year=2008|volume=1|issue=2|pages=22–25|doi=10.3126/hn.v1i0.881|url=http://www.resourceshimalaya.org/content_files/EIfromRiverDammingForHydroelectricPower_sAnUmAn4acc655b14133.pdf|issn=1998-5452|access-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203011136/http://www.resourceshimalaya.org/content_files/EIfromRiverDammingForHydroelectricPower_sAnUmAn4acc655b14133.pdf|archive-date=2014-02-03|url-status=dead|doi-access=free}}</ref> A part of the lake is also used as commercial caged fisheries.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Pantha|first=M. B.|title=Sustainable Development of Inland Fisheries Under Environmental Constraints in Nepal|journal=Regional Symposium on Sustainable Development of Inland Fisheries Under Environmental Constraints|date=19–21 October 1994|volume=FAO Fisheries Report|issue=FIRI/R512 Suppl|pages=129–140|publisher=Indo-Pacific Fishery Commission, IPFC Working Party on Inland Fisheries|location=Bangkok, Thailand|issn=0429-9337}}</ref>
Phewa lake and water sports is one of the major tourist attraction of [[Pokhara]] city and the north shore of the lake has developed into a tourist district, commonly called [[Lakeside, Pokhara|Lakeside]], with hotels, restaurants and bars catering to the tourists.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Gurung|first=Tek B.|author2=Wagle, Suresh K. |author3=Bista, Jay D. |author4=Dhakal, Ram P. |author5=Joshi, Purushottam L. |author6=Batajoo, Rabindra |author7=Adhikari, Pushpa |author8= Rai, Ash K. |title=Participatory fisheries management for livelihood improvement of fishers in Phewa Lake, Pokhara, Nepal|journal=Himalayan Journal of Sciences|year=2005|volume=3|issue=5|url=http://www.nepjol.info/index.php/HJS/article/view/461/451|issn=1727-5210}}</ref> The water from Phewa lake's outlet is used to generate electricity. The Phewa Power House is located about {{convert|1.5|km|abbr=on}} from the southern part of the Phewa lake.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Rai|first=Ash Kumar|title=Environmental Impact from River Damming for Hydroelectric Power Generation and Means of Mitigation|journal=Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment|year=2008|volume=1|issue=2|pages=22–25|doi=10.3126/hn.v1i0.881|issn=1998-5452|doi-access=free}}</ref> A part of the lake is also used as commercial caged fisheries.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Pantha|first=M. B.|title=Sustainable Development of Inland Fisheries Under Environmental Constraints in Nepal|journal=Regional Symposium on Sustainable Development of Inland Fisheries Under Environmental Constraints|date=19–21 October 1994|volume=FAO Fisheries Report|issue=FIRI/R512 Suppl|pages=129–140|publisher=Indo-Pacific Fishery Commission, IPFC Working Party on Inland Fisheries|location=Bangkok, Thailand|issn=0429-9337}}</ref>


==Major Attraction==
==Major Attraction==
* '''[[Tal Barahi Temple]]''', located at the center of Phewa Lake, is the most important religious monument of [[Pokhara]].This two-storied pagoda is believed to be dedicated to one of the Hindu gods known as [[Vishnu]]. It usually gets crowded on Saturdays.
* '''[[Tal Barahi Temple]]''', located at the center of Phewa Lake, is the most important religious monument of [[Pokhara]].This two-storied pagoda is believed to be dedicated to one of the Hindu gods known as [[Vishnu]]. It usually gets crowded on Saturdays.
* '''Baidam''' is the eastern banks of Phewa lake also known as Lakeside. This part contains seemingly endless strip of hotels, lodges, restaurants, bookshops and souvenir shops. This side is one of the best known tourist area of Nepal. It is also the starting point of the tour to Pokhara.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://nepal.saarctourism.org/phewa.html |title=SAARC TOURISM Nepal |access-date=2015-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304192833/http://nepal.saarctourism.org/phewa.html |archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* '''Baidam''' is the eastern banks of Phewa lake also known as Lakeside. This part contains seemingly endless strip of hotels, lodges, restaurants, bookshops and souvenir shops. This side is one of the best known tourist area of Nepal. It is also the starting point of the tour to Pokhara.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://nepal.saarctourism.org/phewa.html |title=SAARC TOURISM Nepal |access-date=2015-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304192833/http://nepal.saarctourism.org/phewa.html |archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Sarankot|'''Sarangkot''']] and paragliding, Sarangkot is the only one place in Nepal for paragliding, from where you can fly over the Fewa lake.
* [[Sarankot|'''Sarangkot''']] and paragliding, Sarangkot is the only one place in Nepal for paragliding, from where you can fly over the Phewa lake.
* '''[[Ratna Mandir]]''', former palace used by the Nepalese royal family.
* '''[[Ratna Mandir]]''', former palace used by the Nepalese royal family.


Line 50: Line 52:
File:Sun Set over Phewa Lake.jpg|Sunset in Phewa lake
File:Sun Set over Phewa Lake.jpg|Sunset in Phewa lake
File:Pokhara and Phewa Lake.jpg|Reflection of [[Annapurna|Annapurna range]] in the lake
File:Pokhara and Phewa Lake.jpg|Reflection of [[Annapurna|Annapurna range]] in the lake
File:Phewa lake shot.jpg|Hills around the lake
File:Phewa Lake 3, Pokhara, Nepal.jpg|Hills around the lake
File:Phewa lake 2.jpg|Aerial view of the lake with [[Tal Barahi Temple]]
File:Phewa lake 2.jpg|Aerial view of the lake with [[Tal Barahi Temple]]
File:Phewa Lake - night.jpg|[[Golden hour (photography)|Golden hour]] at the lake
File:Phewa Lake - night.jpg|[[Golden hour (photography)|Golden hour]] at the lake
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[[Category:Lakes of Gandaki Province]]
[[Category:Lakes of Gandaki Province]]
⚫
[[Category:Pokhara]]
[[Category:Tourism in Nepal]]
[[Category:Tourism in Nepal]]
[[Category:Geography of Pokhara]]
[[Category:Geography of Pokhara]]
⚫
[[Category:Lakes of Nepal]]

Latest revision as of 05:19, 21 December 2024

Phewa Lake
Phewa Tal, Baidam Tal
फेवा ताल (Nepali)
Reflection of the Annapurna Range on Phewa Lake
Phewa Lake is located in Nepal
Phewa Lake
Phewa Lake
Location in Nepal
LocationKaski
Coordinates28°12′51″N 83°56′50″E / 28.21417°N 83.94722°E / 28.21417; 83.94722
Lake typeFreshwater
Primary inflowsHarpan, Adheri khola & Phirke Khola
Catchment area122.53 km2 (47.31 sq mi)
Basin countriesNepal
Max. length4 km (2.5 mi)
Max. width2 km (1.2 mi)
Surface area5.7260 km2 (2.2 sq mi)
Average depth8.6 m (28 ft)
Max. depth24 m (79 ft)
Water volume0.046 km3 (0.011 cu mi)
Surface elevation742 m (2,434 ft)
FrozenDoes not freeze
IslandsTal Barahi (तालबाराही), Temple
SettlementsPokhara, Sarangkot, Kaskikot, Dhikurpokhari
Map

Phewa Lake or Phewa Tal (Nepali: फेवा ताल, [ˈpʰewa tal]) is a freshwater lake in Nepal formerly called Baidam Tal located in the south of the Pokhara Valley that includes Pokhara city and parts of Sarangkot and Kaskikot. [1] It is the second largest lake in Nepal and the largest in Gandaki Province after the Rara lake in comparison to Nepal's water bodies.[2] It is the most popular and most visited lake in Nepal. Phewa lake is located at an altitude of 742 m (2,434 ft) and covers an area of about 5.7 km2 (2.2 sq mi).[3] It has an average depth of about 8.6 m (28 ft) and a maximum depth of 24 m (79 ft).[4] The maximum water capacity of the lake is approximately 43,000,000 cubic metres (35,000 acre⋅ft).[5] The Annapurna range on the north is only about 28 km (linear distance) away[6] from the lake. The lake is also famous for the reflection of mount Machhapuchhre and other mountain peaks of the Annapurna and Dhaulagiri ranges on its surface.[7] The Tal Barahi Temple is situated on an island in the lake.[8] It is located 4 km from the city's centre Chipledhunga.

Origin

[edit]

An analysis of lake sediments reveals its age to be BC 12640 - 12025. However Phewa lake is regarded to be formed during circa 13000 BC.[9]

Lake economy

[edit]

Phewa lake and water sports is one of the major tourist attraction of Pokhara city and the north shore of the lake has developed into a tourist district, commonly called Lakeside, with hotels, restaurants and bars catering to the tourists.[10] The water from Phewa lake's outlet is used to generate electricity. The Phewa Power House is located about 1.5 km (0.93 mi) from the southern part of the Phewa lake.[11] A part of the lake is also used as commercial caged fisheries.[12]

Major Attraction

[edit]
  • Tal Barahi Temple, located at the center of Phewa Lake, is the most important religious monument of Pokhara.This two-storied pagoda is believed to be dedicated to one of the Hindu gods known as Vishnu. It usually gets crowded on Saturdays.
  • Baidam is the eastern banks of Phewa lake also known as Lakeside. This part contains seemingly endless strip of hotels, lodges, restaurants, bookshops and souvenir shops. This side is one of the best known tourist area of Nepal. It is also the starting point of the tour to Pokhara.[13]
  • Sarangkot and paragliding, Sarangkot is the only one place in Nepal for paragliding, from where you can fly over the Phewa lake.
  • Ratna Mandir, former palace used by the Nepalese royal family.
[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Shrestha, P; Janauer, G. A. (2001). "Management of Aquatic Macrophyte Resource: A Case of Phewa Lake, Nepal" (PDF). Environment and Agriculture: Biodiversity, Agriculture and Pollution in South Asia. Ecological Society (ECOS): 99–107. Archived from the original on 2014-02-01. Retrieved 2012-04-25.
  2. ^ Aryal, Vijay (28 October – 2 November 2007). "Phewa Lake Watershed Area: A Study on the Challenges to Human Encroachment" (PDF). Proceedings of Taal 2007: The 12th World Lake Conference, Jaipur, India. International Lake Environment Committee: 2292–2299.[permanent dead link‍]
  3. ^ Rai, Ash Kumar (2000). "Evaluation of natural food for planktivorous fish in Lakes Phewa, Begnas, and Rupa in Pokhara Valley, Nepal". Limnology. 1 (2): 81–89. doi:10.1007/s102010070014. S2CID 23782376.
  4. ^ Shrestha, Purushottam (2003). "Conservation and management of Phewa Lake ecosystem, Nepal" (PDF). Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management Society. pp. 1–4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-08. Retrieved 2012-04-25.
  5. ^ Pokharel, Shailendra (2003). "Lessons from Nepal on Developing a Strategic Plan for the Integrated Lake Basin Management: Conservation of Phewa Lake of Pokhara, Nepal" (PDF). International Lake Environment Committee: World Lake Database. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-02-03. Retrieved 2012-04-25.
  6. ^ Gulia, K. S. (2007). "Himalayan Treks in Nepal". Discovering Himalaya: Tourism of Himalayan Region. Delhi, India: Isha Books. p. 63. ISBN 978-81-8205-410-3.
  7. ^ Giri, Bikash; Chalise, Mukesh Kumar (2008). "Seasonal Diversity and Population Status of Waterbirds in Phewa Lake, Pokhara, Nepal". Journal of Wetlands Ecology. 1 (1/2): 3–7. doi:10.3126/jowe.v1i1.1568.
  8. ^ Shrestha, Nanda R. (1997). "Pot Goes Pop on Kathmandu's Freak Street". In the Name of Development: A Reflection on Nepal. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America. p. 163. ISBN 0-7618-0758-6.
  9. ^ Yoshida, M.; Konagaya, Y.; Suganuma, Y.; Ito, T.; Upreti, B.N. (2005-10-01). "Field Workshop on Geology and Natural Hazards Along the Kaligandaki Valley, Central–West Nepal Himalaya". Gondwana Research. 8 (4): 631–634. Bibcode:2005GondR...8..631Y. doi:10.1016/s1342-937x(05)71168-0. ISSN 1342-937X.
  10. ^ Gurung, Tek B.; Wagle, Suresh K.; Bista, Jay D.; Dhakal, Ram P.; Joshi, Purushottam L.; Batajoo, Rabindra; Adhikari, Pushpa; Rai, Ash K. (2005). "Participatory fisheries management for livelihood improvement of fishers in Phewa Lake, Pokhara, Nepal". Himalayan Journal of Sciences. 3 (5). ISSN 1727-5210.
  11. ^ Rai, Ash Kumar (2008). "Environmental Impact from River Damming for Hydroelectric Power Generation and Means of Mitigation". Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment. 1 (2): 22–25. doi:10.3126/hn.v1i0.881. ISSN 1998-5452.
  12. ^ Pantha, M. B. (19–21 October 1994). "Sustainable Development of Inland Fisheries Under Environmental Constraints in Nepal". Regional Symposium on Sustainable Development of Inland Fisheries Under Environmental Constraints. FAO Fisheries Report (FIRI/R512 Suppl). Bangkok, Thailand: Indo-Pacific Fishery Commission, IPFC Working Party on Inland Fisheries: 129–140. ISSN 0429-9337.
  13. ^ "SAARC TOURISM Nepal". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-04-07.
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