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Coordinates: 50°28′24″N 19°13′59″E / 50.47333°N 19.23306°E / 50.47333; 19.23306
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{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Siewierz
| name = Siewierz
| image_skyline = Siewierz - Zamek 01.jpg
| image_skyline = Nr 638541 Siewierz ruiny zamku 1.JPG
| image_caption = Castle of Kraków bishops
| image_caption = Castle of Kraków bishops
| image_shield = Siewierz coat of arms.png
| image_shield = POL Siewierz COA.svg
| pushpin_map = Poland
| pushpin_map = Poland
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
⚫
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| coordinates_region = PL
⚫
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{POL}}
| subdivision_name = {{POL}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeships of Poland|Voivodeship]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeships of Poland|Voivodeship]]
Line 20: Line 19:
| established_date2 = 1276
| established_date2 = 1276
| area_total_km2 = 38.22
| area_total_km2 = 38.22
| population_as_of = 2019-06-30<ref>{{cite web |title=Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division in 2019. As of 30th June|url=https://stat.gov.pl/en/topics/population/population/population-size-and-structure-and-vital-statistics-in-poland-by-territorial-division-in-2019-as-of-30th-june,3,26.html|website=stat.gov.pl|publisher=Statistics Poland|date=2019-10-15|access-date=2020-02-14}}</ref>
| population_as_of = 2006
| population_total = 5528
| population_total = 5581
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
Line 27: Line 26:
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| utc_offset_DST = +2
⚫
| coordinates = {{coord|50|28|24|N|19|13|59|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}}
| latd = 50 | latm = 28 | lats = 24 | latNS = N | longd = 19 | longm = 13 | longs = 59 | longEW = E
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 42-470
| postal_code = 42-470
| blank_name = [[Polish car number plates|Car plates]]
| blank_name = [[Polish car number plates|Car plates]]
| blank_info = SBE
| blank_info = SBE
| blank_name_sec2 = Primary airport
⚫
| website = http://www.siewierz.pl }}
| blank_info_sec2 = [[Katowice Airport]]

⚫
| website = https://www.siewierz.pl
'''Siewierz''' {{IPAc-pl|'|ś|e|w|J|e|sz}} is a [[town]] in the [[Silesian Voivodeship]] in [[Poland]].
}}
'''Siewierz''' {{IPAc-pl|'|ś|e|w|J|e|sz}} is a [[town]] in southern [[Poland]], in the [[Będzin County]] in the [[Silesian Voivodeship]], seat of [[Gmina Siewierz]]. Siewierz is located in [[Dąbrowa Basin]] (''Zagłębie Dąbrowskie''), which is part of the historical and geographical region of [[Lesser Poland]].


==History==
==History==
[[File:20150411 Kościół św. Macieja w Siewierzu 5588.jpg|thumb|left|[[Baroque in Poland|Baroque]] Church of Saint Matthias]]
⚫
In history, Sewerien was first mentioned in 1125, which was administered by the [[Castellan]] of [[Bytom]]. In 1177, [[Casimir II of Poland|Casimir II]] granted Sewerien to [[Mieszko IV Tanglefoot]] duke of [[Silesia]] and [[Racibórz]], together with the [[Dukes of Silesia#Duchy of Bytom|duchy of Bytom]]. The town became a seat of a separate [[castellan]] by the beginning of the 13th century. In 1241, the [[Mongol]]s burned the city, and razed the fort to ground.
[[File:Chuch in Siewierz 1916.jpg|thumb|left|Church of St. John the Baptist circa 1916]]
⚫
Siewierz was first mentioned in 1125, and was administered by the [[Castellan]] of [[Bytom]]. In 1177, [[Casimir II of Poland]] granted Siewierz to [[Mieszko IV Tanglefoot]], duke of [[Silesia]] and [[Duchy of Racibórz|Racibórz]], together with whole [[Duchy of Bytom]]. The town became a seat of a separate castellan by the beginning of the 13th century. During the [[first Mongol invasion of Poland]], in 1241, the [[Mongols]] burned the town, and razed the fort to ground.


In 1276, Siewierz received [[Magdeburg rights|city status]]. On 26 February 1289, in front of the city gates of Siewierz, the allied forces of [[Władysław I the Elbow-high]], then Duke of [[Kujawy]] and [[Mazovia]], the future [[King of Poland]], defeated the army of [[Henryk IV Probus]], duke of [[Wrocław]] and [[Kraków]]. [[Henryk IV Probus]] accepted vassalage and protection from the [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemian]] king, [[Wenceslaus II, King of Bohemia|Wenceslaus II]]. He was the first [[Piast]] [[Silesia]]n [[duke]] to become [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemian]] vassal, leading to Bohemian annexation of most [[Silesia]] in the coming years.
In 1276, Siewierz received [[Magdeburg rights|city status]]. On 26 February 1289, in front of the town gates, the allied forces of [[Władysław I the Elbow-high]], then Duke of [[Kujawy]] and [[Mazovia]], defeated the army of [[Henry IV Probus]], duke of [[Duchy of Wrocław|Wrocław]] and [[Duchy of Kraków|Kraków]].


In 1337, the [[duchy of Bytom]] sold Siewierz to [[Kazimierz I of Cieszyn|Kazimierz I]], [[duke of Cieszyn]]. In 1359 the duke of Teschen bought the city of Sewer from Bolko [[duke of Świdnica]], [[lord of Fürstenberg]]{{Disambiguation needed|date=January 2012}}, for 2,500 [[Mark (money)|marks]]. The king [[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles IV]] authorized the sale the same year. On 30 December 1443, [[Zbigniew Oleśnicki]], the [[bishop of Kraków]], bought Sewer/Siewierz from Wacław I of Teschen, who was deeply in debts then. The sale was for 6000 [[Prager Groschen]]. The bishops of Kraków became [[Duchy of Siewierz|dukes of Siewierz]], the duchy being not a part of Poland. The city became the seat of the [[bishop of Kraków|bishops of Kraków]], who received also the title ''[[Duchy of Siewierz|duke of Siewierz]]''. They also constructed a castle in Siewierz.
Together with most of Silesia in years 1327–35, Siewierz – as a part of the Bytom Duchy – was subjugated to the [[Kingdom of Bohemia]]. In 1337, Duke [[Władysław of Bytom|Vladislaus of Bytom]] sold Siewierz to [[Casimir I, Duke of Cieszyn]]. In 1359 the duke of Cieszyn bought Siewierz from Duke [[Bolko II the Small]], for 2,500 [[Mark (money)|marks]]. The king [[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles IV]] authorized the sale the same year.


On 30 December 1443, [[Zbigniew Oleśnicki (cardinal)|Zbigniew Oleśnicki]], the [[bishop of Kraków]], bought Siewierz from [[Wenceslaus I, Duke of Cieszyn|Wenceslaus I of Cieszyn]], who was deeply in debts then. The sale was for 6,000 [[Prague groschen]]. The bishops of Kraków became [[Duchy of Siewierz|dukes of Siewierz]], the duchy became ''de facto'' a part of the [[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Polish Crown]], and the town became the seat of the [[bishop of Kraków|bishops of Kraków]]. They also constructed a castle in Siewierz. Through these events, Siewierz again became part of [[Lesser Poland]], where it remains to this day.
⚫
In 1790, near to the doom of the [[Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]], the [[ecclesiastic]] [[duchy of Siewierz]] was incorporated into the [[History of Poland|Kingdom of Poland]]. In 1795, Sewerien, because it was a part of Silesia and its adjacent regions were annexed by [[Prussia]], into the new province of [[New Silesia]] (in {{lang-de|Neuschlesien}}), by the [[third partition of Poland]]. In 1800, the seat of the bishop moved away from Sewerien.


⚫
Polish [[Baroque in Poland|Baroque]] poet {{interlanguage link|Walenty Roździeński|pl}} stayed in the town in the early 17th century. In 1790, near to the doom of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]], the [[ecclesiastic]] [[duchy of Siewierz]] was incorporated directly into the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland. In 1795, Siewierz was annexed by [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]] in the [[Third Partition of Poland]], and included in the new province of [[New Silesia]]. In 1800, the seat of the bishop moved away from the town.
⚫
In 1807, [[Napoleon]] recreated the [[duchy of Siewierz]] (''Sievers''), and granted it to [[Jean Lannes]], after [[Prussia]] was forced to cede all her acquisitions from the 2nd and 3rd [[partitions of Poland]]. After the failure of Napoleon, Siewierz was included in the [[Congress Poland]], under [[Imperial Russia]]n rule. The city declined continuously, due to the lacking of industry and communication. In 1870, it lost its [[city status]]. In 1918, Siewierz became part of the [[Second Polish Republic]], from 1939 to 1945 of [[Nazi Germany]]. In 1962 it regained its [[city status]].


[[File:Siewierz pomnik Piłsudskiego 11.11.08.jpg|thumb|left|Memorial to [[Józef Piłsudski]]]]
== See also ==
⚫
In 1807, [[Napoleon]] recreated the [[duchy of Siewierz]] (''Sievers''), and granted it to [[Jean Lannes]], after Prussia was forced to cede all her acquisitions from the Second and Third [[Partitions of Poland]]. After the defeat of Napoleon, Siewierz was included in [[Congress Poland]], under [[Imperial Russia]]n rule. The town declined continuously, due to the lacking of industry and communication. During the [[January Uprising]], in February 1863, Siewierz was captured by Polish insurgents after their victory in the [[Battle of Sosnowiec]] nearby.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://twojezaglebie.pl/powstanie-styczniowe-zaglebiu/|title=Powstanie styczniowe w Zagłębiu. Sprawdź, jak Zagłębiacy zaskoczyli Imperium Rosyjskie|website=Twoje Zagłębie|author=Mateusz Załęski|access-date=29 November 2020|language=Polish}}</ref> In 1870, it lost its [[city status]] as part of Tsarist anti-Polish repressions following the fall of the January Uprising. In 1918, Poland regained independence, and Siewierz became part of the [[Second Polish Republic]].
* [[Silesia]]
* [[New Silesia]]
* [[Jean Lannes]]


During the German [[invasion of Poland]], which started [[World War II]] in September 1939, Siewierz was invaded and captured by [[Nazi Germany]], and already on September 4, 1939, German troops committed a massacre of 10 [[Polish people|Poles]] in the town, including one woman and several teenagers (see ''[[Nazi crimes against the Polish nation]]'').<ref>{{cite book|last=Wardzyńska|first=Maria|year=2009|title=Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion|language=Polish|location=Warszawa|publisher=[[Institute of National Remembrance|IPN]]|page=136}}</ref> The town was then [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|occupied by Germany]] until 1945.
⚫
== External links ==

In 1962 it regained its [[city status]].

==Sights==
The most significant historic sights of Siewierz are the ruins of the medieval castle of Kraków bishops, the [[Baroque in Poland|Baroque]] Church of Saint Matthias and the [[Romanesque architecture in Poland|Romanesque]] Church of Saint John, which is one of the oldest preserved churches in Poland.

==Sports==
The local [[Association football|football]] club is LKS Przemsza Siewierz.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://przemsza-siewierz.pl|title=LKS Przemsza Siewierz - Oficjalna strona internetowa Klubu|access-date=29 November 2020|language=Polish}}</ref> It competes in the [[IV liga Silesia|IV Liga Silesian group]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=IV Liga |url=https://slzpn.pl/rozgrywki/seniorzy/iv-liga |access-date=2024-08-22 |website=slzpn.pl}}</ref> ([[Polish football league system|fifth division of polish football]])

==Twin towns – sister cities==
See [[Gmina Siewierz#Twin towns – sister cities|twin towns of Gmina Siewierz]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

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==External links==
⚫
* {{official website|http://www.siewierz.pl/}}
* Website of Public Information Bulletin: http://siewierz.bip.info.pl/
* Website of Public Information Bulletin: http://siewierz.bip.info.pl/
⚫
* Municipal Website: http://www.siewierz.pl/
* [http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/city/siewierz/ Jewish Community in Siewierz] on Virtual Shtetl
* [http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/city/siewierz/ Jewish Community in Siewierz] on Virtual Shtetl


{{commons category|Siewierz}}
{{Commons category|Siewierz}}

⚫
{{coord|50|28|N|19|14|E|region:PL_type:city|display=title}}


<br>
{{Gmina Siewierz}}
{{Gmina Siewierz}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Cities and towns in Silesian Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Silesian Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Populated riverside places in Poland]]
[[Category:Sites of Nazi war crimes during the Invasion of Poland]]
[[Category:Sites of World War II massacres of Poles]]
[[Category:Będzin County]]
[[Category:Będzin County]]


[[de:Siewierz]]
[[eo:Siewierz]]
[[fr:Siewierz]]
[[it:Siewierz]]
[[it:Siewierz]]
[[jv:Siewierz]]
[[lv:Seveža]]
[[nl:Siewierz]]
[[pl:Siewierz]]
[[pt:Siewierz]]
[[ro:Siewierz]]
[[ru:Севеж]]
[[sk:Siewierz]]
[[uk:Севеж]]

Latest revision as of 07:40, 21 December 2024

Siewierz
Castle of Kraków bishops
Castle of Kraków bishops
Coat of arms of Siewierz
Coat of arms
Siewierz is located in Poland
Siewierz
Siewierz
Coordinates: 50°28′24″N 19°13′59″E / 50.47333°N 19.23306°E / 50.47333; 19.23306
Country Poland
VoivodeshipSilesian
CountyBędzin
GminaSiewierz
City rights1276
Government
 • MayorZdzisław Banaś
Area
 • Total
38.22 km2 (14.76 sq mi)
Population
 (2019-06-30[1])
 • Total
5,581
 • Density150/km2 (380/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
42-470
Car platesSBE
Primary airportKatowice Airport
Websitehttps://www.siewierz.pl

Siewierz [ˈɕɛvʲɛʂ] is a town in southern Poland, in the Będzin County in the Silesian Voivodeship, seat of Gmina Siewierz. Siewierz is located in Dąbrowa Basin (Zagłębie Dąbrowskie), which is part of the historical and geographical region of Lesser Poland.

History

[edit]
Baroque Church of Saint Matthias
Church of St. John the Baptist circa 1916

Siewierz was first mentioned in 1125, and was administered by the Castellan of Bytom. In 1177, Casimir II of Poland granted Siewierz to Mieszko IV Tanglefoot, duke of Silesia and Racibórz, together with whole Duchy of Bytom. The town became a seat of a separate castellan by the beginning of the 13th century. During the first Mongol invasion of Poland, in 1241, the Mongols burned the town, and razed the fort to ground.

In 1276, Siewierz received city status. On 26 February 1289, in front of the town gates, the allied forces of Władysław I the Elbow-high, then Duke of Kujawy and Mazovia, defeated the army of Henry IV Probus, duke of Wrocław and Kraków.

Together with most of Silesia in years 1327–35, Siewierz – as a part of the Bytom Duchy – was subjugated to the Kingdom of Bohemia. In 1337, Duke Vladislaus of Bytom sold Siewierz to Casimir I, Duke of Cieszyn. In 1359 the duke of Cieszyn bought Siewierz from Duke Bolko II the Small, for 2,500 marks. The king Charles IV authorized the sale the same year.

On 30 December 1443, Zbigniew Oleśnicki, the bishop of Kraków, bought Siewierz from Wenceslaus I of Cieszyn, who was deeply in debts then. The sale was for 6,000 Prague groschen. The bishops of Kraków became dukes of Siewierz, the duchy became de facto a part of the Polish Crown, and the town became the seat of the bishops of Kraków. They also constructed a castle in Siewierz. Through these events, Siewierz again became part of Lesser Poland, where it remains to this day.

Polish Baroque poet Walenty Roździeński [pl] stayed in the town in the early 17th century. In 1790, near to the doom of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the ecclesiastic duchy of Siewierz was incorporated directly into the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland. In 1795, Siewierz was annexed by Prussia in the Third Partition of Poland, and included in the new province of New Silesia. In 1800, the seat of the bishop moved away from the town.

Memorial to Józef Piłsudski

In 1807, Napoleon recreated the duchy of Siewierz (Sievers), and granted it to Jean Lannes, after Prussia was forced to cede all her acquisitions from the Second and Third Partitions of Poland. After the defeat of Napoleon, Siewierz was included in Congress Poland, under Imperial Russian rule. The town declined continuously, due to the lacking of industry and communication. During the January Uprising, in February 1863, Siewierz was captured by Polish insurgents after their victory in the Battle of Sosnowiec nearby.[2] In 1870, it lost its city status as part of Tsarist anti-Polish repressions following the fall of the January Uprising. In 1918, Poland regained independence, and Siewierz became part of the Second Polish Republic.

During the German invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, Siewierz was invaded and captured by Nazi Germany, and already on September 4, 1939, German troops committed a massacre of 10 Poles in the town, including one woman and several teenagers (see Nazi crimes against the Polish nation).[3] The town was then occupied by Germany until 1945.

In 1962 it regained its city status.

Sights

[edit]

The most significant historic sights of Siewierz are the ruins of the medieval castle of Kraków bishops, the Baroque Church of Saint Matthias and the Romanesque Church of Saint John, which is one of the oldest preserved churches in Poland.

Sports

[edit]

The local football club is LKS Przemsza Siewierz.[4] It competes in the IV Liga Silesian group[5] (fifth division of polish football)

Twin towns – sister cities

[edit]

See twin towns of Gmina Siewierz.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division in 2019. As of 30th June". stat.gov.pl. Statistics Poland. 2019-10-15. Retrieved 2020-02-14.
  2. ^ Mateusz Załęski. "Powstanie styczniowe w Zagłębiu. Sprawdź, jak Zagłębiacy zaskoczyli Imperium Rosyjskie". Twoje Zagłębie (in Polish). Retrieved 29 November 2020.
  3. ^ Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. p. 136.
  4. ^ "LKS Przemsza Siewierz - Oficjalna strona internetowa Klubu" (in Polish). Retrieved 29 November 2020.
  5. ^ "IV Liga". slzpn.pl. Retrieved 2024-08-22.
[edit]
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