Siewierz: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox settlement |
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'''Siewierz''' is a city in [[Poland]]. |
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| name = Siewierz |
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| image_skyline = Nr 638541 Siewierz ruiny zamku 1.JPG |
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| image_caption = Castle of Kraków bishops |
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| image_shield = POL Siewierz COA.svg |
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| pushpin_map = Poland |
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| pushpin_label_position = bottom |
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| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] |
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| subdivision_name = {{POL}} |
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| subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeships of Poland|Voivodeship]] |
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| subdivision_name1 = [[Silesian Voivodeship|Silesian]] |
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| subdivision_type2 = [[Powiat|County]] |
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| subdivision_name2 = [[Będzin County|Będzin]] |
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| subdivision_type3 = [[Gmina]] |
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| subdivision_name3 = [[Gmina Siewierz|Siewierz]] |
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| leader_title = Mayor |
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| leader_name = Zdzisław Banaś |
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| established_title2 = City rights |
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| established_date2 = 1276 |
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| area_total_km2 = 38.22 |
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| population_as_of = 2019-06-30<ref>{{cite web |title=Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division in 2019. As of 30th June|url=https://stat.gov.pl/en/topics/population/population/population-size-and-structure-and-vital-statistics-in-poland-by-territorial-division-in-2019-as-of-30th-june,3,26.html|website=stat.gov.pl|publisher=Statistics Poland|date=2019-10-15|access-date=2020-02-14}}</ref> |
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| population_total = 5581 |
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| population_density_km2 = auto |
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| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |
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| utc_offset = +1 |
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| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |
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| utc_offset_DST = +2 |
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| coordinates = {{coord|50|28|24|N|19|13|59|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}} |
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| postal_code_type = Postal code |
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| postal_code = 42-470 |
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| blank_name = [[Polish car number plates|Car plates]] |
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| blank_info = SBE |
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| blank_name_sec2 = Primary airport |
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| blank_info_sec2 = [[Katowice Airport]] |
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| website = https://www.siewierz.pl |
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}} |
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'''Siewierz''' {{IPAc-pl|'|ś|e|w|J|e|sz}} is a [[town]] in southern [[Poland]], in the [[Będzin County]] in the [[Silesian Voivodeship]], seat of [[Gmina Siewierz]]. Siewierz is located in [[Dąbrowa Basin]] (''Zagłębie Dąbrowskie''), which is part of the historical and geographical region of [[Lesser Poland]]. |
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==History== |
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In the past Siewierz has been a part of [[Silesia]] and in [[1445]] it was bought (!) by the bishop of [[Cracow]]. In [[1795]], Siewierz became a part of [[New Silesia]] ([[Neuschlesien]]). |
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[[File:20150411 Kościół św. Macieja w Siewierzu 5588.jpg|thumb|left|[[Baroque in Poland|Baroque]] Church of Saint Matthias]] |
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[[File:Chuch in Siewierz 1916.jpg|thumb|left|Church of St. John the Baptist circa 1916]] |
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Siewierz was first mentioned in 1125, and was administered by the [[Castellan]] of [[Bytom]]. In 1177, [[Casimir II of Poland]] granted Siewierz to [[Mieszko IV Tanglefoot]], duke of [[Silesia]] and [[Duchy of Racibórz|Racibórz]], together with whole [[Duchy of Bytom]]. The town became a seat of a separate castellan by the beginning of the 13th century. During the [[first Mongol invasion of Poland]], in 1241, the [[Mongols]] burned the town, and razed the fort to ground. |
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In 1276, Siewierz received [[Magdeburg rights|city status]]. On 26 February 1289, in front of the town gates, the allied forces of [[Władysław I the Elbow-high]], then Duke of [[Kujawy]] and [[Mazovia]], defeated the army of [[Henry IV Probus]], duke of [[Duchy of Wrocław|Wrocław]] and [[Duchy of Kraków|Kraków]]. |
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Together with most of Silesia in years 1327–35, Siewierz – as a part of the Bytom Duchy – was subjugated to the [[Kingdom of Bohemia]]. In 1337, Duke [[Władysław of Bytom|Vladislaus of Bytom]] sold Siewierz to [[Casimir I, Duke of Cieszyn]]. In 1359 the duke of Cieszyn bought Siewierz from Duke [[Bolko II the Small]], for 2,500 [[Mark (money)|marks]]. The king [[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles IV]] authorized the sale the same year. |
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On 30 December 1443, [[Zbigniew Oleśnicki (cardinal)|Zbigniew Oleśnicki]], the [[bishop of Kraków]], bought Siewierz from [[Wenceslaus I, Duke of Cieszyn|Wenceslaus I of Cieszyn]], who was deeply in debts then. The sale was for 6,000 [[Prague groschen]]. The bishops of Kraków became [[Duchy of Siewierz|dukes of Siewierz]], the duchy became ''de facto'' a part of the [[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Polish Crown]], and the town became the seat of the [[bishop of Kraków|bishops of Kraków]]. They also constructed a castle in Siewierz. Through these events, Siewierz again became part of [[Lesser Poland]], where it remains to this day. |
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Polish [[Baroque in Poland|Baroque]] poet {{interlanguage link|Walenty Roździeński|pl}} stayed in the town in the early 17th century. In 1790, near to the doom of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]], the [[ecclesiastic]] [[duchy of Siewierz]] was incorporated directly into the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland. In 1795, Siewierz was annexed by [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]] in the [[Third Partition of Poland]], and included in the new province of [[New Silesia]]. In 1800, the seat of the bishop moved away from the town. |
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[[File:Siewierz pomnik Piłsudskiego 11.11.08.jpg|thumb|left|Memorial to [[Józef Piłsudski]]]] |
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In 1807, [[Napoleon]] recreated the [[duchy of Siewierz]] (''Sievers''), and granted it to [[Jean Lannes]], after Prussia was forced to cede all her acquisitions from the Second and Third [[Partitions of Poland]]. After the defeat of Napoleon, Siewierz was included in [[Congress Poland]], under [[Imperial Russia]]n rule. The town declined continuously, due to the lacking of industry and communication. During the [[January Uprising]], in February 1863, Siewierz was captured by Polish insurgents after their victory in the [[Battle of Sosnowiec]] nearby.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://twojezaglebie.pl/powstanie-styczniowe-zaglebiu/|title=Powstanie styczniowe w Zagłębiu. Sprawdź, jak Zagłębiacy zaskoczyli Imperium Rosyjskie|website=Twoje Zagłębie|author=Mateusz Załęski|access-date=29 November 2020|language=Polish}}</ref> In 1870, it lost its [[city status]] as part of Tsarist anti-Polish repressions following the fall of the January Uprising. In 1918, Poland regained independence, and Siewierz became part of the [[Second Polish Republic]]. |
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During the German [[invasion of Poland]], which started [[World War II]] in September 1939, Siewierz was invaded and captured by [[Nazi Germany]], and already on September 4, 1939, German troops committed a massacre of 10 [[Polish people|Poles]] in the town, including one woman and several teenagers (see ''[[Nazi crimes against the Polish nation]]'').<ref>{{cite book|last=Wardzyńska|first=Maria|year=2009|title=Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion|language=Polish|location=Warszawa|publisher=[[Institute of National Remembrance|IPN]]|page=136}}</ref> The town was then [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|occupied by Germany]] until 1945. |
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In 1962 it regained its [[city status]]. |
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==Sights== |
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The most significant historic sights of Siewierz are the ruins of the medieval castle of Kraków bishops, the [[Baroque in Poland|Baroque]] Church of Saint Matthias and the [[Romanesque architecture in Poland|Romanesque]] Church of Saint John, which is one of the oldest preserved churches in Poland. |
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==Sports== |
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The local [[Association football|football]] club is LKS Przemsza Siewierz.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://przemsza-siewierz.pl|title=LKS Przemsza Siewierz - Oficjalna strona internetowa Klubu|access-date=29 November 2020|language=Polish}}</ref> It competes in the [[IV liga Silesia|IV Liga Silesian group]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=IV Liga |url=https://slzpn.pl/rozgrywki/seniorzy/iv-liga |access-date=2024-08-22 |website=slzpn.pl}}</ref> ([[Polish football league system|fifth division of polish football]]) |
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==Twin towns – sister cities== |
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See [[Gmina Siewierz#Twin towns – sister cities|twin towns of Gmina Siewierz]]. |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* |
* {{official website|http://www.siewierz.pl/}} |
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*Website: http:// |
* Website of Public Information Bulletin: http://siewierz.bip.info.pl/ |
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* [http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/city/siewierz/ Jewish Community in Siewierz] on Virtual Shtetl |
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{{Commons category|Siewierz}} |
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{{Gmina Siewierz}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Cities and towns in Silesian Voivodeship]] |
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[[Category:Populated riverside places in Poland]] |
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[[Category:Sites of Nazi war crimes during the Invasion of Poland]] |
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[[Category:Sites of World War II massacres of Poles]] |
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[[Category:Będzin County]] |
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[[it:Siewierz]] |
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{{stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 07:40, 21 December 2024
Siewierz | |
|---|---|
 Castle of Kraków bishops | |
 Coat of arms | |
  Siewierz | |
| Coordinates: 50°28′24″N 19°13′59″E / 50.47333°N 19.23306°E | |
| Country |  Poland |
| Voivodeship | Silesian |
| County | Będzin |
| Gmina | Siewierz |
| City rights | 1276 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Zdzisław Banaś |
| Area | |
• Total | 38.22 km2 (14.76 sq mi) |
| Population (2019-06-30[1]) | |
• Total | 5,581 |
| • Density | 150/km2 (380/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 42-470 |
| Car plates | SBE |
| Primary airport | Katowice Airport |
| Website | https://www.siewierz.pl |
Siewierz [ˈɕɛvʲɛʂ] is a town in southern Poland, in the Będzin County in the Silesian Voivodeship, seat of Gmina Siewierz. Siewierz is located in Dąbrowa Basin (Zagłębie Dąbrowskie), which is part of the historical and geographical region of Lesser Poland.
History
[edit]
Siewierz was first mentioned in 1125, and was administered by the Castellan of Bytom. In 1177, Casimir II of Poland granted Siewierz to Mieszko IV Tanglefoot, duke of Silesia and Racibórz, together with whole Duchy of Bytom. The town became a seat of a separate castellan by the beginning of the 13th century. During the first Mongol invasion of Poland, in 1241, the Mongols burned the town, and razed the fort to ground.
In 1276, Siewierz received city status. On 26 February 1289, in front of the town gates, the allied forces of Władysław I the Elbow-high, then Duke of Kujawy and Mazovia, defeated the army of Henry IV Probus, duke of Wrocław and Kraków.
Together with most of Silesia in years 1327–35, Siewierz – as a part of the Bytom Duchy – was subjugated to the Kingdom of Bohemia. In 1337, Duke Vladislaus of Bytom sold Siewierz to Casimir I, Duke of Cieszyn. In 1359 the duke of Cieszyn bought Siewierz from Duke Bolko II the Small, for 2,500 marks. The king Charles IV authorized the sale the same year.
On 30 December 1443, Zbigniew Oleśnicki, the bishop of Kraków, bought Siewierz from Wenceslaus I of Cieszyn, who was deeply in debts then. The sale was for 6,000 Prague groschen. The bishops of Kraków became dukes of Siewierz, the duchy became de facto a part of the Polish Crown, and the town became the seat of the bishops of Kraków. They also constructed a castle in Siewierz. Through these events, Siewierz again became part of Lesser Poland, where it remains to this day.
Polish Baroque poet Walenty Roździeński stayed in the town in the early 17th century. In 1790, near to the doom of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the ecclesiastic duchy of Siewierz was incorporated directly into the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland. In 1795, Siewierz was annexed by Prussia in the Third Partition of Poland, and included in the new province of New Silesia. In 1800, the seat of the bishop moved away from the town.
In 1807, Napoleon recreated the duchy of Siewierz (Sievers), and granted it to Jean Lannes, after Prussia was forced to cede all her acquisitions from the Second and Third Partitions of Poland. After the defeat of Napoleon, Siewierz was included in Congress Poland, under Imperial Russian rule. The town declined continuously, due to the lacking of industry and communication. During the January Uprising, in February 1863, Siewierz was captured by Polish insurgents after their victory in the Battle of Sosnowiec nearby.[2] In 1870, it lost its city status as part of Tsarist anti-Polish repressions following the fall of the January Uprising. In 1918, Poland regained independence, and Siewierz became part of the Second Polish Republic.
During the German invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, Siewierz was invaded and captured by Nazi Germany, and already on September 4, 1939, German troops committed a massacre of 10 Poles in the town, including one woman and several teenagers (see Nazi crimes against the Polish nation).[3] The town was then occupied by Germany until 1945.
In 1962 it regained its city status.
Sights
[edit]The most significant historic sights of Siewierz are the ruins of the medieval castle of Kraków bishops, the Baroque Church of Saint Matthias and the Romanesque Church of Saint John, which is one of the oldest preserved churches in Poland.
Sports
[edit]The local football club is LKS Przemsza Siewierz.[4] It competes in the IV Liga Silesian group[5] (fifth division of polish football)
Twin towns – sister cities
[edit]See twin towns of Gmina Siewierz.
References
[edit]- ^ "Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division in 2019. As of 30th June". stat.gov.pl. Statistics Poland. 2019-10-15. Retrieved 2020-02-14.
- ^ Mateusz Załęski. "Powstanie styczniowe w Zagłębiu. Sprawdź, jak Zagłębiacy zaskoczyli Imperium Rosyjskie". Twoje Zagłębie (in Polish). Retrieved 29 November 2020.
- ^ Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. p. 136.
- ^ "LKS Przemsza Siewierz - Oficjalna strona internetowa Klubu" (in Polish). Retrieved 29 November 2020.
- ^ "IV Liga". slzpn.pl. Retrieved 2024-08-22.
External links
[edit]- Official website
- Website of Public Information Bulletin: http://siewierz.bip.info.pl/
- Jewish Community in Siewierz on Virtual Shtetl
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