Monkey gland sauce: Difference between revisions

Monkey gland sauce
Type	Condiment
Place of origin	South Africa
Main ingredients	Chutney; Tomato sauce;
Ingredients generally used	Onions; Vinegar; Garlic; Worcestershire sauce;

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Monkey gland sauce is a dark coloured, thick, sweet and tangy sauce from South Africa. It is typically served as a topping for grilled steaks or burgers, but is also used as a marinade, a dipping sauce for onion rings and chips, or on roasted potatoes.^[1] It has been featured as a restaurant item since the 1930s,^[1] becoming a South African restaurant and fast food staple condiment.

Ingredients

The main components of monkey gland sauce are chutney and tomato sauce – which result in a sweet mixture. Then, the addition of onions, vinegar, garlic and Worcestershire sauce, gives it a savoury-sweet flavour.^[2]

Naming

Despite its name, the sauce does not contain any monkey glands.

There are various theories on the origins of the sauce but the most likely is that it originated with French chefs at the old Carlton Hotel in Johannesburg.^[3] South African diners added sauces such as chutney, tomato sauce, and Worcester sauce to the French dishes before eating them. Thus, the disgruntled chefs combined all the condiments to create a sauce which they named monkey gland sauce. There was speculation at the time that monkey glands could slow down ageing.^[4]

A more outlandish theory is that it was named after Russian-born French scientist, Dr Serge Abrahamovitch Voronoff, who was a regular visitor at the Savoy Hotel in London. One of his medical experiments involved grafting monkey testicle tissue onto impotent men as a cure. The hotel renamed his favourite steak dish the "monkey gland steak" when he became famous. Then an ex-Savoy waiter brought it over to South Africa in the 1930s.^[3]

Notes

^ ^a ^b Crushmag (7 September 2021). "The History of Monkey Gland Sauce". Crush Mag Online. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
^ Says, Simon (27 July 2020). "Monkey gland sauce – what is it and where did it come from?". Food24. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
^ ^a ^b Mogeni, Rodah (8 September 2020). "How to make juicy traditional South African monkey gland sauce". Briefly. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
^ "South African Monkey Gland Sauce". 24 July 2017.

References

Gold, Scott (2008). The Shameless Carnivore: A Manifesto for Meat Lovers. Ten Speed Press. ISBN 978-0-7679-2922-6.
Pienaar, Heilie (2003). Karan Beef Cookbook. Struik. ISBN 978-1-86872-838-1.
Raichlen, Steven (2010). Planet Barbecue!: 309 Recipes, 60 Countries. Workman Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7611-4801-2.
Sellick, Will (2010). The Imperial African Cookery Book: Recipes from English-speaking Africa. Jeppestown Press. ISBN 978-0-9553936-8-6.

This condiment-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

This South Africa-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[crushmag-1] Crushmag (7 September 2021). "The History of Monkey Gland Sauce". Crush Mag Online. Retrieved 4 May 2022.

[2] Says, Simon (27 July 2020). "Monkey gland sauce – what is it and where did it come from?". Food24. Retrieved 12 July 2021.

[Briefly-3] Mogeni, Rodah (8 September 2020). "How to make juicy traditional South African monkey gland sauce". Briefly. Retrieved 13 May 2022.

[4] "South African Monkey Gland Sauce". 24 July 2017.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|South African sauce}}
-{{Tone|date=August 2021}}{{More citations needed}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
+{{Use South African English|date = September 2023}}
-'''Monkey gland sauce''' has its origins in South Africa. It has been featured as a restaurant item for decades, becoming a bit of a South African restaurant and fast food menus staple condiment. It is a thick, sweet and tangy sauce, that’s dark in colour, and has a glossy finish. It is typically served as a topping for grilled steaks or burgers, but can also be used as a marinade, a dipping sauce for onion rings and fries, or smothered over roast potatoes.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Crushmag|date=2021-06-17|title=The History of Monkey Gland Sauce|url=https://crushmag-online.com/the-history-of-monkey-gland-sauce/|access-date=2021-07-12|website=Crush Mag Online|language=en-US}}</ref>
+{{Infobox food
-== Which ingredients does the Monkey Gland Sauce consist of? ==
+| place_of_origin = [[South Africa]]
-The '''Monkey Gland Sauce''' consists largely of already popular condiments found in most household pantries. The main components of the sauce are chutney and tomato sauce – which result in a sweet mixture. Then an addition of onions, vinegar, garlic and Worcestershire sauce, give it the savoury-sweet flavour that is loved by many.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Says|first=Simon|date=2020-07-27|title=Monkey gland sauce – what is it and where did it come from?|url=https://www.food24.com/monkey-gland-sauce-what-is-it-and-where-did-it-come-from/|access-date=2021-07-12|website=Food24|language=en-US}}</ref>
+| type = Condiment
+| main_ingredient = {{Plainlist|
+* [[Chutney]]
+* [[Ketchup|Tomato sauce]]}}
+| minor_ingredient = {{Plainlist|
+* Onions
+* Vinegar
+* Garlic
+* [[Worcestershire sauce]]}}
+}}
+'''Monkey gland sauce''' is a dark coloured, thick, sweet and tangy sauce from [[South Africa]]. It is typically served as a topping for grilled steaks or burgers, but is also used as a marinade, a dipping sauce for onion rings and [[French fries|chips]], or on roasted potatoes.<ref name="crushmag">{{Cite web |last=Crushmag |date=2021-09-07 |title=The History of Monkey Gland Sauce |url=https://crushmag-online.com/the-history-of-monkey-gland-sauce/ |access-date=2022-05-04 |website=Crush Mag Online |language=en-US}}</ref> It has been featured as a [[restaurant]] item since the 1930s,<ref name="crushmag" /> becoming a South African restaurant and [[fast food]] staple [[condiment]].
-== Prepare Monkey Gland Sauce at home. ==
-Below is a list of recipes, found online, that you can follow to make your own '''Monkey Gland Sauce:'''
+== Ingredients ==
-'''[https://www.food24.com/recipe/monkey-gland-sauce/ Monkey gland sauce - Food 24]'''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-08-10|title=Monkey gland sauce|url=https://www.food24.com/recipe/monkey-gland-sauce/|access-date=2021-07-12|website=Food24|language=en-US}}</ref>
+The main components of monkey gland sauce are [[chutney]] and [[tomato sauce]] – which result in a sweet mixture. Then, the addition of [[onion]]s, [[vinegar]], [[garlic]] and [[Worcestershire sauce]], gives it a savoury-sweet flavour.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Says|first=Simon|date=2020-07-27|title=Monkey gland sauce – what is it and where did it come from?|url=https://www.food24.com/monkey-gland-sauce-what-is-it-and-where-did-it-come-from/|access-date=2021-07-12|website=Food24|language=en-US}}</ref>
+== Naming ==
-'''[https://taste.co.za/recipes/hand-cut-rump-burgers-with-onion-rings-and-monkeygland-sauce/ Hand-cut rump burgers with onion rings and monkeygland sauce - Woolworths Taste]'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hand-cut rump burgers with onion rings and monkeygland sauce|url=https://taste.co.za/recipes/hand-cut-rump-burgers-with-onion-rings-and-monkeygland-sauce/|access-date=2021-07-12|website=Woolworths TASTE|language=en}}</ref>
+Despite its name, the sauce does not contain any monkey glands.
-'''[https://crushmag-online.com/recipe/homemade-monkey-gland-sauce/ HOMEMADE MONKEY GLAND SAUCE - Crush Mag Online]'''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Crushmag|date=2021-06-17|title=Homemade Monkey Gland Sauce|url=https://crushmag-online.com/recipe/homemade-monkey-gland-sauce/|access-date=2021-07-12|website=Crush Mag Online|language=en-US}}</ref>
+There are various theories on the origins of the sauce but the most likely is that it originated with French chefs at the old [[Carlton Hotel (Johannesburg)#First Carlton Hotel|Carlton Hotel]] in [[Johannesburg]].<ref name=Briefly>{{cite web | url=https://briefly.co.za/77277-how-juicy-traditional-south-african-monkey-gland-sauce.html | title=How to make juicy traditional South African monkey gland sauce | publisher=Briefly | first=Rodah | last=Mogeni  | date=8 September 2020 |   accessdate=13 May 2022}}</ref> South African diners added sauces such as chutney, tomato sauce, and Worcester sauce to the French dishes before eating them. Thus, the disgruntled chefs combined all the condiments to create a sauce which they named monkey gland sauce. There was speculation at the time that monkey glands could slow down ageing.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://tastyrecipes.sapeople.com/south-african-monkey-gland-sauce/ | title=South African Monkey Gland Sauce | date=24 July 2017 }}</ref>
-== Why is it called Monkey Gland Sauce? ==
-Despite its name, the sauce has nothing to do with monkeys or their glands. There are a number of theories about how the sauce got its name, two of which stemming from a controversial 1920s medical experiment, and the most popular one being quite a scandal!
-The most popular theory is that the name originated at the Savoy Hotel in London. French scientist, Dr Abrahamovitch Serge Voronoff, who was a regular patron of the hotel, was conducting experiments on how to cure impotence in men. His experiments, apparently, involved grafting monkey testicle tissue onto the testicles of impotent men, believing that these men could regain their vigor and that it would keep the men young. Dr Voronoff’s dish of preference, at the Savoy Hotel, was a brandied steak and the restaurant staff soon nicknamed the dish “'''Monkey Gland Sauce''' <nowiki>''</nowiki>, after his infamous experiments. One of the hotel’s staff, Cavaliere Bagatta - who was an Italian waiter, later moved to South Africa and brought the dish along with him, introducing it to the South African restaurant scene. Over time, the sauce evolved to its modern-day form and by the 70s, was a staple condiment.
+A more outlandish theory is that it was named after Russian-born French scientist, [[Serge Voronoff|Dr Serge Abrahamovitch Voronoff]], who was a regular visitor at the [[Savoy Hotel]] in London. One of his medical experiments involved grafting monkey testicle tissue onto impotent men as a cure. The hotel renamed his favourite steak dish the "monkey gland steak" when he became famous. Then an ex-Savoy waiter brought it over to South Africa in the 1930s.<ref name=Briefly />
-The second theory dates back to the old Carlton Hotel in Johannesburg in the 50s. This theory claims that the French chefs working at the hotel found it distasteful when their South African guests doused their finely prepared French cuisine in the likes of tomato sauce, chutney or Worcester sauce. Out of frustration, they decided to make a more sophisticated sauce, by combining the pantry condiments, and named it “'''Monkey Gland'''”, after Dr Voronoff. There is no solid evidence regarding the connection of the sauce to Dr Voronoff.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-10-15|title=Monkey gland sauce: why the name?|url=https://taste.co.za/why-is-it-called-monkey-gland-sauce/|access-date=2021-07-12|website=Woolworths TASTE|language=en}}</ref>
-Another theory suggests that a Swiss chef came to South Africa in the late 60s and needed to quickly make a sauce for steak. He then scrabbled about in the cupboard and found a few bottles of chutney, tomato sauce and Worcestershire sauce and mixed them together. It is unclear though, where the name came from in this version of theories.
-While the origin of the '''Monkey Gland Sauce''' is quite theoretical, there’s no denying that the sauce is firmly rooted in South African culture.
 == See also ==
@@ Line 47: / Line 51: @@
 {{portal bar|Food}}
-[[Category:Condiments]]
+[[Category:Sauces]]
 [[Category:South African cuisine]]

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