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{{Short description|Unicameral legislature of Mozambique}}
{{About|the parliament of Mozambique||Assembly of the Republic (disambiguation)}}
{{About|the parliament of Mozambique||Assembly of the Republic (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox legislature
{{Infobox legislature
|name = Assembly of the Republic
|name = Assembly of the Republic
|coa_pic = Emblem of Mozambique.svg
|coa_pic = Assembleia Popular Emblem.svg
|coa_res = 110px
|coa_res = 110px
|native_name = Assembleia da República
|native_name = Assembleia da República
|house_type = Unicameral
|house_type = Unicameral
|foundation = 1977<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.parlamento.mz/index.php/parlamento/a-instituicao/historico|title=Histórico}}</ref>
|foundation = 1977<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.parlamento.mz/index.php/parlamento/a-instituicao/historico|title=Histórico|accessdate=25 June 2023}}</ref>
|leader1_type = President of the Assembly
|leader1_type = President of the Assembly
|leader1 = [[Esperança Bias]]
|leader1 = [[Esperança Bias]]
Line 12: Line 13:
|election1 = 13 January 2020
|election1 = 13 January 2020
|members = 250
|members = 250
|structure1 = Mozambique Assembly of the Republic 2019.svg
|structure1 = Mozambique Assembly of the Republic 2024.svg
|structure1_res = 250px
|structure1_res = 250px
|political_groups1 = {{unbulleted list|
|political_groups1 = '''[[Cabinet of Mozambique|Government]] (195)'''
* {{Color box|#ED0A3F|border=darkgray}} [[FRELIMO]] (184)
* {{Color box|{{Party color|FRELIMO}}|border=silver}} [[FRELIMO]] (195)
'''[[Parliamentary opposition|Opposition]] (55)'''
* {{Color box|#113077|border=darkgray}} [[RENAMO]] (60)
* {{Color box|#F9B63C|border=darkgray}} [[Democratic Movement of Mozambique|MDM]] (6)
* {{Color box|{{Party color|Optimist Party for the Development of Mozambique}}|border=silver}} [[Optimist Party for the Development of Mozambique|PODEMOS]] (31)
* {{Color box|{{Party color|RENAMO}}|border=silver}} [[RENAMO]] (20)
}}
* {{Color box|{{Party color|Democratic Movement of Mozambique}}|border=silver}} [[Democratic Movement of Mozambique|MDM]] (4)
|voting_system1 = [[Party-list proportional representation]]<br>[[D'Hondt method]] with 5% [[Election threshold|threshold]]
|voting_system1 = [[Party-list proportional representation]]<br>[[D'Hondt method]] with 5% [[Election threshold|threshold]]
|last_election1 = [[2019 Mozambican general election|15 October 2019]]
|last_election1 = [[2024 Mozambican general election|9 October 2024]]
|next_election1 = 2029
|session_room = Assembleia da República Mozambique.jpg
|session_room = Assembleia da República Mozambique.jpg
| session_res = 250px
| session_res = 250px
Line 28: Line 31:


{{Politics of Mozambique}}
{{Politics of Mozambique}}
The '''Assembly of the Republic''' ({{Lang-pt|Assembleia da República}}) is the [[unicameral]] [[legislative body]] of the [[Republic of Mozambique]] established in 1977.
The '''Assembly of the Republic''' ({{Langx|pt|Assembleia da República}}) is the [[unicameral]] [[legislative body]] of the [[Mozambique|Republic of Mozambique]], established in 1977.


The current parliament has 250 members who are directly elected through a system of [[party-list proportional representation]] and serve five-year terms. Parties must receive at least five percent of the vote nationally to gain parliamentary representation. Parliamentary debates and business are conducted entirely in [[Portuguese language|Portuguese.]] Three parties are represented in the parliament: [[FRELIMO]], [[RENAMO]] and the [[Democratic Movement of Mozambique]]. After the 2014 election, RENAMO MPs have refused to take office, since the party considered [[Mozambican general election, 2014|the electoral act]] had been [[Electoral fraud|fraudulent]], but they resumed their duties in February 2015.<ref>{{in lang|pt}} [https://www.dn.pt/globo/interior/os-89-deputados-da-renamo-vao-assumir-os-seus-lugares-4389339.html VOs 89 deputados da Renamo vão assumir os seus lugares]</ref>
The current parliament has 250 members, who are directly elected through a system of [[party-list proportional representation]] and serve five-year terms. Parties must receive at least five percent of the vote nationally to gain parliamentary representation. Parliamentary debates and business are conducted entirely in [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]. Three parties are represented in the parliament: [[FRELIMO]], [[RENAMO]] and the [[Democratic Movement of Mozambique]]. After the 2014 election, RENAMO MPs have refused to take office, since the party considered [[Mozambican general election, 2014|the electoral act]] had been [[Electoral fraud|fraudulent]], but they resumed their duties in February 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dn.pt/globo/os-89-deputados-da-renamo-vao-assumir-os-seus-lugares-4389339.html|title=Os 89 deputados da Renamo vão assumir os seus lugares|date=9 February 2015|website=www.dn.pt|accessdate=25 June 2023}}</ref>


==Presidents of the Assembly==
==Presidents of the Assembly==
The President of the Assembly is the second-highest figure in the state hierarchy of Mozambique, and will replace the [[President of Mozambique]] in case of incapacity.<ref>https://eisa.org.za/pdf/200905azevedo.pdf</ref>
The President of the Assembly is the second-highest figure in the state hierarchy of Mozambique, and will replace the [[President of Mozambique]] in case of incapacity.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://eisa.org.za/pdf/200905azevedo.pdf |title=EISA |access-date=2019-04-03 |archive-date=2017-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809034024/https://eisa.org.za/pdf/200905azevedo.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The permanent position of President of the Assembly was only established in 1986. Previously the position was filled by the President of the [[People's Republic of Mozambique]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Assembleia da República de Moçambique - Apontamentos Históricos |url=http://www.parlamento.mz/parlamento/apontamentos-historicos |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519033850/http://www.parlamento.mz/parlamento/apontamentos-historicos |archive-date=2014-05-19 |date=19 May 2014}}</ref>


{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
Line 41: Line 44:
!Notes
!Notes
|-
|-
|[[Marcelino dos Santos]]
|[[Samora Machel]]
|1977
|1977
|1986
|Ex officio
|-
|[[Marcelino dos Santos]]
|1986
|1994
|1994
|<ref name="www.parlamento.mz">http://www.parlamento.mz/index.php/orgaos/orgaos-politicos/comissao-permanente/lista-passada</ref>
|<ref name="www.parlamento.mz">{{cite web |url=http://www.parlamento.mz/index.php/orgaos/orgaos-politicos/comissao-permanente/lista-passada |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408162139/http://www.parlamento.mz/index.php/orgaos/orgaos-politicos/comissao-permanente/lista-passada |archive-date=2016-04-08 |title=Lista Passada}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[Eduardo Mulémbwè]]
|[[Eduardo Mulémbwè]]
Line 54: Line 62:
|12 January 2010
|12 January 2010
|13 January 2020
|13 January 2020
|<ref>https://www.open.ac.uk/technology/mozambique/sites/www.open.ac.uk.technology.mozambique/files/pics/d128147.pdf</ref>
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.open.ac.uk/technology/mozambique/sites/www.open.ac.uk.technology.mozambique/files/pics/d128147.pdf|title=Mozambique political process bulletin|website=open.ac.uk|access-date=25 June 2023}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[Esperança Bias]]
|[[Esperança Bias]]
Line 62: Line 70:
|}
|}


== 2019 parliamentary election results ==
==Latest election==
{{main|2024 Mozambican general election#Assembly}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"
{{Election results
! colspan="2" |Party
|image=
!Votes
|party1=[[FRELIMO]]|votes1=|seats1=195|sc1=+11
!%
|party2=[[Optimist Party for the Development of Mozambique|PODEMOS]]|votes2=|seats2=31|sc2=New
!Seats
|party3=[[RENAMO]]|votes3=|seats3=20|sc3=–40
!+/–
|party4=[[Democratic Movement of Mozambique]]|votes4=|seats4=4|sc4=–2
<!--
|party5=Action Party of the United Movement for Integral Salvation|votes5=|seats5=0|sc5=0|color5=green
|party6=New Democracy|votes6=0|seats6=|sc6=0
|party7=Union for Change|votes7=|seats7=0|sc7=0
|party8={{ill|National Reconciliation Party (Mozambique)|ja|国民和解党 (モザンビーク)|lt=National Reconciliation Party}}|votes8=0|seats8=|sc8=0
|party9=Patriotic Movement for Democracy|votes9=|seats9=0|sc9=0
|party10=Union for Reconciliation Party|votes10=|seats10=0|sc10=0
|party11=[[Greens Party of Mozambique]]|votes11=|seats11=0|sc11=0
|party12=Labour Party|votes12=|seats12=0|sc12=0
|party13=National Party of the Mozambican People/CRD|votes13=|seats13=0|sc13=0
|party14=Youth Movement for the Restoration of Democracy|votes14=|seats14=0|sc14=0
|party15=National Movement for the Recovery of Mozambican Unity|votes15=|seats15=|sc15=
|party16=Electoral Union|votes16=|seats16=|sc16=
|party17=Mozambique People's Progress Party |votes17=|seats17=|sc17=
|party18=Social Renewal Party|votes18=|seats18=|sc18=
|party19=Ecological Party of Mozambique|votes19=|seats19=|sc19=
|party20=Party of Freedom and Development|votes20=|seats20=|sc20=
|party21=Democratic Unity|votes21=|seats21=|sc21=
|party22=Ecological Party–Land Movement|votes22=|seats22=|sc22=
|party23=Democratic Justice Party of Mozambique|votes23=|seats23=|sc23=
|party24=Social Broadening Party of Mozambique |votes24=|seats24=|sc24=
|party25=National Workers and Peasants Party|votes25=|seats25=|sc25=
|party26=Democratic Union of Mozambique|votes26=|seats26=|sc26=
-->
|invalid=
|total_sc=0
|electorate=
|source=[https://clubofmozambique.com/news/mozambique-elections-frelimo-increases-parliamentary-majority-with-195-seats-podemos-leads-opposition-with-31-cne-269531/ Club of Mozambique]
}}

==Historical composition==
{| class="wikitable" width="70%" style="border:solid #000000 1px;font-size:95%;"
|-
|-
| colspan="2" |
| bgcolor="{{party color|FRELIMO}}" width="1px" |
{| width="100%" style="font-size:100%;"
| align="left" |[[FRELIMO]]
| width="50" |
|4,323,298
|{{legend|{{party color|Optimist Party for the Development of Mozambique}}|[[Optimist Party for the Development of Mozambique|PODEMOS]]}}
|71.28
|{{legend|{{party color|FRELIMO}}|[[FRELIMO]]}}
|184
|{{legend|{{party color|Democratic Movement of Mozambique}}|[[Democratic Movement of Mozambique|MDM]]}}
| +40
|{{legend|{{party color|RENAMO}}|[[RENAMO]]}}
|-
|{{legend|#2816C2|[[Renamo-UE|RENAMO–UE]]}}
| bgcolor="{{party color|RENAMO}}" |
|{{legend|#FFDD00|[[Democratic Union (Mozambique)|UD]]}}
| align="left" |[[RENAMO]]
|}
|1,351,659
|22.28
|60
|–29
|-
| bgcolor="#F9B63C" |
| align="left" |[[Democratic Movement of Mozambique]]
|254,290
|4.19
|6
|–11
|-
|-
| width="50" | [[1977 Mozambican general election|1977]]
| bgcolor="green" |
| align="left" |[[Action Party of the United Movement for Integral Salvation|AMUSI]]
|27,277
|0.45
|0
|
|
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;"
| style="background-color: {{party color|FRELIMO}}; width: 100%"|226
|}
|-
|-
| width="50" | [[1986 Mozambican general election|1986]]
| bgcolor="#009a00" |
| align="left" |New Democracy
|25,046
|0.41
|0
|
|
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;"
| style="background-color: {{party color|FRELIMO}}; width: 100%"|249
|}
|-
|-
| [[1994 Mozambican general election|1994]]
|
|
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;"
| align="left" |Unity for Change
| style="background-color: {{party color|FRELIMO}}; width: 51.6%"|129
|8,347
| style="background-color: {{party color|RENAMO}}; width: 44.8%"| 112
|0.14
| style="background-color: #FFDD00; width: 3.6%"|9
|0
|
|}
|-
|-
| [[1999 Mozambican general election|1999]]
| bgcolor="yellow" |
| align="left" |Optimistic People for the Development of Mozambique
|6,768
|0.11
|0
|
|
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;"
| style="background-color: {{party color|FRELIMO}}; width: 53.2%"|133
| style="background-color: #2816C2; width: 46.8%"| 117
|}
|-
|-
| [[2004 Mozambican general election|2004]]
|
|
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;"
| align="left" |National Reconciliation Party
| style="background-color: {{party color|FRELIMO}}; width: 64%"|160
|6,469
| style="background-color: #2816C2; width: 36%"| 90
|0.11
|0
|}
|
|-
|-
| [[2009 Mozambican general election|2009]]
|
|
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;"
| align="left" |Patriotic Movement for Democracy
| style="background-color: {{party color|FRELIMO}}; width: 76.4%"|191
|5,883
| style="background-color: {{party color|Democratic Movement of Mozambique}}; width: 3.2%"| 8
|0.10
| style="background-color: {{party color|RENAMO}}; width: 20.4%"| 51
|0
|
|}
|-
|-
| [[2014 Mozambican general election|2014]]
|
|
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;"
| align="left" |Unity Party for Reconciliation
| style="background-color: {{party color|FRELIMO}}; width: 57.6%"|144
|5,399
| style="background-color: {{party color|Democratic Movement of Mozambique}}; width: 6.8%"| 17
|0.09
| style="background-color: {{party color|RENAMO}}; width: 35.6%"| 89
|0
|
|}
|-
|-
| [[2019 Mozambican general election|2019]]
| bgcolor="#64BC44" |
| align="left" |[[Greens Party of Mozambique]]
|5,361
|0.09
|0
|
|
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;"
| style="background-color: {{party color|FRELIMO}}; width: 73.6%"|184
| style="background-color: {{party color|Democratic Movement of Mozambique}}; width: 2.4%"| 6
| style="background-color: {{party color|RENAMO}}; width: 24%"| 60
|}
|-
|-
| [[2024 Mozambican general election|2024]]
|
|
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white;"
| align="left" |Workers' Party
| style="background-color: {{party color|Optimist Party for the Development of Mozambique}}; width: 12.4%"|31
|5,173
| style="background-color: {{party color|FRELIMO}}; width: 78%"|195
|0.09
| style="background-color: {{party color|Democratic Movement of Mozambique}}; width: 1.6%"| 4
|0
| style="background-color: {{party color|RENAMO}}; width: 8%"| 20
|
|-
|
| align="left" |National Party of the Mozambican People/CRD
|4,143
|0.07
|0
|
|-
|
| align="left" |Youth Movement for the Restoration of Democracy
|4,054
|0.07
|0
|
|-
| bgcolor="#077cc1" |
| align="left" |National Movement for the Recovery of Mozambican Unity
|3,820
|0.06
|0
|
|-
|
| align="left" |Electoral Union
|3,769
|0.06
|0
|
|-
|
| align="left" |People's Progress Party of Mozambique
|3,431
|0.06
|0
|
|-
|
| align="left" |Social Renewal Party
|3,365
|0.06
|0
|
|-
|
| align="left" |Ecological Party of Mozambique
|3,313
|0.05
|0
|
|-
|
| align="left" |Party of Liberty and Development
|2,868
|0.05
|0
|
|-
|
| align="left" |Democratic Unity
|2,720
|0.04
|0
|
|-
| bgcolor="#54B647" |
| align="left" |Ecological Party – Land Movement
|2,579
|0.04
|0
|
|-
| bgcolor="black" |
| align="left" |Democratic Justice Party of Mozambique
|2,036
|0.03
|0
|
|-
|
| align="left" |Social Enlargement Party of Mozambique
|2,006
|0.03
|0
|
|-
|
| align="left" |National Party of Workers and Peasants
|1,783
|0.03
|0
|
|-
|
| align="left" |Democratic Union of Mozambique
|664
|0.01
|0
|
|-
| colspan="2" align="left" |Invalid/blank votes
|700,895
|–
|–
|–
|-
| colspan="2" align="left" |'''Total'''
|'''6,766,416'''
|'''100'''
|'''250'''
|
|-
| colspan="2" align="left" |{{nowrap|Registered voters/turnout}}
|13,162,321
|51.41
|–
|–
|-
| colspan="6" align="left" |Source: [https://www.eisa.org.za/pdf/moz2019cc.pdf STAE]
|}
|}

==Previous parliamentary election results==
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" border="1" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
! rowspan="2" scope="col" align="left" |[[Political Party]]
! colspan="8" scope="col" align="center" |[[Election]] Year
|-
|- bgcolor="#e8e8e8"
! scope="col" |[[1994 Mozambican general election|1994]]
! scope="col" |[[1999 Mozambican general election|1999]]
! scope="col" |[[2004 Mozambican general election|2004]]
! scope="col" |[[2009 Mozambican general election|2009]]
! scope="col" |[[2014 Mozambican general election|2014]]
|-
| align="left" |[[Mozambique Liberation Front]] (FRELIMO)
| align="center" |129
| align="center" |133
| align="center" |160
| align="center" |191
| align="center" |144
|-
| align="left" |[[Mozambican National Resistance]] (RENAMO)
| align="center" |112
| align="center" | -
| align="center" | -
| align="center" |51
| align="center" |89
|-
| align="left" |[[Mozambican National Resistance-Electoral Union]] (RENAMO-UE)
| align="center" | -
| align="center" |117
| align="center" |90
| align="center" | -
| align="center" | -
|-
| align="left" |[[Democratic Movement of Mozambique]] (MDM)
| align="center" | -
| align="center" | -
| align="center" | -
| align="center" |8
| align="center" |17
|-
| align="left" |[[Democratic Union (Mozambique)|Democratic Union]] (UD)
| align="center" |9
| align="center" | -
| align="center" | -
| align="center" | -
| align="center" | -
|-
| align="left" |'''Total'''
| align="center" |'''250'''
| align="center" |'''250'''
| align="center" |'''250'''
| align="center" |'''250'''
| align="center" |'''250'''
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 346: Line 208:
{{DEFAULTSORT:Assembly Of The Republic Of Mozambique}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Assembly Of The Republic Of Mozambique}}
[[Category:Assembly of the Republic (Mozambique)| ]]
[[Category:Assembly of the Republic (Mozambique)| ]]
[[Category:Unicameral legislatures]]
[[Category:National legislatures]]

Latest revision as of 16:03, 21 December 2024

This article is about the parliament of Mozambique. For other uses, see Assembly of the Republic (disambiguation).
Assembly of the Republic

Assembleia da República
Coat of arms or logo
Type
Type
History
Founded1977[1]
Leadership
President of the Assembly
Esperança Bias, FRELIMO
since 13 January 2020
Structure
Seats250
Political groups
Government (195)
  •   FRELIMO (195)

Opposition (55)

Elections
Party-list proportional representation
D'Hondt method with 5% threshold
Last election
9 October 2024
Next election
2029
Meeting place
Palácio da Assembleia da República
Maputo, Mozambique
Website
www.parlamento.mz
Politics of Mozambique
Constitution
Executive
Legislature
Judiciary
Elections
Administrative divisions
Foreign relations
map Africa portal

The Assembly of the Republic (Portuguese: Assembleia da República) is the unicameral legislative body of the Republic of Mozambique, established in 1977.

The current parliament has 250 members, who are directly elected through a system of party-list proportional representation and serve five-year terms. Parties must receive at least five percent of the vote nationally to gain parliamentary representation. Parliamentary debates and business are conducted entirely in Portuguese. Three parties are represented in the parliament: FRELIMO, RENAMO and the Democratic Movement of Mozambique. After the 2014 election, RENAMO MPs have refused to take office, since the party considered the electoral act had been fraudulent, but they resumed their duties in February 2015.[2]

Presidents of the Assembly

[edit]

The President of the Assembly is the second-highest figure in the state hierarchy of Mozambique, and will replace the President of Mozambique in case of incapacity.[3] The permanent position of President of the Assembly was only established in 1986. Previously the position was filled by the President of the People's Republic of Mozambique.[4]

Name Took office Left office Notes
Samora Machel 1977 1986 Ex officio
Marcelino dos Santos 1986 1994 [5]
Eduardo Mulémbwè 1994 2009 [5]
Verónica Macamo 12 January 2010 13 January 2020 [6]
Esperança Bias 13 January 2020 Incumbent [7]

Latest election

[edit]
Main article: 2024 Mozambican general election § Assembly
PartySeats+/–
FRELIMO195+11
PODEMOS31New
RENAMO20–40
Democratic Movement of Mozambique4–2
Total2500
Source: Club of Mozambique

Historical composition

[edit]
  PODEMOS
  FRELIMO
  MDM
  RENAMO
  RENAMO–UE
  UD
1977
226
1986
249
1994
129 112 9
1999
133 117
2004
160 90
2009
191 8 51
2014
144 17 89
2019
184 6 60
2024
31 195 4 20

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Histórico". Retrieved 25 June 2023.
  2. ^ "Os 89 deputados da Renamo vão assumir os seus lugares". www.dn.pt. 9 February 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
  3. ^ "EISA" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-09. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
  4. ^ "Assembleia da República de Moçambique - Apontamentos Históricos". 19 May 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-05-19.
  5. ^ a b "Lista Passada". Archived from the original on 2016-04-08.
  6. ^ "Mozambique political process bulletin" (PDF). open.ac.uk. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
  7. ^ "Mozambique". 5 July 2018.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Assembly_of_the_Republic_(Mozambique)&oldid=1264334784"