Jump to content

Gonyosoma oxycephalum: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
m Add from=Q47945 to {{Taxonbar}}; WP:GenFixes on, using AWB
GreenC bot (talk | contribs)
Bots
2,548,646 edits
Reformat 1 archive link. Wayback Medic 2.5 per WP:USURPURL and JUDI batch #20
 
(33 intermediate revisions by 22 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{short description|Species of reptile}}
{{italic title}}{{speciesbox
{{Italic title}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Red-tailed green ratsnake
| name = Red-tailed green ratsnake
| image = Gonyosoma oxycephalum Oslo.JPG
| image = Gonyosoma oxycephalum Oslo.JPG
Line 5: Line 7:
| status = LC
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{Cite journal | author = Wogan, G. | author2 = Vogel, G. | author3 = Thy, N. | author4 = Nguyen, T.Q. | author5 = Demegillo, A. | author6 = Diesmos, A.C. | author7 = Gonzalez, J.C. | last-author-amp = yes | title = ''Gonyosoma oxycephalum'' | journal = [[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] | volume = 2012 | page = e.T183196A1732988 | publisher = [[IUCN]] | date = 2012 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/183196/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T183196A1732988.en | access-date = 26 December 2017}}</ref>
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Wogan, G. |author2=Vogel, G. |author3=Thy, N. |author4=Nguyen, T.Q. |author5=Demegillo, A. |author6=Diesmos, A.C. |author7=Gonzalez, J.C. |date=2012 |title=''Gonyosoma oxycephalum'' |volume=2012 |page=e.T183196A1732988 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T183196A1732988.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>
| genus = Gonyosoma
| genus = Gonyosoma
| species = oxycephalum
| species = oxycephalum
| authority = ([[Friedrich Boie|F. Boie]], 1827)<ref>Boie, F. 1827 Bemerkungen über Merrem's Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien, 1. Lieferung: Ophidier. Isis van Oken, Jena, 20: 508-566</ref>
| authority = ([[Friedrich Boie|F. Boie]], 1827)
| range_map = Gonyosoma oxycephalum distribution.png
| range_map = Gonyosoma oxycephalum distribution.png
| synonyms = ''Elaphe oxycephala'' <small>(Boie, 1827)</small>
| synonyms = ''Elaphe oxycephala'' <small>(Boie, 1827)</small>
}}
}}
⚫
The '''red-tailed green ratsnake''' ('''''Gonyosoma oxycephalum''''', also known as '''arboreal ratsnake''' and '''red-tailed racer''') is a species of snake found in [[Southeast Asia]].


⚫
'''''Gonyosoma oxycephalum''''', known commonly as the '''arboreal ratsnake''', the '''red-tailed green rat snake''', and the '''red-tailed racer''', is a [[species]] of snake in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Colubridae]]. The species is [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[Southeast Asia]].
⚫
== Description ==
⚫
It is a robust snake with powerful, smooth scales on its belly that is ideal for climbing trees and across branches. It has smaller, smooth scales on its back that is usually bright green or light green and may have black net-like pattern. A gray-colored morph with a yellow head exists in [[Panay]], in the Philippines.


It was first [[Scientific description|described]] by [[Friedrich Boie]] in 1827.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Boie, F. |year=1827 |title=Bemerkungen über Merrem's Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien, Erste Lieferung: Ophidier |journal=Isis von Oken |volume=20 |issue=VI |pages=508–566 |url=https://archive.org/details/isisvonoken1827oken/page/286}}</ref>
⚫
As its name indicates, the snake has a green body with a red tail but is usually brown. It also has a dark line horizontally across its eye. On the sides of its black tongue there may be a Brown and blue colour. The top of the head maybe dark green, yellow-green or yellow in colour.

⚫
==Description==
⚫
''G. oxycephalum'' is a robust powerful snake, with wide smooth scales on its belly that are ideal for climbing trees and across branches. It has smaller, smooth scales on its back, which is usually bright green or light green and may have a black net-like pattern. A gray-colored morph with a yellow head exists in [[Panay]], in the Philippines.

⚫
As some of its common names indicate, the snake has a green body with a red tail, but is usually brown. It also has a dark line horizontally across the eye. On the sides of its black tongue there may be brown and blue colour. The top of the head may be dark green, yellow-green, or yellow in colour.


<gallery>
<gallery>
Image:Gonyosoma oxycephalum.jpg|''Gonyosoma oxycephalum'', [[Kaeng Krachan National Park]], Thailand
Image:Gonyosoma oxycephalum.jpg|''Gonyosoma oxycephalum'', [[Kaeng Krachan National Park]], Thailand
Image:Elaphe oxycephala.jpg|Gonyosoma oxycephalum
Image:Elaphe oxycephala.jpg|''Gonyosoma oxycephalum''
</gallery>
</gallery>


The female can reach a length of up to 2.4 m (almost 8 feet), while the male is generally a little bit smaller but brighter in coloration. Its average life span in captivity is 20 years. It reaches sexually maturity at 4 years of age, and its eggs have a hatching time from 13 to 16 weeks. The female lays on average between 3 and 8 eggs usually between September and January and the hatchlings are about 45&nbsp;cm (18 inches) long.
The female can reach a length of up to 2.4 m (almost 8 feet), while the male is generally a little bit smaller but brighter in coloration.


== Behavior ==
==Longevity==
The average life span of ''G. oxycephalum'' in captivity is 20 years.
⚫
The red-tailed green ratsnake lives and spends its life in the trees and in cavities in trees. It seldom descends to the ground. When the snake is stressed, it may inflate a bag of air in its neck, making it appear larger in size.


==Reproduction==
⚫
In captivity, it has quite the 'attitude' and may strike at or bite an unwary handler. It's temperament can be unpredictable and may change from time to time but an individual may become tame through proper handling.
''G. oxycephalum'' reaches sexually maturity at 4 years of age, and its eggs have a hatching time from 13 to 16 weeks. The female lays on average between 3 and 8 eggs usually between September and January and the hatchlings are about 45&nbsp;cm (18 inches) long.


== Diet ==
==Behavior==
⚫
The red-tailed green ratsnake lives and spends its life in the trees and in cavities of trees. It seldom descends to the ground. When the snake is stressed, it may inflate a bag of air in its neck, making it appear larger in size.
⚫
It feeds almost exclusively on birds, bird eggs and bats. It catches them in mid-air while hanging amongst branches. In captivity, it can be trained to feed on rodents such as mice and rats.

⚫
In captivity, it has quite the "attitude" and may strike at or bite an unwary handler. Its temperament can be unpredictable and may change from time to time but an individual may become tame through proper handling.

==Diet==
⚫
''G. oxycephalum'' feeds almost exclusively on birds, bird eggs, lizards, and bats. It catches them in mid-air while hanging amongst branches. In captivity, it can be trained to feed on rodents such as mice and rats.


==Distribution==
==Distribution==
''G. oxycephalumm'' is found in the following countries:
*[[Indonesia]] (Bangka, Belitung, [[Java (island)|Java]], [[Kalimantan|Kalimantan/Borneo]], [[Karimata]], [[Legundi]], [[Lombok]], [[Mentawai islands]], [[Natuna islands]], [[Nias]], [[Panaitan]], [[Riau archipelago]], [[Sebuku (Sumatra)|Sebuku]], [[Sumatra]], [[Tambelan archipelago]]),
*[[Indonesia]] ([[Bangka Island|Bangka]], Belitung, [[Java (island)|Java]], [[Kalimantan|Kalimantan/Borneo]], [[Karimata]], [[Legundi]], [[Lombok]], [[Mentawai islands]], [[Natuna islands]], [[Nias]], [[Panaitan]], [[Riau archipelago]], [[Sebuku (Sumatra)|Sebuku]], [[Sumatra]], [[Tambelan archipelago]]),
*[[Malaysia]] (Malaya and East Malaysia, Pulau Tioman ?),
*[[Malaysia]] (Malaya and East Malaysia, Pulau Tioman ?),
*[[Singapore]] Island, [[Penang Island]],
*[[Singapore]] Island, [[Penang Island]],
*[[India]] ([[Andaman Islands]]),
*[[India]] ([[Andaman Islands]]),
*[[Myanmar]] (= Burma),
*[[Myanmar]],
*[[Thailand]] (incl. [[Phuket Province|Phuket]]), [[Cambodia]], [[Laos]], [[Vietnam]],
*[[Thailand]] (incl. [[Phuket Province|Phuket]]), [[Cambodia]], [[Laos]], [[Vietnam]],
*[[Philippine Islands]] (Balabac, Bohol, Catanduanes, Lubang, [[Luzon]], Negros, Palawan, Sulu Archipelago, Panay)
*[[Philippine Islands]] (Balabac, Bohol, Catanduanes, Lubang, [[Luzon]], Negros, Palawan, Sulu Archipelago, Panay).


[[Type locality (biology)|Type locality]] Indonesia: Java (Boie, 1827)
The [[Type locality (biology)|Type locality]] is Indonesia: Java ([[Friedrich Boie|F. Boie]], 1827).

==Population==
As of 2015, the Red-tailed Green Ratsnake was categorized as "Least Concern" by the IUCN due to its relatively healthy population estimated at 15,000-20,000 individuals across its range. However, recent data as of 2022 indicates a decline in its numbers, with an estimated population of around 10,000-15,000. Despite this decline, it still retains its "Least Concern" status.


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

* Boulenger, G.A. 1894 On the herpetological fauna of Palawan and Balabac. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 14: 81-90
==Further reading==
⚫
* Dowling, Herndon G. 1958 A taxonomic study of the ratsnakes VI. Validation of the genera ''Gonyosoma'' Wagler and ''Elaphe'' Fitzinger. Copeia 1958 (1): 29-40
* Gray, J. E. 1849 Description of three new genera and species of snakes. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (2) 4: 246-248
*[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger GA]] (1894). "On the Herpetological Fauna of Palawan and Balabac". ''Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Sixth Series'' '''14''': 81–90.
⚫
*Dowling, Herndon G. (1958). "A taxonomic study of the ratsnakes VI. Validation of the genera ''Gonyosoma'' Wagler and ''Elaphe'' Fitzinger". ''Copeia'' '''1958''' (1): 29–40.
*[[John Edward Gray|Gray JE]] (1849). "Description of three new genera and species of snakes". ''Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Second Series'' '''4''': 246–248.


==External links==
==External links==
* {{NRDB species|genus=Gonyosoma|species=oxycephalum|date=9 November|year=2010}}
* {{Commons category-inline|Gonyosoma oxycephalum}}
*{{NRDB species|genus=Gonyosoma|species=oxycephalum|date=9 November|year=2010}}
* [http://www.herpFocus.com?HFID=HFV20080713-001 Video Gonysoma oxycephalum drinking]
*[http://www.herpFocus.com?HFID=HFV20080713-001 Video of ''Gonysoma oxycephalum'' drinking] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212172406/http://www.herpfocus.com/?HFID=HFV20080713-001 |date=2012-02-12 }}
* [http://www.ratsnakefoundation.org/modules/smartsection/item.php?itemid=123 Gonysoma oxycephalum Information sheet]
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090226143243/http://www.ratsnakefoundation.org/modules/smartsection/item.php?itemid=123 ''Gonysoma oxycephalum'' Information sheet]}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q47945}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q47945}}


[[Category:Colubrids]]
[[Category:Gonyosoma]]
[[Category:Snakes of Southeast Asia]]
[[Category:Snakes of Southeast Asia]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Brunei]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Brunei]]
Line 71: Line 89:
[[Category:Reptiles of Thailand]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Thailand]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Vietnam]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Vietnam]]
[[Category:Reptiles described in 1827]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Friedrich Boie]]
[[Category:Snakes of Vietnam]]
[[Category:Snakes of Asia]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Borneo]]

Latest revision as of 18:31, 21 December 2024

Red-tailed green ratsnake
Red-tailed green ratsnake
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Family: Colubridae
Genus: Gonyosoma
Species:
G. oxycephalum
Binomial name
Gonyosoma oxycephalum
(F. Boie, 1827)
Synonyms

Elaphe oxycephala (Boie, 1827)

Gonyosoma oxycephalum, known commonly as the arboreal ratsnake, the red-tailed green rat snake, and the red-tailed racer, is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to Southeast Asia.

It was first described by Friedrich Boie in 1827.[2]

Description

[edit]

G. oxycephalum is a robust powerful snake, with wide smooth scales on its belly that are ideal for climbing trees and across branches. It has smaller, smooth scales on its back, which is usually bright green or light green and may have a black net-like pattern. A gray-colored morph with a yellow head exists in Panay, in the Philippines.

As some of its common names indicate, the snake has a green body with a red tail, but is usually brown. It also has a dark line horizontally across the eye. On the sides of its black tongue there may be brown and blue colour. The top of the head may be dark green, yellow-green, or yellow in colour.

The female can reach a length of up to 2.4 m (almost 8 feet), while the male is generally a little bit smaller but brighter in coloration.

Longevity

[edit]

The average life span of G. oxycephalum in captivity is 20 years.

Reproduction

[edit]

G. oxycephalum reaches sexually maturity at 4 years of age, and its eggs have a hatching time from 13 to 16 weeks. The female lays on average between 3 and 8 eggs usually between September and January and the hatchlings are about 45 cm (18 inches) long.

Behavior

[edit]

The red-tailed green ratsnake lives and spends its life in the trees and in cavities of trees. It seldom descends to the ground. When the snake is stressed, it may inflate a bag of air in its neck, making it appear larger in size.

In captivity, it has quite the "attitude" and may strike at or bite an unwary handler. Its temperament can be unpredictable and may change from time to time but an individual may become tame through proper handling.

Diet

[edit]

G. oxycephalum feeds almost exclusively on birds, bird eggs, lizards, and bats. It catches them in mid-air while hanging amongst branches. In captivity, it can be trained to feed on rodents such as mice and rats.

Distribution

[edit]

G. oxycephalumm is found in the following countries:

The Type locality is Indonesia: Java (F. Boie, 1827).

Population

[edit]

As of 2015, the Red-tailed Green Ratsnake was categorized as "Least Concern" by the IUCN due to its relatively healthy population estimated at 15,000-20,000 individuals across its range. However, recent data as of 2022 indicates a decline in its numbers, with an estimated population of around 10,000-15,000. Despite this decline, it still retains its "Least Concern" status.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Wogan, G.; Vogel, G.; Thy, N.; Nguyen, T.Q.; Demegillo, A.; Diesmos, A.C.; Gonzalez, J.C. (2012). "Gonyosoma oxycephalum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012: e.T183196A1732988. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T183196A1732988.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ Boie, F. (1827). "Bemerkungen über Merrem's Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien, Erste Lieferung: Ophidier". Isis von Oken. 20 (VI): 508–566.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Boulenger GA (1894). "On the Herpetological Fauna of Palawan and Balabac". Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Sixth Series 14: 81–90.
  • Dowling, Herndon G. (1958). "A taxonomic study of the ratsnakes VI. Validation of the genera Gonyosoma Wagler and Elaphe Fitzinger". Copeia 1958 (1): 29–40.
  • Gray JE (1849). "Description of three new genera and species of snakes". Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Second Series 4: 246–248.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Gonyosoma_oxycephalum&oldid=1264357248"