Mori Kingdom: Difference between revisions

Mori Kingdom
Mori Kingdom
610s–734
	South Asia; 600 CE MORIS PANDYAS LICCHAVIS CHOLAS ZHANGZHUNG CHERAS SAMATATAS KAMARUPA VISHNU-; KUNDINAS PALLAVAS ALUPAS NEZAKS ALCHONS KALINGAS PANDUVAMSHIS GAUDA SHAILODBHAVAS GONANDAS KANNAUJ TAKKA WESTERN; TURKS TOCHARIANS VALABHI SINDH MANDAVYA-; PURA LATER GUPTAS THANESAR CHALUKYAS EARLY; KALA-; CHURIS PERSIAN; EMPIRE The Moris and neighbouring South Asian polities circa 600 CE
Capital	Chittorgarh Fort, Rajasthan, India; 24°53′11″N 74°38′49″E / 24.8863°N 74.647°E
Religion	State religion:; Hinduism;
History
• Established	610s
• Disestablished	734
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Aulikaras
Guhila dynasty

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The Mori Kingdom, also known as the Later Mauryas,^[a] was a kingdom that ruled over southwestern Rajasthan and northern Malwa in India. The kingdom was established in the 7th century, and reigned for a period of about 120 years.^[4] The Mori Rajputs controlled the Chittor Fort, and were a powerful military regime in this region before the rise of the Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty.

History

The Mori Rajputs are mentioned as one of the thirty-five branches of the Parmar Rajput clan by British scholars.^[5] Chitrangada Mori, a Mori Rajput ruler, laid the foundation of the fort of Chittorgarh (also known as Chittor Fort).^[6]^[7]^[8]

The Mori people controlled the Chittor Fort and the surrounding region before the Guhila dynasty took control. The fort of Chittor became a well-established citadel in the 8th century under the Moris.^[9] An inscription in the fortress (dated 713 CE) names four Mori Rajput rulers of Chittor.^[10]

Bappa Rawal probably led the Mori campaign against the Arabs, which, among other factors, contributed to his historical prominence. Later, he either deposed his overlord, Manuraja of the Chittor (also known as Mana Mori), and became king with the help of the nobles, or he became the king after Manuraja died childless.^[11] Following Bappa Rawal's rise to power, the Moris were expelled from Chittorgarh.^[12]^[13]

Defeat by the Arabs

According to C.K. Majumdar, the Moris were ruling at Chittor^[14] when the Arabs (mlechchhas) invaded north-western India, around 725 CE.^[14] The Arabs defeated the Moris, and in turn, were defeated by a confederacy that included Bappa Rawal.^[15]^[16]^[17]

Decline of Mori Kingdom

Bappa Rawal defeated King Mana Mori, his maternal grandfather, and captured the kingdom of Chittor. This event is mentioned in the Rajprashasti Abhilekh, in the epic Mahakavya, in Canto 3.^[18]^[19]

Instead of counting Bappa Rawal as the last king of the Mori Dynasty of Chittor, some sources provide a different order of events and count Mana Mori as the final king. Muhammad bin Qasim who was an Arab military commander in service of the Umayyad Caliphate, attacked Chittor via Mathura in 725 CE.^[14] Bappa Rawal, of Guhila dynasty, was a commander in the Mori army. After defeating Bin Qasim, Bappa Rawal obtained Chittor in dowry from Mana Mori in 734 CE. From then on, Chittor was ruled by the Sisodia Rajputs. Still, descendants of Chitrangada Mori are said to survive in the Malwa region of India.^{[citation needed]}

Inscriptions

The Dabok stone inscription, dating back to Gupta Samvat 407 (725 CE), records events during the reign of Dhavalappadeva. This ruler is likely the same as Dhavala, a prince from the Maurya dynasty mentioned in the Kansuvam inscription of Vikrama Samvat 795 (738 CE).^[20] Mana Mori ruled Chittor until at least 736 AD as per the Kansuvam inscription. It is known that Bappa captured the fort from Mana Mori, not from Dhavala Mori.^[21] The Kanswa inscription describes Dhavala as follows:

(L.5)- The rulers (born) in this Mauryan race, like the elephants of the quarters, filling the noble with joy by (their) faces bright with generosity (as with rutting-juice) together with their adherents confidently take delight everywhere, undaunted of mind (and) exulting in (their) pride, of known renown on account of (their) good lineage (and) known for (their) virtues, praiseworthy for probity and full of energy.
(L.6)- Among these kings, who were such (and) who ruled the whole earth, there was a prince who, Dhavala as he was, was dazzling by (his) fame. For their own sins, which day by day they always openly brought on themselves by their bodies and so forth, he defeated (his) enemies and reduced the wretches to such a state that, like evil spirits, naked (and) ever famishing (and thus) day by day revealing the punishment (meted out to them, and) again and again wandering at night to strangers' houses, they even now are kings.
—Kanswa Inscription of Dhavala Mori^[22]

Manuraja is identified with Māna, mentioned in the Chittorgarh Māna-sarovara inscription of 713 AD. Māna was described as the son of Bhoja.^[13]^[17] Māna's great - grandfather was named Maheśvara.^[23]

Notes

^ To distinguish them from the unrelated Maurya Empire.

References

^ Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical atlas of South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 21, 147. ISBN 0226742210.
^ Balogh, Dániel (9 December 2018), Chittorgarh fragmentary inscriptions of the Naigamas, inked rubbing, SIDDHAṂ: The South Asia Inscriptions Database, doi:10.5281/zenodo.2105017
^ Epigraphia Indica Vol 34. pp. 53–58.
^ Somani, ram Vallabh (1976). History Of Mewar. p. 28.
^ Chand, Faquir; Sinha, N. K. (1992). People of India: Daman and Diu. Popular Prakashan. ISBN 978-81-7154-762-3.
^ Singh Chib, Sukhdev (1979). Rajasthan. The University of Michigan. p. 118.
^ Rajasthan. The University of Michigan. 1962. p. 44.
^ Guides, Bluworlds; Das, Joydip. Royal Rajasthan Pocket Travel Guide. Bluworlds Guides.
^ India Tourism Development Corporation, India Tourism Development Corporation (1975). Guide to Rajasthan. India Tourism Development Corporation. p. 169.
^ Rajasthan State Gazetteer, Rajasthan State Gazetteer (1995). Rajasthan State Gazetteer: History and culture. Directorate, District Gazetteers, Government of Rajasthan. p. 322.
^ Shyam Manohar Mishra 1977, p. 48.
^ Topsfield, Andrew (2001). Court Painting at Udaipur Art Under the Patronage of the Maharanas of Mewar. Artibus Asiae Publishers. p. 17. ISBN 9783907077030.
^ ^a ^b Sanskrit College (Kolkata, India) (1965). Calcutta Sanskrit College Research Series. Sanskrit College. p. 52.
^ ^a ^b ^c R. C. Majumdar 1977, p. 298-299.
^ Ram Vallabh Somani 1976, p. 45.
^ Khalid Yahya Blankinship 1994, p. 188.
^ ^a ^b Kumar, Raj (2008). Encyclopaedia Of Untouchables : Ancient Medieval And Modern. Gyan Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-7835-664-8. Cite error: The named reference "un" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
^ Bhatt, Ranchod (1973). Rajprasastia Mahakavyam.
^ Ranchod Bhatt Maharana (1973). Raj Singh Raj Prashasti.
^ Raychaudhari, HC. The dynastic History of Northern India, Volume II. Calcutta University Press. p. 1198. Dabok stone-inscription dated in Gupta Samvat 407 (c. 725 A.D.). The inscription is dated in the victorious reign of the Dhavalappadeva, who has with some probability been identified with the Maurya prince Dhavala of the Kansuvam inscription dated in V.S. 795 (A.D. 738).
^ R. Ram (1962). History Of The Guhilots (From c. 550 A.D. to c.1364 A.D.). Banaras Hindu University. Pg.66 : After Mana, Dhavala of the Mori dynasty was reigning in the vicinity of Chitoda at least upto 736 A.D., the date of his Kansuvama inscription. As we know that Bappa seized the fort from Mana and not from Dhavala.
Pg. 163 : Dhavala of this record with a Mori king Dhavala of the Kansuvama inscription of 759 A.D.
^ Richard Carnac, John Faithfull Fleet (1936). Indian Antiquary: A Journal of Oriental Research, Volume 19. Calcutta University Press. p. 60.
^ Singh, R.B (1975). Origin of the Rajputs. Sahitya Sansar Prakashan. p. 40.

Bibliography

Khalid Yahya Blankinship (1994). The End of the Jihad State: The Reign of Hisham Ibn 'Abd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads. SUNY Press. p. 188. ISBN 978-0-7914-1827-7.
Ram Vallabh Somani (1976). History of Mewar, from Earliest Times to 1751 A.D. Mateshwari. OCLC 2929852.
R. C. Majumdar (1977). Ancient India. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 9788120804364.
Shyam Manohar Mishra (1977). Yaśovarman of Kanauj. Abhinav. OCLC 557679616.

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[4] To distinguish them from the unrelated Maurya Empire.

[JES-1] Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical atlas of South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 21, 147. ISBN 0226742210.

[2] Balogh, Dániel (9 December 2018), Chittorgarh fragmentary inscriptions of the Naigamas, inked rubbing, SIDDHAṂ: The South Asia Inscriptions Database, doi:10.5281/zenodo.2105017

[3] Epigraphia Indica Vol 34. pp. 53–58.

[5] Somani, ram Vallabh (1976). History Of Mewar. p. 28.

[diu-6] Chand, Faquir; Sinha, N. K. (1992). People of India: Daman and Diu. Popular Prakashan. ISBN 978-81-7154-762-3.

[S_Singh_Rajasthan-7] Singh Chib, Sukhdev (1979). Rajasthan. The University of Michigan. p. 118.

[Tourism-8] Rajasthan. The University of Michigan. 1962. p. 44.

[das-9] Guides, Bluworlds; Das, Joydip. Royal Rajasthan Pocket Travel Guide. Bluworlds Guides.

[India_tourism_guide-10] India Tourism Development Corporation, India Tourism Development Corporation (1975). Guide to Rajasthan. India Tourism Development Corporation. p. 169.

[Gazetteer_HC-11] Rajasthan State Gazetteer, Rajasthan State Gazetteer (1995). Rajasthan State Gazetteer: History and culture. Directorate, District Gazetteers, Government of Rajasthan. p. 322.

[FOOTNOTEShyam_Manohar_Mishra197748-12] Shyam Manohar Mishra 1977, p. 48.

[Andrew_T-13] Topsfield, Andrew (2001). Court Painting at Udaipur Art Under the Patronage of the Maharanas of Mewar. Artibus Asiae Publishers. p. 17. ISBN 9783907077030.

[Calcutta-14] Sanskrit College (Kolkata, India) (1965). Calcutta Sanskrit College Research Series. Sanskrit College. p. 52.

[FOOTNOTER._C._Majumdar1977298-299-15] R. C. Majumdar 1977, p. 298-299.

[FOOTNOTERam_Vallabh_Somani197645-16] Ram Vallabh Somani 1976, p. 45.

[FOOTNOTEKhalid_Yahya_Blankinship1994188-17] Khalid Yahya Blankinship 1994, p. 188.

[un-18] Kumar, Raj (2008). Encyclopaedia Of Untouchables : Ancient Medieval And Modern. Gyan Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-7835-664-8. Cite error: The named reference "un" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).

[19] Bhatt, Ranchod (1973). Rajprasastia Mahakavyam.

[20] Ranchod Bhatt Maharana (1973). Raj Singh Raj Prashasti.

[21] Raychaudhari, HC. The dynastic History of Northern India, Volume II. Calcutta University Press. p. 1198. Dabok stone-inscription dated in Gupta Samvat 407 (c. 725 A.D.). The inscription is dated in the victorious reign of the Dhavalappadeva, who has with some probability been identified with the Maurya prince Dhavala of the Kansuvam inscription dated in V.S. 795 (A.D. 738).

[22] R. Ram (1962). History Of The Guhilots (From c. 550 A.D. to c.1364 A.D.). Banaras Hindu University. Pg.66 : After Mana, Dhavala of the Mori dynasty was reigning in the vicinity of Chitoda at least upto 736 A.D., the date of his Kansuvama inscription. As we know that Bappa seized the fort from Mana and not from Dhavala.
Pg. 163 : Dhavala of this record with a Mori king Dhavala of the Kansuvama inscription of 759 A.D.

[23] Richard Carnac, John Faithfull Fleet (1936). Indian Antiquary: A Journal of Oriental Research, Volume 19. Calcutta University Press. p. 60.

[Origin-24] Singh, R.B (1975). Origin of the Rajputs. Sahitya Sansar Prakashan. p. 40.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Short description|Indian kingdom}}
+{{pp-pc|small=yes}}
 {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
 {{Not to be confused with|Maurya Empire}}
@@ Line 21: / Line 22: @@
 }}
 [[File:Chittorgarh fort.JPG|thumb|upright=1.3|A view of [[Chittorgarh Fort]], Rajasthan, India]]
-[[File:Chittorgarh fragmentary inscriptions of the Naigamas, first half of the 6th century CE.jpg|thumb|Chittorgarh fragmentary inscriptions of the Naigamas, first half of the 6th century CE.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Balogh |first1=Dániel |title=Chittorgarh fragmentary inscriptions of the Naigamas, inked rubbing |url=https://zenodo.org/record/2105017 |date=9 December 2018|doi=10.5281/zenodo.2105017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Epigraphia Indica Vol 34 |pages=53–58 |url=https://archive.org/details/epigraphiaindicavol34_388_M/page/n93/mode/2up}}</ref>]]
+[[File:Chittorgarh fragmentary inscriptions of the Naigamas, first half of the 6th century CE.jpg|thumb|Chittorgarh fragmentary inscriptions of the Naigamas, first half of the 6th century CE.<ref>{{citation |last1=Balogh |first1=Dániel |title=Chittorgarh fragmentary inscriptions of the Naigamas, inked rubbing |url=https://zenodo.org/record/2105017 |date=9 December 2018|doi=10.5281/zenodo.2105017 |publisher=SIDDHAṂ: The South Asia Inscriptions Database}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Epigraphia Indica Vol 34 |pages=53–58 |url=https://archive.org/details/epigraphiaindicavol34_388_M/page/n93/mode/2up}}</ref>]]
-The '''Mori Kingdom''', was a kingdom that ruled over southwestern [[Rajasthan]] and northern [[Malwa]] in India. The kingdom was established in the 7th century, and reigned for a period of about 120 years.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Somani |first1=ram Vallabh |title=History Of Mewar |date=1976 |page=28 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.143000/page/n33/mode/2up}}</ref> The Mori controlled the [[Chittor Fort]], and were a powerful military regime in this region before the rise of the [[Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty]].
+The '''Mori Kingdom''', also known as the '''Later Mauryas''',{{efn|To distinguish them from the unrelated [[Maurya Empire]].}} was a kingdom that ruled over southwestern [[Rajasthan]] and northern [[Malwa]] in India. The kingdom was established in the 7th century, and reigned for a period of about 120 years.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Somani |first1=ram Vallabh |title=History Of Mewar |date=1976 |page=28 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.143000/page/n33/mode/2up}}</ref> The Mori Rajputs controlled the [[Chittor Fort]], and were a powerful military regime in this region before the rise of the [[Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty]].
 ==History==
 The Mori Rajputs are mentioned as one of the thirty-five branches of the [[Parmar (clan)|Parmar]] [[Rajput]] clan by British scholars.<ref name="diu">{{cite book |last1=Chand |first1=Faquir |last2=Sinha |first2=N. K. |title=People of India: Daman and Diu |date=1992 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7154-762-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lS-vD6l8cO8C&dq=Mori+Rajputs&pg=PA87 |language=en}}</ref> [[Chitrangada Mori]], a Mori Rajput ruler, laid the foundation of the fort of [[Chittor Fort|Chittorgarh]] (also known as Chittor Fort).<ref name="S Singh Rajasthan">{{cite book |last1=Singh Chib |first1=Sukhdev |title=Rajasthan |date=1979 |publisher=The University of Michigan |pages=118 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gXstAAAAMAAJ&q=Mori%20Rajput}}</ref><ref name="Tourism">{{cite book| title= Rajasthan |date=1962 |publisher=The University of Michigan |pages=44 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L6gBAAAAMAAJ&q=Mori%20Rajput}}</ref><ref name="das">{{cite book |last1=Guides |first1=Bluworlds |last2=Das |first2=Joydip |title=Royal Rajasthan Pocket Travel Guide |publisher=Bluworlds Guides |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m7XSCQAAQBAJ&dq=Mori+Rajputs&pg=PA36 |language=en}}</ref>
 The Mori people controlled the [[Chittor Fort]] and the surrounding region before the [[Guhila dynasty]] took control. The fort of Chittor became a well-established citadel in the 8th century under the Moris.<ref name="India tourism guide">{{cite book |last1=India Tourism Development Corporation |first1=India Tourism Development Corporation |title=Guide to Rajasthan |date=1975 |publisher=India Tourism Development Corporation |pages=169 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AsItAAAAMAAJ&q=Mori%20Rajput}}</ref> An inscription in the fortress (dated 713 CE) names four Mori Rajput rulers of Chittor.<ref name="Gazetteer HC">{{cite book |last1=Rajasthan State Gazetteer |first1=Rajasthan State Gazetteer |title=Rajasthan State Gazetteer: History and culture |date=1995 |publisher=Directorate, District Gazetteers, Government of Rajasthan |pages=322 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oUZuAAAAMAAJ&q=Mori+Rajput}}</ref>
-[[Bappa Rawal]] probably led the Mori campaign against the Arabs, which, among other factors, contributed to his historical prominence. Later, he either deposed his overlord, Manuraja of the Chittor (also known as Mana Mori), and became king with the help of the nobles, or he became the king after Manuraja died childless.{{sfn|Shyam Manohar Mishra|1977|p=48}} Following Bappa Rawal's rise to power, the Moris were expelled from [[Chittor Fort|Chittorgarh]].<ref name="Andrew T">{{cite book |last1=Topsfield |first1=Andrew |title=Court Painting at Udaipur Art Under the Patronage of the Maharanas of Mewar |date=2001 |publisher=Artibus Asiae Publishers |isbn=9783907077030 |pages=17 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rvu6EfsFH48C&q=Mori%20Rajput}}</ref><ref name="Calcutta">{{cite book |last1=Calcutta Sanskrit College Research Series |first1=Calcutta Sanskrit College Research Series |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5LUeAQAAIAAJ&q=mori%20Rajput |title=Calcutta Sanskrit College Research Series |date=1965 |publisher=The University of California |pages=52}}</ref>
+[[Bappa Rawal]] probably led the Mori campaign against the Arabs, which, among other factors, contributed to his historical prominence. Later, he either deposed his overlord, Manuraja of the Chittor (also known as Mana Mori), and became king with the help of the nobles, or he became the king after Manuraja died childless.{{sfn|Shyam Manohar Mishra|1977|p=48}} Following Bappa Rawal's rise to power, the Moris were expelled from [[Chittor Fort|Chittorgarh]].<ref name="Andrew T">{{cite book |last1=Topsfield |first1=Andrew |title=Court Painting at Udaipur Art Under the Patronage of the Maharanas of Mewar |date=2001 |publisher=Artibus Asiae Publishers |isbn=9783907077030 |pages=17 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rvu6EfsFH48C&q=Mori%20Rajput}}</ref><ref name="Calcutta">{{cite book |author=Sanskrit College (Kolkata, India) |title=Calcutta Sanskrit College Research Series |date=1965 |publisher=Sanskrit College |pages=52 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5LUeAQAAIAAJ&q=mori%20Rajput}}</ref>
 ===Defeat by the Arabs===
@@ Line 37: / Line 38: @@
 ===Decline of Mori Kingdom===
-Bappa Rawal defeated King Mana Mori, his maternal grandfather, and captured the kingdom of Chittor. This event is mentioned in the [[Raj Prashasti|Rajprashasti]] Abhilekh, in the epic [[Mahakavya]], in Canto 3.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhatt |first=Ranchod |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.400924 |title=Rajprasastia Mahakavyam |date=1973}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Ranchod Bhatt Maharana |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.403285 |title=Raj Singh Raj Prashasti |date=1973}}</ref>
+Bappa Rawal defeated King Mana Mori, his maternal grandfather, and captured the kingdom of Chittor. This event is mentioned in the [[Raj Prashasti|Rajprashasti]] Abhilekh, in the epic [[Mahakavya]], in Canto 3.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhatt |first=Ranchod |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.400924 |title=Rajprasastia Mahakavyam |date=1973}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ranchod Bhatt Maharana |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.403285 |title=Raj Singh Raj Prashasti |date=1973}}</ref>
-Instead of counting Bappa Rawal as the last king of the Mori Dynasty of Chittor, some sources provide a different order of events and count Mana Mori as the final king. [[Muhammad bin Qasim]] who was an [[Arab]] military commander in service of the [[Umayyad Caliphate]], attacked Chittor via [[Mathura]] in 725 CE.{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1977|p=298-299}}  [[Bappa Rawal]], of [[Guhila dynasty]], was a commander in the Mori army. After defeating Bin Qasim, Bappa Rawal obtained Chittor in dowry from Mana Mori in 734 CE. From then on, Chittor was ruled by the Sisodia Rajputs.{{sfn|indianrajputs.com/history}} Still, descendants of Chitrangada Mori are said to survive in the [[Malwa]] region of India.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}
+Instead of counting Bappa Rawal as the last king of the Mori Dynasty of Chittor, some sources provide a different order of events and count Mana Mori as the final king. [[Muhammad bin Qasim]] who was an [[Arab]] military commander in service of the [[Umayyad Caliphate]], attacked Chittor via [[Mathura]] in 725 CE.{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1977|p=298-299}}  [[Bappa Rawal]], of [[Guhila dynasty]], was a commander in the Mori army. After defeating Bin Qasim, Bappa Rawal obtained Chittor in dowry from Mana Mori in 734 CE. From then on, Chittor was ruled by the Sisodia Rajputs. Still, descendants of Chitrangada Mori are said to survive in the [[Malwa]] region of India.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}
 ==Inscriptions==
 The Dabok stone inscription, dating back to Gupta Samvat 407 (725 CE), records events during the reign of Dhavalappadeva. This ruler is likely the same as Dhavala, a prince from the Maurya dynasty mentioned in the Kansuvam inscription of Vikrama Samvat 795 (738 CE).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Raychaudhari |first=HC |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.calcutta.06227/page/60/mode/1up |title=The dynastic History of Northern India, Volume II |publisher=Calcutta University Press |pages=1198 |quote=Dabok stone-inscription dated in Gupta Samvat 407 (c. 725 A.D.). The inscription is dated in the victorious reign of the Dhavalappadeva, who has with some probability been identified with the Maurya prince Dhavala of the Kansuvam inscription dated in V.S. 795 (A.D. 738).}}</ref> Mana Mori ruled Chittor until at least 736 AD as per the Kansuvam inscription. It is known that Bappa captured the fort from Mana Mori, not from Dhavala Mori.<ref>{{Cite book |last=R. Ram |url=http://archive.org/details/history-of-guhilots-by-r.-ram |title=History Of The Guhilots (From c. 550 A.D. to c.1364 A.D.) |publisher=Banaras Hindu University |publication-date=1962 |pages= |quote=Pg.66 : After Mana, Dhavala of the Mori dynasty was reigning in the vicinity of Chitoda at least upto 736 A.D., the date of his Kansuvama inscription. As we know that Bappa seized the fort from Mana and not from Dhavala.<br/>Pg. 163 : Dhavala of this record with a Mori king Dhavala of the Kansuvama inscription of 759 A.D.}}</ref> The Kanswa inscription describes Dhavala as follows:
 <blockquote>
-(L.5)- The rulers (born) in this Mauryan race , like the elephants of the quarters, filling the noble with joy by (their) faces bright with generosity (as with rutting-juice) together with their adherents confidently take delight everywhere, undaunted of mind (and) exulting in (their) pride, of known renown on account of (their) good lineage (and) known for (their) virtues, praiseworthy for probity and full of energy.<br>
+(L.5)- The rulers (born) in this Mauryan race, like the elephants of the quarters, filling the noble with joy by (their) faces bright with generosity (as with rutting-juice) together with their adherents confidently take delight everywhere, undaunted of mind (and) exulting in (their) pride, of known renown on account of (their) good lineage (and) known for (their) virtues, praiseworthy for probity and full of energy.<br>
 (L.6)- Among these kings, who were such (and) who ruled the whole earth, there was a prince who, Dhavala as he was, was dazzling by (his) fame. For their own sins, which day by day they always openly brought on themselves by their bodies and so forth, he defeated (his) enemies and reduced the wretches to such a state that, like evil spirits, naked (and) ever famishing (and thus) day by day revealing the punishment (meted out to them, and) again and again wandering at night to strangers' houses, they even now are kings.
 <br>
-—[[Kanswa]] Inscription of Dhavala Mori<ref>{{Cite book |last=Richard Carnac |first=John Faithfull Fleet|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.calcutta.10483/page/1198/mode/1up |title=Indian Antiquary: A Journal of Oriental Research, Volume 19 |publisher=Calcutta University Press |pages=60}}</ref>
+—[[Kanswa]] Inscription of Dhavala Mori<ref>{{Cite book |last=Richard Carnac |first=John Faithfull Fleet|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.calcutta.10483/page/1198/mode/1up |title=Indian Antiquary: A Journal of Oriental Research, Volume 19 |date=1936 |publisher=Calcutta University Press |pages=60}}</ref>
 </blockquote>
-Manuraja is identified with Māna, mentioned in the Chittorgarh Māna-sarovara inscription of 713 AD. Māna was described as the son of Bhoja.<ref name="Calcutta">{{cite book |last1=Calcutta Sanskrit College Research Series |first1=Calcutta Sanskrit College Research Series |title=Calcutta Sanskrit College Research Series |date=1965 |publisher=The University of California |pages=52 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5LUeAQAAIAAJ&q=mori%20Rajput}}</ref><ref name="un">{{cite book |last1=Kumar |first1=Raj |title=Encyclopaedia Of Untouchables : Ancient Medieval And Modern |date=2008 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |isbn=978-81-7835-664-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e8o5HyC0-FUC&dq=Mori+Rajputs&pg=PA142}}</ref> Māna's great - grandfather was named Maheśvara.<ref name="Origin">{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=R.B |title=Origin of the Rajputs |date=1975 |publisher=Sahitya Sansar Prakashan |pages=40 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IcM5AQAAIAAJ&q=mori%20Rajput}}</ref>
+Manuraja is identified with Māna, mentioned in the Chittorgarh Māna-sarovara inscription of 713 AD. Māna was described as the son of Bhoja.<ref name="Calcutta"/><ref name="un">{{cite book |last1=Kumar |first1=Raj |title=Encyclopaedia Of Untouchables : Ancient Medieval And Modern |date=2008 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |isbn=978-81-7835-664-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e8o5HyC0-FUC&dq=Mori+Rajputs&pg=PA142}}</ref> Māna's great - grandfather was named Maheśvara.<ref name="Origin">{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=R.B |title=Origin of the Rajputs |date=1975 |publisher=Sahitya Sansar Prakashan |pages=40 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IcM5AQAAIAAJ&q=mori%20Rajput}}</ref>
 ==See also==
@@ Line 79: / Line 80: @@
 [[Category:7th-century establishments in India]]
 [[Category:8th-century disestablishments in India]]
-[[Category:Medieval empires and kingdoms of India]]
+[[Category:Medieval Indian monarchies]]
 [[Category:Hindu dynasties]]
 [[Category:Chittorgarh district]]
@@ Line 85: / Line 86: @@
 [[Category:Rajput clans of Rajasthan]]
 [[Category:Rajput history]]
 {{India-ethno-stub}}

v t e Clans of the Rajput people
Suryavanshi	Bais Rajputs Gautam Rathore Mair Rajput Bersal Bargujar Kachwaha Gaur Sisodia Guhila Pundir Gohil
Chandravanshi	Banaphar Bhati Benvanshi Chudasama Chandel Jadaun Jadeja Katoch Sengar Tomar
Agnivanshi	Chauhan Parmar Solanki Parihar
Subclans	Gandhavariya Hada Chauhan Naruka Shekhawat Taoni Shaktawat Chundawat Dogra
Subdivision Clans	Bundela Harihobans Jaitawat Jasrotia Karadiya Rajput Kinwar Lohtamia Mian Minhas Nanwag Panwar (Pawar) Sagar Rajputs Langah Langrial Jhala Janjua Domaal Samma Sodha Bhadauria Khokhar