Baradostian culture: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Upper Paleolithic flint industry culture}} |
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{{Infobox archaeological culture |
{{Infobox archaeological culture |
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|name = Baradostian culture |
|name = Baradostian culture |
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|followedby = [[Zarzian culture]], [[Trialetian]] |
|followedby = [[Zarzian culture]], [[Trialetian]] |
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{{Paleolithic |
{{Paleolithic}} |
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The '''Baradostian culture''' was an [[Upper Paleolithic]] flint industry culture found in the [[Zagros Mountains|Zagros]] region in the border-country between [[Iraq]] and [[Iran]].<ref |
The '''Baradostian culture''' was an [[Upper Paleolithic]] flint industry culture found in the [[Zagros Mountains|Zagros]] region in the border-country between [[Iraq]] and [[Iran]].<ref name=EHE/> It was preceded by the Middle Paleolithic [[Mousterian]] culture, directly overlying it without an intervening bladelet industry.<ref name=EHE>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D4wk-6xjgjkC&dq=baradostian&pg=PT342|title=Encyclopedia of Human Evolution and Prehistory: Second Edition|last1=Delson|first1=Eric|last2=Tattersall|first2=Ian|last3=Couvering|first3=John Van|last4=Brooks|first4=Alison S.|date=2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135582272|language=en}}</ref> This culture is known for the high percentage of [[Burin (lithic flake)|burins]] and some of these were similar to the distinctive nosed profile of the [[Aurignacian]] burins.<ref name=EHE/> |
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== Characteristics == |
== Characteristics == |
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Radiocarbon dates suggest that this was one of the earliest Upper Paleolithic complexes, beginning perhaps as early as 36,000 BC. Evidence found in the [[Yafteh]] cave assemblages, revealed that the early phase of this culture was not as sophisticated as the evolved middle phase, and it produced blades and bladelets using soft hammer from single platform prismatic cores with plain platforms.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Middle and Upper Paleolithic Archeology of the Levant and Beyond|last1=Nishiaki|first1=Yoshihito|last2=Akazawa|first2=Takeru|publisher=Springer|year=2017|isbn=9789811068256|location=Singapore|pages=151}}</ref> |
Radiocarbon dates suggest that this was one of the earliest [[Upper Paleolithic]] complexes, beginning perhaps as early as 36,000 BC. Evidence found in the [[Yafteh]] cave assemblages, revealed that the early phase of this culture was not as sophisticated as the evolved middle phase, and it produced blades and bladelets using soft hammer from single platform prismatic cores with plain platforms.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Middle and Upper Paleolithic Archeology of the Levant and Beyond|last1=Nishiaki|first1=Yoshihito|last2=Akazawa|first2=Takeru|publisher=Springer|year=2017|isbn=9789811068256|location=Singapore|pages=151}}</ref> |
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The Baradostian's relationship to neighbouring cultures remains unclear. This is also the case regarding the issue of whether this culture gradually evolved from the previous Zagros Mousterian cultural group, which is associated primarily with the [[Neanderthal|Neanderthals]], or whether early modern humans brought to the Zagros region the technologies linked to the Baradostian.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Human origin sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia, Vol. 1|last=Sanz|first=Nuria|publisher=UNESCO Publishing|year=2015|isbn=9789231001079|location=Paris|pages=45}}</ref> |
The Baradostian's relationship to neighbouring cultures remains unclear. This is also the case regarding the issue of whether this culture gradually evolved from the previous Zagros Mousterian cultural group, which is associated primarily with the [[Neanderthal|Neanderthals]], or whether early modern humans brought to the Zagros region the technologies linked to the Baradostian.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Human origin sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia, Vol. 1|last=Sanz|first=Nuria|publisher=UNESCO Publishing|year=2015|isbn=9789231001079|location=Paris|pages=45}}</ref> |
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[[Shanidar Cave]] in Iraqi Kurdistan, [[Warwasi]] rock-shelter, [[Kaldar Cave]] and Yafteh Cave in the western Zagros, and [[Eshkaft-e Gavi Cave]] in the southern Zagros |
[[Shanidar Cave]] in Iraqi Kurdistan, [[Warwasi]] rock-shelter, [[Kaldar Cave]] and Yafteh Cave in the western Zagros, and [[Eshkaft-e Gavi Cave]] in the southern Zagros was among the major sites to have been excavated.{{Citation needed|date=August 2017}} Perhaps precipitated by the most recent cold phase (the [[Würm glaciation]]) of the current ice age, the Baradostian was replaced by a local Epipaleolithic industry called the [[Zarzian culture]]. The Baradostian tool tradition marks the end of the Zagros Paleolithic sequence.{{Citation needed|date=August 2017}} |
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According to M. Otte, the Baradostian of the Zagros clearly belongs to Aurignacian traditions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.em-consulte.com/en/article/120954|title=La place du Baradostien dans l'origine du Paléolithique supérieur d'Eurasie |website=www.em-consulte.com}}</ref> |
According to M. Otte, the Baradostian of the Zagros clearly belongs to Aurignacian traditions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.em-consulte.com/en/article/120954|title=La place du Baradostien dans l'origine du Paléolithique supérieur d'Eurasie |website=www.em-consulte.com}}</ref> |
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==References== |
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<references/> |
<references/> |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071211190016/http://www.nycep.org/ed/download/pdf/2000o%20Asia%2C%20Western.pdf Benco ''et al.'' Asia, Western. ''From'' Encyclopedia of Human Evolution and Prehistory, 2nd ed; E. Delson, I. Tattersall, J. A.Van Couvering and A. S. Brooks, eds. Garland: New York, 2000.] |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Baradostian Culture}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Baradostian Culture}} |
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Latest revision as of 21:42, 21 December 2024
| Period | Upper Paleolithic |
|---|---|
| Dates | c. 36,000 – c. 18,000 BC |
| Preceded by | Mousterian |
| Followed by | Zarzian culture, Trialetian |
| The Paleolithic |
|---|
| ↑ Pliocene (before Homo) |
| ↓ Mesolithic |
The Baradostian culture was an Upper Paleolithic flint industry culture found in the Zagros region in the border-country between Iraq and Iran.[1] It was preceded by the Middle Paleolithic Mousterian culture, directly overlying it without an intervening bladelet industry.[1] This culture is known for the high percentage of burins and some of these were similar to the distinctive nosed profile of the Aurignacian burins.[1]
Characteristics
[edit]Radiocarbon dates suggest that this was one of the earliest Upper Paleolithic complexes, beginning perhaps as early as 36,000 BC. Evidence found in the Yafteh cave assemblages, revealed that the early phase of this culture was not as sophisticated as the evolved middle phase, and it produced blades and bladelets using soft hammer from single platform prismatic cores with plain platforms.[2]
The Baradostian's relationship to neighbouring cultures remains unclear. This is also the case regarding the issue of whether this culture gradually evolved from the previous Zagros Mousterian cultural group, which is associated primarily with the Neanderthals, or whether early modern humans brought to the Zagros region the technologies linked to the Baradostian.[3]
Shanidar Cave in Iraqi Kurdistan, Warwasi rock-shelter, Kaldar Cave and Yafteh Cave in the western Zagros, and Eshkaft-e Gavi Cave in the southern Zagros was among the major sites to have been excavated.[citation needed] Perhaps precipitated by the most recent cold phase (the Würm glaciation) of the current ice age, the Baradostian was replaced by a local Epipaleolithic industry called the Zarzian culture. The Baradostian tool tradition marks the end of the Zagros Paleolithic sequence.[citation needed]
According to M. Otte, the Baradostian of the Zagros clearly belongs to Aurignacian traditions.[4]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Delson, Eric; Tattersall, Ian; Couvering, John Van; Brooks, Alison S. (2004). Encyclopedia of Human Evolution and Prehistory: Second Edition. Routledge. ISBN 9781135582272.
- ^ Nishiaki, Yoshihito; Akazawa, Takeru (2017). The Middle and Upper Paleolithic Archeology of the Levant and Beyond. Singapore: Springer. p. 151. ISBN 9789811068256.
- ^ Sanz, Nuria (2015). Human origin sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia, Vol. 1. Paris: UNESCO Publishing. p. 45. ISBN 9789231001079.
- ^ "La place du Baradostien dans l'origine du Paléolithique supérieur d'Eurasie". www.em-consulte.com.
External links
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