Emmanuel Halgan: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|French Navy officer and admiral}} |
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[[File:Amiral halgan.jpg|thumb|right|'''Emmanuel Halgan''']] |
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'''Emmanuel Halgan''' ({{IPA|fr|emanɥɛl alɡɑ̃}}; [[Donges]], 31 December 1771 - Paris, 20 April 1852) was a French Navy officer and admiral.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rj0VAAAAYAAJ |title=Revue de Gascogne: Bulletin Bimestrial de la Société Historique de Gascogne |date=1891 |pages=543 |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Schloss |first=Rebecca Hartkopf |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kKtAHRdy-wgC |title=Sweet Liberty: The Final Days of Slavery in Martinique |date=2012-02-28 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |isbn=978-0-8122-0356-1 |pages=156 |language=en}}</ref> |
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== Biography == |
== Biography == |
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After rejoining the Navy, he served aboard the brig ''Curieux'', captured by a British frigate in 1793. Halgan was taken prisoner. Upon his return to France, he served on the [[French ship Terrible (1779)|''Terrible'']] and on a number of other ships. |
After rejoining the Navy, he served aboard the brig ''Curieux'', captured by a British frigate in 1793. Halgan was taken prisoner. Upon his return to France, he served on the [[French ship Terrible (1779)|''Terrible'']] and on a number of other ships. |
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In 1798, Halgan received command of |
In 1798, Halgan received command of {{ship|French corvette|Aréthuse|1798|2}}. The next year, ''Aréthuse'' was dismasted and captured by the 74-gun {{HMS|Excellent|1787|2}}, off Portugal. The Royal Navy took ''Aréthuse'' into service as HMS ''Raven''. |
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In 1800, Halgan was tasked with commissioning |
In 1800, Halgan was tasked with commissioning [[French frigate Clorinde (1801)|''Clorinde'']], and then served as first officer on ''Clorinde'' as she was sent to [[Santo Domingo]]. |
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Upon his return to France, Halgan received command of the brig ''Épervier'', with ensign [[Jérôme Bonaparte]] under his orders. |
Upon his return to France, Halgan received command of the brig [[HMS Epervier (1803)|''Épervier'']], with ensign [[Jérôme Bonaparte]] under his orders. |
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In [[Martinique]], Halgan took command of the 20-gun [[French corvette Berceau (1794)|''Berceau'']]. He sailed to France, and in 1803, sailed to the Indian Ocean to warn of the outbreak of the [[War of the Third Coalition]]. At [[Mauritius]], he joined up with [[Charles Alexandre Léon Durand de Linois|Linois']] squadron, engaging in commerce raiding. |
In [[Martinique]], Halgan took temporary command of the 20-gun [[French corvette Berceau (1794)|''Berceau'']]. He sailed to France, and in 1803, sailed to the Indian Ocean to warn of the outbreak of the [[War of the Third Coalition]]. At [[Mauritius]], he joined up with [[Charles Alexandre Léon Durand de Linois|Linois']] squadron, engaging in commerce raiding. ''Berceau'' captured the 1500-ton {{ship||Countess of Sutherland|1801 ship|2}} and on 3 December along with [[Léonard-Bernard Motard|Motard]]'s ''[[French frigate Sémillante (1792)|Sémillante]]'' destroyed outposts at Pulo Bay, which was about eight miles from [[British Bencoolen|Bencoolen]]. |
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Sailing towards the Sea of China, Halgan persuaded Linois to sail through the [[Gaspar Strait]], of which he had studied recent maps. The French squadron then met a 26-ship convoy of the [[Honourable East India Company]], leading to the [[Battle of Pulo Aura]]. |
Sailing towards the Sea of China, Halgan persuaded Linois to sail through the [[Gaspar Strait]], of which he had studied recent maps. The French squadron then met a 26-ship convoy of the [[Honourable East India Company]], leading to the not quite-[[Battle of Pulo Aura]]. |
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Promoted to ''capitaine de frégate'', Halgan was sent to France and received command of the frigate [[French frigate Cybèle ( |
Promoted to ''capitaine de frégate'', Halgan was sent to France and received command of the frigate [[French frigate Cybèle (1789)|''Cybèle'']], but was then ordered to embark on the [[French ship Vétéran (1803)|''Vétéran'']] instead, under Prince [[Jérôme Bonaparte]]. |
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In 1809, Halgan captained the ''Heureuse'' during the [[Battle of the Basque Roads]]. ''Heureuse'' was amongst the survivors of the battle. |
In 1809, Halgan captained the ''Heureuse'' during the [[Battle of the Basque Roads]]. ''Heureuse'' was amongst the survivors of the battle. |
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In December 1813, with three companies of sailors and a fraction of the crews of his ships, Halgan defended the fortress of [[Hellevoetsluis]], in Holland, against the attacks of several thousands insurgents. The French-held fortresses were later ordered abandoned due to the advances of the Allies, and the Meuse flotilla was scuttled in [[Willemstad]]. Halgan retreated to Anvers. When Anvers was shelled, he defended the harbour and helped preserve the ships and the naval installations. |
In December 1813, with three companies of sailors and a fraction of the crews of his ships, Halgan defended the fortress of [[Hellevoetsluis]], in Holland, against the attacks of several thousands insurgents. The French-held fortresses were later ordered abandoned due to the advances of the Allies, and the Meuse flotilla was scuttled in [[Willemstad]]. Halgan retreated to Anvers. When Anvers was shelled, he defended the harbour and helped preserve the ships and the naval installations. |
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After the [[Bourbon Restauration]], Helgan was given command of the ''Superbe'', sailing to the Caribbean. |
After the [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Bourbon Restauration]], Helgan was given command of the ''Superbe'', sailing to the Caribbean. |
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Halgan the supervised the naval divisions of the Levant and of America. In 1819, he was nominated director for personnel at the Ministry of the Navy. He later returned to Levant to command a squadron, before returning to his office at the Ministry in 1824 and serving at the [[Council of State (France)|Council of State]]. |
Halgan the supervised the naval divisions of the Levant and of America. In 1819, he was nominated director for personnel at the Ministry of the Navy. He later returned to Levant to command a squadron, before returning to his office at the Ministry in 1824 and serving at the [[Council of State (France)|Council of State]]. |
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After retiring on 24 June 1841, by then a vice-admiral, Halgan was promoted to Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour. |
After retiring on 24 June 1841, by then a vice-admiral, Halgan was promoted to Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour. |
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The genus [[Halgania]] was named in his honour. |
The [[genus]] [[Halgania]] of small shrubs in the family [[Boraginaceae]], which are native to Australia, was named in his honour. |
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== References == |
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{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> |
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| NAME = Halgan, Emmanuel |
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| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = |
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| SHORT DESCRIPTION = |
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| DATE OF BIRTH = 31 December 1771 |
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| PLACE OF BIRTH = |
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| DATE OF DEATH = 20 April 1852 |
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| PLACE OF DEATH = |
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}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Halgan, Emmanuel}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Halgan, Emmanuel}} |
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[[Category:French Navy admirals]] |
[[Category:French Navy admirals]] |
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[[Category:1852 deaths]] |
[[Category:1852 deaths]] |
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[[Category:French naval commanders of the Napoleonic Wars]] |
[[Category:French naval commanders of the Napoleonic Wars]] |
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[[Category:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour]] |
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[[Category:Peers of France]] |
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[[fr:Emmanuel Halgan (amiral)]] |
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[[Category:French governors of Martinique]] |
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Latest revision as of 23:25, 21 December 2024
Emmanuel Halgan (French pronunciation: [emanɥɛl alɡɑ̃]; Donges, 31 December 1771 - Paris, 20 April 1852) was a French Navy officer and admiral.[1][2]
Biography
[edit]Born to the family of a bailiff, Halgan joined the French Royal Navy aged 16. He then served as a lieutenant and first officer on merchantmen.
After rejoining the Navy, he served aboard the brig Curieux, captured by a British frigate in 1793. Halgan was taken prisoner. Upon his return to France, he served on the Terrible and on a number of other ships.
In 1798, Halgan received command of Aréthuse. The next year, Aréthuse was dismasted and captured by the 74-gun Excellent, off Portugal. The Royal Navy took Aréthuse into service as HMS Raven.
In 1800, Halgan was tasked with commissioning Clorinde, and then served as first officer on Clorinde as she was sent to Santo Domingo.
Upon his return to France, Halgan received command of the brig Épervier, with ensign Jérôme Bonaparte under his orders.
In Martinique, Halgan took temporary command of the 20-gun Berceau. He sailed to France, and in 1803, sailed to the Indian Ocean to warn of the outbreak of the War of the Third Coalition. At Mauritius, he joined up with Linois' squadron, engaging in commerce raiding. Berceau captured the 1500-ton Countess of Sutherland and on 3 December along with Motard's Sémillante destroyed outposts at Pulo Bay, which was about eight miles from Bencoolen.
Sailing towards the Sea of China, Halgan persuaded Linois to sail through the Gaspar Strait, of which he had studied recent maps. The French squadron then met a 26-ship convoy of the Honourable East India Company, leading to the not quite-Battle of Pulo Aura.
Promoted to capitaine de frégate, Halgan was sent to France and received command of the frigate Cybèle, but was then ordered to embark on the Vétéran instead, under Prince Jérôme Bonaparte.
In 1809, Halgan captained the Heureuse during the Battle of the Basque Roads. Heureuse was amongst the survivors of the battle.
In December 1813, with three companies of sailors and a fraction of the crews of his ships, Halgan defended the fortress of Hellevoetsluis, in Holland, against the attacks of several thousands insurgents. The French-held fortresses were later ordered abandoned due to the advances of the Allies, and the Meuse flotilla was scuttled in Willemstad. Halgan retreated to Anvers. When Anvers was shelled, he defended the harbour and helped preserve the ships and the naval installations.
After the Bourbon Restauration, Helgan was given command of the Superbe, sailing to the Caribbean.
Halgan the supervised the naval divisions of the Levant and of America. In 1819, he was nominated director for personnel at the Ministry of the Navy. He later returned to Levant to command a squadron, before returning to his office at the Ministry in 1824 and serving at the Council of State.
From 1819 to 1830, he sited at the Chamber of Deputies. In 1830, he presided the Commission of Naval Signals.
In 1837, he was made general inspector of the Harbours of the Ocean, and a Peer of France.
After retiring on 24 June 1841, by then a vice-admiral, Halgan was promoted to Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour.
The genus Halgania of small shrubs in the family Boraginaceae, which are native to Australia, was named in his honour.
References
[edit]- ^ Revue de Gascogne: Bulletin Bimestrial de la Société Historique de Gascogne (in French). 1891. p. 543.
- ^ Schloss, Rebecca Hartkopf (2012-02-28). Sweet Liberty: The Final Days of Slavery in Martinique. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 156. ISBN 978-0-8122-0356-1.
