Foreign relations of Lebanon: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] --> |
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{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2021}} |
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{{Politics of Lebanon}} |
{{Politics of Lebanon}} |
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The '''foreign policy of [[Lebanon]]''' reflects its geographic location, the composition of its population, and its reliance on commerce and trade. Until 2005, Lebanon's foreign policy had been heavily influenced by [[Syria]], however beginning with the formation of [[Hezbollah]] in 1982, Iran had gradually grown to [[Iranian influence in Lebanon|heavily influence Lebanon]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=DeVore |first=Marc R. |date=2012 |title=Exploring the Iran-Hezbollah Relationship: A Case Study of how State Sponsorship affects Terrorist Group Decision-Making |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26296878 |journal=Perspectives on Terrorism |volume=6 |issue=4/5 |pages=85–107 |issn=2334-3745}}</ref><ref>https://iranprimer.usip.org/sites/default/files/PDF%20Iran%20Region_Hokayem_Lebanon.pdf, Iran and Lebanon, Emile Hokayem,</ref> |
The '''foreign policy of [[Lebanon]]''' reflects its geographic location, the composition of its population, and its reliance on commerce and trade. Until 2005, Lebanon's foreign policy had been heavily influenced by [[Syria]], however beginning with the formation of [[Hezbollah]] in 1982, Iran had gradually grown to [[Iranian influence in Lebanon|heavily influence Lebanon]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=DeVore |first=Marc R. |date=2012 |title=Exploring the Iran-Hezbollah Relationship: A Case Study of how State Sponsorship affects Terrorist Group Decision-Making |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26296878 |journal=Perspectives on Terrorism |volume=6 |issue=4/5 |pages=85–107 |jstor=26296878 |issn=2334-3745}}</ref><ref>https://iranprimer.usip.org/sites/default/files/PDF%20Iran%20Region_Hokayem_Lebanon.pdf, Iran and Lebanon, Emile Hokayem,</ref> |
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The framework for relations was first codified in May 1991, when Lebanon and Syria signed a treaty of mutual cooperation. This treaty came out of the [[Taif Agreement]], which stipulated that "Lebanon is linked to Syria by distinctive ties deriving strength from kinship, history, and common interests." The Lebanese-Syria treaty calls for "coordination and cooperation between the two countries" that would serve the "interests of the two countries within the framework of sovereignty and independence of each." Numerous agreements on political, economic, and security. After Syria's military withdrawal in 2005, Lebanon's foreign policy charted a more independent course. |
The framework for relations was first codified in May 1991, when Lebanon and Syria signed a treaty of mutual cooperation. This treaty came out of the [[Taif Agreement]], which stipulated that "Lebanon is linked to Syria by distinctive ties deriving strength from kinship, history, and common interests." The Lebanese-Syria treaty calls for "coordination and cooperation between the two countries" that would serve the "interests of the two countries within the framework of sovereignty and independence of each." Numerous agreements on political, economic, and security. After Syria's military withdrawal in 2005, Lebanon's foreign policy charted a more independent course. |
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|{{dts|9 April 1944}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=KHOURY Gérard |title=Sélim Takla 1895-1945. Une contribution à l'indépendance du Liban |publisher=KARTHALA Editions, 2004 |pages=376 |language=fr}}</ref> |
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|3 August 1944<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=3 August 2017 |title=73 years ago Russia Lebanon diplomatic ties were established (on August 3, 1944) |url=https://twitter.com/mfa_russia/status/893001412807987200 |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=MFA Russia}}</ref> |
|{{dts|3 August 1944}}<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=3 August 2017 |title=73 years ago Russia Lebanon diplomatic ties were established (on August 3, 1944) |url=https://twitter.com/mfa_russia/status/893001412807987200 |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=MFA Russia}}</ref> |
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|16 November 1944<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Lebanon |url=https://history.state.gov/countries/lebanon |access-date=15 April 2023 |website=Office of the Historian}}</ref> |
|{{dts|16 November 1944}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Lebanon |url=https://history.state.gov/countries/lebanon |access-date=15 April 2023 |website=Office of the Historian}}</ref> |
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|12 June 1945<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mexico Strengthens Ties with Lebanon |url=https://www.gob.mx/sre/en/prensa/mexico-strengthens-ties-with-lebanon |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=Gobierno de Mexico}}</ref> |
|{{dts|12 June 1945}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mexico Strengthens Ties with Lebanon |url=https://www.gob.mx/sre/en/prensa/mexico-strengthens-ties-with-lebanon |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=Gobierno de Mexico}}</ref> |
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|27 February 1946<ref>{{Cite web |title=Histoire de l'Ambassade du Liban en Suisse et des relations bilatérales. |url=http://berne.mfa.gov.lb/swiss/french/about-us |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Ambassade du Liban en Suisse et au Liechtenstein |language=fr}}</ref> |
|{{dts|27 February 1946}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Histoire de l'Ambassade du Liban en Suisse et des relations bilatérales. |url=http://berne.mfa.gov.lb/swiss/french/about-us |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Ambassade du Liban en Suisse et au Liechtenstein |language=fr}}</ref> |
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|30 April 1946<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2017 |title=Manual de Protocolo |url=https://mire.gob.pa/images/links/MANUAL-10-7-17-reduced.pdf |access-date=2 January 2023 |website=Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores Panama |page=227 |language=es}}</ref> |
|{{dts|30 April 1946}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2017 |title=Manual de Protocolo |url=https://mire.gob.pa/images/links/MANUAL-10-7-17-reduced.pdf |access-date=2 January 2023 |website=Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores Panama |page=227 |language=es}}</ref> |
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|18 May 1946<ref>{{Cite book |title=Cahiers de l'Orient contemporain, Volumes 5-12 |publisher=G. P. Maisonneuve., 1946 |pages=227}}</ref> |
|{{dts|18 May 1946}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Cahiers de l'Orient contemporain, Volumes 5-12 |publisher=G. P. Maisonneuve., 1946 |pages=227}}</ref> |
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|10 July 1946<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2019 |title=Embajador de Venezuela en Líbano presenta cartas credenciales ante el presidente Michel Aoun |url=https://mppre.gob.ve/2019/08/28/venezuela-cartas-credenciales-libano/ |access-date=2 January 2023 |website=Ministerio del Poder Popular para Relaciones Exteriores Venezuela |language=es}}</ref> |
|{{dts|10 July 1946}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2019 |title=Embajador de Venezuela en Líbano presenta cartas credenciales ante el presidente Michel Aoun |url=https://mppre.gob.ve/2019/08/28/venezuela-cartas-credenciales-libano/ |access-date=2 January 2023 |website=Ministerio del Poder Popular para Relaciones Exteriores Venezuela |language=es}}</ref> |
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|{{dts|21 September 1946}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pavol Petruf |title=Československá zahraničná politika 1945 – 1992 |url=http://forumhistoriae.sk/sites/default/files/petruf_ceskoslovenska_zahranicna_politika.pdf |access-date=30 September 2023 |page=97 |language=sk}}</ref> |
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|17 March 1947<ref>{{Cite web |title=Discorso di sua santita Pio XII Al primo ambasciatore del Libano presso la Santa Sede |url=https://www.vatican.va/content/pius-xii/it/speeches/1947/documents/hf_p-xii_spe_19470317_ambasciatore-libano.pdf |access-date=2 January 2023 |language=it}}</ref> |
|{{dts|17 March 1947}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Discorso di sua santita Pio XII Al primo ambasciatore del Libano presso la Santa Sede |url=https://www.vatican.va/content/pius-xii/it/speeches/1947/documents/hf_p-xii_spe_19470317_ambasciatore-libano.pdf |access-date=2 January 2023 |language=it}}</ref> |
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|7 February 1946<ref>{{Cite book |title=Cahiers de l'Institut d'études de l'Orient contemporain Volumes 2-3, Issues 5-8 |publisher=Université de Paris. Institut d'études de l'Orient contemporain |year=1946 |pages=85 |language=fr}}</ref> |
|{{dts|7 February 1946}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Cahiers de l'Institut d'études de l'Orient contemporain Volumes 2-3, Issues 5-8 |publisher=Université de Paris. Institut d'études de l'Orient contemporain |year=1946 |pages=85 |language=fr}}</ref> |
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|5 March 1948<ref>{{Cite book |title=España y ONU: 1947-1949 , estudio introductivo y Corpus documental |publisher=Editorial CSIC - CSIC Press, 1985 |pages=378}}</ref> |
|{{dts|5 March 1948}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=España y ONU: 1947-1949 , estudio introductivo y Corpus documental |publisher=Editorial CSIC - CSIC Press, 1985 |pages=378}}</ref> |
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|10 August 1948<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 27, 1999 |title=Norges opprettelse au diplomatiske forbindelser med fremmede stater |url=https://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/departementene/ud/vedlegg/protokoll/diplomatiske_forbindelser.pdf |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=regjeringen.no |language=no}}</ref> |
|{{dts|10 August 1948}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 27, 1999 |title=Norges opprettelse au diplomatiske forbindelser med fremmede stater |url=https://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/departementene/ud/vedlegg/protokoll/diplomatiske_forbindelser.pdf |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=regjeringen.no |language=no}}</ref> |
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|{{dts|15 September 1948}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=India News, Volume 9, Issues 16-29 |publisher=ndia. High Commissioner in the United Kingdom. Public Relations Department |year=1948 |pages=18}}</ref> |
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|15 September 1948<ref>{{Cite book |last=S. A. R. Bilgarami |title=The Pakistan Year Book & Who's who |publisher=Kitabistan |year=1949 |pages=53}}</ref> |
|{{dts|15 September 1948}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=S. A. R. Bilgarami |title=The Pakistan Year Book & Who's who |publisher=Kitabistan |year=1949 |pages=53}}</ref> |
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|1949<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mensaje a la Nacion del Presidente del Peru, General Manuel A. Odria Amoretti, 27 de Julio de 1949 |url=https://www.congreso.gob.pe/Docs/participacion/museo/congreso/files/mensajes/1941-1960/files/mensaje-1949.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923072947/https://www.congreso.gob.pe/Docs/participacion/museo/congreso/files/mensajes/1941-1960/files/mensaje-1949.pdf |archive-date=23 September 2020 |access-date=3 January 2024 |page=7 |language=es}}</ref> |
|{{dts|1949}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mensaje a la Nacion del Presidente del Peru, General Manuel A. Odria Amoretti, 27 de Julio de 1949 |url=https://www.congreso.gob.pe/Docs/participacion/museo/congreso/files/mensajes/1941-1960/files/mensaje-1949.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923072947/https://www.congreso.gob.pe/Docs/participacion/museo/congreso/files/mensajes/1941-1960/files/mensaje-1949.pdf |archive-date=23 September 2020 |access-date=3 January 2024 |page=7 |language=es}}</ref> |
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|21 November 1950<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bulletin d'information_1950_11 |url=https://sip.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/publications/bulletin/1950/BID_1950_11/BID_1950_11.pdf |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=sip.gouvernement.lu |page=257 |language=fr}}</ref> |
|{{dts|21 November 1950}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bulletin d'information_1950_11 |url=https://sip.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/publications/bulletin/1950/BID_1950_11/BID_1950_11.pdf |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=sip.gouvernement.lu |page=257 |language=fr}}</ref> |
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|20 May 1953<ref>{{Cite web |title=Libanon: Steckbrief |url=https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/de/aussenpolitik/laender/libanon-node/steckbrief/204046 |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Auswärtiges Amt |language=de}}</ref> |
|{{dts|20 May 1953}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Libanon: Steckbrief |url=https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/de/aussenpolitik/laender/libanon-node/steckbrief/204046 |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Auswärtiges Amt |language=de}}</ref> |
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|{{Flag|Denmark}} |
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|6 October 1953<ref name=":27" /> |
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|1953<ref name=":28" /> |
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|{{Flag|Finland}} |
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|21 June 1954<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lebanon |url=http://formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?nodeid=17379&culture=en-US&contentlan=2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006040733/http://formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?nodeid=17379&culture=en-US&contentlan=2 |archive-date=6 October 2016 |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland}}</ref> |
|{{dts|21 June 1954}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lebanon |url=http://formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?nodeid=17379&culture=en-US&contentlan=2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006040733/http://formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?nodeid=17379&culture=en-US&contentlan=2 |archive-date=6 October 2016 |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland}}</ref> |
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|{{Flag|Japan}} |
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|November 1954<ref>{{Cite web |title=Japan-Lebanon Relations |url=https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/lebanon/data.html |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan}}</ref> |
|{{dts|November 1954}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Japan-Lebanon Relations |url=https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/middle_e/lebanon/data.html |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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|— |
|— |
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|{{Flag|Sovereign Military Order of Malta}} |
|{{Flag|Sovereign Military Order of Malta}} |
||
|1955<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lebanon Historical Timeline |url=http://orderofmaltalebanon.org/historical-timeline-2/ |access-date=5 January 2024 |website=Order of Malta Lebanon}}</ref> |
|{{dts|1955}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lebanon Historical Timeline |url=http://orderofmaltalebanon.org/historical-timeline-2/ |access-date=5 January 2024 |website=Order of Malta Lebanon}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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|51 |
|51 |
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|{{Flag|Portugal}} |
|{{Flag|Portugal}} |
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|1955<ref>{{Cite web |title=Líbano |url=https://portaldiplomatico.mne.gov.pt/relacoesbilaterais/paises-geral/libano |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Portal Diplomatico |language=pt}}</ref> |
|{{dts|1955}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Líbano |url=https://portaldiplomatico.mne.gov.pt/relacoesbilaterais/paises-geral/libano |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Portal Diplomatico |language=pt}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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|52 |
|52 |
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|{{Flag|Morocco}} |
|{{Flag|Morocco}} |
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|1956<ref>{{Cite web |title=Politique étrangère du Maroc |url=https://dokumen.tips/news-politics/politique-etrangere-du-maroc.html?page=40 |access-date=2 January 2024 |page=40 |language=fr}}</ref> |
|{{dts|1956}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Politique étrangère du Maroc |url=https://dokumen.tips/news-politics/politique-etrangere-du-maroc.html?page=40 |access-date=2 January 2024 |page=40 |language=fr}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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|53 |
|53 |
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|{{Flag|Sudan}} |
|{{Flag|Sudan}} |
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|1956<ref>{{Cite web |title=من نحن |url=http://khartoum.mfa.gov.lb/sudan/arabic/about-us1 |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=Embassy of Lebanon in Republic of Sudan - Khartoum |language=ar}}</ref> |
|{{dts|1956}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=من نحن |url=http://khartoum.mfa.gov.lb/sudan/arabic/about-us1 |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=Embassy of Lebanon in Republic of Sudan - Khartoum |language=ar}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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|54 |
|54 |
||
|{{Flag|Tunisia}} |
|{{Flag|Tunisia}} |
||
|{{dts|October 1957}}<ref name=":310">{{Cite book |last=Clausen |first=Ursel |title=Tunisie - notes biographiques |year=1976 |pages=16 |language=fr}}</ref> |
|||
|1957<ref>{{Cite web |title=Relations bilatérales |url=http://www.diplomatie.gov.tn/index.php?id=357&no_cache=1&tx_wdbilaterales_pi1[action]=singleView&tx_wdbilaterales_pi1[pointer]=0&tx_wdbilaterales_pi1[mode]=1&tx_wdbilaterales_pi1[showUid]=46 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120526093933/http://www.diplomatie.gov.tn/index.php?id=357&no_cache=1&tx_wdbilaterales_pi1[action]=singleView&tx_wdbilaterales_pi1[pointer]=0&tx_wdbilaterales_pi1[mode]=1&tx_wdbilaterales_pi1[showUid]=46 |archive-date=26 May 2012 |access-date=2 January 2023 |website=République Tunisienne Ministère des Affaires Étrangères |language=fr}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|- |
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|55 |
|55 |
||
|{{Flag|Thailand}} |
|{{Flag|Thailand}} |
||
|3 February 1958<ref>{{Cite web |title=สาธารณรัฐเลบานอน The Republic of Lebanon |url=https://www.mfa.go.th/th/content/5d5bcc1c15e39c306000a00b?cate=5d5bcb4e15e39c3060006870 |access-date=28 April 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Thailand |language=Thai}}</ref> |
|{{dts|3 February 1958}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=สาธารณรัฐเลบานอน The Republic of Lebanon |url=https://www.mfa.go.th/th/content/5d5bcc1c15e39c306000a00b?cate=5d5bcb4e15e39c3060006870 |access-date=28 April 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Thailand |language=Thai}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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|56 |
|56 |
||
|{{Flag|Ghana}} |
|{{Flag|Ghana}} |
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|30 March 1959<ref name=":30" /><ref name=":31" /> |
|{{dts|30 March 1959}}<ref name=":30" /><ref name=":31" /> |
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|- |
|- |
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|57 |
|57 |
||
|{{Flag|Haiti}} |
|{{Flag|Haiti}} |
||
|21 May 1959<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 24, 1959 |title=Lebanese Envoy Cause For Celebrating |url=https://original-ufdc.uflib.ufl.edu/AA00015023/00234/16j |access-date=2 November 2023 |website=Haiti Sun |pages=1, 16}}</ref> |
|{{dts|21 May 1959}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 24, 1959 |title=Lebanese Envoy Cause For Celebrating |url=https://original-ufdc.uflib.ufl.edu/AA00015023/00234/16j |access-date=2 November 2023 |website=Haiti Sun |pages=1, 16}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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|58 |
|58 |
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|{{Flag|Guinea}} |
|{{Flag|Guinea}} |
||
|3 June 1960<ref name=":32" /> |
|{{dts|3 June 1960}}<ref name=":32" /> |
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|- |
|- |
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|59 |
|59 |
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|{{Flag|Cuba}} |
|{{Flag|Cuba}} |
||
|15 June 1960<ref name=":33" /> |
|{{dts|15 June 1960}}<ref name=":33" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|60 |
|60 |
||
|{{Flag|Cyprus}} |
|{{Flag|Cyprus}} |
||
|20 September 1960<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=http://nicosia.mfa.gov.lb/cyprus/english/embassy-of-lebanon-in-cyprus |access-date=2 January 2023 |website=Embassy of Lebanon in the Republic of Cyprus}}</ref> |
|{{dts|20 September 1960}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=http://nicosia.mfa.gov.lb/cyprus/english/embassy-of-lebanon-in-cyprus |access-date=2 January 2023 |website=Embassy of Lebanon in the Republic of Cyprus}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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|61 |
|61 |
||
|{{Flag|Dominican Republic}} |
|{{Flag|Dominican Republic}} |
||
|{{ |
|{{dts|1960}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2020 |title=RepúblicaDominicana y Líbano, establecieron Relaciones Diplomáticas en el año 1960. |url=https://www.facebook.com/MIREXRDo/photos/repúblicadominicana-y-l%C3%ADbano-establecieron-relacionesdiplomáticas-en-el-año-1960/3352989078096173/ |access-date=27 March 2022 |website=[[Facebook]] |language=es}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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|62 |
|62 |
||
|{{Flag|Nigeria}} |
|{{Flag|Nigeria}} |
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|8 January 1961<ref name=":34" /> |
|{{dts|8 January 1961}}<ref name=":34" /> |
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|- |
|- |
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|63 |
|63 |
||
|{{Flag|Senegal}} |
|{{Flag|Senegal}} |
||
|22 April 1961<ref name=":35" /> |
|{{dts|22 April 1961}}<ref name=":35" /> |
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|- |
|- |
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|64 |
|64 |
||
|{{Flag|Sierra Leone}} |
|{{Flag|Sierra Leone}} |
||
|27 April 1961<ref name=":36" /> |
|{{dts|27 April 1961}}<ref name=":36" /> |
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|- |
|- |
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|65 |
|65 |
||
|{{Flag|Kuwait}} |
|{{Flag|Kuwait}} |
||
|27 September 1961<ref name=":37" /> |
|{{dts|27 September 1961}}<ref name=":37" /> |
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|- |
|- |
||
|66 |
|66 |
||
|{{Flag|Ivory Coast}} |
|{{Flag|Ivory Coast}} |
||
|4 October 1961<ref name=":38" /> |
|{{dts|4 October 1961}}<ref name=":38" /> |
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|- |
|- |
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|67 |
|67 |
||
|{{Flag|Somalia}} |
|{{Flag|Somalia}} |
||
|6 October 1961<ref name=":39" /> |
|{{dts|6 October 1961}}<ref name=":39" /> |
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|- |
|- |
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|68 |
|68 |
||
|{{Flag|Mali}} |
|{{Flag|Mali}} |
||
|9 October 1961<ref name=":40" /> |
|{{dts|9 October 1961}}<ref name=":40" /> |
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|- |
|- |
||
|69 |
|69 |
||
|{{Flag| |
|{{Flag|Gabon}} |
||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
|- |
|- |
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|70 |
|70 |
||
|{{Flag| |
|{{Flag|Niger}} |
||
| |
|{{dts|11 March 1962}}<ref name=":41" /> |
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|- |
|- |
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|71 |
|71 |
||
|{{Flag| |
|{{Flag|Togo}} |
||
| |
|{{dts|7 June 1962}}<ref name=":42" /> |
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|- |
|- |
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|72 |
|72 |
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|{{Flag| |
|{{Flag|Benin}} |
||
| |
|{{dts|27 June 1962}}<ref name=":43" /> |
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|- |
|- |
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|73 |
|73 |
||
|{{Flag| |
|{{Flag|Algeria}} |
||
|{{dts|18 December 1962}}<ref name=":44" /> |
|||
⚫ | |||
|- |
|- |
||
|74 |
|74 |
||
|{{Flag| |
|{{Flag|Burkina Faso}} |
||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
|- |
|- |
||
|75 |
|75 |
||
|{{Flag| |
|{{Flag|Cameroon}} |
||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
|- |
|- |
||
|76 |
|76 |
||
|{{Flag|Jamaica}} |
|{{Flag|Jamaica}} |
||
|7 May 1963<ref>{{Cite web |title=Countries with which Jamaica has Established Diplomatic Relations |url=http://mfaft.gov.jm/jm/establishment-of-diplomatic-relations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308040029/http://mfaft.gov.jm/jm/establishment-of-diplomatic-relations |archive-date=8 March 2016 |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade Jamaica}}</ref> |
|{{dts|7 May 1963}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Countries with which Jamaica has Established Diplomatic Relations |url=http://mfaft.gov.jm/jm/establishment-of-diplomatic-relations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308040029/http://mfaft.gov.jm/jm/establishment-of-diplomatic-relations |archive-date=8 March 2016 |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade Jamaica}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|77 |
|77 |
||
|{{Flag|Laos}} |
|{{Flag|Laos}} |
||
|15 July 1963<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of states which the Lao PDR has established diplomatic relations since 1950 |url=https://www.laosembassy.net/LIST%20OF%20STATES%20WHICH%20THE%20LAO%20PDR.pdf |access-date=28 April 2023 |website=laosembassy.net}}</ref> |
|{{dts|15 July 1963}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of states which the Lao PDR has established diplomatic relations since 1950 |url=https://www.laosembassy.net/LIST%20OF%20STATES%20WHICH%20THE%20LAO%20PDR.pdf |access-date=28 April 2023 |website=laosembassy.net}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|78 |
|78 |
||
|{{Flag|Malaysia}} |
|{{Flag|Malaysia}} |
||
|16 July 1963<ref name=":46" /> |
|{{dts|16 July 1963}}<ref name=":46" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|79 |
|79 |
||
|{{Flag|Nepal}} |
|{{Flag|Nepal}} |
||
|18 August 1963<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral Relations |url=https://mofa.gov.np/foreign-policy/bilateral-relation/ |access-date=28 April 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Nepal}}</ref> |
|{{dts|18 August 1963}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral Relations |url=https://mofa.gov.np/foreign-policy/bilateral-relation/ |access-date=28 April 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Nepal}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|80 |
|80 |
||
|{{Flag|Chad}} |
|{{Flag|Chad}} |
||
|1963<ref>{{Cite book |title=L'Argus de la presse libanaise Issues 26-37 |publisher=Bureau des documentations libanaises et arabes |year=1963 |pages=8 |language=fr}}</ref> |
|{{dts|1963}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=L'Argus de la presse libanaise Issues 26-37 |publisher=Bureau des documentations libanaises et arabes |year=1963 |pages=8 |language=fr}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
||
|81 |
|81 |
||
|{{Flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} |
|{{Flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} |
||
|1963<ref name=":47" /> |
|{{dts|1963}}<ref name=":47" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|82 |
|82 |
||
|{{Flag|Romania}} |
|{{Flag|Romania}} |
||
|6 January 1965<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brief history |url=https://beirut.mae.ro/en/node/393 |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Embassy of Romania in the Republic of Lebanon}}</ref> |
|{{dts|6 January 1965}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brief history |url=https://beirut.mae.ro/en/node/393 |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Embassy of Romania in the Republic of Lebanon}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
||
|83 |
|83 |
||
|{{Flag|Gambia}} |
|{{Flag|Gambia}} |
||
|24 May 1965<ref name=":48" /> |
|{{dts|24 May 1965}}<ref name=":48" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|84 |
|84 |
||
|{{Flag|Hungary}} |
|{{Flag|Hungary}} |
||
|30 November 1965<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C_QKZX2Ub00C&dq=Hungary+People%27s+Republic+and+the+Republic+of+Libanon+have+decided+to+establish+diplomatic+relations+on+the+ambassadorial+level+.&pg=PA34-IA16 |title=Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts, Issues 231-235 |publisher=United States. Central Intelligence Agency |year=1965}}</ref> |
|{{dts|30 November 1965}}<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C_QKZX2Ub00C&dq=Hungary+People%27s+Republic+and+the+Republic+of+Libanon+have+decided+to+establish+diplomatic+relations+on+the+ambassadorial+level+.&pg=PA34-IA16 |title=Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts, Issues 231-235 |publisher=United States. Central Intelligence Agency |year=1965}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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|85 |
|85 |
||
|{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |
|{{Flag|Bulgaria}} |
||
|19 September 1966<ref name="sofia.mfa.gov.lb">{{Cite web |title=History of the Embassy of Lebanon, Sofia |url=http://sofia.mfa.gov.lb/bulgaria/english/embassy-of-lebanon-in-republic-of-bulgaria/about |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Embassy of Lebanon in Republic of Bulgaria}}</ref> |
|{{dts|19 September 1966}}<ref name="sofia.mfa.gov.lb">{{Cite web |title=History of the Embassy of Lebanon, Sofia |url=http://sofia.mfa.gov.lb/bulgaria/english/embassy-of-lebanon-in-republic-of-bulgaria/about |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Embassy of Lebanon in Republic of Bulgaria}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
||
|86 |
|86 |
||
|{{Flag|Central African Republic}} |
|{{Flag|Central African Republic}} |
||
|1966<ref name=":63">{{Cite book |title=Monde colonial illustré Volume 44, Issues 441-452 |publisher=Société nouvelle des Editions France Outremer S.A. |year=1966 |pages=74 |language=fr}}</ref> |
|{{dts|1966}}<ref name=":63">{{Cite book |title=Monde colonial illustré Volume 44, Issues 441-452 |publisher=Société nouvelle des Editions France Outremer S.A. |year=1966 |pages=74 |language=fr}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
||
|87 |
|87 |
||
|{{Flag|Zambia}} |
|{{Flag|Zambia}} |
||
|3 February 1967<ref>{{Cite book |title=Who's who in Lebanon Volume 3 |publisher=Les Editions Publitec |year=1968 |pages=374 |language=fr}}</ref> |
|{{dts|3 February 1967}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Who's who in Lebanon Volume 3 |publisher=Les Editions Publitec |year=1968 |pages=374 |language=fr}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|88 |
|88 |
||
|{{Flag|Australia}} |
|{{Flag|Australia}} |
||
|5 February 1967<ref>{{Cite book |title=Mideast Mirror, Volume 19 |publisher=Arab News Agency, 1967 |pages=20}}</ref> |
|{{dts|5 February 1967}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Mideast Mirror, Volume 19 |publisher=Arab News Agency, 1967 |pages=20}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|89 |
|89 |
||
|{{Flag|Kenya}} |
|{{Flag|Kenya}} |
||
|16 August 1967<ref>{{Cite book |url=https:// |
|{{dts|16 August 1967}}<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fr6BZFSucfkC&dq=Lebanon+and+Kenya+decided+to+establish+diplomatic+relations+...&pg=PA9 |title=Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts Issues 161-165 |publisher=United States. Central Intelligence Agency |year=1967 |pages=9 |access-date=4 January 2024}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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|90 |
|90 |
||
|{{Flag|Singapore}} |
|{{Flag|Singapore}} |
||
|3 May 1969<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic & Consular List |url=https://app1.mfa.gov.sg/dipcon/pdf/dipconopen.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820202434/https://app1.mfa.gov.sg/dipcon/pdf/dipconopen.pdf |archive-date=20 August 2017 |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs Singapore |page=265}}</ref> |
|{{dts|3 May 1969}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic & Consular List |url=https://app1.mfa.gov.sg/dipcon/pdf/dipconopen.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820202434/https://app1.mfa.gov.sg/dipcon/pdf/dipconopen.pdf |archive-date=20 August 2017 |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs Singapore |page=265}}</ref> |
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|- |
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|91 |
|91 |
||
|{{Flag|Mauritania}} |
|{{Flag|Mauritania}} |
||
|10 June 1971<ref name=":49" /> |
|{{dts|10 June 1971}}<ref name=":49" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|92 |
|92 |
||
|{{Flag|China}} |
|{{Flag|China}} |
||
|9 November 1971<ref name=":50" /> |
|{{dts|9 November 1971}}<ref name=":50" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|93 |
|93 |
||
|{{Flag|United Arab Emirates}} |
|{{Flag|United Arab Emirates}} |
||
|8 January 1972<ref>{{Cite book |title=News Review on West Asia |publisher=Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses |year=1972 |pages=13}}</ref> |
|{{dts|8 January 1972}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=News Review on West Asia |publisher=Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses |year=1972 |pages=13}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|94 |
|94 |
||
|{{Flag|Qatar}} |
|{{Flag|Qatar}} |
||
|11 April 1972<ref>{{Cite book |title=News Review on West Asia |publisher=Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses |year=1972 |pages=15}}</ref> |
|{{dts|11 April 1972}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=News Review on West Asia |publisher=Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses |year=1972 |pages=15}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|95 |
|95 |
||
|{{Flag|Bahrain}} |
|{{Flag|Bahrain}} |
||
|29 May 1972<ref>{{Cite web |title=العلاقات الثنائية |url=https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=8262&language=ar-BH&Country=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208212034/https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=8262&language=ar-BH&Country=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9 |archive-date=8 February 2022 |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs Bahrain |language=ar}}</ref> |
|{{dts|29 May 1972}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=العلاقات الثنائية |url=https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=8262&language=ar-BH&Country=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208212034/https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=8262&language=ar-BH&Country=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9 |archive-date=8 February 2022 |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs Bahrain |language=ar}}</ref> |
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|96 |
|96 |
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|{{Flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} |
|{{Flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} |
||
|June 1972<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://istmat.org/files/uploads/43876/5_avstraliya-martinika.pdf |title=Ежегодник Большой Советской Энциклопедии , выпуск семнадцатый: Зарубежные страны часть II |year=1973 |pages=263 |language=ru}}</ref> |
|{{dts|June 1972}}<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://istmat.org/files/uploads/43876/5_avstraliya-martinika.pdf |title=Ежегодник Большой Советской Энциклопедии , выпуск семнадцатый: Зарубежные страны часть II |year=1973 |pages=263 |language=ru}}</ref> |
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|97 |
|97 |
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|{{Flag|Oman}} |
|{{Flag|Oman}} |
||
|2 January 1973<ref>{{Cite book |title=ARR: Arab Report and Record |publisher=Economic Features, Limited |year=1973 |pages=9}}</ref> |
|{{dts|2 January 1973}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=ARR: Arab Report and Record |publisher=Economic Features, Limited |year=1973 |pages=9}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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|98 |
|98 |
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|{{Flag|Bangladesh}} |
|{{Flag|Bangladesh}} |
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|28 March 1973<ref name=":51" /> |
|{{dts|28 March 1973}}<ref name=":51" /> |
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|- |
|- |
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|99 |
|99 |
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|{{Flag|Iceland}} |
|{{Flag|Iceland}} |
||
|28 March 1973<ref>{{Cite web |title=Iceland - Establishment of Diplomatic Relations |url=https://www.government.is/ministries/ministry-for-foreign-affairs/protocol/establishment-of-diplomatic-relations/ |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Government of Iceland}}</ref> |
|{{dts|28 March 1973}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Iceland - Establishment of Diplomatic Relations |url=https://www.government.is/ministries/ministry-for-foreign-affairs/protocol/establishment-of-diplomatic-relations/ |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Government of Iceland}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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|100 |
|100 |
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|{{Flag|Albania}} |
|{{Flag|Albania}} |
||
|28 May 1974<ref>{{Cite book |title=ABSEES - Soviet and East European Abstracts Series Volume 5 |date=July 1974 |pages=126}}</ref> |
|{{dts|28 May 1974}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=ABSEES - Soviet and East European Abstracts Series Volume 5 |date=July 1974 |pages=126}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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|101 |
|101 |
||
|{{Flag|Ireland}} |
|{{Flag|Ireland}} |
||
|12 December 1974<ref>{{Cite book |title=News Review on West Asia |publisher=Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses |year=1975 |pages=70}}</ref> |
|{{dts|12 December 1974}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=News Review on West Asia |publisher=Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses |year=1975 |pages=70}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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|102 |
|102 |
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|{{Flag|Malta}} |
|{{Flag|Malta}} |
||
|1 July 1975<ref>{{Cite web |title=Press Release by the office of the Speaker: Speaker Farrugia meets the new Lebanese Ambassador |url=https://www.gov.mt/en/Government/DOI/Press%20Releases/Pages/2018/June/15/pr181363.aspx |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=gov.mt}}</ref> |
|{{dts|1 July 1975}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Press Release by the office of the Speaker: Speaker Farrugia meets the new Lebanese Ambassador |url=https://www.gov.mt/en/Government/DOI/Press%20Releases/Pages/2018/June/15/pr181363.aspx |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=gov.mt}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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|103 |
|103 |
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|{{Flag|New Zealand}} |
|{{Flag|New Zealand}} |
||
|25 November 1980<ref name=":59" /> |
|{{dts|25 November 1980}}<ref name=":59" /> |
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|- |
|- |
||
|104 |
|104 |
||
|{{Flag|North Korea}} |
|{{Flag|North Korea}} |
||
|12 February 1981<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2016 |title=DPRK Diplomatic Relations |url=https://www.ncnk.org/sites/default/files/issue-briefs/DPRK_Diplo_Relations_August2016.pdf |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=NCNK (The National Committee on North Korea) |page=5}}</ref> |
|{{dts|12 February 1981}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2016 |title=DPRK Diplomatic Relations |url=https://www.ncnk.org/sites/default/files/issue-briefs/DPRK_Diplo_Relations_August2016.pdf |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=NCNK (The National Committee on North Korea) |page=5}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
||
|105 |
|105 |
||
|{{Flag|South Korea}} |
|{{Flag|South Korea}} |
||
|12 February 1981<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lebanon |url=https://www.mofa.go.kr/eng/nation/m_4902/view.do?seq=189 |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Korea}}</ref> |
|{{dts|12 February 1981}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lebanon |url=https://www.mofa.go.kr/eng/nation/m_4902/view.do?seq=189 |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Korea}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
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|106 |
|106 |
||
|{{Flag|Vietnam}} |
|{{Flag|Vietnam}} |
||
|12 February 1981<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of |
|{{dts|12 February 1981}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of countries which maintains diplomatic relations with the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (as April 2010) |url=https://www.mofa.gov.vn/en/cn_vakv/ |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs Vietnam}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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|107 |
|107 |
||
|{{Flag|Djibouti}} |
|{{Flag|Djibouti}} |
||
|11 March 1981<ref name=":52" /> |
|{{dts|11 March 1981}}<ref name=":52" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|108 |
|108 |
||
|{{Flag|Maldives}} |
|{{Flag|Maldives}} |
||
|25 February 1988<ref>{{Cite web |
|{{dts|25 February 1988}}<ref name="UNDL">{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic relations between Lebanon and ... |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/search?ln=en&as=1&m1=p&p1=Diplomatic+relations+between+Lebanon+and+...&f1=series&op1=a&m2=a&p2=&f2=&op2=a&m3=a&p3=&f3=&dt=&d1d=&d1m=&d1y=&d2d=&d2m=&d2y=&rm=&action_search=Search&sf=year&so=a&rg=50&c=United+Nations+Digital+Library+System&of=hb&fti=0&fti=0 |access-date=9 September 2023 |website=United Nations Digital Library}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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|109 |
|109 |
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|{{Flag|Guatemala}} |
|{{Flag|Guatemala}} |
||
|31 January 1990<ref>{{Cite web |title=Relaciones Diplomáticas de Guatemala |url=https://www.minex.gob.gt/DirectorioPaisesRelacion.aspx |access-date=3 January 2023 |website=Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores Guatemala |language=es}}</ref> |
|{{dts|31 January 1990}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Relaciones Diplomáticas de Guatemala |url=https://www.minex.gob.gt/DirectorioPaisesRelacion.aspx |access-date=3 January 2023 |website=Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores Guatemala |language=es}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
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|110 |
|110 |
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|{{Flag|Armenia}} |
|{{Flag|Armenia}} |
||
|4 March 1992<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral Relations |url=https://www.mfa.am/en/bilateral-relations/lb#:~:text=Diplomatic%20relations%20between%20Armenia%20and,was%20opened%20in%20June%201994.&text=In%20January%202018%20Maya%20Dagher,to%20the%20President%20of%20Armenia. |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia}}</ref> |
|{{dts|4 March 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral Relations |url=https://www.mfa.am/en/bilateral-relations/lb#:~:text=Diplomatic%20relations%20between%20Armenia%20and,was%20opened%20in%20June%201994.&text=In%20January%202018%20Maya%20Dagher,to%20the%20President%20of%20Armenia. |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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|111 |
|111 |
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|{{Flag|Azerbaijan}} |
|{{Flag|Azerbaijan}} |
||
|28 September 1992<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Lebanese Republic |url=https://mfa.gov.az/en/category/asia-and-oceania/lebanese |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808133030/https://mfa.gov.az/en/category/asia-and-oceania/lebanese |archive-date=8 August 2022 |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=Republic of Azerbaijan Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref> |
|{{dts|28 September 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Lebanese Republic |url=https://mfa.gov.az/en/category/asia-and-oceania/lebanese |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808133030/https://mfa.gov.az/en/category/asia-and-oceania/lebanese |archive-date=8 August 2022 |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=Republic of Azerbaijan Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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|112 |
|112 |
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|{{Flag|Ukraine}} |
|{{Flag|Ukraine}} |
||
|14 December 1992<ref>{{Cite web |title=Middle East and Africa: Lebanon |url=https://mfa.gov.ua/en/about-ukraine/bilateral-cooperation/middle-east-and-africa |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine}}</ref> |
|{{dts|14 December 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Middle East and Africa: Lebanon |url=https://mfa.gov.ua/en/about-ukraine/bilateral-cooperation/middle-east-and-africa |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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|113 |
|113 |
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|{{Flag|Slovakia}} |
|{{Flag|Slovakia}} |
||
|1 January 1993<ref>{{Cite web |title=Libanon: Základné informácie |url=https://www.mzv.sk/web/sk/libanon |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=mzv.sk |language=sk}}</ref> |
|{{dts|1 January 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Libanon: Základné informácie |url=https://www.mzv.sk/web/sk/libanon |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=mzv.sk |language=sk}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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|114 |
|114 |
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|{{Flag|Lithuania}} |
|{{Flag|Lithuania}} |
||
|18 March 1993<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lebanon |url=https://urm.lt/default/en/bilateral-lebanon |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Lithuania}}</ref> |
|{{dts|18 March 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lebanon |url=https://urm.lt/default/en/bilateral-lebanon |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Lithuania}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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|115 |
|115 |
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|{{Flag|Georgia}} |
|{{Flag|Georgia}} |
||
|1 April 1993<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lebanese Republic |url=https://mfa.gov.ge/en/bilateral-relations/lb |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia}}</ref> |
|{{dts|1 April 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lebanese Republic |url=https://mfa.gov.ge/en/bilateral-relations/lb |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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|116 |
|116 |
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|{{Flag|Kazakhstan}} |
|{{Flag|Kazakhstan}} |
||
|20 April 1993<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 6, 2015 |title=Lebanon, Kazakhstan Enjoy Strong Mutual Bonds, Ambassador Says |url=https://astanatimes.com/2015/02/lebanon-kazakhstan-enjoy-strong-mutual-bonds-ambassador-says/#:~:text=ASTANA%20%E2%80%93%20Lebanon%20is%20one%20of,back%20in%20April%2020%2C%201993.&text=The%20parties%20discussed%20ways%20of,understanding%20between%20Kazakhstan%20and%20Lebanon. |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=The Astana Times}}</ref> |
|{{dts|20 April 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 6, 2015 |title=Lebanon, Kazakhstan Enjoy Strong Mutual Bonds, Ambassador Says |url=https://astanatimes.com/2015/02/lebanon-kazakhstan-enjoy-strong-mutual-bonds-ambassador-says/#:~:text=ASTANA%20%E2%80%93%20Lebanon%20is%20one%20of,back%20in%20April%2020%2C%201993.&text=The%20parties%20discussed%20ways%20of,understanding%20between%20Kazakhstan%20and%20Lebanon. |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=The Astana Times}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
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|117 |
|117 |
||
|{{Flag|Turkmenistan}} |
|{{Flag|Turkmenistan}} |
||
|6 May 1993<ref>{{Cite web |title=States with which Turkmenistan established diplomatic relations |url=https://www.mfa.gov.tm/en/articles/55?breadcrumbs=no |access-date=28 April 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkmenistan}}</ref> |
|{{dts|6 May 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=States with which Turkmenistan established diplomatic relations |url=https://www.mfa.gov.tm/en/articles/55?breadcrumbs=no |access-date=28 April 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkmenistan}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
||
|118 |
|118 |
||
|{{Flag|Slovenia}} |
|{{Flag|Slovenia}} |
||
|29 July 1993<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mojca Pristavec Đogić |title=Priznanja samostojne Slovenije |url=https://fotogalerija.dz-rs.si/datoteke/Publikacije/Zborniki_RN/2016/Priznanja_samostojne_Slovenije_.pdf |access-date=3 January 2024 |page=6 |language=sl}}</ref> |
|{{dts|29 July 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mojca Pristavec Đogić |title=Priznanja samostojne Slovenije |url=https://fotogalerija.dz-rs.si/datoteke/Publikacije/Zborniki_RN/2016/Priznanja_samostojne_Slovenije_.pdf |access-date=3 January 2024 |page=6 |language=sl}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
||
|119 |
|119 |
||
|{{Flag|Eritrea}} |
|{{Flag|Eritrea}} |
||
|3 September 1993<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gxgOAQAAMAAJ&dq=Eritrea+established+diplomatic+relations++with+Lebanon+3+September+1993&pg=RA8-PA14 |title=Eritrea Update, October 1993 - 6 |publisher=Provisional Government of Eritrea (EPLF), Mission to the USA and Canada |year=1992 |pages=14 |access-date=3 June 2023}}</ref> |
|{{dts|3 September 1993}}<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gxgOAQAAMAAJ&dq=Eritrea+established+diplomatic+relations++with+Lebanon+3+September+1993&pg=RA8-PA14 |title=Eritrea Update, October 1993 - 6 |publisher=Provisional Government of Eritrea (EPLF), Mission to the USA and Canada |year=1992 |pages=14 |access-date=3 June 2023}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
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|120 |
|120 |
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|{{Flag|Brunei}} |
|{{Flag|Brunei}} |
||
|18 May 1994<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 1994 |title=Brunei Darussalam Newsletter Number 142 |url=https://www.information.gov.bn/Publication%20listsPDF/BD%2031%20%20may%2094.pdf |access-date=10 September 2023 |website=information.gov.bn |page=7}}</ref> |
|{{dts|18 May 1994}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 1994 |title=Brunei Darussalam Newsletter Number 142 |url=https://www.information.gov.bn/Publication%20listsPDF/BD%2031%20%20may%2094.pdf |access-date=10 September 2023 |website=information.gov.bn |page=7}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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|121 |
|121 |
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|{{Flag|Moldova}} |
|{{Flag|Moldova}} |
||
|8 June 1994<ref>{{Cite web |title=Republica Libaneză |url=https://mfa.gov.md/ro/content/republica-libaneza |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Ministerul Afacerilor Externe şi Integrării Europene al Republicii Moldova |language=ro}}</ref> |
|{{dts|8 June 1994}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Republica Libaneză |url=https://mfa.gov.md/ro/content/republica-libaneza |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Ministerul Afacerilor Externe şi Integrării Europene al Republicii Moldova |language=ro}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|122 |
|122 |
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|{{Flag|Croatia}} |
|{{Flag|Croatia}} |
||
|5 December 1994<ref>{{Cite web |title=Date of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations |url=https://mvep.gov.hr/foreign-policy/bilateral-relations/date-of-recognition-and-establishment-od-diplomatic-relations/22800 |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Republic of Croatia Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs}}</ref> |
|{{dts|5 December 1994}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Date of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations |url=https://mvep.gov.hr/foreign-policy/bilateral-relations/date-of-recognition-and-establishment-od-diplomatic-relations/22800 |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Republic of Croatia Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|123 |
|123 |
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|{{Flag|Guyana}} |
|{{Flag|Guyana}} |
||
⚫ | |||
|2 March 1995<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Diplomatic Relations Between Lebanon and Guyana as of 2 Mar. 1995 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1481782?ln=en |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=United Nations Digital Library}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|124 |
|124 |
||
|{{Flag|Suriname}} |
|{{Flag|Suriname}} |
||
|{{dts|26 April 1995}}<ref name="UNDL" /> |
|||
|26 April 1995<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Diplomatic Relations Between Lebanon and Suriname as of 26 Apr. 1995 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1481614?ln=en |access-date=15 April 2023 |website=United Nations Digital Library}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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|125 |
|125 |
||
|{{Flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} |
|{{Flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} |
||
|22 June 1995<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dates of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations |url=https://www.mvp.gov.ba/vanjska_politika_bih/bilateralni_odnosi/datumi_priznanja_i_uspostave_diplomatskih_odnosa/default.aspx?id=6 |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs Bosnia and Herzegovina}}</ref> |
|{{dts|22 June 1995}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dates of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations |url=https://www.mvp.gov.ba/vanjska_politika_bih/bilateralni_odnosi/datumi_priznanja_i_uspostave_diplomatskih_odnosa/default.aspx?id=6 |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs Bosnia and Herzegovina}}</ref> |
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|- |
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|126 |
|126 |
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|{{Flag|South Africa}} |
|{{Flag|South Africa}} |
||
|18 November 1995<ref name=":53" /> |
|{{dts|18 November 1995}}<ref name=":53" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|127 |
|127 |
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|{{Flag|Belarus}} |
|{{Flag|Belarus}} |
||
|21 March 1996<ref>{{Cite web |title=Political relations |url=https://syria.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations_Lebanon/ |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in the Syrian Arab Republic}}</ref> |
|{{dts|21 March 1996}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Political relations |url=https://syria.mfa.gov.by/en/bilateral_relations_Lebanon/ |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in the Syrian Arab Republic}}</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|128 |
|128 |
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|{{Flag|Tajikistan}} |
|{{Flag|Tajikistan}} |
||
|21 June 1996<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of states with which the Republic of Tajikistan established diplomatic relations |url=https://mfa.tj/uploads/main/2022/12/12-12-2022-11-21.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202001726/https://mfa.tj/uploads/main/2022/12/12-12-2022-11-21.pdf |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=2 January 2024}}</ref> |
|{{dts|21 June 1996}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of states with which the Republic of Tajikistan established diplomatic relations |url=https://mfa.tj/uploads/main/2022/12/12-12-2022-11-21.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202001726/https://mfa.tj/uploads/main/2022/12/12-12-2022-11-21.pdf |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=2 January 2024}}</ref> |
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|- |
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|129 |
|129 |
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|{{Flag|Angola}} |
|{{Flag|Angola}} |
||
|{{dts|3 July 1996}}<ref name="UNDL" /> |
|||
|3 July 1996<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 3, 1996 |title=Diplomatic Relations Between Lebanon and Angola as of 3 July 1996 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1477454?ln=en |access-date=15 April 2023 |website=United Nations Digital Library}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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|130 |
|130 |
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|{{Flag|Sri Lanka}} |
|{{Flag|Sri Lanka}} |
||
|7 May 1997<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dates of Establishment of Diplomatic Relations |url=https://mfa.gov.lk/dpl-relations/ |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Sri Lanka}}</ref> |
|{{dts|7 May 1997}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dates of Establishment of Diplomatic Relations |url=https://mfa.gov.lk/dpl-relations/ |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Sri Lanka}}</ref> |
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|- |
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|131 |
|131 |
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|{{Flag|Latvia}} |
|{{Flag|Latvia}} |
||
|16 January 1998<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dates of Establishment and Renewal of Diplomatic Relations |url=https://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/dates-establishment-and-renewal-diplomatic-relations |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Latvia}}</ref> |
|{{dts|16 January 1998}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dates of Establishment and Renewal of Diplomatic Relations |url=https://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/dates-establishment-and-renewal-diplomatic-relations |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Latvia}}</ref> |
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|- |
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|132 |
|132 |
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|{{Flag|Mongolia}} |
|{{Flag|Mongolia}} |
||
|5 February 1998<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of countries maintaining diplomatic relations with Mongolia |url=https://mfa.gov.mn/en/mongolian-foreign-policy/diplomatic-relations/states-with-diplomatic-relations/ |access-date=28 April 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia}}</ref> |
|{{dts|5 February 1998}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of countries maintaining diplomatic relations with Mongolia |url=https://mfa.gov.mn/en/mongolian-foreign-policy/diplomatic-relations/states-with-diplomatic-relations/ |access-date=28 April 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia}}</ref> |
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|- |
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|133 |
|133 |
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|{{Flag|Mozambique}} |
|{{Flag|Mozambique}} |
||
|{{dts|20 April 1998}}<ref name="UNDL" /> |
|||
|20 April 1998<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Diplomatic Relations Between Mozambique and Lebanon as of 20 Apr. 1998 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1476362?ln=en |access-date=15 April 2023 |website=United Nations Digital Library}}</ref> |
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|- |
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|134 |
|134 |
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|{{Flag|Uzbekistan}} |
|{{Flag|Uzbekistan}} |
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|22 October 1998<ref>{{Cite web |title=States with which the Republic of Uzbekistan established diplomatic relations |url=https://mfa.uz/en/pages/strani-kotoriye-uzbekistan-ustanovil-diplomaticheskiye-otnosheniya |access-date=28 April 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan}}</ref> |
|{{dts|22 October 1998}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=States with which the Republic of Uzbekistan established diplomatic relations |url=https://mfa.uz/en/pages/strani-kotoriye-uzbekistan-ustanovil-diplomaticheskiye-otnosheniya |access-date=28 April 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan}}</ref> |
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|135 |
|135 |
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|{{Flag|Andorra}} |
|{{Flag|Andorra}} |
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|{{dts|24 March 1999}}<ref name="UNDL" /> |
|||
|24 March 1999<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Diplomatic Relations Between Andorra and Lebanon as of 24 Mar. 1999 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1475284?ln=en |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=United Nations Digital Library}}</ref> |
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|136 |
|136 |
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|{{Flag|Liechtenstein}} |
|{{Flag|Liechtenstein}} |
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|{{dts|9 June 2000}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 June 2000 |title=Botschafter akkreditiert |url=https://www.eliechtensteinensia.li/viewer/image/000476564_2000/4001/LOG_0135/ |access-date=11 December 2024 |work=[[Liechtensteiner Volksblatt]] |language=de}}</ref> |
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|137 |
|137 |
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|{{Flag|Republic of the Congo}} |
|{{Flag|Republic of the Congo}} |
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|12 April 2001<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatie : le Liban et le Congo explorent de nouveaux axes de coopération |url=https://www.adiac-congo.com/content/diplomatie-le-liban-et-le-congo-explorent-de-nouveaux-axes-de-cooperation-60928 |access-date=15 April 2023 |website=Agence d'Information d'Afrique Centrale}}</ref> |
|{{dts|12 April 2001}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatie : le Liban et le Congo explorent de nouveaux axes de coopération |url=https://www.adiac-congo.com/content/diplomatie-le-liban-et-le-congo-explorent-de-nouveaux-axes-de-cooperation-60928 |access-date=15 April 2023 |website=Agence d'Information d'Afrique Centrale}}</ref> |
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|138 |
|138 |
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|{{Flag|Belize}} |
|{{Flag|Belize}} |
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|{{dts|29 June 2001}}<ref name="UNDL" /> |
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|29 June 2001<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Diplomatic Relations Between Belize and Lebanon as of 29 June 2001 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1326708?ln=en |access-date=15 April 2023 |website=United Nations Digital Library}}</ref> |
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|139 |
|139 |
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|{{Flag|Estonia}} |
|{{Flag|Estonia}} |
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|3 September 2001<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomaatiliste suhete (taas)kehtestamise kronoloogia |url=https://www.vm.ee/rahvusvaheline-suhtlus-uleilmne-eestlus/suhted-teiste-riikidega/diplomaatiliste-suhete |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Republic of Estonia Ministry of Foreign Affairs |language=et}}</ref> |
|{{dts|3 September 2001}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomaatiliste suhete (taas)kehtestamise kronoloogia |url=https://www.vm.ee/rahvusvaheline-suhtlus-uleilmne-eestlus/suhted-teiste-riikidega/diplomaatiliste-suhete |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Republic of Estonia Ministry of Foreign Affairs |language=et}}</ref> |
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|140 |
|140 |
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|{{Flag|East Timor}} |
|{{Flag|East Timor}} |
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|April 2005<ref>{{Cite web |title=Middle East |url=https://mnec.gov.tl/index.php/node/30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321205646/https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:NPh7G5DwMvMJ:https://mnec.gov.tl/index.php/node/30&cd=3&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=ua |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=25 September 2023 |website=mnec.gov.tl}}</ref> |
|{{dts|April 2005}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Middle East |url=https://mnec.gov.tl/index.php/node/30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321205646/https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:NPh7G5DwMvMJ:https://mnec.gov.tl/index.php/node/30&cd=3&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=ua |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=25 September 2023 |website=mnec.gov.tl}}</ref> |
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|141 |
|141 |
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|{{Flag|Lesotho}} |
|{{Flag|Lesotho}} |
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|1 September 2005<ref>{{Cite web |title=Liste des Missions Diplomatiques et Consulaires au Liban 2009 |url=http://www.foreign.gov.lb/files/coprs%20DiplomatiqueauLiban2.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123232649/http://www.foreign.gov.lb/files/coprs%20DiplomatiqueauLiban2.pdf |archive-date=23 January 2013 |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Republique Libanaise Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres et des Emigres |page=164 |language=fr}}</ref> |
|{{dts|1 September 2005}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Liste des Missions Diplomatiques et Consulaires au Liban 2009 |url=http://www.foreign.gov.lb/files/coprs%20DiplomatiqueauLiban2.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123232649/http://www.foreign.gov.lb/files/coprs%20DiplomatiqueauLiban2.pdf |archive-date=23 January 2013 |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Republique Libanaise Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres et des Emigres |page=164 |language=fr}}</ref> |
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|142 |
|142 |
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|{{Flag|Costa Rica}} |
|{{Flag|Costa Rica}} |
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|{{dts|24 August 2007}}<ref name="UNDL" /> |
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|24 August 2007<ref>{{Cite web |last1= |first1= |date= |title=Diplomatic Relations Between Lebanon and Costa Rica as of 24 Aug. 2007 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1327342?ln=en |access-date=2 January 2023 |website=United Nations Digital Library}}</ref> |
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|143 |
|143 |
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|{{Flag|El Salvador}} |
|{{Flag|El Salvador}} |
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|{{dts|25 September 2007}}<ref name="UNDL" /> |
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|25 September 2007<ref>{{Cite web |last1= |first1= |date= |title=Diplomatic Relations Between Lebanon and El Salvador as of 25 Sept. 2007 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3843833?ln=en |access-date=2 January 2023 |website=United Nations Digital Library}}</ref> |
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|144 |
|144 |
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|{{Flag|Syria}} |
|{{Flag|Syria}} |
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|15 October 2008<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 15, 2008 |title=Lebanon, Syria formally launch diplomatic talks |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20081015-lebanon-syria-formally-launch-diplomatic-talks- |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=France 24}}</ref><ref name=":54" /> |
|{{dts|15 October 2008}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 15, 2008 |title=Lebanon, Syria formally launch diplomatic talks |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20081015-lebanon-syria-formally-launch-diplomatic-talks- |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=France 24}}</ref><ref name=":54" /> |
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|{{Flag|Equatorial Guinea}} |
|{{Flag|Equatorial Guinea}} |
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|{{dts|21 November 2008}}<ref name="UNDL" /> |
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|21 November 2008<ref>{{Cite web |last1= |first1= |date= |title=Diplomatic Relations Between Equatorial Guinea and Lebanon as of 21 Nov. 2008 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1325948?ln=en |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=United Nations Digital Library}}</ref> |
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|146 |
|146 |
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|{{Flag|Montenegro}} |
|{{Flag|Montenegro}} |
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|4 December 2008<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lebanon |url=https://www.gov.me/en/diplomatic-missions/embassies-and-consulates-of-montenegro/lebanon |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Government of Montenegro}}</ref> |
|{{dts|4 December 2008}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lebanon |url=https://www.gov.me/en/diplomatic-missions/embassies-and-consulates-of-montenegro/lebanon |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Government of Montenegro}}</ref> |
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|147 |
|147 |
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|{{Dts|13 November 2009}}<ref name="UNDL" /> |
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|{{Flag|Fiji}} |
|{{Flag|Fiji}} |
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|{{dts|10 October 2010}}<ref name="UNDL" /> |
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|10 October 2010<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Diplomatic Relations Between Fiji and Lebanon as of 10 Oct. 2010 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1319285?ln=en |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=United Nations Digital Library}}</ref> |
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|— |
|— |
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|{{Flag|State of Palestine}} |
|{{Flag|State of Palestine}} |
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|17 August 2011<ref name=":62">{{Cite web |title=تعريف |url=http://www.palembassy-lb.net/_page.php?page_id=10 |access-date=4 January 2024 |website=palembassy-lb.net |language=ar}}</ref> |
|{{dts|17 August 2011}}<ref name=":62">{{Cite web |title=تعريف |url=http://www.palembassy-lb.net/_page.php?page_id=10 |access-date=4 January 2024 |website=palembassy-lb.net |language=ar}}</ref> |
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|5 November 2012<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rapporti bilaterali della Repubblica di San Marino |url=https://www.esteri.sm/pub2/EsteriSM/Relazioni-Internazionali/Rapporti-Bilaterali.html |access-date=3 January 2024 |language=it}}</ref> |
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|{{Flag|Rwanda}} |
|{{Flag|Rwanda}} |
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|21 April 2017<ref name=":55" /> |
|{{dts|21 April 2017}}<ref name=":55" /> |
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|151 |
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|{{Flag|Antigua and Barbuda}} |
|{{Flag|Antigua and Barbuda}} |
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|April 2017<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2019 |title=Antigua and Barbuda opens doors to new embassy in Beirut |url=https://www.zawya.com/mena/en/press-releases/story/Antigua_and_Barbuda_opens_doors_to_new_embassy_in_Beirut_Lebanon-ZAWYA20190904072058/ |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=zawya.com}}</ref> |
|{{dts|April 2017}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2019 |title=Antigua and Barbuda opens doors to new embassy in Beirut |url=https://www.zawya.com/mena/en/press-releases/story/Antigua_and_Barbuda_opens_doors_to_new_embassy_in_Beirut_Lebanon-ZAWYA20190904072058/ |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=zawya.com}}</ref> |
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|{{Flag|Madagascar}} |
|{{Flag|Madagascar}} |
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|5 May 2017<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2017 |title=عون:استقبل وزيرة خارجيّة مدغشقر ووفوداً |url=http://www.iss-foundation.com/home/libandet/Mjk= |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=iss-foundation.com |language=ar}}</ref> |
|{{dts|5 May 2017}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2017 |title=عون:استقبل وزيرة خارجيّة مدغشقر ووفوداً |url=http://www.iss-foundation.com/home/libandet/Mjk= |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=iss-foundation.com |language=ar}}</ref> |
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|{{Flag|Kyrgyzstan}} |
|{{Flag|Kyrgyzstan}} |
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|{{dts|29 June 2017}}<ref name="UNDL" /> |
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|29 June 2017<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Diplomatic relations between Kyrgyzstan and Lebanon as of 29 June 2017 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1299438?ln=en |access-date=28 April 2023 |website=United Nations Digital Library}}</ref> |
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|{{Flag|Malawi}} |
|{{Flag|Malawi}} |
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|18 October 2017<ref name=":56" /> |
|{{dts|18 October 2017}}<ref name=":56" /> |
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|{{Flag|Uganda}} |
|{{Flag|Uganda}} |
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|5 March 2019<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 5, 2019 |title=President Michel Aoun receives the credentials of the Ambassador of the Republic of Uganda Sam Sebuliba Male |url=https://www.dalatinohra.net/?p=102084 |access-date=3 October 2023 |website=dalatinohra.net}}</ref> |
|{{dts|5 March 2019}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 5, 2019 |title=President Michel Aoun receives the credentials of the Ambassador of the Republic of Uganda Sam Sebuliba Male |url=https://www.dalatinohra.net/?p=102084 |access-date=3 October 2023 |website=dalatinohra.net}}</ref> |
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|{{Flag|Vanuatu}} |
|{{Flag|Vanuatu}} |
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|25 September 2019<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 September 2019 |title=Vanuatu has entered into diplomatic relations with Lebanon: Foreign Minister signed with Foreign Minister of Lebanon, H.E. Gebran Bassil |url=https://x.com/angin__kurima/status/1177046576050532352?s=20 |access-date=3 January 2024}}</ref> |
|{{dts|25 September 2019}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 September 2019 |title=Vanuatu has entered into diplomatic relations with Lebanon: Foreign Minister signed with Foreign Minister of Lebanon, H.E. Gebran Bassil |url=https://x.com/angin__kurima/status/1177046576050532352?s=20 |access-date=3 January 2024}}</ref> |
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|{{Flag|Marshall Islands}} |
|{{Flag|Marshall Islands}} |
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|{{dts|26 September 2019}}<ref name="UNDL" /> |
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|26 September 2019<ref>{{Cite web |last1= |first1= |date= |title=Diplomatic Relations Between Lebanon and Marshall Islands as of 26 Sept. 2019 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3835935?ln=en |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=United Nations Digital Library}}</ref> |
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|{{Flag|Guinea-Bissau}} |
|{{Flag|Guinea-Bissau}} |
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|20 October 2020<ref name=":57" /> |
|{{dts|20 October 2020}}<ref name=":57" /> |
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|{{Flag|Cape Verde}} |
|{{Flag|Cape Verde}} |
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|{{dts|20 May 2021}}<ref name="UNDL" /> |
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|20 May 2021<ref>{{Cite web |last1= |first1= |date= |title=Diplomatic Relations Between Cabo Verde and Lebanon as of 20 May 2021 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3928044?ln=en |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=United Nations Digital Library}}</ref> |
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|{{Flag|Zimbabwe}} |
|{{Flag|Zimbabwe}} |
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|{{dts|29 March 2022}}<ref name="UNDL" /> |
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|29 March 2022<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations Between Lebanon and Zimbabwe as of 29 Mar. 2022 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3973316?ln=en |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=United Nations Digital Library}}</ref> |
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|{{Flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}} |
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|{{dts|24 July 2024}}<ref name="UNDL" /> |
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|{{Flag|Libya}} |
|{{Flag|Libya}} |
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|Unknown |
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|{{Flag|Tanzania}} |
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|Unknown |
|Unknown |
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Line 732: | Line 740: | ||
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 May 1965<ref name=":48">{{Cite book |title=Chronology of Arab Politics, Volume 3 |publisher=Political Studies and Public Administration Department of the American University of Beirut., 1965 |pages=138}}</ref> |
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 May 1965<ref name=":48">{{Cite book |title=Chronology of Arab Politics, Volume 3 |publisher=Political Studies and Public Administration Department of the American University of Beirut., 1965 |pages=138}}</ref> |
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|- valign="top" |
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|{{Flag|Ghana}}||30 March 1959||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 March 1959.<ref name=":30">{{Cite book |title=Summary of the Yugoslav Press |publisher=The Service |year=1959 |pages=4}}</ref><ref name=":31">{{Cite web |last=Lazar Focsaneanu |title=Chronologie des faits internationaux d'ordre juridique. Annuaire Français de Droit International / Année 1959 / |
|{{Flag|Ghana}}||30 March 1959||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 March 1959.<ref name=":30">{{Cite book |title=Summary of the Yugoslav Press |publisher=The Service |year=1959 |pages=4}}</ref><ref name=":31">{{Cite web |last=Lazar Focsaneanu |title=Chronologie des faits internationaux d'ordre juridique. Annuaire Français de Droit International / Année 1959 / 5 / |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/afdi_0066-3085_1959_num_5_1_1472?q=Chronologie%20des%20faits%20internationaux%20d%27ordre%20juridique |access-date=30 November 2023 |website=persee.fr |page=921 |language=fr}}</ref> |
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* Ghana is accredited to Lebanon from its embassy in Cairo, Egypt. |
* Ghana is accredited to Lebanon from its embassy in Cairo, Egypt. |
||
* Lebanon has an embassy in [[Accra]]. |
* Lebanon has an embassy in [[Accra]]. |
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Line 755: | Line 763: | ||
|{{Flag|Malawi}} |
|{{Flag|Malawi}} |
||
|18 October 2017 |
|18 October 2017 |
||
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 October 2017 when ambassador of Malawi Mrs. Caroline Bwanali Mussa, has presented his credentials to President of Lebanon Michel Aoun.<ref name=":56">{{Cite web |date=18 October 2017 |title=President Michel Aoun receives the credentials of the Ambassador of MALAWI Caroline Bwanali Mussa |url=https://www.dalatinohra.net/?p=62856 |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=dalatinohra.net}}</ref> |
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 October 2017 when ambassador of Malawi Mrs. Caroline Bwanali Mussa, has presented his credentials to President of Lebanon Michel Aoun.<ref name=":56">{{Cite web |date=18 October 2017 |title=President Michel Aoun receives the credentials of the Ambassador of MALAWI Caroline Bwanali Mussa |url=https://www.dalatinohra.net/?p=62856 |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=dalatinohra.net |archive-date=August 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822104718/https://www.dalatinohra.net/?p=62856 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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|{{Flag|Mali}} |
|{{Flag|Mali}} |
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Line 774: | Line 782: | ||
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 March 1962, when the first Lebanese Ambassador to Niger, Jean Hadji Thomas, presented his credentials to President Hamani Diori<ref name=":41">{{Cite book|title=Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts, Issues 50-51|publisher=United States. Central Intelligence Agency|year=1962|pages=7}}</ref> |
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 March 1962, when the first Lebanese Ambassador to Niger, Jean Hadji Thomas, presented his credentials to President Hamani Diori<ref name=":41">{{Cite book|title=Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts, Issues 50-51|publisher=United States. Central Intelligence Agency|year=1962|pages=7}}</ref> |
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|{{Flag|Nigeria}}||8 January 1961||8 January 1961 Lebanese Consulate in Lagos was raised to level |
|{{Flag|Nigeria}}||8 January 1961||8 January 1961 Lebanese Consulate in Lagos was raised to level embassy.<ref name=":34">{{Cite book|title=Middle East Record Volume 2, 1961, Volume 2|publisher=The Moshe Dayan Center, 1961|pages=415}}</ref> Nigeria opened its embassy in Beirut in 1982 |
||
* Lebanon has an embassy in [[Abuja]]. |
* Lebanon has an embassy in [[Abuja]]. |
||
* Nigeria has an embassy in Beirut. |
* Nigeria has an embassy in Beirut. |
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Line 938: | Line 946: | ||
The Embassy of Armenia to Lebanon was opened in June 1994. The Embassy of Lebanon was opened in Yerevan in September 1997. |
The Embassy of Armenia to Lebanon was opened in June 1994. The Embassy of Lebanon was opened in Yerevan in September 1997. |
||
Lebanon is host to the eighth largest [[Armenian diaspora|Armenian]] population in the world. During the [[2006 Lebanon War]], [[Armenia]] announced that it would send humanitarian aid to Lebanon. According to the Armenian government, an unspecified amount of medicines, tents and fire-fighting equipment was allocated to Lebanese authorities on July 27, 2006.<ref>[http://www.armenialiberty.org/armeniareport/report/en/2006/07/EB9E5465-7B17-4A96-B513-03AA0567FAB0.ASP Armenia To Provide Relief To Lebanon], Armenialiberty.org</ref><ref>[http://www.panarmenian.net/news/eng/?nid=18992&page=1 Armenia Sent Humanitarian Assistance To Lebanon], PanArmenian.Net</ref> On May 11, 2000, the [[Lebanese parliament]] voted to recognize the [[Armenian genocide]].<ref>[http://www.armeniaforeignministry.com/fr/genocide/current_status.html International Affirmation of the Armenian Genocide], Armenia Foreign Ministry</ref> Lebanon is the first [[Arab]] country and one of the few countries of the world to have done so. |
Lebanon is host to the eighth largest [[Armenian diaspora|Armenian]] population in the world. During the [[2006 Lebanon War]], [[Armenia]] announced that it would send humanitarian aid to Lebanon. According to the Armenian government, an unspecified amount of medicines, tents and fire-fighting equipment was allocated to Lebanese authorities on July 27, 2006.<ref>[http://www.armenialiberty.org/armeniareport/report/en/2006/07/EB9E5465-7B17-4A96-B513-03AA0567FAB0.ASP Armenia To Provide Relief To Lebanon], Armenialiberty.org</ref><ref>[http://www.panarmenian.net/news/eng/?nid=18992&page=1 Armenia Sent Humanitarian Assistance To Lebanon], PanArmenian.Net</ref> On May 11, 2000, the [[Lebanese parliament]] voted to recognize the [[Armenian genocide]].<ref>[http://www.armeniaforeignministry.com/fr/genocide/current_status.html International Affirmation of the Armenian Genocide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208014540/http://www.armeniaforeignministry.com/fr/genocide/current_status.html |date=February 8, 2012 }}, Armenia Foreign Ministry</ref> Lebanon is the first [[Arab]] country and one of the few countries of the world to have done so. |
||
* Armenia has embassy in [[Beirut]]. |
* Armenia has embassy in [[Beirut]]. |
||
* Lebanon has an embassy in [[Yerevan]]. |
* Lebanon has an embassy in [[Yerevan]]. |
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|{{Flag|Azerbaijan }}||18 September 1992||See [[Azerbaijan–Lebanon relations]] |
|{{Flag|Azerbaijan }}||18 September 1992||See [[Azerbaijan–Lebanon relations]] |
||
* Azerbaijan has an embassy in [[Beirut]]. |
* Azerbaijan has an embassy in [[Beirut]]. |
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* Lebanon is accredited to Azerbaijan through its embassy in Tehran, Iran. |
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|{{Flag|Bahrain }}||29 May 1972|| |
|{{Flag|Bahrain }}||29 May 1972|| |
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Line 963: | Line 972: | ||
* Lebanon has an embassy in [[Beijing]]. |
* Lebanon has an embassy in [[Beijing]]. |
||
In June 2020, Lebanon was one of 53 countries that backed the [[Hong Kong national security law]] at the United Nations.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lawler |first1=Dave |title= The 53 countries supporting China's crackdown on Hong Kong|url= https://www.axios.com/countries-supporting-china-hong-kong-law-0ec9bc6c-3aeb-4af0-8031-aa0f01a46a7c.html|website=[[Axios (website)|Axios]] |access-date=July 3, 2020 |language=en |date=July 2, 2020}}</ref> |
In June 2020, Lebanon was one of 53 countries that backed the [[2020 Hong Kong national security law|Hong Kong national security law]] at the United Nations.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lawler |first1=Dave |title= The 53 countries supporting China's crackdown on Hong Kong|url= https://www.axios.com/countries-supporting-china-hong-kong-law-0ec9bc6c-3aeb-4af0-8031-aa0f01a46a7c.html|website=[[Axios (website)|Axios]] |access-date=July 3, 2020 |language=en |date=July 2, 2020}}</ref> |
||
China opened the first [[Confucius Institute]] in the Middle East in Lebanon in 2006.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Yellinek|first1=Roie|last2=Mann|first2=Yossi|last3=Lebel|first3=Udi|date=November 1, 2020|title=Chinese Soft-Power in the Arab world – China's Confucius Institutes as a central tool of influence|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/01495933.2020.1826843|journal=Comparative Strategy|volume=39|issue=6|pages=517–534|doi=10.1080/01495933.2020.1826843|s2cid=226263146 |issn=0149-5933}}</ref> |
China opened the first [[Confucius Institute]] in the Middle East in Lebanon in 2006.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Yellinek|first1=Roie|last2=Mann|first2=Yossi|last3=Lebel|first3=Udi|date=November 1, 2020|title=Chinese Soft-Power in the Arab world – China's Confucius Institutes as a central tool of influence|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/01495933.2020.1826843|journal=Comparative Strategy|volume=39|issue=6|pages=517–534|doi=10.1080/01495933.2020.1826843|s2cid=226263146 |issn=0149-5933}}</ref> |
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* Kazakhstan has an embassy in [[Beirut]]. |
* Kazakhstan has an embassy in [[Beirut]]. |
||
* Lebanon has an embassy in [[ |
* Lebanon has an embassy in [[Astana]]. |
||
|- valign="top" |
|- valign="top" |
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|{{Flag|Kuwait }}||27 September 1961<ref name=":37">{{Cite book|title=Middle East Record Volume 2, 1961, Volume 2|publisher=The Moshe Dayan Center, 1961|pages=139}}</ref>|| |
|{{Flag|Kuwait }}||27 September 1961<ref name=":37">{{Cite book|title=Middle East Record Volume 2, 1961, Volume 2|publisher=The Moshe Dayan Center, 1961|pages=139}}</ref>|| |
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Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 July 1963<ref name=":46">{{Cite book |title=Chronology of Arab Politics - Volume 1 |publisher=Political Studies and Public Administration Department of the American University of Beirut |year=1963 |pages=221}}</ref> |
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 July 1963<ref name=":46">{{Cite book |title=Chronology of Arab Politics - Volume 1 |publisher=Political Studies and Public Administration Department of the American University of Beirut |year=1963 |pages=221}}</ref> |
||
* Lebanon has an embassy in [[Kuala Lumpur]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foreign.gov.lb/files/Lebanese%20diplomatic%20missions%20abroad.pdf|title=Lebanese Embassies, Missions, Consulates, Honorary Consulates abroad|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Emigrants of the Republic of Lebanon|access-date=May 4, 2014|page=13}}</ref> |
* Lebanon has an embassy in [[Kuala Lumpur]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foreign.gov.lb/files/Lebanese%20diplomatic%20missions%20abroad.pdf|title=Lebanese Embassies, Missions, Consulates, Honorary Consulates abroad|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Emigrants of the Republic of Lebanon|access-date=May 4, 2014|page=13|archive-date=December 24, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121224020619/http://www.foreign.gov.lb/files/Lebanese%20diplomatic%20missions%20abroad.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
||
* Malaysia has an embassy in [[Beirut]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kln.gov.my/web/lbn_beirut/home|title=Official Website of Embassy of Malaysia, Beirut|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia]]|access-date=May 4, 2014}}</ref> |
* Malaysia has an embassy in [[Beirut]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kln.gov.my/web/lbn_beirut/home|title=Official Website of Embassy of Malaysia, Beirut|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia]]|access-date=May 4, 2014}}</ref> |
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===Europe=== |
===Europe=== |
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{{See also|Lebanon–European Union relations}} |
|||
Lebanon concluded negotiations on an association agreement with the European Union in late 2001, and both sides initialed the accord in January 2002, the accord becoming known as the EU-Lebanon Association Agreement. The EU-Lebanon Action Plan from January 19, 2007, gave a new impetus to bilateral relations in the framework of the [[European Neighborhood Policy]]. |
Lebanon concluded negotiations on an association agreement with the European Union in late 2001, and both sides initialed the accord in January 2002, the accord becoming known as the EU-Lebanon Association Agreement. The EU-Lebanon Action Plan from January 19, 2007, gave a new impetus to bilateral relations in the framework of the [[European Neighborhood Policy]]. |
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* Since May 1967, Bulgaria has had an embassy in Beirut.<ref>[http://www.mfa.bg/beirut/ Bulgarian embassy in Beirut]</ref> |
* Since May 1967, Bulgaria has had an embassy in Beirut.<ref>[http://www.mfa.bg/beirut/ Bulgarian embassy in Beirut]</ref> |
||
* Since July 1983, Lebanon has had an embassy in [[Sofia]].<ref name="sofia.mfa.gov.lb" /> |
* Since July 1983, Lebanon has had an embassy in [[Sofia]].<ref name="sofia.mfa.gov.lb" /> |
||
* Both countries are full members of the [[Francophonie]] and of the [[Union for the Mediterranean]]. |
* Both countries are full members of the [[Francophonie]] and of the [[Union for the Mediterranean]]. |
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|{{flag|Croatia}}||<!--Date started-->|| |
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* Croatia is accredited to Lebanon from its embassy in Cairo, Egypt. |
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* Lebanon is accredited to Croatia from its embassy in Vienna, Austria. |
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|{{flag|Denmark}}||6 October 1953 |
|{{flag|Denmark}}||6 October 1953 |
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|30 November 1965 |
|30 November 1965 |
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| |
| |
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* Hungary opened its |
* Hungary opened its embassy in Beirut in 1970. |
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* Lebanon opened |
* Lebanon opened an embassy in [[Budapest]] in 1994.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Government of Hungary (in Hungarian)|url=https://www.parlament.hu/naplo41/184/n184_0036.htm}}</ref> |
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|- valign="top" |
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|{{Flag|Ireland}}||12 December 1974|| |
|{{Flag|Ireland}}||12 December 1974|| |
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|7 February 1946 |
|7 February 1946 |
||
| |
| |
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* Lebanon has an |
* Lebanon has an embassy in [[Stockholm]] |
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* Sweden has an |
* Sweden has an embassy in Beirut |
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|- |
|- |
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|{{Flag|Switzerland}} |
|{{Flag|Switzerland}} |
Latest revision as of 00:00, 22 December 2024
Member State of the Arab League |
---|
The foreign policy of Lebanon reflects its geographic location, the composition of its population, and its reliance on commerce and trade. Until 2005, Lebanon's foreign policy had been heavily influenced by Syria, however beginning with the formation of Hezbollah in 1982, Iran had gradually grown to heavily influence Lebanon.[1][2]
The framework for relations was first codified in May 1991, when Lebanon and Syria signed a treaty of mutual cooperation. This treaty came out of the Taif Agreement, which stipulated that "Lebanon is linked to Syria by distinctive ties deriving strength from kinship, history, and common interests." The Lebanese-Syria treaty calls for "coordination and cooperation between the two countries" that would serve the "interests of the two countries within the framework of sovereignty and independence of each." Numerous agreements on political, economic, and security. After Syria's military withdrawal in 2005, Lebanon's foreign policy charted a more independent course.
Diplomatic relations
[edit]List of countries which Lebanon maintains diplomatic relations with:
# | Country | Date |
---|---|---|
1 | United Kingdom | 27 March 1942[3] |
2 | Iraq | 24 February 1944[4] |
3 | Saudi Arabia | 9 April 1944[5] |
4 | Poland | 1 August 1944[6] |
5 | Russia | 3 August 1944[7] |
6 | Iran | 21 September 1944[8] |
7 | United States | 16 November 1944[9] |
8 | France | 25 November 1944[10] |
9 | Belgium | 25 November 1944[11] |
10 | Egypt | 30 November 1944[12] |
11 | Mexico | 12 June 1945[13] |
12 | Chile | 28 June 1945[14][15] |
13 | Uruguay | 25 October 1945[16] |
14 | Brazil | 13 November 1945[17] |
15 | Argentina | 22 November 1946[18] |
16 | Switzerland | 27 February 1946[19] |
17 | Turkey | 8 March 1946[20] |
18 | Panama | 30 April 1946[21] |
19 | Serbia | 18 May 1946[22] |
20 | Venezuela | 10 July 1946[23] |
21 | Czech Republic | 21 September 1946[24] |
22 | Jordan | 1 October 1946[25] |
23 | Philippines | 24 October 1946[26] |
24 | Italy | 20 November 1946[27] |
— | Holy See | 17 March 1947[28] |
25 | Greece | 17 June 1947[29] |
26 | Sweden | 7 February 1946[30] |
27 | Spain | 5 March 1948[31] |
28 | Norway | 10 August 1948[32] |
29 | Afghanistan | August 1948[33] |
30 | Ecuador | 15 September 1948[34] |
31 | India | 15 September 1948[35] |
32 | Pakistan | 15 September 1948[36] |
33 | Colombia | 29 October 1948[37] |
34 | Bolivia | 28 May 1949[38][39] |
35 | Ethiopia | 31 July 1949[40] |
36 | Peru | 1949[41] |
37 | Indonesia | 27 February 1950[42] |
38 | Paraguay | 12 May 1950[43] |
39 | Netherlands | 12 October 1950[44] |
40 | Luxembourg | 21 November 1950[45] |
41 | Liberia | 1 January 1951[46] |
42 | Honduras | 16 January 1951[47] |
43 | Austria | 6 December 1951[48] |
44 | Nicaragua | 29 July 1952 |
45 | Germany | 20 May 1953[49] |
46 | Denmark | 6 October 1953[50] |
47 | Yemen | 1953[51] |
48 | Finland | 21 June 1954[52] |
49 | Canada | 26 August 1954[53] |
50 | Japan | November 1954[54] |
— | Sovereign Military Order of Malta | 1955[55] |
51 | Portugal | 1955[56] |
52 | Morocco | 1956[57] |
53 | Sudan | 1956[58] |
54 | Tunisia | October 1957[59] |
55 | Thailand | 3 February 1958[60] |
56 | Ghana | 30 March 1959[61][62] |
57 | Haiti | 21 May 1959[63] |
58 | Guinea | 3 June 1960[64] |
59 | Cuba | 15 June 1960[65] |
60 | Cyprus | 20 September 1960[66] |
61 | Dominican Republic | 1960[67] |
62 | Nigeria | 8 January 1961[68] |
63 | Senegal | 22 April 1961[69] |
64 | Sierra Leone | 27 April 1961[70] |
65 | Kuwait | 27 September 1961[71] |
66 | Ivory Coast | 4 October 1961[72] |
67 | Somalia | 6 October 1961[73] |
68 | Mali | 9 October 1961[74] |
69 | Gabon | 1961[75] |
70 | Niger | 11 March 1962[76] |
71 | Togo | 7 June 1962[77] |
72 | Benin | 27 June 1962[78] |
73 | Algeria | 18 December 1962[79] |
74 | Burkina Faso | 1962[80] |
75 | Cameroon | 1962[81] |
76 | Jamaica | 7 May 1963[82] |
77 | Laos | 15 July 1963[83] |
78 | Malaysia | 16 July 1963[84] |
79 | Nepal | 18 August 1963[85] |
80 | Chad | 1963[86] |
81 | Trinidad and Tobago | 1963[87] |
82 | Romania | 6 January 1965[88] |
83 | Gambia | 24 May 1965[89] |
84 | Hungary | 30 November 1965[90] |
85 | Bulgaria | 19 September 1966[91] |
86 | Central African Republic | 1966[92] |
87 | Zambia | 3 February 1967[93] |
88 | Australia | 5 February 1967[94] |
89 | Kenya | 16 August 1967[95] |
90 | Singapore | 3 May 1969[96] |
91 | Mauritania | 10 June 1971[97] |
92 | China | 9 November 1971[98] |
93 | United Arab Emirates | 8 January 1972[99] |
94 | Qatar | 11 April 1972[100] |
95 | Bahrain | 29 May 1972[101] |
96 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | June 1972[102] |
97 | Oman | 2 January 1973[103] |
98 | Bangladesh | 28 March 1973[104] |
99 | Iceland | 28 March 1973[105] |
100 | Albania | 28 May 1974[106] |
101 | Ireland | 12 December 1974[107] |
102 | Malta | 1 July 1975[108] |
103 | New Zealand | 25 November 1980[109] |
104 | North Korea | 12 February 1981[110] |
105 | South Korea | 12 February 1981[111] |
106 | Vietnam | 12 February 1981[112] |
107 | Djibouti | 11 March 1981[113] |
108 | Maldives | 25 February 1988[114] |
109 | Guatemala | 31 January 1990[115] |
110 | Armenia | 4 March 1992[116] |
111 | Azerbaijan | 28 September 1992[117] |
112 | Ukraine | 14 December 1992[118] |
113 | Slovakia | 1 January 1993[119] |
114 | Lithuania | 18 March 1993[120] |
115 | Georgia | 1 April 1993[121] |
116 | Kazakhstan | 20 April 1993[122] |
117 | Turkmenistan | 6 May 1993[123] |
118 | Slovenia | 29 July 1993[124] |
119 | Eritrea | 3 September 1993[125] |
120 | Brunei | 18 May 1994[126] |
121 | Moldova | 8 June 1994[127] |
122 | Croatia | 5 December 1994[128] |
123 | Guyana | 2 March 1995[114] |
124 | Suriname | 26 April 1995[114] |
125 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 22 June 1995[129] |
126 | South Africa | 18 November 1995[130] |
127 | Belarus | 21 March 1996[131] |
128 | Tajikistan | 21 June 1996[132] |
129 | Angola | 3 July 1996[114] |
130 | Sri Lanka | 7 May 1997[133] |
131 | Latvia | 16 January 1998[134] |
132 | Mongolia | 5 February 1998[135] |
133 | Mozambique | 20 April 1998[114] |
134 | Uzbekistan | 22 October 1998[136] |
135 | Andorra | 24 March 1999[114] |
136 | Liechtenstein | 9 June 2000[137] |
137 | Republic of the Congo | 12 April 2001[138] |
138 | Belize | 29 June 2001[114] |
139 | Estonia | 3 September 2001[139] |
140 | East Timor | April 2005[140] |
141 | Lesotho | 1 September 2005[141] |
142 | Costa Rica | 24 August 2007[114] |
143 | El Salvador | 25 September 2007[114] |
144 | Syria | 15 October 2008[142][143] |
145 | Equatorial Guinea | 21 November 2008[114] |
146 | Montenegro | 4 December 2008[144] |
147 | San Marino | 13 November 2009[114] |
148 | Fiji | 10 October 2010[114] |
— | State of Palestine | 17 August 2011[145] |
149 | South Sudan | 23 May 2014[146] |
150 | Rwanda | 21 April 2017[147] |
151 | Antigua and Barbuda | April 2017[148] |
152 | Madagascar | 5 May 2017[149] |
153 | Kyrgyzstan | 29 June 2017[114] |
154 | Malawi | 18 October 2017[150] |
155 | Monaco | 22 January 2019[151] |
156 | Uganda | 5 March 2019[152] |
157 | Vanuatu | 25 September 2019[153] |
158 | Marshall Islands | 26 September 2019[114] |
159 | Guinea-Bissau | 20 October 2020[154] |
160 | Cape Verde | 20 May 2021[114] |
161 | Zimbabwe | 29 March 2022[114] |
162 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 24 July 2024[114] |
163 | Libya | Unknown |
164 | Tanzania | Unknown |
Bilateral relations
[edit]Africa
[edit]Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Algeria | 18 December 1962 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 December 1962 when has been accredited first Ambassador of Lebanon to Algeria Mr Hussein El Jissr.[79] |
Benin | 27 June 1962 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 June 1962 when first ambassador of Lebanon to Dahomey presented his credentials to President Hubert Maga.[78] |
Cameroon | 1962 | Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1962 when has been accredited Ambassador of Lebanon to Cameroon with residence in Dakar M. Mohamed Ali Hamade.[81] |
Central African Republic | 1966 | Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1966 when has been accredited Ambassador of Lebanon to Central African Republic (resident in Accra) M. Khalil Itani.[92] |
Côte d'Ivoire | 4 October 1961[72] |
Approximately 100,000 people of Lebanese origin reside in Côte d'Ivoire. 21 April 1961 established Embassy of Lebanon in Abidjan
|
Democratic Republic of Congo | June 1972 |
|
Djibouti | 11 March 1981 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 March 1981 when first Ambassador of Lebanon to Djibouti (resident in Khartoum) Mr. Ibrahim Marouche presented his credentials to President M. Hassan Gouled Aptidon.[113] |
Egypt | 30 November 1944 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 November 1944 when was opened Legation of Lebanon in Cairo.[12]
Severed diplomatic relations 26 April 1979, restored 28 June 1989.
|
Ethiopia | 31 July 1949 | 31 July 1949 was accredited first Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Ethiopia to Lebanon Mr. Fitaorari Tafesse Habte Mikael[40]
|
Gabon | 1962 | Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1962 when Ambassador of Lebanon to Gabon M. Mohamed Ali Hamade presented his credentials to President Leon Mba.[75] |
Gambia | 24 May 1965 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 May 1965[89] |
Ghana | 30 March 1959 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 March 1959.[61][62]
|
Guinea | 3 June 1960 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 June 1960 when Lebanese Government appointed its Minister to Liberia to be Minister to Guinea as well.[64]
|
Guinea-Bissau | 20 October 2020 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 October 2020 when Ambassador of Lebanon to Guinea-Bissau Mr. Fadi Zein has presented his credentials to President Ùmaro El Mokhtar Sissoco Embaló.[154] |
Liberia | 1 January 1951 | Both countries established diplomatic relations when Liberian and Lebanese Governments to raise their Consulates General to the status of Legations, and a proclamation was issued announcing that the change would take effect from 1 January 1951.[46] In 1957 both countries raise their Legations to status of Embassies[155] |
Libya | 1955 | |
Malawi | 18 October 2017 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 October 2017 when ambassador of Malawi Mrs. Caroline Bwanali Mussa, has presented his credentials to President of Lebanon Michel Aoun.[150] |
Mali | 9 October 1961 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 October 1961 when first Lebanese Ambassador to Mali (resident in Accra) Dr. Karim Azqul presented his credentials to President Modibo Keita.[74] |
Mauritania | 10 June 1971 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 June 1971[97] |
Morocco |
| |
Niger | 11 March 1962 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 March 1962, when the first Lebanese Ambassador to Niger, Jean Hadji Thomas, presented his credentials to President Hamani Diori[76] |
Nigeria | 8 January 1961 | 8 January 1961 Lebanese Consulate in Lagos was raised to level embassy.[68] Nigeria opened its embassy in Beirut in 1982
|
Rwanda | 21 April 2017 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 April 2017[147] |
Senegal | 22 April 1961 |
Approximately 30,000 people of Lebanese origin reside in Senegal. On22 April 1961, the Lebanese Consulate General in Dakar was raised to level Embassy[69]
|
Sierra Leone | 27 April 1961 |
Approximately 30,000 people of Lebanese origin reside in Sierra Leone. 27 April 1961 Lebanese Consulate General in Freetown was raised to status Embassy[70]
|
Somalia | 6 October 1961 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1961[73] |
South Africa | 18 November 1995 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 November 1995[130]
|
Sudan |
| |
Togo | 7 June 1962 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 June 1962 when first Ambassador of Lebanon to Togo (resident in Dakar) Mr. Mohammed Ali Hamade presented his credentials.[77] |
Tunisia |
|
Americas
[edit]Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Argentina | 22 November 1945[18] | See Argentina–Lebanon relations
|
Bolivia | 28 May 1949 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 May 1949 when has been accredited Charge d'Affaires of Lebanon to Bolivia (resident in Bogota) Mr. Nazih Lahoud.[38][39] |
Brazil | 13 November 1945 | See Brazil–Lebanon relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 November 1945[17]
|
Canada | 26 August 1954[53] | See Canada–Lebanon relations
Canada established diplomatic relations with Lebanon in 1954, when Canada deployed "Envoy Extraordinaire" to Beirut. In 1958, Canada sent its first Ambassador. The Embassy was closed in 1985 and reopened in January 1995. Lebanon opened a consulate in Canada in 1946. A Consulate-General replaced the Consulate in 1949, and an embassy was opened in Ottawa in 1958.
|
Chile | 28 June 1945 | See Chile–Lebanon relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 June 1945.[14][15]
|
Colombia | 29 October 1948 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 October 1948.[37]
|
Costa Rica | 29 July 1952 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 July 1952, but was broke off in May 1984, re-established on 24 August 2007 |
Cuba | 15 June 1960 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 June 1960.[65]
|
Ecuador | 15 September 1948 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 September 1948 when has been accredited Mr. Nazih Lahoud as Minister of Lebanon to Ecuador (Resident in Bogota).[34] |
El Salvador | 29 July 1952 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 July 1952, but broke off diplomatic relations 10 May 1984, re-established 25 September 2007
|
Honduras | 16 January 1951 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 January 1951 when in official note approval was granted for Mr. Joseph Aboukater to serve as Extraordinary Envoy and Minister Plenipotentiary of Lebanon to the Government of Honduras, with residence in Mexico.[47] |
Mexico | 12 June 1945 | See Lebanon–Mexico relations
|
Panama | 30 April 1946 |
|
Paraguay | 12 May 1950 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 May 1950.[43]
|
Trinidad and Tobago | 1963 | Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1963 when has been accredited Ambassador of Lebanon to Trinidad and Tobago (resident in Caracas) M. Halim Shebaya.[87] |
United States | 16 November 1944 | See Lebanon–United States relations
The United States' interaction with Lebanon extends back to events such as the 1958 Lebanon crisis, which it sent in troops to fortify the government's position. Lebanon's southern neighbor, Israel, has also sent troops on several occasions, and attacked into Lebanon in response to Hezbollah kidnapping two Israeli soldiers. A possible source of friction between the U.S. and Lebanon is that most of Israel's weaponry is US-made, arguing possible US complicity in Israel's attacks.
|
Uruguay | 25 October 1945 | See Lebanon–Uruguay relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 October 1945[16]
|
Venezuela | 10 July 1946[167] |
|
Asia
[edit]Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Afghanistan | August 1948 | Both countries established diplomatic relations in August 1948 when has been accredited Minister of Afghanistan to Lebanon (Resident in Bagdad) Mr. Ghulam Yahya Tarzi.[33] |
Armenia | 4 March 1992 | See Armenia–Lebanon relations
The Embassy of Armenia to Lebanon was opened in June 1994. The Embassy of Lebanon was opened in Yerevan in September 1997. Lebanon is host to the eighth largest Armenian population in the world. During the 2006 Lebanon War, Armenia announced that it would send humanitarian aid to Lebanon. According to the Armenian government, an unspecified amount of medicines, tents and fire-fighting equipment was allocated to Lebanese authorities on July 27, 2006.[168][169] On May 11, 2000, the Lebanese parliament voted to recognize the Armenian genocide.[170] Lebanon is the first Arab country and one of the few countries of the world to have done so. |
Azerbaijan | 18 September 1992 | See Azerbaijan–Lebanon relations
|
Bahrain | 29 May 1972 | |
Bangladesh | 28 March 1973 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 March 1973[104] |
China | 9 November 1971 | See China–Lebanon relations
China and Lebanon established diplomatic relations on November 1, 1954 and the embassy in Taipei opened in 1957. Lebanon shifted recognition from the Taipei-based Republic to the People's Republic on 9 November 1971.[98] In June 2020, Lebanon was one of 53 countries that backed the Hong Kong national security law at the United Nations.[171] China opened the first Confucius Institute in the Middle East in Lebanon in 2006.[172] |
India | 15 September 1948 | See India-Lebanon relations |
Indonesia | See Indonesia–Lebanon relations | |
Iran | 21 September 1944 | See Iran–Lebanon relations and Iranian influence in Lebanon
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 September 1944.[8] |
Iraq | 24 February 1944 | See Iraq–Lebanon relations
Both countries established diplomatic relatiobns on 24 February 1944 when first Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Iraq to Lebanon Mr. Tahsin Kadri presented his credentials as first foreign diplomatic representatives, who presented his letters of credentials to President Lebanon Mr.Bechara Khoury.[4] Lebanon and Iraq share the same language and mutual support for each other in conflicts, Lebanon's relations with Iraq have at most times been cold. Issues include the Lebanese Government's strong material and political assistance of Hezbollah and ongoing clashes in Iraq between the Sunnis and Shias. |
Israel | See Israel–Lebanon relations | |
Japan | November 1954 | In 1954 Legation of Japan opened in Lebanon, in 1957 Legation of Lebanon opened in Tokyo. In 1959 both Legations was upgrades to Embassies |
Jordan | 1 October 1946 | See Jordan–Lebanon relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1946 when has been accredited Minister of Transjordan to Lebanon Mr. Mohamed Ali Ajlouni.[25] |
Kazakhstan | 20 April 1993 | |
Kuwait | 27 September 1961[71] |
|
Malaysia | 16 July 1963 | See Lebanon–Malaysia relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 July 1963[84]
|
Pakistan | 15 September 1948 | See Lebanon–Pakistan relations |
Palestine | 17 August 2011 | Lebanon and State of Palestine established diplomatic relations on 17 August 2011 when Palestinian diplomatic representation was raised to level an embassy and opened the Embassy of the State of Palestine to the Republic of Lebanon.[145]
|
Qatar | 11 April 1972 | |
Saudi Arabia | 9 April 1944 | See Lebanon–Saudi Arabia relations |
South Korea | 12 February 1981 | |
Syria | 15 October 2008[143] | See Lebanon–Syria relations 15 October 2008 opened Embassies in both countries
The relationship between these two neighboring countries in Western Asia is complex: Syria has had troops stationed in Lebanon and has exerted political influence in the nation for many years.[176] However, Syria has only officially recognised Lebanon's sovereignty recently.[177] |
Turkey | 8 March 1946 | See Lebanon–Turkey relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 March 1946.[20] |
United Arab Emirates | 8 January 1972 | See Lebanon–United Arab Emirates relations |
Yemen | 1953 | Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1953 when has been accredited Minister of Yemen Embassy in Lebanon Dr. Adnan Tarcici.[51] |
Europe
[edit]Lebanon concluded negotiations on an association agreement with the European Union in late 2001, and both sides initialed the accord in January 2002, the accord becoming known as the EU-Lebanon Association Agreement. The EU-Lebanon Action Plan from January 19, 2007, gave a new impetus to bilateral relations in the framework of the European Neighborhood Policy.
Lebanon is one of the main Mediterranean beneficiaries of community assistance and the EU through its various instruments is Lebanon's leading donor. Starting from 2007 financial support is channeled through the European Neighborhood Policy Instrument. A Lebanon Country Strategy Paper 2007–2013 and a National Indicative Program 2007–2010 have been adopted by the EU. The assistance provided was refocused after the Second Lebanon War to engage in real help for the government and the society in reconstruction and reform of the country.[178]
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Austria | 6 December 1951 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 December 1951 when has been accredited Minister of Austria to Lebanon (resident in Cairo) M. Robert Friedinger-Pranter.[48] |
Belgium | 25 November 1944 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 November 1944 when established Lebanese Legation (Embassy) in Belgium.[11] |
Bulgaria | 19 September 1966 |
|
Croatia |
| |
Denmark | 6 October 1953 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 October 1953 when was accredited first Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Denmark to Lebanon (resident in Cairo) Mr. G. L. Host[50] |
Finland | 21 June 1954 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 June 1954[182] |
France | 25 November 1944 | See France–Lebanon relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 November 1944 when has been appointed Mr. Ahmad Daouk as Minister Plenipotentiary of Lebanon to France. And 25 December 1944 has been opened Lebanese Legation (Embassy) in Paris.[10] In 2007, French President Nicolas Sarkozy ordered ties with Syria to be suspended until proof Damascus was not interfering in the Lebanese political crisis was established.[183] A week after Sarkozy's statement in Cairo, Syrian Foreign Minister Walid al Muallem announced Syria was ceasing their ties with France.[184] "Syria has decided to cease cooperation with France on the Lebanese crisis" said Mouallem. In July 2008, France and Syria decided to open embassies in each other's countries.[185] In April 2009, French and Lebanese officials approved the framework of a security agreement that besides improving bilateral relations include drugs and arms trafficking, illegal immigration and cyber-crime.[186]
|
Germany | 20 May 1953 | See Germany–Lebanon relations
|
Greece | 17 June 1947 | See Greece–Lebanon relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 June 1947, when first Minister of Greece to Lebanon with residence in Cairo M. Georges Triantaphyllidis presented his credentials[29] The relation between both people dates back to early antiquity, with the early trading activities between the ancient Greeks and the Phoenicians. In modern times, Greek-Lebanese bilateral relations are very good at all levels. Greece has an embassy in Beirut and Lebanon has an embassy in Athens. Both countries are members of the Union for the Mediterranean and the Francophonie.
|
Holy See | 17 March 1947 | See Holy See–Lebanon relations
The Holy See has played a major role in the peace negotiations of Lebanon. It has sought to unify Christian factions that were separated after the Lebanese civil war. At the same time, it sought to reduce Christian-Muslim tensions and to preserve Christian communities that have been declining in many parts of Lebanon and elsewhere in the Middle East.
|
Hungary | 30 November 1965 | |
Ireland | 12 December 1974 |
|
Italy | 20 November 1946 | See Italy–Lebanon relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 November 1946 when has been accredited first Charge d'Affaires of Italy to Lebanon Mr. Adolfo Alessandrini.[27] Lebanon opened a legation in 1946, which was transformed into an embassy in 1955.[188] Both countries signed a Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Navigation in 1949.[citation needed] Rome supported the reconstruction of Lebanon after the Taef Agreement.[citation needed] Also, Italian companies, from almost all sectors, operate in Lebanon.[citation needed]
|
Liechtenstein | 9 June 2000 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 June 2000 when accredited first Ambassador of Lebanon to Liechtenstein (resident in Berne) Mr. Samir Hobeica[189] |
Netherlands | 12 October 1950 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 October 1950[44]
|
Poland | 20 October 1956 | 1 August 1944 Lebanon established diplomatic relations with Polish Government in exile in London. On October 20, 1956, the government of Lebanon accepted the initiative of the government of the Polish People's Republic regarding the establishment of diplomatic relations at the level of the deputies, which meant simultaneous withdrawal of the recognition of the Polish government in exile.[190]
|
Romania | 6 January 1965 | See Lebanon–Romania relations
|
Russia | 3 August 1944 | See Lebanon–Russia relations
|
Spain | 5 March 1948 | See Lebanon–Spain relations
|
Sweden | 7 February 1946 |
|
Switzerland | 27 February 1946 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 February 1946 |
Ukraine | 14 December 1992 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 December 1992 |
United Kingdom | 27 March 1942 | Both countries established full diplomatic relations on 27 March 1942, when General Sir Edward Spears of the United Kingdom presented letters of credence to President Naccache of Lebanon[3]
|
Oceania
[edit]Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Australia | 5 February 1967 | 20 February 1967 opened Australian Embassy in Beirut. It was closed in 1984 because of the security situation in Beirut. The Embassy was formally re-opened on 18 July 1995[194]
|
Marshall Islands | 26 September 2019 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 September 2019 |
New Zealand | 25 November 1980 | 25 November 1980 first Lebanese Ambassador to New Zealand with residence in Canberra Mr. Raymond Heneine presented his letters of credentials to Governor General of New Zealand.[109]
|
See also
[edit]- Constitution of Lebanon
- Lebanese diaspora
- Lebanese identity card
- Lebanese nationality law
- Lebanese passport
- List of diplomatic missions in Lebanon
- List of diplomatic missions of Lebanon
- Politics of Lebanon
- Visa policy of Lebanon
- Visa requirements for Lebanese citizens
References and footnotes
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- ^ a b KHOURY Gérard (2004). Sélim Takla 1895-1945. Une contribution à l'indépendance du Liban (in French). Karthala Editions. p. 376.
- ^ KHOURY Gérard. Sélim Takla 1895-1945. Une contribution à l'indépendance du Liban (in French). KARTHALA Editions, 2004. p. 376.
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- ^ a b KHOURY Gérard (2004). Sélim Takla 1895-1945. Une contribution à l'indépendance du Liban (in French). Karthala Editions. p. 390.
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{{cite book}}
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{{cite book}}
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{{cite book}}
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- ^ "Relazioni tra il Libano e l'Italia". L'Ambasciata del Libano in Italia (in Italian). Archived from the original on December 4, 2007. Retrieved October 28, 2023.
- ^ Liechtenstein Country Study Guide - Strategic Information and Developments. Inc. Ibp. 2017. p. 111. ISBN 9781514513644.
- ^ "Poland in Lebanon (Website of the Republic of Poland)".
- ^ a b "Republica Libaneză" (in Romanian). Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved August 10, 2020.
- ^ "History of the Embassy of Ukraine in Lebanon".
- ^ "Unpaid wages taint Lebanons reputation as the embassy closes in Ukraine". LBCIV7. Retrieved September 13, 2023.
- ^ "Australian Embassy Lebanon".
External links
[edit]- 1983 Israel-Lebanon agreement
- Embassy of Lebanon in Washington DC
- Amb. Farid Abboud profile The Washington Diplomat serves the diplomatic community with columns focusing on international news and events.
- EU Neighbourhood Info Centre: Country profile of Jordan Archived January 26, 2017, at the Wayback Machine
Representations of foreign nations in Lebanon