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{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Ernest Moniz
|name = Ernest Moniz
|image = Moniz official portrait standing.jpg
|image = Ernest Moniz official portrait.jpg
|caption =
|office = 13th [[United States Secretary of Energy]]
|office = 13th [[United States Secretary of Energy]]
|president = [[Barack Obama]]
|president = [[Barack Obama]]
Line 15: Line 16:
|term_start1 = October 29, 1997
|term_start1 = October 29, 1997
|term_end1 = January 20, 2001
|term_end1 = January 20, 2001
|predecessor1 = [[Steven Chu]]
|predecessor1 = Steven Chu
|successor1 = [[Robert G. Card]]
|successor1 = [[Robert G. Card]]
|birth_name = Ernest Jeffrey Moniz
|birth_name = Ernest Jeffrey Moniz
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|education = [[Boston College]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]])<br>[[Stanford University]] ([[Master of Science|MS]], [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]])
|education = [[Boston College]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]])<br>[[Stanford University]] ([[Master of Science|MS]], [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]])
}}
}}
'''Ernest Jeffrey Moniz''', [[Order of Prince Henry|GCIH]]<ref name="Presidente recebeu Secretário de Energia norte-americano Ernest Moniz">{{cite news |url=http://www.presidencia.pt/?idc=10&idi=95254 |title=Presidente recebeu Secretário de Energia norte-americano Ernest Moniz |work=[[President of Portugal]] |location= Lisbon |date=July 10, 2015 |access-date=July 10, 2015}}</ref> ({{IPAc-en|m|oʊ|n|iː|z}};<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.inside.iastate.edu/article/2016/04/07/moniz|title = Energy Secretary Moniz will give graduation address|last = Krapfl|first = Anne|date = April 7, 2016|work = Inside Iowa State|publisher = [[Iowa State University]]|access-date = July 31, 2019}}</ref> born December 22, 1944) is an American [[Nuclear physics|nuclear physicist]] and former government official. From May 2013 to January 2017, he served as the 13th [[United States Secretary of Energy]] in the [[Presidency of Barack Obama|Obama Administration]]. Prior to this, Moniz served as Associate Director for Science in the [[Office of Science and Technology Policy]] in the [[Executive Office of the President of the United States]] from 1995 to 1997 and [[Under Secretary of Energy for Energy and Environment|Under Secretary of Energy]] from 1997 to 2001 during the [[Presidency of Bill Clinton|Clinton Administration]]. He is currently the co-chair and CEO of the [[Nuclear Threat Initiative]] (NTI),<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.nti.org/about/leadership-and-staff/ | title=Leadership and Staff|publisher = NTI|access-date= July 3, 2021}}</ref> as well as president and CEO of the Energy Futures Initiative (EFI), a nonprofit organization working on climate and energy technology issues, which he co-founded in 2017.<ref name="EFI">{{cite web|url= https://energyfuturesinitiative.org/news/2017/6/20/ernest-moniz-introduces-the-energy-futures-initiative|title = Ernest Moniz Introduces the Energy Futures Initiative|date = June 21, 2017|publisher = Energy Futures Initiative|access-date= July 3, 2021}}</ref>
'''Ernest Jeffrey Moniz''', [[Order of Prince Henry|GCIH]]<ref name="Presidente recebeu Secretário de Energia norte-americano Ernest Moniz">{{cite news |url=http://www.presidencia.pt/?idc=10&idi=95254 |title=Presidente recebeu Secretário de Energia norte-americano Ernest Moniz |work=[[President of Portugal]] |location= Lisbon |date=July 10, 2015 |access-date=July 10, 2015}}</ref> ({{IPA|pt|muˈniʃ|lang}};<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.inside.iastate.edu/article/2016/04/07/moniz|title = Energy Secretary Moniz will give graduation address|last = Krapfl|first = Anne|date = April 7, 2016|work = Inside Iowa State|publisher = [[Iowa State University]]|access-date = July 31, 2019}}</ref> born December 22, 1944) is an American [[nuclear physicist]] and former government official. From May 2013 to January 2017, he served as the 13th [[United States secretary of energy]] in the [[Obama administration]]. Prior to this, Moniz served as associate director for science in the [[Office of Science and Technology Policy]] in the [[Executive Office of the President of the United States]] from 1995 to 1997 and [[Under Secretary of Energy for Infrastructure|undersecretary of energy]] from 1997 to 2001 during the [[Clinton administration]]. He is currently the co-chair and CEO of the [[Nuclear Threat Initiative]] (NTI),<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.nti.org/about/leadership-and-staff/ | title=Leadership and Staff|publisher = NTI|access-date= July 3, 2021}}</ref> as well as president and CEO of the Energy Futures Initiative (EFI), a nonprofit organization funded by the natural gas industry<ref>{{Cite web |last=McKenna |first=By Phil |date=2024-05-05 |title=Academics and Lawmakers Slam an Industry-Funded Report by a Former Energy Secretary Promoting Natural Gas and LNG |url=https://insideclimatenews.org/news/05052024/ernest-moniz-natural-gas-report-industry-ties-congressional-democrats/ |access-date=2024-12-03 |website=Inside Climate News |language=en-US}}</ref> that works on climate and energy technology issues, which he co-founded in 2017.<ref name="EFI">{{cite web|url= https://energyfuturesinitiative.org/news/2017/6/20/ernest-moniz-introduces-the-energy-futures-initiative|title = Ernest Moniz Introduces the Energy Futures Initiative|date = June 21, 2017|publisher = Energy Futures Initiative|access-date= July 3, 2021}}</ref>


He notably oversaw the production of a MIT Energy Initiative Report, which promoted natural gas as a clean energy source despite since corroborated peer-reviewed research showing methane leaks from natural gas production meant it could have more climate warming potential than coal.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thacker |first=Paul D. |date=2022-09-14 |title=Stealing from the tobacco playbook, fossil fuel companies pour money into elite American universities |url=https://www.bmj.com/content/378/bmj.o2095 |journal=BMJ |language=en |volume=378 |pages=o2095 |doi=10.1136/bmj.o2095 |issn=1756-1833 |pmid=36104039}}</ref> This study was funded by the natural gas and fossil fuel industries.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thacker |first=Paul D. |date=2022-09-14 |title=Stealing from the tobacco playbook, fossil fuel companies pour money into elite American universities |url=https://www.bmj.com/content/378/bmj.o2095 |journal=BMJ |language=en |volume=378 |pages=o2095 |doi=10.1136/bmj.o2095 |issn=1756-1833 |pmid=36104039}}</ref>
⚫
Moniz, who is one of the founding members of [[The Cyprus Institute]], has served at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT) as the [[Cecil Howard Green|Cecil and Ida Green]] Professor of Physics and Engineering Systems, Director of the Energy Initiative and Director of the Laboratory for Energy and the Environment.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://esd.mit.edu/Faculty_Pages/moniz/moniz.htm | title = Faculty & Teaching Staff | publisher =[[MIT Engineering Systems Division]] | author =Massachusetts Institute of Technology | author-link =Massachusetts Institute of Technology | access-date =February 24, 2013}}</ref> Before his appointment as Secretary of Energy, he served in a variety of advisory capacities, including at [[BP]],<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|last=Wald|first=Matthew L.|date=March 29, 2013|title=Nominee for Energy Secretary Lists Assets and Posts|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/30/business/energy-environment/nominee-for-energy-secretary-lists-assets-and-affiliations.html|access-date=September 22, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> [[General Electric]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Elliott|first=Justin|title=Drilling Deeper: The Wealth of Business Connections for Obama's Energy Pick|url=https://www.propublica.org/article/wealth-of-business-connections-ernest-moniz|access-date=September 22, 2020|website=ProPublica}}</ref> and the [[King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center]] in [[Riyadh]], [[Saudi Arabia]].<ref name="auto"/>

⚫
Moniz, who is one of the founding members of [[The Cyprus Institute]], has served at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT) as the [[Cecil Howard Green|Cecil and Ida Green]] professor of physics and engineering systems, director of the Energy Initiative and director of the Laboratory for Energy and the Environment.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://esd.mit.edu/Faculty_Pages/moniz/moniz.htm | title = Faculty & Teaching Staff | publisher =[[MIT Engineering Systems Division]] | author =Massachusetts Institute of Technology | author-link =Massachusetts Institute of Technology | access-date =February 24, 2013}}</ref> Before his appointment as secretary of energy, he served in a variety of advisory capacities, including at [[BP]],<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|last=Wald|first=Matthew L.|date=March 29, 2013|title=Nominee for Energy Secretary Lists Assets and Posts|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/30/business/energy-environment/nominee-for-energy-secretary-lists-assets-and-affiliations.html|access-date=September 22, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> [[General Electric]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Elliott|first=Justin|title=Drilling Deeper: The Wealth of Business Connections for Obama's Energy Pick|url=https://www.propublica.org/article/wealth-of-business-connections-ernest-moniz|access-date=September 22, 2020|website=ProPublica|date=March 20, 2013 }}</ref> and the [[King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center]] in [[Riyadh]], [[Saudi Arabia]].<ref name="auto" />


==Early life and education==
==Early life and education==
Moniz was born in 1944 in [[Fall River, Massachusetts]], the son of Georgina (Pavão) Moniz and Ernest Perry Moniz, both of whom were Portuguese immigrants from [[São Miguel Island]], [[Azores]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://ojornal.com/portuguese-brazilian-news/2013/03/obama-to-name-portuguese-american-scientist-to-head-energy-department/#axzz2Mf74deOw | title =Obama to name Fall River Native to head Energy Department | publisher =ojornal.com | year =2013 | access-date =March 5, 2013}}</ref> He graduated from [[B.M.C. Durfee High School|Durfee High School]] in Fall River, Massachusetts in 1962, where he was a member of the [[National Honor Society]] and was the president of the school's math club.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.southcoasttoday.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19970806/NEWS/308069995&template=printart | title =Durfee grad nominated to energy post | publisher =southcoasttoday.com | author1 =Carol Lee Costa-Crowell |author2=Lurdes da Silva | date =August 6, 1997 | access-date =February 24, 2013}}</ref> After graduating from high school, Moniz attended [[Boston College]], where he received his [[Bachelor of Science]] {{Lang|la|summa cum laude}} in [[physics]]. In 1972, he received his Masters of Science and Doctorate of Philosophy in [[theoretical physics]] from [[Stanford University]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://energy.gov/contributors/dr-ernest-moniz | title =Department of Energy "About Us" | publisher =energy.gov |year =2013 | access-date =December 12, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://gcep.stanford.edu/events/symposium/symposium2005/keynote.html | title =Events GCEP Research Symposium 2005 Keynote Speakers Prof. Freeman Dyson Prof. Ernest Moniz Prof. David Victor | publisher =stanford.edu | year =2005 | access-date =February 24, 2013}}</ref>
Moniz was born in 1944 in [[Fall River, Massachusetts]], the son of Georgina (Pavão) Moniz and Ernest Perry Moniz, both of whom were [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] immigrants from [[São Miguel Island]], [[Azores]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://ojornal.com/portuguese-brazilian-news/2013/03/obama-to-name-portuguese-american-scientist-to-head-energy-department/#axzz2Mf74deOw | title =Obama to name Fall River Native to head Energy Department | publisher =ojornal.com | year =2013 | access-date =March 5, 2013}}</ref> He graduated from [[B.M.C. Durfee High School|Durfee High School]] in Fall River in 1962, where he was a member of the [[National Honor Society]] and was the president of the school's math club.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.southcoasttoday.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19970806/NEWS/308069995&template=printart | title =Durfee grad nominated to energy post | publisher =southcoasttoday.com | author1 =Carol Lee Costa-Crowell |author2=Lurdes da Silva | date =August 6, 1997 | access-date =February 24, 2013}}</ref> After graduating from high school, Moniz attended [[Boston College]], where he received his [[Bachelor of Science]] {{Lang|la|summa cum laude}} in [[physics]]. In 1972, he received his [[Master of Science]] and [[Ph.D.]] degrees in [[theoretical physics]] from [[Stanford University]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://energy.gov/contributors/dr-ernest-moniz | title =Department of Energy "About Us" | publisher =energy.gov |year =2013 | access-date =December 12, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url =http://gcep.stanford.edu/events/symposium/symposium2005/keynote.html | title =Events GCEP Research Symposium 2005 Keynote Speakers Prof. Freeman Dyson Prof. Ernest Moniz Prof. David Victor | publisher =stanford.edu | year =2005 | access-date =February 24, 2013 | archive-date =October 14, 2013 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20131014163411/http://gcep.stanford.edu/events/symposium/symposium2005/keynote.html | url-status =dead }}</ref>


==Career==
==Career==
After graduating from Stanford, Moniz joined the faculty of the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT) in 1973, serving as head of the Department of Physics from 1991 to 1995 and as director of the [[Bates Linear Accelerator]] Center.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://web.mit.edu/ipc/people/faculty/moniz.html | title =Ernest Moniz Professor of Physics and Cecil and Ida Green Distinguished Professor Co-Director of the Laboratory for Energy and the Environment | publisher =mit.edu | access-date =February 24, 2013}}</ref> He co-chairs the MIT research council. He served in the [[Clinton administration]] as Associate Director for Science in the [[Office of Science and Technology Policy]] in the [[Executive Office of the President of the United States|Executive Office of the President]] from 1995 to 1997.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/Energy-Voices/2013/0211/Will-Ernest-Moniz-be-the-next-Energy-secretary | title =Will Ernest Moniz be the next Energy secretary? | newspaper =[[The Christian Science Monitor]] | author =David J. Unger | date =February 11, 2013 | access-date =February 24, 2013}}</ref>
After graduating from Stanford, Moniz joined the faculty of the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT) in 1973, serving as head of the department of physics from 1991 to 1995 and as director of the [[Bates Linear Accelerator]] Center.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://web.mit.edu/ipc/people/faculty/moniz.html | title =Ernest Moniz Professor of Physics and Cecil and Ida Green Distinguished Professor Co-Director of the Laboratory for Energy and the Environment | publisher =mit.edu | access-date =February 24, 2013}}</ref> He co-chairs the MIT research council. He served in the [[Clinton administration]] as associate director for science in the [[Office of Science and Technology Policy]] in the [[Executive Office of the President of the United States|Executive Office of the President]] from 1995 to 1997.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/Energy-Voices/2013/0211/Will-Ernest-Moniz-be-the-next-Energy-secretary | title =Will Ernest Moniz be the next Energy secretary? | newspaper =[[The Christian Science Monitor]] | author =David J. Unger | date =February 11, 2013 | access-date =February 24, 2013}}</ref>


Moniz worked in the [[United States Department of Energy]], serving as Under Secretary of Energy from 1997 to 2001.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationaljournal.com/energy/who-is-ernest-moniz-obama-s-likely-pick-for-energy-secretary-20130221 |title=Who Is Ernest Moniz, Obama's Likely Pick for Energy Secretary? |work=nationaljournal.com |author=Niraj Chokshi |date=February 21, 2013 |access-date=February 24, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130224071809/http://www.nationaljournal.com/energy/who-is-ernest-moniz-obama-s-likely-pick-for-energy-secretary-20130221 |archive-date=February 24, 2013 }}</ref> Moniz was one of the founding members of [[The Cyprus Institute]] in 2005, where he and other scholars undertook the coordination, research and planning of the project. In 2013, he received the title of [[Doctor Honoris Causa]] from the [[Universidad Pontificia Comillas de Madrid]] as a recognition of his research on energy policies and technologies.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://web.upcomillas.es/noticias/noticia.aspx?ID=1347 | title =Ernest Moniz, Ministro de Energía de EE.UU., nuevo doctor honoris causa por Comillas | publisher =comillas.edu | year =2013 | access-date =April 5, 2015}}</ref>
Moniz worked in the [[United States Department of Energy]], serving as undersecretary of energy from 1997 to 2001.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationaljournal.com/energy/who-is-ernest-moniz-obama-s-likely-pick-for-energy-secretary-20130221 |title=Who Is Ernest Moniz, Obama's Likely Pick for Energy Secretary? |work=nationaljournal.com |author=Niraj Chokshi |date=February 21, 2013 |access-date=February 24, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130224071809/http://www.nationaljournal.com/energy/who-is-ernest-moniz-obama-s-likely-pick-for-energy-secretary-20130221 |archive-date=February 24, 2013 }}</ref> Moniz was one of the founding members of [[The Cyprus Institute]] in 2005, where he and other scholars undertook the coordination, research and planning of the project. In 2013, he received the honorary degree ''[[Doctor Honoris Causa]]'' from the [[Universidad Pontificia Comillas de Madrid]] in recognition of his research on energy policies and technologies.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://web.upcomillas.es/noticias/noticia.aspx?ID=1347 | title =Ernest Moniz, Ministro de Energía de EE.UU., nuevo doctor honoris causa por Comillas | publisher =comillas.edu | year =2013 | access-date =April 5, 2015}}</ref>


===U.S. Secretary of Energy (2013–2017)===
===U.S. Secretary of Energy (2013–2017)===
[[File:Secretary of Energy Visits Israel Secretary of Energy Visits Israel (25666388634).jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Moniz on visit to Israel with [[Daniel Zajfman]] (center), President of the [[Weizmann Institute]]]]
[[File:Secretary of Energy Visits Israel Secretary of Energy Visits Israel (25666388634).jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Moniz on visit to Israel with [[Daniel Zajfman]] (center), president of the [[Weizmann Institute]]]]
On May 16, 2013, his appointment was confirmed on a 97–0 vote by the Senate.<ref name="weiner">{{cite news|last=Weiner|first=Rachel|date=May 16, 2013|title=Ernest Moniz confirmed as Energy secretary|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2013/05/16/ernest-moniz-confirmed-as-energy-secretary/|access-date=May 16, 2013}}</ref> He succeeded [[Steven Chu]] as Secretary of Energy. Moniz was sworn in as Energy Secretary on May 21, 2013 by Deputy Energy Secretary [[Daniel Poneman]].
On May 16, 2013, his appointment was confirmed on a 97–0 vote by the Senate.<ref name="weiner">{{cite news|last=Weiner|first=Rachel|date=May 16, 2013|title=Ernest Moniz confirmed as Energy secretary|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2013/05/16/ernest-moniz-confirmed-as-energy-secretary/|access-date=May 16, 2013}}</ref> He succeeded [[Steven Chu]] as secretary of energy. Moniz was sworn in as energy secretary on May 21, 2013 by deputy energy secretary [[Daniel Poneman]].
[[File:Hirofumi Shimomura and Ernest Moniz 20131031 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Moniz with Japanese Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology [[Hakubun Shimomura]] in 2013]]
[[File:Hirofumi Shimomura and Ernest Moniz 20131031 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Moniz with Japanese minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology [[Hakubun Shimomura]] in 2013]]
Secretary Moniz played a crucial role in negotiations toward a [[comprehensive agreement on the Iranian nuclear program]], directly negotiating technical details with the Iranian atomic energy minister [[Ali Akbar Salehi]], an MIT graduate, and reassuring President Obama that concessions important to the Iranians would not pose a major threat.<ref>{{cite news|title=An Iran Nuclear Deal Built on Coffee, All-Nighters and Compromise|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/04/world/middleeast/an-iran-nuclear-deal-built-on-coffee-all-nighters-and-compromise.html?_r=0|work=The New York Times}}</ref> The comprehensive agreement between Iran and the so-called "P5+1" (which includes the 5 permanent members of the UN Security Council, plus Germany and a representative from the European Union) was finalized on July 14, 2015, to much fanfare and criticism.<ref>{{cite news|title=Iran nuclear deal shifts tectonic plates in the Middle East|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/7/14/iran-nuclear-deal-shifts-mideast-tectonic-plates.html|publisher=Aljazeera America}}</ref>
Moniz played a crucial role in negotiations toward a [[comprehensive agreement on the Iranian nuclear program]], directly negotiating technical details with the Iranian atomic energy minister [[Ali Akbar Salehi]], an MIT graduate, and reassuring President Obama that concessions important to the Iranians would not pose a major threat.<ref>{{cite news|title=An Iran Nuclear Deal Built on Coffee, All-Nighters and Compromise|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/04/world/middleeast/an-iran-nuclear-deal-built-on-coffee-all-nighters-and-compromise.html?_r=0|work=The New York Times| date=April 4, 2015 | last1=Sanger | first1=David E. | last2=Gordon | first2=Michael R. }}</ref> The comprehensive agreement between Iran and the so-called "P5+1" (which includes the 5 permanent members of the UN Security Council, plus Germany and a representative from the European Union) was finalized on July 14, 2015, to much fanfare and criticism.<ref>{{cite news|title=Iran nuclear deal shifts tectonic plates in the Middle East|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/7/14/iran-nuclear-deal-shifts-mideast-tectonic-plates.html|publisher=Aljazeera America}}</ref>

Some environmental advocacy groups opposed Moniz' nomination due to his support for [[nuclear power]] and [[fracking]] as a "bridge fuel" to ease the transition away from [[Coal-fired power station|coal energy]]. Others opposed him because he had previously served on the board of a number of energy companies like [[BP]] and [[ICF International|ICF]], although Obama noted that he had nominated Moniz in part specifically because of his track record of working with industry.<ref name=":0" />


=== Career after office ===
=== Career after office ===
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In 2018, Moniz was hired by the government of [[Saudi Arabia]] to serve as member of the global advisory board of the [[Neom]] project, a $500 billion planned megacity in the [[Tabuk Region]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Geronimo|first=Adelle|date=October 11, 2018|title=Saudi Arabia reveals big tech names as part of NEOM global advisory board|url=https://www.tahawultech.com/region/saudi-arabia/saudi-arabia-reveals-big-tech-names-as-part-of-neom-global-advisory-board/|access-date=September 24, 2020|website=TahawulTech.com|language=en-GB}}</ref>
In 2018, Moniz was hired by the government of [[Saudi Arabia]] to serve as member of the global advisory board of the [[Neom]] project, a $500 billion planned megacity in the [[Tabuk Region]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Geronimo|first=Adelle|date=October 11, 2018|title=Saudi Arabia reveals big tech names as part of NEOM global advisory board|url=https://www.tahawultech.com/region/saudi-arabia/saudi-arabia-reveals-big-tech-names-as-part-of-neom-global-advisory-board/|access-date=September 24, 2020|website=TahawulTech.com|language=en-GB}}</ref>


In November 2020, Moniz was named a candidate for [[Secretary of Energy]] in the [[Biden Administration]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Who Are Contenders for Biden's Cabinet? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/11/us/politics/biden-cabinet.html?action=click&module=Top%20Stories&pgtype=Homepage |access-date=November 11, 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=November 11, 2020}}</ref> However, former [[Governor of Michigan]] [[Jennifer Granholm]] was chosen instead.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pager |first1=Tyler |last2=Colman |first2=Zack |title=Biden to tap former Michigan Gov. Granholm to lead Energy Department |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/12/15/biden-to-tap-former-michigan-gov-granholm-to-lead-energy-department-445782 |access-date=December 16, 2020 |publisher=POLITICO |date=December 16, 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
In November 2020, Moniz was named a candidate for energy secretary in the [[Biden Administration]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Who Are Contenders for Biden's Cabinet? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/11/us/politics/biden-cabinet.html?action=click&module=Top%20Stories&pgtype=Homepage |access-date=November 11, 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=November 11, 2020}}</ref> However, former governor of Michigan [[Jennifer Granholm]] was chosen instead.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pager |first1=Tyler |last2=Colman |first2=Zack |title=Biden to tap former Michigan Gov. Granholm to lead Energy Department |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/12/15/biden-to-tap-former-michigan-gov-granholm-to-lead-energy-department-445782 |access-date=December 16, 2020 |publisher=POLITICO |date=December 16, 2020 |language=en}}</ref>


In June 2023, he was again awarded a [[Doctor Honoris Causa]] honorary degree, now from the [[University of the Azores]], in the [[Azores]], [[Portugal]], in recognition of Moniz's "unique professional, political, civic and cultural career [as] a remarkable personality who has made important contributions in the exercise of positions and functions of high responsibility and impact at international level".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://noticias.uac.pt/uac-atribui-o-titulo-de-doutor-honoris-causa-a-ernest-moniz/|title=UAc atribui o título de Doutor Honoris Causa a Ernest Moniz|website=noticias.uac.pt|accessdate=23 June 2024}}</ref>
==Criticism==

Moniz has been criticized by [[environmentalists]] for his ties to the oil and gas industries.<ref>{{Cite web|date=March 28, 2013|title=Energy secretary nominee Ernest Moniz has deep ties to oil, gas, and nuclear industries|url=https://grist.org/climate-energy/ernest-moniz-energy-secretary-nominee-has-deep-ties-to-oil-gas-and-nuclear-industries/|access-date=September 25, 2020|website=Grist|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=September 1, 2020|title=145 Progressive Groups Urge Biden to Shun Fossil Fuel Execs and Lobbyists|url=https://www.ecowatch.com/biden-fossil-fuels-lobbyists-2647424918.html|access-date=September 24, 2020|website=EcoWatch|language=en}}</ref> During his career, Moniz has served on the advisory boards for [[BP]], one of the largest oil and gas companies, and [[General Electric]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Energy Nominee Ernest Moniz Criticized for Backing Fracking & Nuclear Power; Ties to BP, GE, Saudis|url=http://www.democracynow.org/2013/3/26/energy_nominee_ernest_moniz_criticized_for|access-date=September 25, 2020|website=Democracy Now!|language=en}}</ref> Prior to his appointment as Secretary of Energy, Moniz served as a trustee of the King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center in Saudi Arabia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/291083-energy-nominee-moniz-details-bp-ties-and-other-affiliations|title=Energy nominee Moniz details ties to BP|first=Ben|last=Geman|date=March 30, 2013|website=TheHill}}</ref>


==Honors==
==Honors==

*[[File:Order of Makarios III (Cyprus) - ribbon bar.gif|60px]] Grand Cross of the [[Order of Makarios III]], [[Cyprus]]
[[File:José Manuel Bolieiro awards the Autonomic Commendation of Recognition to Ernest Moniz.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|José Manuel Bolieiro, President of the [[Regional Government of the Azores]], awards the Autonomic Commendation of Recognition to Ernest Moniz]]
*[[File:PRT Order of Prince Henry - Grand Cross BAR.png|60px]] Grand Cross of the [[Order of Prince Henry]], [[Portugal]], 2015

*[[File:JPN Kyokujitsu-sho 1Class BAR.svg|60px|ribbon bar]] Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Rising Sun]], [[Japan]], 2017
*[[File:CYP Order of Makarios III ribbon.svg|60px]] Grand Cross of the [[Order of Makarios III]], [[Cyprus]], 2008<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cyi.ac.cy/index.php/in-focus/us-energy-secretary-and-cyis-honorary-trustee-prof-ernest-moniz-received-the-distinguished-merit-award-by-the-cyprus-us-chamber-of-commerce.html|title=US Energy Secretary and CyI’s Honorary Trustee, Prof. Ernest Moniz received the Distinguished Merit Award by the Cyprus – US Chamber of Commerce|website=www.cyi.ac.cy|accessdate=22 June 2024}}</ref>
*Fellow, [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]

*Fellow, [[American Physical Society]]
*[[File:PRT Order of Prince Henry - Grand Cross BAR.svg|60px]] Grand Cross of the [[Order of Prince Henry]], [[Portugal]], 2015<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://anibalcavacosilva.arquivo.presidencia.pt/?idc=10&idi=93476&idl=2|title=Decorations attributed on the National Day of Portugal by the President of the Republic to individualities from the Portuguese Communities and to foreign citizens|website=anibalcavacosilva.arquivo.presidencia.pt/|accessdate=22 June 2024}}</ref>
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*Member, [[American Philosophical Society]], 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amphilsoc.org/blog/american-philosophical-society-welcomes-new-members-2020|title=The American Philosophical Society Welcomes New Members for 2020|website=American Philosophical Society}}</ref>

*[[File:JPN Kyokujitsu-sho 1Class BAR.svg|60px|ribbon bar]] Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Rising Sun]], [[Japan]], 2017<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.us.emb-japan.go.jp/english/html/pressreleases/2017/order-of-the-rising-sun-moniz.html|title=2017 Autumn Conferment of Decoration Secretary Ernest J. Moniz|website=www.us.emb-japan.go.jp|accessdate=9 July 2023}}</ref>
*[[Doctor Honoris Causa]], [[Universidad Pontificia Comillas de Madrid]], [[Spain]], 2013<ref>{{cite web | url=http://web.upcomillas.es/noticias/noticia.aspx?ID=1347 | title =Ernest Moniz, Ministro de Energía de EE.UU., nuevo doctor honoris causa por Comillas | publisher =comillas.edu | year =2013 | access-date =April 5, 2015}}</ref>
*[[Doctor Honoris Causa]], [[University of the Azores]], [[Azores]], [[Portugal]], 2023<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://noticias.uac.pt/uac-atribui-o-titulo-de-doutor-honoris-causa-a-ernest-moniz/|title=UAc atribui o título de Doutor Honoris Causa a Ernest Moniz|website=noticias.uac.pt|accessdate=23 June 2024}}</ref>
*Fellow, [[American Physical Society]], [[USA]], 1989<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://physics.mit.edu/faculty/ernest-moniz/|title=Ernest J. Moniz|website=physics.mit.edu/|accessdate=22 June 2024}}</ref>
*Fellow, [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], [[USA]], 2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amacad.org/news/moniz-award|title=Ernest J. Moniz Named Inaugural Recipient of Award for Excellence in Public Policy and Public Affairs|website=www.amacad.org/|accessdate=22 June 2024}}</ref>
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*Member, [[American Philosophical Society]], [[USA]], 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amphilsoc.org/blog/american-philosophical-society-welcomes-new-members-2020|title=The American Philosophical Society Welcomes New Members for 2020|website=www.amphilsoc.org/|accessdate=22 June 2024}}</ref>
*Autonomic Commendation of Recognition from the Regional Government of the Azores, [[Azores]], [[Portugal]], 2023<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://portaldaacorianidade.azores.gov.pt/en/jose-manuel-bolieiro-awards-the-autonomic-commendation-of-recognition-to-ernest-moniz|title=José Manuel Bolieiro awards the Autonomic Commendation of Recognition to Ernest Moniz|website=portaldaacorianidade.azores.gov.pt/|accessdate=22 June 2024}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
Line 72: Line 83:
*[https://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo38607 Moniz Nomination: Hearing before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, to Consider the Nomination of Dr. Ernest Moniz to be the Secretary of Energy, April 9, 2013]
*[https://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo38607 Moniz Nomination: Hearing before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, to Consider the Nomination of Dr. Ernest Moniz to be the Secretary of Energy, April 9, 2013]
*[http://energy.gov/contributors/dr-ernest-moniz Dr. Ernest Moniz] at the [[United States Department of Energy]]
*[http://energy.gov/contributors/dr-ernest-moniz Dr. Ernest Moniz] at the [[United States Department of Energy]]
*{{C-SPAN|ernestmoniz}}
*{{C-SPAN|46476}}
*[http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/136544/ernest-moniz/why-we-still-need-nuclear-power "Why We Still Need Nuclear Power", Making Clean Energy Safe and Affordable] by Ernest Moniz in November/December 2011 [[Foreign Affairs]]
*[http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/136544/ernest-moniz/why-we-still-need-nuclear-power "Why We Still Need Nuclear Power", Making Clean Energy Safe and Affordable] by Ernest Moniz in November/December 2011 [[Foreign Affairs]]


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{{s-aft|after=[[Rick Perry]]}}
{{s-prec|usa}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Sally Jewell]]|as=Former US Cabinet Member}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[United States order of precedence|Order of precedence of the United States]]<br>''{{small|as Former US Cabinet Member}}''|years=}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Penny Pritzker]]|as=Former US Cabinet Member}}
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{{Obama cabinet}}
{{Obama cabinet}}
{{United States Secretaries of Energy}}
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[[Category:American people of Portuguese descent]]
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[[Category:American people of Azorean descent]]
[[Category:American people of Azorean descent]]
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[[Category:Stanford University alumni]]
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[[Category:United States Secretaries of Energy]]
[[Category:United States secretaries of energy]]
[[Category:Members of the American Philosophical Society]]
[[Category:Members of the American Philosophical Society]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Physical Society]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Physical Society]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]
[[Category:B.M.C. Durfee High School alumni]]
[[Category:B.M.C. Durfee High School alumni]]
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[[Category:21st-century United States government officials]]

Latest revision as of 01:21, 22 December 2024

Ernest Moniz
13th United States Secretary of Energy
In office
May 21, 2013 – January 20, 2017
PresidentBarack Obama
DeputyDaniel Poneman
Elizabeth Sherwood-Randall
Preceded bySteven Chu
Succeeded byRick Perry
Under Secretary of Energy for Energy and Environment
In office
October 29, 1997 – January 20, 2001
PresidentBill Clinton
Preceded bySteven Chu
Succeeded byRobert G. Card
Personal details
Born
Ernest Jeffrey Moniz

(1944-12-22) December 22, 1944 (age 80)
Fall River, Massachusetts, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
SpouseNaomi Moniz
EducationBoston College (BS)
Stanford University (MS, PhD)
Signature

Ernest Jeffrey Moniz, GCIH[1] (Portuguese: [muˈniʃ];[2] born December 22, 1944) is an American nuclear physicist and former government official. From May 2013 to January 2017, he served as the 13th United States secretary of energy in the Obama administration. Prior to this, Moniz served as associate director for science in the Office of Science and Technology Policy in the Executive Office of the President of the United States from 1995 to 1997 and undersecretary of energy from 1997 to 2001 during the Clinton administration. He is currently the co-chair and CEO of the Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI),[3] as well as president and CEO of the Energy Futures Initiative (EFI), a nonprofit organization funded by the natural gas industry[4] that works on climate and energy technology issues, which he co-founded in 2017.[5]

He notably oversaw the production of a MIT Energy Initiative Report, which promoted natural gas as a clean energy source despite since corroborated peer-reviewed research showing methane leaks from natural gas production meant it could have more climate warming potential than coal.[6] This study was funded by the natural gas and fossil fuel industries.[7]

Moniz, who is one of the founding members of The Cyprus Institute, has served at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) as the Cecil and Ida Green professor of physics and engineering systems, director of the Energy Initiative and director of the Laboratory for Energy and the Environment.[8] Before his appointment as secretary of energy, he served in a variety of advisory capacities, including at BP,[9] General Electric[10] and the King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.[9]

Early life and education

[edit]

Moniz was born in 1944 in Fall River, Massachusetts, the son of Georgina (Pavão) Moniz and Ernest Perry Moniz, both of whom were Portuguese immigrants from São Miguel Island, Azores.[11] He graduated from Durfee High School in Fall River in 1962, where he was a member of the National Honor Society and was the president of the school's math club.[12] After graduating from high school, Moniz attended Boston College, where he received his Bachelor of Science summa cum laude in physics. In 1972, he received his Master of Science and Ph.D. degrees in theoretical physics from Stanford University.[13][14]

Career

[edit]

After graduating from Stanford, Moniz joined the faculty of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1973, serving as head of the department of physics from 1991 to 1995 and as director of the Bates Linear Accelerator Center.[15] He co-chairs the MIT research council. He served in the Clinton administration as associate director for science in the Office of Science and Technology Policy in the Executive Office of the President from 1995 to 1997.[16]

Moniz worked in the United States Department of Energy, serving as undersecretary of energy from 1997 to 2001.[17] Moniz was one of the founding members of The Cyprus Institute in 2005, where he and other scholars undertook the coordination, research and planning of the project. In 2013, he received the honorary degree Doctor Honoris Causa from the Universidad Pontificia Comillas de Madrid in recognition of his research on energy policies and technologies.[18]

U.S. Secretary of Energy (2013–2017)

[edit]
Moniz on visit to Israel with Daniel Zajfman (center), president of the Weizmann Institute

On May 16, 2013, his appointment was confirmed on a 97–0 vote by the Senate.[19] He succeeded Steven Chu as secretary of energy. Moniz was sworn in as energy secretary on May 21, 2013 by deputy energy secretary Daniel Poneman.

Moniz with Japanese minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Hakubun Shimomura in 2013

Moniz played a crucial role in negotiations toward a comprehensive agreement on the Iranian nuclear program, directly negotiating technical details with the Iranian atomic energy minister Ali Akbar Salehi, an MIT graduate, and reassuring President Obama that concessions important to the Iranians would not pose a major threat.[20] The comprehensive agreement between Iran and the so-called "P5+1" (which includes the 5 permanent members of the UN Security Council, plus Germany and a representative from the European Union) was finalized on July 14, 2015, to much fanfare and criticism.[21]

Some environmental advocacy groups opposed Moniz' nomination due to his support for nuclear power and fracking as a "bridge fuel" to ease the transition away from coal energy. Others opposed him because he had previously served on the board of a number of energy companies like BP and ICF, although Obama noted that he had nominated Moniz in part specifically because of his track record of working with industry.[10]

Career after office

[edit]

In June 2017, Moniz became co-chairman and chief executive officer of the Nuclear Threat Initiative, a nonpartisan, nonprofit organization working to prevent catastrophic attacks with weapons of mass destruction and disruption—nuclear, biological, radiological and cyber.[22] He also founded a nonprofit organization called the Energy Futures Initiative, where he has promoted the concept of a "Green Real Deal" as a "practical, science-based" solution to climate change.[5][23] The concept attracted praise in the media from The New York Times columnist Thomas Friedman and criticism from Greenpeace USA.[24][25]

In 2018, Moniz was hired by the government of Saudi Arabia to serve as member of the global advisory board of the Neom project, a $500 billion planned megacity in the Tabuk Region.[26]

In November 2020, Moniz was named a candidate for energy secretary in the Biden Administration.[27] However, former governor of Michigan Jennifer Granholm was chosen instead.[28]

In June 2023, he was again awarded a Doctor Honoris Causa honorary degree, now from the University of the Azores, in the Azores, Portugal, in recognition of Moniz's "unique professional, political, civic and cultural career [as] a remarkable personality who has made important contributions in the exercise of positions and functions of high responsibility and impact at international level".[29]

Honors

[edit]
José Manuel Bolieiro, President of the Regional Government of the Azores, awards the Autonomic Commendation of Recognition to Ernest Moniz

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Presidente recebeu Secretário de Energia norte-americano Ernest Moniz". President of Portugal. Lisbon. July 10, 2015. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
  2. ^ Krapfl, Anne (April 7, 2016). "Energy Secretary Moniz will give graduation address". Inside Iowa State. Iowa State University. Retrieved July 31, 2019.
  3. ^ "Leadership and Staff". NTI. Retrieved July 3, 2021.
  4. ^ McKenna, By Phil (May 5, 2024). "Academics and Lawmakers Slam an Industry-Funded Report by a Former Energy Secretary Promoting Natural Gas and LNG". Inside Climate News. Retrieved December 3, 2024.
  5. ^ a b "Ernest Moniz Introduces the Energy Futures Initiative". Energy Futures Initiative. June 21, 2017. Retrieved July 3, 2021.
  6. ^ Thacker, Paul D. (September 14, 2022). "Stealing from the tobacco playbook, fossil fuel companies pour money into elite American universities". BMJ. 378: o2095. doi:10.1136/bmj.o2095. ISSN 1756-1833. PMID 36104039.
  7. ^ Thacker, Paul D. (September 14, 2022). "Stealing from the tobacco playbook, fossil fuel companies pour money into elite American universities". BMJ. 378: o2095. doi:10.1136/bmj.o2095. ISSN 1756-1833. PMID 36104039.
  8. ^ Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Faculty & Teaching Staff". MIT Engineering Systems Division. Retrieved February 24, 2013.
  9. ^ a b Wald, Matthew L. (March 29, 2013). "Nominee for Energy Secretary Lists Assets and Posts". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 22, 2020.
  10. ^ a b Elliott, Justin (March 20, 2013). "Drilling Deeper: The Wealth of Business Connections for Obama's Energy Pick". ProPublica. Retrieved September 22, 2020.
  11. ^ "Obama to name Fall River Native to head Energy Department". ojornal.com. 2013. Retrieved March 5, 2013.
  12. ^ Carol Lee Costa-Crowell; Lurdes da Silva (August 6, 1997). "Durfee grad nominated to energy post". southcoasttoday.com. Retrieved February 24, 2013.
  13. ^ "Department of Energy "About Us"". energy.gov. 2013. Retrieved December 12, 2013.
  14. ^ "Events GCEP Research Symposium 2005 Keynote Speakers Prof. Freeman Dyson Prof. Ernest Moniz Prof. David Victor". stanford.edu. 2005. Archived from the original on October 14, 2013. Retrieved February 24, 2013.
  15. ^ "Ernest Moniz Professor of Physics and Cecil and Ida Green Distinguished Professor Co-Director of the Laboratory for Energy and the Environment". mit.edu. Retrieved February 24, 2013.
  16. ^ David J. Unger (February 11, 2013). "Will Ernest Moniz be the next Energy secretary?". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved February 24, 2013.
  17. ^ Niraj Chokshi (February 21, 2013). "Who Is Ernest Moniz, Obama's Likely Pick for Energy Secretary?". nationaljournal.com. Archived from the original on February 24, 2013. Retrieved February 24, 2013.
  18. ^ "Ernest Moniz, Ministro de Energía de EE.UU., nuevo doctor honoris causa por Comillas". comillas.edu. 2013. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
  19. ^ Weiner, Rachel (May 16, 2013). "Ernest Moniz confirmed as Energy secretary". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 16, 2013.
  20. ^ Sanger, David E.; Gordon, Michael R. (April 4, 2015). "An Iran Nuclear Deal Built on Coffee, All-Nighters and Compromise". The New York Times.
  21. ^ "Iran nuclear deal shifts tectonic plates in the Middle East". Aljazeera America.
  22. ^ "Ernest J. Moniz Named New CEO of NTI | NTI News". www.nti.org. Retrieved June 8, 2017.
  23. ^ "The Green Real Deal". www.energyfuturesinitiative.org. Retrieved July 1, 2021.
  24. ^ "Trump Mocks Climate Change. That's a Key to Defeating Him". The New York Times. April 9, 2019. Retrieved July 3, 2021.
  25. ^ "Greenpeace Urges Joe Biden to Reject Ernest Moniz and Choose Climate Champions for Cabinet". Greenpeace. November 16, 2020. Retrieved July 2, 2021.
  26. ^ Geronimo, Adelle (October 11, 2018). "Saudi Arabia reveals big tech names as part of NEOM global advisory board". TahawulTech.com. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
  27. ^ "Who Are Contenders for Biden's Cabinet?". The New York Times. November 11, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
  28. ^ Pager, Tyler; Colman, Zack (December 16, 2020). "Biden to tap former Michigan Gov. Granholm to lead Energy Department". POLITICO. Retrieved December 16, 2020.
  29. ^ "UAc atribui o título de Doutor Honoris Causa a Ernest Moniz". noticias.uac.pt. Retrieved June 23, 2024.
  30. ^ "US Energy Secretary and CyI's Honorary Trustee, Prof. Ernest Moniz received the Distinguished Merit Award by the Cyprus – US Chamber of Commerce". www.cyi.ac.cy. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
  31. ^ "Decorations attributed on the National Day of Portugal by the President of the Republic to individualities from the Portuguese Communities and to foreign citizens". anibalcavacosilva.arquivo.presidencia.pt/. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
  32. ^ "2017 Autumn Conferment of Decoration Secretary Ernest J. Moniz". www.us.emb-japan.go.jp. Retrieved July 9, 2023.
  33. ^ "Ernest Moniz, Ministro de Energía de EE.UU., nuevo doctor honoris causa por Comillas". comillas.edu. 2013. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
  34. ^ "UAc atribui o título de Doutor Honoris Causa a Ernest Moniz". noticias.uac.pt. Retrieved June 23, 2024.
  35. ^ "Ernest J. Moniz". physics.mit.edu/. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
  36. ^ "Ernest J. Moniz Named Inaugural Recipient of Award for Excellence in Public Policy and Public Affairs". www.amacad.org/. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
  37. ^ "The American Philosophical Society Welcomes New Members for 2020". www.amphilsoc.org/. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
  38. ^ "José Manuel Bolieiro awards the Autonomic Commendation of Recognition to Ernest Moniz". portaldaacorianidade.azores.gov.pt/. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
[edit]
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Preceded by United States Secretary of Energy
2013–2017 		Succeeded by
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded byas Former US Cabinet Member Order of precedence of the United States
as Former US Cabinet Member 		Succeeded byas Former US Cabinet Member
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