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{{Short description|North Korean surgeon (born 1916)}}
{{use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{family name hatnote|Kim||lang=Korean}}
{{family name hatnote|Kim||lang=Korean}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| name = Kim Bong-han
| name = Kim Bong-han
| native_name =
| native_name =
|native_name_lang =
| native_name_lang =
| image = Briefmarke-Kim-Bong-Han.png
| image = Kim Bong Ham, Kryungrak presentation 1963 or 1964.jpg
| alt =
| alt =
| caption = 1964 stamp of Kim Bong-han
| caption = Kim Bong-han in 1963
| birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name -->
| birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name -->
| birth_date = 1916
| birth_date = {{Birth date text|1916}}
| birth_place =
| birth_place =
⚫
| disappeared_date = 1966 (aged 49–50)
| death_date =
| death_place =
| disappeared_place =
| nationality = [[North Korea]]
| disappeared_status = [[Missing person|Missing]]
| other_names =
| nationality = North Korea
| occupation =
| other_names =
⚫
| occupation =
| years_active = 1946–1966
| known_for =
| years_active = 1946–1966
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| awards = [[People's Prize]]
| notable_works =
| alma_mater = [[Seoul National University]]
| awards = [[People's Prize]]
| party = [[Korea Democratic Party]] (former)
| alma_mater = [[Seoul National University]]
| party = [[Korea Democratic Party]] (former)
⚫
| module =
{{Infobox Korean name
| module = {{Infobox Korean name
| hangul = {{linktext|김|봉한}}
| hangul = 김봉한
| hanja =
| hanja =
| rr = Gim Bonghan
| rr = Gim Bonghan
| mr = Kim Bong-han
| mr = Kim Ponghan
| koreanipa =
| koreanipa =
| context = north
| context = north
| child = yes
| child = yes
}}
}}
|module2={{Infobox person
|child=yes
⚫
|disappeared_date=1966 (aged about 50)
|disappeared_place=
|disappeared_status={{missing for|1966}}
}}
}}
⚫
'''Kim Bong-han''' ({{Korean|hangul=김봉한|context=north}}; born 1916) was a North Korean medical surgeon at [[Pyongyang Medical University]] and Kyung-Rak institute (KRI). He is primarily known for his research on a proposed mechanism for [[acupuncture]] that was not accepted by the mainstream medical community,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Li|first1=Q.|title=Vicissitude and enlightenment of Bonghan theory|journal=Zhongguo Zhen Jiu|date=Mar 2011|volume=31|issue=3|pages=263–8|pmid=21644320}}</ref> the [[primo-vascular system]].<ref name="SBM" /> He received the [[People's Prize]] for his research. The primo-vascular system was claimed to be scientifically confirmed in 2002,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Chikly|first1=Bruno|last2=Roberts|first2=Paul|last3=Quaghebeur|first3=Jörgen|title=Primo Vascular System: A Unique Biological System Shifting a Medical Paradigm|journal=The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association|date=1 January 2016|volume=116|issue=1|pages=12–21|doi=10.7556/jaoa.2016.002|pmid=26745560|language=en|issn=0098-6151|doi-access=free}}</ref> but the matter remains controversial. In 1966, the Kyung-Rak institute was closed and Kim disappeared.
}}

⚫
'''Kim Bong-han''' ({{Korean|hangul=김봉한|context=north}}; born 1916) was a North Korean medical surgeon at [[Pyongyang Medical University]] and Kyung-Rak institute (KRI). He is primarily known for his research on a proposed mechanism for acupuncture that was not accepted by the mainstream medical community<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Li|first1=Q.|title=Vicissitude and enlightenment of Bonghan theory|journal=Zhongguo Zhen Jiu|date=Mar 2011|volume=31|issue=3|pages=263–8|pmid=21644320}}</ref> that has come to be called the "primo-vascular system".<ref name="SBM" /> He received the [[People's Prize]] for his research. The primo vascular system was claimed to be scientifically confirmed in 2002,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Chikly|first1=Bruno|last2=Roberts|first2=Paul|last3=Quaghebeur|first3=Jörgen|title=Primo Vascular System: A Unique Biological System Shifting a Medical Paradigm|journal=The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association|date=1 January 2016|volume=116|issue=1|pages=12–21|doi=10.7556/jaoa.2016.002|pmid=26745560|language=en|issn=0098-6151|doi-access=free}}</ref> but the matter remains controversial. In 1966 the Kyung-Rak institute was closed, and Kim disappeared.


==Early life and education==
==Early life and education==
Line 46: Line 40:


==Primo-vascular system==
==Primo-vascular system==
⚫
Kim claimed the existence of the ''Chin-Lo'', ''Kyungrak'', or ''Bonghan'' system, a system of pathways which he proposed form a basis for [[Acupuncture|acupuncture points]] and [[Meridian (Chinese medicine)|meridians]]. In 2010, South Korean researchers recognized the same system as the "primo-vascular system".<ref name="LuNeedham2012"/><ref name="Bischko1978">{{cite book|author=Johannes Bischko|title=An introduction to acupuncture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=24k4AQAAIAAJ|date=1 January 1978|publisher=Haug|isbn=978-3-7760-0506-6|page=24}}</ref> There is credible scientific evidence that these structures exist.<ref name="SBM">{{Cite web |url=https://ocm.auburn.edu/newsroom/news_articles/2016/12/auburn-scientist-discovers-microstructure-of-primo-vascular-system.php |title=Auburn scientist discovers microstructure of primo-vascular system, revealing possible foundation of how acupuncture works |website=[[Auburn University]] |date=December 2016 |language=en-US |access-date=2024-02-29}}</ref>


⚫
While working as director of North Korea's Kyung-Rak institute (KRI) from 1962 to 1965, Kim published five articles in the ''Journal of Jo Sun Medicine'', about acupuncture, the Kyungrak system, and the "Sanal" theory. These articles form the basis of the proposed primo-vascular system, which attracted some interest as late as in the early 2010s.<ref name="kim"/><ref>{{cite book|author1=Kwang-Sup Soh|author2=Kyung A. Kang|author3=David K. Harrison|title=The Primo Vascular System: Its Role in Cancer and Regeneration: proceedings from the first International Symposium on Primo Vascular System 2010 (ISPS 2010), with special topics on cancer and regeneration, which was held in Jecheon, Korea during September 17 to 18, 2010. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H2vzeIkg-jcC&pg=PA4|date=4 November 2011|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4614-0601-3|pages=7–17}}</ref>
⚫
Kim claimed the existence of the ''Chin-Lo'' or ''Kyungrak'' system, a system of pathways which he proposed form a basis for [[acupuncture points]] and [[Meridian (Chinese medicine)|meridians]], which he also called the "primo-vascular system".<ref name="LuNeedham2012"/><ref name="Bischko1978">{{cite book|author=Johannes Bischko|title=An introduction to acupuncture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=24k4AQAAIAAJ|date=1 January 1978|publisher=Haug|isbn=978-3-7760-0506-6|page=24}}</ref> There is no credible evidence that these structures exist.<ref name="SBM">{{Cite web |url=https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/the-primo-vascular-system-the-n-rays-of-acupuncture/ |title=The Primo Vascular System: The N-rays of Acupuncture? |website=[[Science-Based Medicine]] |language=en-US |access-date=2019-10-15}}</ref>


⚫
The [[Government of North Korea|North Korean government]] supported Kim's research by supplying his team with various analytical instruments such as [[microscope]]s and [[radioactive tracer]]s, most of which were imported from [[Eastern Europe]].<ref name="nk1"/> He was awarded the [[People's Prize]] for his work on 2 February 1962.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kim|first=Bong-han|chapter=Editor's Note|title=Great Discovery in Biology and Medicine: Substance of Kyungrak|year=1962|publisher=[[Foreign Languages Publishing House (North Korea)|Foreign Languages Publishing House]]|location=Pyongyang|page=4}}</ref> Kim's book ''On the Kyungrak system'' was originally simultaneously published in Korean and Chinese languages in 1963.<ref name="LuNeedham2012">{{cite book|author1=Gwei-Djen Lu|author2=Joseph Needham|title=Celestial Lancets: A History and Rationale of Acupuncture and Moxa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WOcLBtm0NHcC&pg=PA364|date=12 November 2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-61255-8|page=364}}</ref>
⚫
While working as director of [[North Korea]]'s Kyung-Rak institute (KRI) from 1962 to 1965, Kim published five articles in the ''Journal of Jo Sun Medicine'', about [[acupuncture]], the Kyungrak system, and the "Sanal" theory. These articles form the basis of the proposed primo-vascular system, which attracted some interest as late as in the early 2010s.<ref name="kim"/><ref>{{cite book|author1=Kwang-Sup Soh|author2=Kyung A. Kang|author3=David K. Harrison|title=The Primo Vascular System: Its Role in Cancer and Regeneration: proceedings from the first International Symposium on Primo Vascular System 2010 (ISPS 2010), with special topics on cancer and regeneration, which was held in Jecheon, Korea during September 17-18, 2010. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H2vzeIkg-jcC&pg=PA4|date=4 November 2011|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4614-0601-3|pages=7–17}}</ref>

⚫
The [[North Korean government]] supported Kim's research by supplying his team with various analytical instruments such as [[microscope]]s and [[radioactive tracer]]s, most of which were imported from [[Eastern Europe]].<ref name="nk1"/> He was awarded the [[People's Prize]] for his work on 2 February 1962.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kim|first=Bong-han|chapter=Editor's Note|title=Great Discovery in Biology and Medicine: Substance of Kyungrak|year=1962|publisher=Foreign Languages Publishing House|location=Pyongyang|page=4}}</ref> Kim's book ''On the Kyungrak system'' was originally simultaneously published in Korean and Chinese languages in 1963.<ref name="LuNeedham2012">{{cite book|author1=Gwei-Djen Lu|author2=Joseph Needham|title=Celestial Lancets: A History and Rationale of Acupuncture and Moxa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WOcLBtm0NHcC&pg=PA364|date=12 November 2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-61255-8|page=364}}</ref>


==Disappearance==
==Disappearance==
⚫
In 1966, the Kyung-Rak research institute was shut down. {{As of|2011}}, Kim's whereabouts thereafter remain unknown.<ref name="kim"/>

⚫
In 1966, the Kyung-Rak research institute was shut down. {{As of|2011}}, Kim has not been found.<ref name="kim"/>


==Works==
==Works==
*{{cite book|last=Kim|first=Bong-han|title=Great discovery in biology and medicine : substance of Kyungrak.|year=1962|publisher=Foreign Languages Publishing House|location=Pyongyang|url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/34665618?selectedversion=NBD8845171|oclc=500017964}}
* {{cite book|last=Kim|first=Bong-han|title=Great discovery in biology and medicine : substance of Kyungrak.|year=1962|publisher=[[Foreign Languages Publishing House (North Korea)|Foreign Languages Publishing House]]|location=Pyongyang|url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/34665618?selectedversion=NBD8845171|oclc=500017964}}
*{{cite book|last=Kim|first=Bong-han|author-mask=1|title=On the Kyungrak system.|year=1964|publisher=Foreign Languages Publishing House|location=Pyongyang|url=https://archive.org/details/HanKimBong.OnTheKyungrakSystem1964|oclc=299812660}}
* {{cite book|last=Kim|first=Bong-han|author-mask=1|title=On the Kyungrak system.|year=1964|publisher=[[Foreign Languages Publishing House (North Korea)|Foreign Languages Publishing House]]|location=Pyongyang|url=https://archive.org/details/HanKimBong.OnTheKyungrakSystem1964|oclc=299812660}}
*{{cite book|last=Kim|first=Pon-han|author-mask=1|title=Kyungrak System and Theory of Sanal|year=1965|publisher=Medical Science Press|location=Pyongyang|oclc=1136998725}}
* {{cite book|last=Kim|first=Pon-han|author-mask=1|title=Kyungrak System and Theory of Sanal|year=1965|publisher=Medical Science Press|location=Pyongyang|oclc=1136998725}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Kim|first1=Bong-Han|author-mask=1|title=Developmental and Comparative Biological Study of Primo Vascular System|journal=Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies|volume=5|issue=5|year=2012|pages=248–255|issn=20052901|doi=10.1016/j.jams.2012.07.016}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Kim|first1=Bong-Han|author-mask=1|title=Developmental and Comparative Biological Study of Primo Vascular System|journal=Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies|volume=5|issue=5|year=2012|pages=248–255|issn=2005-2901|doi=10.1016/j.jams.2012.07.016|pmid=23040106 |doi-access=free}}


==See also==
==See also==
*[[List of people who disappeared mysteriously: pre-1970|List of people who disappeared]]
* [[List of people who disappeared mysteriously: 1910–1990|List of people who disappeared]]
*[[Traditional Korean medicine]]
* [[Traditional Korean medicine]]


==References==
==References==
Line 71: Line 63:


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
* {{cite journal|last=Rose-Neil|first=Sidney|title=The work of Professor Kim Bong Han|journal=Acupuncturist|volume=1|year=1967|pages=15-19}}
* {{cite journal|last=Rose-Neil|first=Sidney|title=The work of Professor Kim Bong Han|journal=Acupuncturist|volume=1|year=1967|pages=15–19}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Stefanov|first1=Miroslav|title=Critical Review and Comments on B.H. Kim's Work on the Primo Vascular System|journal=Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies|volume=5|issue=5|year=2012|pages=241–247|issn=20052901|doi=10.1016/j.jams.2012.07.008}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Stefanov|first1=Miroslav|title=Critical Review and Comments on B.H. Kim's Work on the Primo Vascular System|journal=Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies|volume=5|issue=5|year=2012|pages=241–247|issn=2005-2901|doi=10.1016/j.jams.2012.07.008|pmid=23040105 |doi-access=free}}


{{portal bar|Biography|North Korea}}
{{portal bar|Biography|North Korea}}
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[[Category:Possibly living people]]
[[Category:Possibly living people]]
[[Category:Date of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Date of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing]]
[[Category:1960s missing person cases]]
[[Category:1960s missing person cases]]
[[Category:20th-century North Korean scientists]]
[[Category:20th-century North Korean scientists]]

Latest revision as of 01:51, 22 December 2024

In this Korean name, the family name is Kim.
Kim Bong-han
Kim Bong-han in 1963
Born1916 (1916)
Disappeared1966 (aged 49–50)
StatusMissing
NationalityNorth Korea
Alma materSeoul National University
Years active1946–1966
Political partyKorea Democratic Party (former)
AwardsPeople's Prize
Korean name
Chosŏn'gŭl
김봉한
Revised RomanizationGim Bonghan
McCune–ReischauerKim Ponghan

Kim Bong-han (Korean: 김봉한; born 1916) was a North Korean medical surgeon at Pyongyang Medical University and Kyung-Rak institute (KRI). He is primarily known for his research on a proposed mechanism for acupuncture that was not accepted by the mainstream medical community,[1] the primo-vascular system.[2] He received the People's Prize for his research. The primo-vascular system was claimed to be scientifically confirmed in 2002,[3] but the matter remains controversial. In 1966, the Kyung-Rak institute was closed and Kim disappeared.

Early life and education

[edit]

Kim Bong-han was born in 1916.[4] He obtained his medical degree from Seoul National University in 1946.[4] After the Korean War broke out, Kim, who was a physiologist based in South Korea, crossed over to North Korea,[5] leaving his family behind.[6] Prior to his arrival in North Korea, Kim was affiliated with the Korea Democratic Party.[6]

Primo-vascular system

[edit]

Kim claimed the existence of the Chin-Lo, Kyungrak, or Bonghan system, a system of pathways which he proposed form a basis for acupuncture points and meridians. In 2010, South Korean researchers recognized the same system as the "primo-vascular system".[7][8] There is credible scientific evidence that these structures exist.[2]

While working as director of North Korea's Kyung-Rak institute (KRI) from 1962 to 1965, Kim published five articles in the Journal of Jo Sun Medicine, about acupuncture, the Kyungrak system, and the "Sanal" theory. These articles form the basis of the proposed primo-vascular system, which attracted some interest as late as in the early 2010s.[4][9]

The North Korean government supported Kim's research by supplying his team with various analytical instruments such as microscopes and radioactive tracers, most of which were imported from Eastern Europe.[6] He was awarded the People's Prize for his work on 2 February 1962.[10] Kim's book On the Kyungrak system was originally simultaneously published in Korean and Chinese languages in 1963.[7]

Disappearance

[edit]

In 1966, the Kyung-Rak research institute was shut down. As of 2011, Kim's whereabouts thereafter remain unknown.[4]

Works

[edit]
  • Kim, Bong-han (1962). Great discovery in biology and medicine : substance of Kyungrak. Pyongyang: Foreign Languages Publishing House. OCLC 500017964.
  • — (1964). On the Kyungrak system. Pyongyang: Foreign Languages Publishing House. OCLC 299812660.
  • — (1965). Kyungrak System and Theory of Sanal. Pyongyang: Medical Science Press. OCLC 1136998725.
  • — (2012). "Developmental and Comparative Biological Study of Primo Vascular System". Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies. 5 (5): 248–255. doi:10.1016/j.jams.2012.07.016. ISSN 2005-2901. PMID 23040106.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Li, Q. (March 2011). "Vicissitude and enlightenment of Bonghan theory". Zhongguo Zhen Jiu. 31 (3): 263–8. PMID 21644320.
  2. ^ a b "Auburn scientist discovers microstructure of primo-vascular system, revealing possible foundation of how acupuncture works". Auburn University. December 2016. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  3. ^ Chikly, Bruno; Roberts, Paul; Quaghebeur, Jörgen (1 January 2016). "Primo Vascular System: A Unique Biological System Shifting a Medical Paradigm". The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association. 116 (1): 12–21. doi:10.7556/jaoa.2016.002. ISSN 0098-6151. PMID 26745560.
  4. ^ a b c d Kwang-Sup Soh; Kyung A. Kang; David K. Harrison (4 November 2011). The Primo Vascular System: Its Role in Cancer and Regeneration. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 3–5. ISBN 978-1-4614-0601-3.
  5. ^ Kim, Hoon-Gi (2013). "Formative Research on the Primo Vascular System and Acceptance by the Korean Scientific Community: The Gap Between Creative Basic Science and Practical Convergence Technology". Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies. 6 (6): 319–30. doi:10.1016/j.jams.2013.04.001. PMID 24290796.
  6. ^ a b c Kang, Kyung Aih (2013). "Historical Observations on the Half-Century Freeze in Research between the Bonghan System and the Primo Vascular System". Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies. 6 (6): 285–92. doi:10.1016/j.jams.2013.07.004. PMID 24290792.
  7. ^ a b Gwei-Djen Lu; Joseph Needham (12 November 2012). Celestial Lancets: A History and Rationale of Acupuncture and Moxa. Routledge. p. 364. ISBN 978-1-136-61255-8.
  8. ^ Johannes Bischko (1 January 1978). An introduction to acupuncture. Haug. p. 24. ISBN 978-3-7760-0506-6.
  9. ^ Kwang-Sup Soh; Kyung A. Kang; David K. Harrison (4 November 2011). The Primo Vascular System: Its Role in Cancer and Regeneration: proceedings from the first International Symposium on Primo Vascular System 2010 (ISPS 2010), with special topics on cancer and regeneration, which was held in Jecheon, Korea during September 17 to 18, 2010. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 7–17. ISBN 978-1-4614-0601-3.
  10. ^ Kim, Bong-han (1962). "Editor's Note". Great Discovery in Biology and Medicine: Substance of Kyungrak. Pyongyang: Foreign Languages Publishing House. p. 4.

Further reading

[edit]
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