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{{Use American English|date=November 2024}}
{{Short description|Family of military training aircraft}}
{{Short description|US military trainer aircraft}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2008}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
{{Infobox aircraft
|name= BT-13 Valiant
|name= BT-13 Valiant
|image= File:Vultee BT-13A-VU Valiant ‘018 - 41-21178’ (N27003) (50905401288).jpg
|image= File:Vultee BT-13A-VU Valiant ‘018 - 41-21178’ (N27003) (50905401288).jpg
|caption= A restored Vultee BT-13 over an Airshow in Dallas, 2019
|caption= A restored Vultee BT-13 over an Airshow in Dallas, 2019
}}{{Infobox aircraft type
|type= Trainer
|type= Trainer
|manufacturer= [[Vultee Aircraft]]
|manufacturer= [[Vultee Aircraft]]
|first flight= March 1939
|first_flight= March 1939
|introduced = June 1940
|introduction = June 1940
|primary user= [[United States Army Air Forces]]
|primary_user= [[United States Army Air Forces]]
|more users= [[United States Navy]]
|more_users= [[United States Navy]]
|number built= 9,525
|number_built= 9,525
}}
}}
|}


The '''Vultee BT-13 Valiant''' is an American [[World War II]]-era basic (a category between primary and advanced) [[trainer aircraft]] built by [[Vultee Aircraft]] for the [[United States Army Air Corps]], and later [[US Army Air Forces]]. A subsequent variant of the BT-13 in USAAC/USAAF service was known as the '''BT-15 Valiant''', while an identical version for the [[US Navy]] was known as the '''SNV''' and was used to train [[naval aviator]]s for the US Navy and its sister services, the [[US Marine Corps]] and [[US Coast Guard]].<ref name="vultees_bt13_1972_08_airbum">Davisson, Budd: [http://airbum.com/pireps/PirepBT-13.html "Vultee's BT-13 Pilot Maker: Good vibrations from the Vultee Vibrator"] (aircraft review and pilot report), August 1972, ''Air Progress,'' retrieved January 11, 2023 from Airbum.com]</ref>
The '''Vultee BT-13 Valiant''' is an American [[World War II]]-era basic (a category between primary and advanced) [[trainer aircraft]] built by [[Vultee Aircraft]] for the [[United States Army Air Corps]], and later [[US Army Air Forces]]. A subsequent variant of the BT-13 in USAAC/USAAF service was known as the '''BT-15 Valiant''', while an identical version for the [[US Navy]] was known as the '''SNV''' and was used to train [[naval aviator]]s for the US Navy and its sister services, the [[US Marine Corps]] and [[US Coast Guard]].<ref name="vultees_bt13_1972_08_airbum">Davisson, Budd: [http://airbum.com/pireps/PirepBT-13.html "Vultee's BT-13 Pilot Maker: Good vibrations from the Vultee Vibrator"] (aircraft review and pilot report), August 1972, ''Air Progress,'' retrieved 11 January 2023 from Airbum.com</ref>


==Design and development==
==Design and development==
[[File:Vultee BC-3 prototype in flight c1940.jpg|thumb|Vultee BC-3 prototype in flight]]
[[File:Vultee BC-3 prototype in flight c1940.jpg|thumb|Vultee BC-3 prototype in flight]]
According to Jonathan Thompson, "The three trainer designs that shared their basic engineering with the [[Vultee P-66 Vanguard|Vanguard fighter]] were all promoted under the same name, Valiant. The prototypes had consectutive serial numbers 139, 140 and 141 and made their first flights in the Spring and Summer of 1939. While similar in appearance, they were distinct in purpose and performance, and only one of them succeeded in winning a production contract. This turned out to be six [[United States Army Air Corps|AC]] contracts with three supplements, eventually amounting to 11,526 aircraft, plus twelve ordered by Peru, for a total of 11,538."<ref name="jt">{{cite book |last1=Thompson |first1=Jonathan |title=Vultee Aircraft 1932-1947 |publisher=Narkiewicz//Thompson |location=Santa Ana |isbn=0913322024 |pages=66-99}}</ref>
According to Jonathan Thompson, "The three trainer designs that shared their basic engineering with the [[Vultee P-66 Vanguard|Vanguard fighter]] were all promoted under the same name, Valiant. The prototypes had consectutive serial numbers 139, 140 and 141 and made their first flights in the Spring and Summer of 1939. While similar in appearance, they were distinct in purpose and performance, and only one of them succeeded in winning a production contract. This turned out to be six [[United States Army Air Corps|AC]] contracts with three supplements, eventually amounting to 11,526 aircraft, plus twelve ordered by Peru, for a total of 11,538."<ref name="jt">{{cite book |last1=Thompson |first1=Jonathan |title=Vultee Aircraft 1932-1947 |publisher=Narkiewicz//Thompson |location=Santa Ana |isbn=0913322024 |pages=66–99}}</ref>


On 24 March, the Vultee '''BC-51''' advanced trainer first flew, but lost out in competition to the [[North American AT-6]]. The Air Corps did accept the Vultee BC-51 though, designating it as the BC-3 after some upgrades in the Spring of 1940. On 9 June, Vultee model 54 advanced trainer first flew. Its original 450-hp [[Wright Whirlwind]] was eventually replaced with a [[R-1340]]. On 28 July, the Vultee model 54A first flew. According to Thompson, "A Basic Trainer, similar to the model 54 except for its fixed landing gear and P&W [[R-985]] engine, it struck pay dirt. In August the USAAC selected it for volume production as the BT-13. which became the standard type for the category throughout World War II."<ref name=jt/><ref name="wegg p158">Wegg 1990, p. 158.</ref>
On 24 March, the Vultee '''BC-51''' advanced trainer first flew, but lost out in competition to the [[North American AT-6]]. The Air Corps did accept the Vultee BC-51 though, designating it as the BC-3 after some upgrades in the Spring of 1940. On 9 June, Vultee model 54 advanced trainer first flew. Its original 450-hp [[Wright Whirlwind]] was eventually replaced with a [[R-1340]]. On 28 July, the Vultee model 54A first flew. According to Thompson, "A Basic Trainer, similar to the model 54 except for its fixed landing gear and P&W [[R-985]] engine, it struck pay dirt. In August the USAAC selected it for volume production as the BT-13. which became the standard type for the category throughout World War II."<ref name=jt/><ref name="wegg p158">Wegg 1990, p. 158.</ref>


The Vultee '''BT-13''' was the basic trainer flown by most American pilots during World War II. It was the second phase of the three phase training program for pilots. After primary training in [[PT-13]], [[PT-17]], or [[PT-19]] trainers, the student pilot moved to the more complex Vultee for continued flight training. The BT-13 had a more powerful engine and was faster and heavier than the primary trainer. It required the student pilot to use two way radio communications with the ground and to operate [[Flap (aircraft)|landing flaps]] and a two-position [[Hamilton Standard]] [[Variable-pitch propeller (aeronautics)|controllable-pitch propeller]] (or, more commonly, a [[constant-speed propeller]]<ref name="vultees_bt13_1972_08_airbum" />).
The Vultee '''BT-13''' was the basic trainer flown by most American pilots during World War II. It was the second phase of the three phase training program for pilots. After primary training in [[PT-13]], [[PT-17]], or [[PT-19]] trainers, the student pilot moved to the more complex Vultee for continued flight training. The BT-13 had a more powerful engine and was faster and heavier than the primary trainer. It required the student pilot to use two way radio communications with the ground and to operate [[Flap (aircraft)|landing flaps]] and a two-position [[Hamilton Standard]] [[Variable-pitch propeller (aeronautics)|controllable-pitch propeller]] (or, more commonly, a [[constant-speed propeller]]<ref name="vultees_bt13_1972_08_airbum" />).


Due to the demand for this aircraft, and others which used the same [[Pratt & Whitney]] engine, some were equipped with [[Wright Aeronautical|Wright]] powerplants of similar size and power built in 1941–42. The Wright-equipped aircraft were designated '''BT-15'''.<ref name="vultees_bt13_1972_08_airbum" />
The BT-13A dispensed with the landing gear fairings. Due to the demand for this aircraft, and others which used the same [[Pratt & Whitney]] engine, some were equipped with [[Wright Aeronautical|Wright]] powerplants of similar size and power built in 1941–42. The Wright-equipped aircraft were designated '''BT-15'''.<ref name="vultees_bt13_1972_08_airbum" /> The BT-15B had a 24-volt electrical system.<ref name=jt/>


The Navy adopted the P&W powered aircraft as their main basic trainer, designating it the '''SNV'''. The BT-13 production run outnumbered all other Basic Trainer (BT) types produced.<ref>{{citation | last = Herman | first = Arthur | title = Freedom's Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War II | pages = 203, 262–3 | publisher = Random House | location = New York, NY | date = 2012 | isbn = 978-1-4000-6964-4}}</ref><ref>{{citation | last = Borth | first = Christy | title = Masters of Mass Production | pages = 251-252 | publisher = Bobbs-Merrill Co. | location = Indianapolis, IN | date = 1945 }}</ref>
The Navy adopted the P&W powered aircraft as their main basic trainer, designating it the '''SNV'''. The BT-13 production run outnumbered all other Basic Trainer (BT) types produced.<ref>{{citation | last = Herman | first = Arthur | title = Freedom's Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War II | pages = 203, 262–3 | publisher = Random House | location = New York, NY | date = 2012 | isbn = 978-1-4000-6964-4}}</ref><ref>{{citation | last = Borth | first = Christy | title = Masters of Mass Production | pages = 251–252 | publisher = Bobbs-Merrill Co. | location = Indianapolis, IN | date = 1945 }}</ref>


[[File:Vultee BT-13A on runway at Minter Field (00910460 147).jpg|thumb|Vultee BT-13 on runway at [[Shafter Airport|Minter Field]], California, 1 March 1943]]
[[File:Vultee BT-13A on runway at Minter Field (00910460 147).jpg|thumb|Vultee BT-13 on runway at [[Shafter Airport|Minter Field]], California, 1 March 1943]]


According to Thompson, "Because of Vultee's outstanding production achievement, as well as the service's accelerated training programs, the huge pilot requirements were met by mid-1943 and the last Valiants were built in mid-1944. Except for resonances in various flight modes that earned it the nickname 'Vibrator,' the Valiant's simplicity and effectiveness caused it to be taken for granted, and practically forgotten after all of them were sold at war's end."<ref name=jt/>
The '''BT-13A''' was produced to the extent of 7,037 aircraft and differed only in the substitution of a [[Pratt & Whitney R-985]]-AN-1 radial engine, and deletion of the landing gear fairings. 1,125 units designated '''BT-13B''' were then produced; they differed from the A model in replacing the 12v electrical system with a 24v system.


The BT-13 was not without its faults. Some had been built with plywood tailcones and [[empennage]]s, which did not always remain firmly aligned with the aircraft.<ref name="vultees_bt13_1972_08_airbum" />
Once in service, the aircraft quickly got its nickname of "Vibrator." There are several explanations given for this nickname. 1: Because it had a tendency to shake quite violently as it approached its stall speed. 2. During more adventurous maneuvers the canopy vibrated. 3. On takeoff, the aircraft caused windows on the ground to vibrate. 4. The two-position propeller had an irritating vibration in high pitch. The '''BT-13''' served its intended purpose well. It and its successors were unforgiving aircraft to fly, but were also extremely agile. Thus the '''BT-13''' made a good aircraft to help transition many hundreds of pilots toward their advanced trainers and fighters yet to be mastered.


Thompson states, "Most of the 5137 Valiants sold in the United States by the [[War Assets Administration]], [[Reconstruction Finance Corporation]] and other agencies went for $450, a mere $1/hp, to cropdusters who wanted only the R-985 and R-975 engines."<ref name=jt/>
The BT-13 was not without its faults. Some had been built with plywood tailcones and [[empennage]]s, which did not always remain firmly aligned with the aircraft.<ref name="vultees_bt13_1972_08_airbum" /> The tail was held on with only three bolts and after several in-flight failures, the Navy restricted the aircraft from aerobatic and violent maneuvers. The Navy declared the SNV obsolete in May 1945 and replaced it in the basic training role with the SNJ (T-6). The Army also replaced the BT-13 with the AT-6 before the end of the war.

After World War II, virtually all were sold as surplus for a few hundred dollars each. Many were purchased just to obtain their engines, which were mounted on surplus biplanes (such as [[Boeing-Stearman Model 75|Stearman]]s) to replace their less powerful engines for use as cropdusters. The BT airframes were then scrapped. Several others were modified as multi-passenger civilian aircraft; one as the "Viceroy" and at least two others by a different firm. Today, some "BT's" (collectively, BT-13s, BT-15s and SNVs) are still flying, though in very limited numbers (and none in military or government service).


==Variants==
==Variants==
[[File:164 (FACH Vultee BT-13B).jpg|thumb|BT-13B]]
[[File:Vultee BT-15.jpg|thumb|BT-15]]
[[File:Vultee BT-15.jpg|thumb|BT-15]]
[[File:Vultee SNV-2.jpg|thumb|SNV-2]]
[[File:Vultee SNV-2.jpg|thumb|SNV-2]]
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[[File:Cavanaugh Flight Museum December 2019 09 (Vultee SNV-2 Valiant).jpg|thumb|Vultee SNV-2 Valiant at the [[Cavanaugh Flight Museum]]]]
[[File:Cavanaugh Flight Museum December 2019 09 (Vultee SNV-2 Valiant).jpg|thumb|Vultee SNV-2 Valiant at the [[Cavanaugh Flight Museum]]]]


* 3022 – SNV-1 on static display at Main Campus of the [[Kalamazoo Air Zoo]] in [[Kalamazoo, Michigan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Vultee BT-13A/SNV-1 Valiant|url=http://www.airzoo.org/page.php?page_id=144|website=Air Zoo|publisher=Air Zoo|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Vultee SNV-1 Valiant, s/n 03022 USN, c/n 3183|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=6683|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref>
* 3022 – SNV-1 on static display at Main Campus of the [[Kalamazoo Air Zoo]] in [[Kalamazoo, Michigan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Vultee BT-13A/SNV-1 Valiant|url=http://www.airzoo.org/page.php?page_id=144|website=Air Zoo|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Vultee SNV-1 Valiant, s/n 03022 USN, c/n 3183|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=6683|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref>
* 156739 – SNV-1 airworthy at the [[Estrella Warbirds Museum]] in [[Paso Robles, California]].<ref>{{cite web|title=1941 Vultee SNV-1 (BT13-A) Vibrator|url=http://www.ewarbirds.org/vulteeSNV.html|website=Estrella Warbirds Museum|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Vultee BT-13A Valiant, c/r N56319|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=25049|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N56319]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N56319|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref>
* 156739 – SNV-1 airworthy at the [[Estrella Warbirds Museum]] in [[Paso Robles, California]].<ref>{{cite web|title=1941 Vultee SNV-1 (BT13-A) Vibrator|url=http://www.ewarbirds.org/vulteeSNV.html|website=Estrella Warbirds Museum|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Vultee BT-13A Valiant, c/r N56319|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=25049|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N56319]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N56319|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref>
* 41-10418 – BT-13A on static display at the [[Combat Air Museum]] in [[Topeka, Kansas]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Vultee Aircraft, Inc. BT-13A "Valiant" N93BT (USAAF S/N 41-10418) |url=http://www.combatairmuseum.org/aircraft/vultee2.html |website=Combat Air Museum |access-date=2 August 2021}}</ref>
* 41-10418 – BT-13A on static display at the [[Combat Air Museum]] in [[Topeka, Kansas]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Vultee Aircraft, Inc. BT-13A "Valiant" N93BT (USAAF S/N 41-10418) |url=http://www.combatairmuseum.org/aircraft/vultee2.html |website=Combat Air Museum |access-date=2 August 2021}}</ref>
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* 41-11355 – BT-13A on static display at the [[National Naval Aviation Museum]] in [[Pensacola, Florida]]. It is painted as an SNV-1.<ref>{{cite web|title=SNV VALIANT|url=http://www.navalaviationmuseum.org/attractions/aircraft-exhibits/item/?item=snv_valiant|website=National Naval Aviation Museum|publisher=Naval Aviation Museum Foundation|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 41-11355 USAAF, c/n 74-2365, c/r N60828|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=29076|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=26 September 2017}}</ref>
* 41-11355 – BT-13A on static display at the [[National Naval Aviation Museum]] in [[Pensacola, Florida]]. It is painted as an SNV-1.<ref>{{cite web|title=SNV VALIANT|url=http://www.navalaviationmuseum.org/attractions/aircraft-exhibits/item/?item=snv_valiant|website=National Naval Aviation Museum|publisher=Naval Aviation Museum Foundation|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 41-11355 USAAF, c/n 74-2365, c/r N60828|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=29076|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=26 September 2017}}</ref>
* 41-11538 – BT-13A airworthy with the [[Commemorative Air Force]] Minnesota Wing in [[South St. Paul, Minnesota]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Vultee BT-13 Valiant|url=http://www.cafmn.org/vultee-bt-13-valiant.html|website=Commemorative Air Force Minnesota Wing|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 41-11538 USAAF, c/r N52411|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=26851|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N52411]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N52411|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref>
* 41-11538 – BT-13A airworthy with the [[Commemorative Air Force]] Minnesota Wing in [[South St. Paul, Minnesota]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Vultee BT-13 Valiant|url=http://www.cafmn.org/vultee-bt-13-valiant.html|website=Commemorative Air Force Minnesota Wing|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 41-11538 USAAF, c/r N52411|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=26851|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N52411]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N52411|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref>
* 41-11584 – BT-13A on static display at the [[Combat Air Museum]] in [[Topeka, Kansas]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Vultee BT-13A Valiant|url=http://www.combatairmuseum.org/aircraft/vultee.html|website=Combat Air Museum|publisher=Combat Air Museum|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref>
* 41-11584 – BT-13A on static display at the [[Combat Air Museum]] in [[Topeka, Kansas]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Vultee BT-13A Valiant|url=http://www.combatairmuseum.org/aircraft/vultee.html|website=Combat Air Museum|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref>
* 41-21178 - BT-13A airworthy with the [[Commemorative Air Force]] in [[Houston, Texas]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Welcome to the Houston Wing|url=https://www.houstonwing.org/|website=Houston Wing Commemorative Air Force|access-date=18 March 2022}}</ref>
* 41-21178 - BT-13A airworthy with the [[Commemorative Air Force]] in [[Houston, Texas]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Welcome to the Houston Wing|url=https://www.houstonwing.org/|website=Houston Wing Commemorative Air Force|access-date=18 March 2022}}</ref>
* 41-21218 – BT-13A under repair to airworthy condition with Valiant Effort in [[Livermore, California]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Airframe Dossier - Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 41-21218 USAAF, c/n 5057, c/r N59842 |url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=14641 |website=Aerial Visuals |access-date=8 June 2020}}</ref>
* 41-21218 – BT-13A under repair to airworthy condition with Valiant Effort in [[Livermore, California]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Airframe Dossier - Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 41-21218 USAAF, c/n 5057, c/r N59842 |url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=14641 |website=Aerial Visuals |access-date=8 June 2020}}</ref>
* 41-21487 – BT-13A on static display at the [[March Field Air Museum]] in [[Riverside, California]].<ref>{{cite web|title=BT-13 Valiant|url=http://www.marchfield.org/aircraft/trainer/bt-13a-valiant-vultee|website=March Field Air Museum|publisher=March Field Air Museum|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref> It is painted as 41–22365.<ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Vultee Valiant, s/n 41-21487 USAAF|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=19702|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref>
* 41-21487 – BT-13A on static display at the [[March Field Air Museum]] in [[Riverside, California]].<ref>{{cite web|title=BT-13 Valiant|url=http://www.marchfield.org/aircraft/trainer/bt-13a-valiant-vultee|website=March Field Air Museum|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref> It is painted as 41–22365.<ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Vultee Valiant, s/n 41-21487 USAAF|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=19702|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref>
* 41-21933 – BT-13A on static display at the [[Travis Air Force Base Heritage Center]] at [[Travis Air Force Base]] in [[Fairfield, California]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Indoor Exhibits – Basic Trainers|url=https://travisheritagecenter.org/html/trainers.html|website=Travis Air Force Base Heritage Center|publisher=Travis Heritage Center|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 41-21933 USAAF, c/n 5772|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=18096|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref>
* 41-21933 – BT-13A on static display at the [[Travis Air Force Base Heritage Center]] at [[Travis Air Force Base]] in [[Fairfield, California]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Indoor Exhibits – Basic Trainers|url=https://travisheritagecenter.org/html/trainers.html|website=Travis Air Force Base Heritage Center|publisher=Travis Heritage Center|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 41-21933 USAAF, c/n 5772|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=18096|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref>
* 41-22124 – BT-13A in storage at the [[Paul E. Garber Preservation, Restoration, and Storage Facility]] of the [[National Air and Space Museum]] in [[Suitland, Maryland]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Vultee BT-13A Valiant|url=http://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/vultee-bt-13a-valiant|website=Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum|access-date=29 April 2017}}</ref>
* 41-22124 – BT-13A in storage at the [[Paul E. Garber Preservation, Restoration, and Storage Facility]] of the [[National Air and Space Museum]] in [[Suitland, Maryland]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Vultee BT-13A Valiant|url=http://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/vultee-bt-13a-valiant|website=Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum|access-date=29 April 2017}}</ref>
* 41-22204 – BT-13A on static display at the [[South Dakota Air and Space Museum]] in [[Box Elder, South Dakota]].<ref>{{cite web |title=EXHIBITS |url=http://www.sdairandspacemuseum.com/exhibits |website=South Dakota Air and Space Museum |access-date=8 June 2020}}</ref>
* 41-22204 – BT-13A on static display at the [[South Dakota Air and Space Museum]] in [[Box Elder, South Dakota]].<ref>{{cite web |title=EXHIBITS |url=http://www.sdairandspacemuseum.com/exhibits |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130402112330/http://www.sdairandspacemuseum.com/exhibits |url-status=usurped |archive-date=2 April 2013 |website=South Dakota Air and Space Museum |access-date=8 June 2020}}</ref>
* 41-22386 – BT-13A on static display at the Moffett Field Historical Society Museum in [[Mountain View, California]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Airframe Dossier - Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 41-22386 USAAF, c/n 6464 |url=http://www.aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=156526 |website=Aerial Visuals |access-date=8 June 2020}}</ref>
* 41-22386 – BT-13A on static display at the Moffett Field Historical Society Museum in [[Mountain View, California]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Airframe Dossier - Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 41-22386 USAAF, c/n 6464 |url=http://www.aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=156526 |website=Aerial Visuals |access-date=8 June 2020}}</ref>
* 41-22441 – BT-13A airworthy at the [[Mid-Atlantic Air Museum]] in [[Reading, Pennsylvania]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Rambow|first1=Bill|title=Consolidated Vultee BT-13A/SNV-1 "Valiant"|url=http://www.maam.org/aircraft/bt-13.html|website=Mid-Atlantic Air Museum|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 41-22441 USAAF, c/r N60277|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=28967|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N60277]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N60277|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref>
* 41-22441 – BT-13A airworthy at the [[Mid-Atlantic Air Museum]] in [[Reading, Pennsylvania]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Rambow|first1=Bill|title=Consolidated Vultee BT-13A/SNV-1 "Valiant"|url=http://www.maam.org/aircraft/bt-13.html|website=Mid-Atlantic Air Museum|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 41-22441 USAAF, c/r N60277|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=28967|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N60277]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N60277|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref>
* 41-23075 – BT-13A airworthy on loan from Rene J. Vercruyssen to the Chico Air Museum in [[Chico, California]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Chico Air Museum Photo Gallery|url=http://www.chicoairmuseum.org/Photo-Gallery.html|website=Chico Air Museum|publisher=Chico Air Museum|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Urseny|first1=Laura|title=BT-13 trainer brings WWII era back to Chico airport|url=http://www.chicoer.com/general-news/20160202/bt-13-trainer-brings-wwii-era-back-to-chico-airport|access-date=15 November 2016|work=Chico Enterprise-Record|publisher=Chico Enterprise-Record|date=2 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 41-23075 USAAF, c/r N59961|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=28857|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N59961]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=59961|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref>
* 41-23075 – BT-13A airworthy on loan from Rene J. Vercruyssen to the Chico Air Museum in [[Chico, California]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Chico Air Museum Photo Gallery|url=http://www.chicoairmuseum.org/Photo-Gallery.html|website=Chico Air Museum|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Urseny|first1=Laura|title=BT-13 trainer brings WWII era back to Chico airport|url=http://www.chicoer.com/general-news/20160202/bt-13-trainer-brings-wwii-era-back-to-chico-airport|access-date=15 November 2016|work=Chico Enterprise-Record|publisher=Chico Enterprise-Record|date=2 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 41-23075 USAAF, c/r N59961|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=28857|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N59961]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=59961|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref>
* 42-04130 – BT-13A on static display at [[Goodfellow Air Force Base]] in [[San Angelo, Texas]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Fischer|first1=William|title=BT-13A Valiant|url=http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=12029|website=HMdb.org|access-date=15 November 2016|date=3 October 2008}}</ref>
* 42-04130 – BT-13A on static display at [[Goodfellow Air Force Base]] in [[San Angelo, Texas]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Fischer|first1=William|title=BT-13A Valiant|url=http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=12029|website=HMdb.org|access-date=15 November 2016|date=3 October 2008}}</ref>
* 42-41303 – BT-15 on static display at the [[Gunter Annex]] of [[Maxwell Air Force Base]] in [[Montgomery, Alabama]].<ref>{{cite web |title=LOANED AIRCRAFT BY LOC |url=http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Portals/7/LOANED%20AIRCRAFT%20BY%20LOC.pdf |website=National Museum of the United States Air Force |access-date=9 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Vultee Valiant, s/n 42-41303 USAAF|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=138|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref>
* 42-41303 – BT-15 on static display at the [[Gunter Annex]] of [[Maxwell Air Force Base]] in [[Montgomery, Alabama]].<ref>{{cite web |title=LOANED AIRCRAFT BY LOC |url=http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Portals/7/LOANED%20AIRCRAFT%20BY%20LOC.pdf |website=National Museum of the United States Air Force |access-date=9 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Vultee Valiant, s/n 42-41303 USAAF|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=138|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref>
* 42-42353 – BT-13A on static display at the [[Pima Air Museum]] in [[Tucson, Arizona]].<ref>{{cite web|title=VALIANT|url=http://www.pimaair.org/aircraft-by-name/item/vultee-bt-13a-valiant|website=Pima Air & Space Museum|publisher=Pimaair.org|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref>
* 42-42353 – BT-13A on static display at the [[Pima Air Museum]] in [[Tucson, Arizona]].<ref>{{cite web|title=VALIANT|url=http://www.pimaair.org/aircraft-by-name/item/vultee-bt-13a-valiant|website=Pima Air & Space Museum|publisher=Pimaair.org|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref>
* 42-88675 – BT-13A airworthy at the National Wasp WWII Museum in [[Sweetwater, Texas]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Restored BT-13 Donated to The National WASP Museum|url=http://www.warbirdsnews.com/warbirds-news/restored-bt-13-donated-the-national-wasp-museum.html|website=Warbirds News|publisher=Warbirds News|access-date=26 September 2017|date=22 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 42-88675 USAAF, c/n 10514, c/r N60795|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=29060|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=26 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N60795]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N60795|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=26 September 2017}}</ref>
* 42-88675 – BT-13A airworthy at the [[National WASP WWII Museum]] in [[Sweetwater, Texas]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Restored BT-13 Donated to The National WASP Museum|url=http://www.warbirdsnews.com/warbirds-news/restored-bt-13-donated-the-national-wasp-museum.html|website=Warbirds News|access-date=26 September 2017|date=22 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 42-88675 USAAF, c/n 10514, c/r N60795|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=29060|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=26 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N60795]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N60795|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=26 September 2017}}</ref>
* 42-88708 – BT-13 on display at the [[Naval Air Station Wildwood Aviation Museum]] in [[Rio Grande, New Jersey]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Airplanes|url=http://www.usnasw.org/?page_id=229|website=Naval Air Station Wildwood Aviation Museum|publisher=NASW Aviation Museum|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Vultee BT-13 Valiant, s/n 42-88708 USAAF, c/n 10547, c/r N40018|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=73135|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref>
* 42-88708 – BT-13 on display at the [[Naval Air Station Wildwood Aviation Museum]] in [[Rio Grande, New Jersey]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Airplanes|url=http://www.usnasw.org/?page_id=229|website=Naval Air Station Wildwood Aviation Museum|publisher=NASW Aviation Museum|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Vultee BT-13 Valiant, s/n 42-88708 USAAF, c/n 10547, c/r N40018|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=73135|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref>
* 42-88855 – BT-13A airworthy with Barry D. Burns in [[Hubbard, Oregon]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Airframe Dossier - Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 42-88855 USAAF, c/n 10990, c/r N9743N |url=http://www.aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=34598 |website=Aerial Visuals |access-date=9 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N9743N]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N9743N|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=9 June 2020}}</ref>
* 42-88855 – BT-13A airworthy with Barry D. Burns in [[Hubbard, Oregon]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Airframe Dossier - Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 42-88855 USAAF, c/n 10990, c/r N9743N |url=http://www.aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=34598 |website=Aerial Visuals |access-date=9 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N9743N]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N9743N|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=9 June 2020}}</ref>
* 42-89607 – BT-13B airworthy at the [[Yanks Air Museum]] in [[Chino, California]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Vultee V-79 Valiant (BT-13B)|url=http://yanksair.com/Products/165/70/Vultee-V-79-Valiant-BT-13B|website=Yanks Air Museum|publisher=Yanks Air Museum|access-date=15 November 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116102724/https://yanksair.com/Products/165/70/Vultee-V-79-Valiant-BT-13B/|archive-date=16 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Vultee BT-13B Valiant, s/n 42-89607 USAAF, c/n 79-0326, c/r N4425V|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=25130|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N4425V]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N4425V|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref>
* 42-89607 – BT-13B airworthy at the [[Yanks Air Museum]] in [[Chino, California]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Vultee V-79 Valiant (BT-13B)|url=http://yanksair.com/Products/165/70/Vultee-V-79-Valiant-BT-13B|website=Yanks Air Museum|access-date=15 November 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116102724/https://yanksair.com/Products/165/70/Vultee-V-79-Valiant-BT-13B/|archive-date=16 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Vultee BT-13B Valiant, s/n 42-89607 USAAF, c/n 79-0326, c/r N4425V|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=25130|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N4425V]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N4425V|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref>
* 42-89678 – BT-13A on static display at the [[Castle Air Museum]] in [[Atwater, California]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Aircraft on Display|url=http://www.castleairmuseum.org/ondisplay|website=Castle Air Museum|access-date=15 November 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114232620/http://www.castleairmuseum.org/ondisplay/|archive-date=14 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 42-89678 USAAF, c/r N63952|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=64942|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref>
* 42-89678 – BT-13A on static display at the [[Castle Air Museum]] in [[Atwater, California]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Aircraft on Display|url=http://www.castleairmuseum.org/ondisplay|website=Castle Air Museum|access-date=15 November 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114232620/http://www.castleairmuseum.org/ondisplay/|archive-date=14 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 42-89678 USAAF, c/r N63952|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=64942|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref>
* 42-90018 – BT-13B on static display at the [[Museum of Aviation (Warner Robins)|Museum of Aviation]] at [[Robins Air Force Base]] in [[Warner Robins, Georgia]].<ref>{{cite web|title=BT-13B "Valiant"|url=http://www.museumofaviation.net/?artwork=bt-13b-valiant|website=Museum of Aviation|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref>
* 42-90018 – BT-13B on static display at the [[Museum of Aviation (Warner Robins)|Museum of Aviation]] at [[Robins Air Force Base]] in [[Warner Robins, Georgia]].<ref>{{cite web|title=BT-13B "Valiant"|url=http://www.museumofaviation.net/?artwork=bt-13b-valiant|website=Museum of Aviation|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref>
* 42-90026 – BT-13B airworthy with the Alaska Wing of the [[Commemorative Air Force]] in [[Anchorage, Alaska]].<ref>{{cite web |title=BT-13 VALIANT |url=http://www.cafalaska.org/bt13-valiant |website=Commemorative Air Force Alaska Wing |access-date=8 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Airframe Dossier - Vultee SNV-2 Valiant, s/n 42-90026 USAAF, c/n 79-0999, c/r N63282 |url=http://www.aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=12471 |website=Aerial Visuals |access-date=8 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=FAA REGISTRY [N63282] |url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N63282 |website=Federal Aviation Administration |publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation |access-date=8 June 2020}}</ref>
* 42-90026 – BT-13B airworthy with the Alaska Wing of the [[Commemorative Air Force]] in [[Anchorage, Alaska]].<ref>{{cite web |title=BT-13 VALIANT |url=http://www.cafalaska.org/bt13-valiant |website=Commemorative Air Force Alaska Wing |access-date=8 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Airframe Dossier - Vultee SNV-2 Valiant, s/n 42-90026 USAAF, c/n 79-0999, c/r N63282 |url=http://www.aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=12471 |website=Aerial Visuals |access-date=8 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=FAA REGISTRY [N63282] |url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N63282 |website=Federal Aviation Administration |publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation |access-date=8 June 2020}}</ref>
* 42-90296 – BT-13B airworthy at the War Eagles Air Museum in [[Santa Teresa, New Mexico]].<ref>{{cite web|title=BT-13 Valiant|url=http://www.war-eagles-air-museum.com/exhibit.php?id=9|website=War Eagles Air Museum|publisher=War Eagles Air Museum|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Vultee BT-13B Valiant, s/n 42-90296 USAAF, c/n 79-1293, c/r N63697|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=29721|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N63697]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N63697|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref>
* 42-90296 – BT-13B airworthy at the [[War Eagles Air Museum]] in [[Santa Teresa, New Mexico]].<ref>{{cite web|title=BT-13 Valiant|url=http://www.war-eagles-air-museum.com/exhibit.php?id=9|website=War Eagles Air Museum|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Vultee BT-13B Valiant, s/n 42-90296 USAAF, c/n 79-1293, c/r N63697|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=29721|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N63697]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N63697|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref>
* 42-90590 – BT-13B airworthy with Ryan Shively of [[Richland, Washington]].<ref>{{cite web |title=FAA REGISTRY [N60794] |url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N60794 |website=Federal Aviation Administration |publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation |access-date=8 June 2020}}</ref> It was delivered to the USAAF in May 1944 and served with the [[54th Fighter Squadron]], [[2nd Air Commando Group]], 4501st Base Unit, and 338th Base Unit.<ref>Headquarters United States Air Force Historical Research Center Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama 36112-6678</ref>
* 42-90590 – BT-13B airworthy with Ryan Shively of [[Richland, Washington]].<ref>{{cite web |title=FAA REGISTRY [N60794] |url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N60794 |website=Federal Aviation Administration |publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation |access-date=8 June 2020}}</ref> It was delivered to the USAAF in May 1944 and served with the [[54th Fighter Squadron]], [[2nd Air Commando Group]], 4501st Base Unit, and 338th Base Unit.<ref>Headquarters United States Air Force Historical Research Center Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama 36112-6678</ref>
* 42-90629 – BT-13B on static display at the [[National Museum of the United States Air Force]] in [[Dayton, Ohio]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Vultee BT-13B Valiant|url=http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/MuseumExhibits/FactSheets/Display/tabid/509/Article/196294/vultee-bt-13b-valiant.aspx|website=National Museum of the US Air Force|access-date=15 November 2016|date=20 April 2015}}</ref>
* 42-90629 – BT-13B on static display at the [[National Museum of the United States Air Force]] in [[Dayton, Ohio]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Vultee BT-13B Valiant|url=http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/MuseumExhibits/FactSheets/Display/tabid/509/Article/196294/vultee-bt-13b-valiant.aspx|website=National Museum of the US Air Force|access-date=15 November 2016|date=20 April 2015}}</ref>
* 42-90054 – BT-13B airworthy with the [[Planes of Fame Air Museum]] in [[Chino, California]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Flying & Static Aircraft |url=http://planesoffame.org/aircraft |website=Planes of Fame Air Museum |access-date=8 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=FAA REGISTRY [N54822] |url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N54822 |website=Federal Aviation Administration |publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation |access-date=8 June 2020}}</ref>
* 42-90054 – BT-13B airworthy with the [[Planes of Fame Air Museum]] in [[Chino, California]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Flying & Static Aircraft |url=http://planesoffame.org/aircraft |website=Planes of Fame Air Museum |access-date=8 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=FAA REGISTRY [N54822] |url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N54822 |website=Federal Aviation Administration |publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation |access-date=8 June 2020}}</ref>
* c/n 7832 – BT-13A on static display at the [[Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum]] in [[McMinnville, Oregon]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sparkes|first1=Graham F.|title=Vultee Valiant, N57655 / 7832, Evergreen Aviation and Space Museum |url=http://abpic.co.uk/pictures/view/1488226|website=ABPic|publisher=AIR-BRITAIN|access-date=15 November 2016|date=18 September 2014}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=July 2020}}
* c/n 7832 – BT-13A on static display at the [[Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum]] in [[McMinnville, Oregon]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sparkes|first1=Graham F.|title=Vultee Valiant, N57655 / 7832, Evergreen Aviation and Space Museum |url=http://abpic.co.uk/pictures/view/1488226|website=ABPic|publisher=AIR-BRITAIN|access-date=15 November 2016|date=18 September 2014}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=July 2020}}
* c/n 8408 – BT-13 on static display at the [[Fort Worth Aviation Museum]] in [[Fort Worth, Texas]].<ref>{{cite web|title=BT-13 Valiant|url=http://fortworthaviationmuseum.com/category/our-aircraft/bt-13-valiant|website=Fort Worth Aviation Museum|publisher=Fort Worth Aviation Museum|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref>
* c/n 8408 – BT-13 on static display at the [[Fort Worth Aviation Museum]] in [[Fort Worth, Texas]].<ref>{{cite web|title=BT-13 Valiant|url=http://fortworthaviationmuseum.com/category/our-aircraft/bt-13-valiant|website=Fort Worth Aviation Museum|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref>
* Unknown ID – Unknown variant in storage in unrestored condition at the [[Planes of Fame Air Museum]] in [[Chino, California]].<ref>{{cite web|title=BT-13 wreck at the Planes of Fame Museum AZ|url=http://pacaeropress.websitetoolbox.com/post/bt13-wreck-at-the-planes-of-fame-museum-az-3684438|website=Wreckchasing.com|access-date=15 November 2016|date=25 September 2008}}</ref>
* Unknown ID – Unknown variant in storage in unrestored condition at the [[Planes of Fame Air Museum]] in [[Chino, California]].<ref>{{cite web|title=BT-13 wreck at the Planes of Fame Museum AZ|url=http://pacaeropress.websitetoolbox.com/post/bt13-wreck-at-the-planes-of-fame-museum-az-3684438|website=Wreckchasing.com|access-date=15 November 2016|date=25 September 2008}}</ref>
* Unknown ID – BT-13 under restoration at the [[Fargo Air Museum]] in [[Fargo, North Dakota]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Restoration project: BT-13|url=http://www.fargoairmuseum.org/projects|website=Fargo Air Museum|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref>
* Unknown ID – BT-13 under restoration at the [[Fargo Air Museum]] in [[Fargo, North Dakota]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Restoration project: BT-13|url=http://www.fargoairmuseum.org/projects|website=Fargo Air Museum|access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref>
* Unknown ID – BT-13A on static display at the Florida Keys Marathon International Airport in Marathon, Florida. [source: FAA registry search]
* Unknown ID – BT-13A on static display at the Florida Keys Marathon International Airport in Marathon, Florida. [source: FAA registry search]
* 79-1366 – BT-13 airworthy on display at the Wings of Honor Museum in Walnut Ridge, Arkansas. [source: FAA registry search]


==Popular culture==
==Popular culture==
{{more citations needed section|date=December 2014}}
[[File:Aichi D3A Replica Airshow.jpg|thumb|[[Aichi D3A]] replica at the Geneseo Airshow. In 1968 a Vultee BT-13 Valiant (N56867) was converted to a Val replica for use in the filming of the movie "Tora! Tora! Tora!", flown as Val "AI-244" (Carrier Akagi). The BT-13 has been maintained in that configuration ever since, and is now flown at airshows as "BI-211" with markings of Carrier Soryu.]]
[[File:Aichi D3A Replica Airshow.jpg|thumb|[[Aichi D3A]] replica at the Geneseo Airshow. In 1968 a Vultee BT-13 Valiant (N56867) was converted to a Val replica for use in the filming of the movie "Tora! Tora! Tora!", flown as Val "AI-244" (Carrier Akagi). The BT-13 has been maintained in that configuration ever since, and is now flown at airshows as "BI-211" with markings of Carrier Soryu.]]


The 1942 Army training film [[Winning Your Wings]] opens with actor [[James Stewart|Jimmy Stewart]] landing a BT-13.
The 1942 Army training film [[Winning Your Wings]] opens with actor [[James Stewart|Jimmy Stewart]] landing a BT-13.


BT-13s were used by [[Twentieth Century Fox]] in the 1970 motion picture "[[Tora! Tora! Tora!]]"; 9 units were purchased in 1968 and modified to resemble Japanese "Val" dive bombers. The "Zero" fighters and "Kate" torpedo bombers in that movie were modified [[T6 Texan|Harvard IV]]'s.{{citation needed|date=December 2014}}
BTs were used by [[Twentieth Century Fox]] in the 1970 motion picture "[[Tora! Tora! Tora!]]", converted to look like [[Aichi D3A]] Vals.
After filming, the studio sold or donated the altered aircraft.<ref name=jt/>{{rp|99}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Vultee BT-15 (Movie Conversion Aichi D3Y 'Val') |url=https://planesoffame.org/aircraft/plane-BT-155 |website=Planes of Fame Air Museum |access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=TORA! TORA! TORA! TURNS FIFTY |url=https://www.commemorativeairforce.org/news/tora-tora-tora-turns-fifty |access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref>

After filming, the studio sold the altered aircraft to private owners. Many are still flying, several of them as part of the [[Commemorative Air Force|Commemorative Air Force's]] "Tora! Tora! Tora!" squadron, which performs air battle reenactments at air shows. Several "Tora" aircraft also appeared in the later "[[Pearl Harbor (film)|Pearl Harbor]]" film.{{citation needed|date=December 2014}}


==Specifications (BT-13A)==
==Specifications (BT-13A)==
Line 249: Line 246:
==See also==
==See also==
'''Related development:'''
'''Related development:'''
* [[P-66 Vanguard]]
* [[Vultee P-66 Vanguard]]
'''Comparable aircraft:'''
'''Comparable aircraft:'''
*[[North American T-6 Texan]]
*[[North American T-6 Texan]]
Line 257: Line 254:


==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
⚫
* {{Cite journal |title=Pentagon Over the Islands: The Thirty-Year History of Indonesian Military Aviation |journal=[[Air Enthusiast|Air Enthusiast Quarterly]] |date=June 1976 |issue=2 |pages=154–162 |issn=0143-5450}}<!-- Alphabetized under "Air Enthusiast" -->
*{{cite book|last=Andersson|first=Lennart|title=A History of Chinese Aviation: Encyclopedia of Aircraft and Aviation in China to 1949|year=2008|publisher=AHS of ROC|location=Taipei, Republic of China|isbn=978-957-28533-3-7}}
* {{Cite book |last=Andersson |first=Lennart |title=A History of Chinese Aviation: Encyclopedia of Aircraft and Aviation in China to 1949 |year=2008 |publisher=AHS of ROC |location=Taipei, Republic of China |isbn=978-957-28533-3-7}}
⚫
*{{cite journal|title=Pentagon Over the Islands: The Thirty-Year History of Indonesian Military Aviation|journal=Air Enthusiast Quarterly |date=n.d. |issue=2 |pages=154–162 |issn=0143-5450}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Sapienza|first1=Antonio Luis|title=L'aviation militare paraguayenne durant la seconde guerre mondiale |journal=Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire |trans-title=Paraguayan Military Aviation During the Second World War|date=May 2001 |issue=98 |pages=30–33 |language=fr |issn=1243-8650}}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Sapienza |first1=Antonio Luis |date=May 2001 |title=L'aviation militare paraguayenne durant la seconde guerre mondiale |journal=Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire |trans-title=Paraguayan Military Aviation During the Second World War |issue=98 |pages=30–33 |language=fr |issn=1243-8650}}
*{{cite book|last1=Swanborough|first1=F. G.|last2=Bowers|first2=Peter M.|author-link2=Peter M. Bowers|title=U.S. Military Aircraft since 1909|year=1963|publisher=Putnam|location=London}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Swanborough |first1=F. G. |last2=Bowers |first2=Peter M. |author-link2=Peter M. Bowers |year=1963 |title=U.S. Military Aircraft since 1909 |location=London |publisher=Putnam |oclc=464065470}}
*{{cite book|last=Wegg|first=John|title=General Dynamics Aircraft and their Predecessors |year=1990|publisher=Putnam Aeronautical Books|location=London|isbn=0-85177-833-X}}
* {{Cite book |last=Wegg |first=John |year=1990 |title=General Dynamics Aircraft and Their Predecessors |location=London |publisher=Putnam Aeronautical Books |isbn=0-85177-833-X}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category inline|Vultee BT-13 Valiant}}
* {{Commons category-inline|Vultee BT-13 Valiant}}


{{Vultee aircraft}}
{{Vultee aircraft}}
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[[Category:Vultee aircraft|BT-13]]
[[Category:Vultee aircraft|BT-13]]
[[Category:1930s United States military trainer aircraft]]
[[Category:1930s United States military trainer aircraft]]
[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1939]]
[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:World War II trainer aircraft of the United States]]
[[Category:World War II trainer aircraft of the United States]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1939]]
[[Category:Aircraft with retractable conventional landing gear]]
[[Category:Single-engined piston aircraft]]

Latest revision as of 03:14, 22 December 2024

BT-13 Valiant
A restored Vultee BT-13 over an Airshow in Dallas, 2019
General information
TypeTrainer
ManufacturerVultee Aircraft
Primary usersUnited States Army Air Forces
Number built9,525
History
Introduction dateJune 1940
First flightMarch 1939

The Vultee BT-13 Valiant is an American World War II-era basic (a category between primary and advanced) trainer aircraft built by Vultee Aircraft for the United States Army Air Corps, and later US Army Air Forces. A subsequent variant of the BT-13 in USAAC/USAAF service was known as the BT-15 Valiant, while an identical version for the US Navy was known as the SNV and was used to train naval aviators for the US Navy and its sister services, the US Marine Corps and US Coast Guard.[1]

Design and development

[edit]
Vultee BC-3 prototype in flight

According to Jonathan Thompson, "The three trainer designs that shared their basic engineering with the Vanguard fighter were all promoted under the same name, Valiant. The prototypes had consectutive serial numbers 139, 140 and 141 and made their first flights in the Spring and Summer of 1939. While similar in appearance, they were distinct in purpose and performance, and only one of them succeeded in winning a production contract. This turned out to be six AC contracts with three supplements, eventually amounting to 11,526 aircraft, plus twelve ordered by Peru, for a total of 11,538."[2]

On 24 March, the Vultee BC-51 advanced trainer first flew, but lost out in competition to the North American AT-6. The Air Corps did accept the Vultee BC-51 though, designating it as the BC-3 after some upgrades in the Spring of 1940. On 9 June, Vultee model 54 advanced trainer first flew. Its original 450-hp Wright Whirlwind was eventually replaced with a R-1340. On 28 July, the Vultee model 54A first flew. According to Thompson, "A Basic Trainer, similar to the model 54 except for its fixed landing gear and P&W R-985 engine, it struck pay dirt. In August the USAAC selected it for volume production as the BT-13. which became the standard type for the category throughout World War II."[2][3]

The Vultee BT-13 was the basic trainer flown by most American pilots during World War II. It was the second phase of the three phase training program for pilots. After primary training in PT-13, PT-17, or PT-19 trainers, the student pilot moved to the more complex Vultee for continued flight training. The BT-13 had a more powerful engine and was faster and heavier than the primary trainer. It required the student pilot to use two way radio communications with the ground and to operate landing flaps and a two-position Hamilton Standard controllable-pitch propeller (or, more commonly, a constant-speed propeller[1]).

The BT-13A dispensed with the landing gear fairings. Due to the demand for this aircraft, and others which used the same Pratt & Whitney engine, some were equipped with Wright powerplants of similar size and power built in 1941–42. The Wright-equipped aircraft were designated BT-15.[1] The BT-15B had a 24-volt electrical system.[2]

The Navy adopted the P&W powered aircraft as their main basic trainer, designating it the SNV. The BT-13 production run outnumbered all other Basic Trainer (BT) types produced.[4][5]

Vultee BT-13 on runway at Minter Field, California, 1 March 1943

According to Thompson, "Because of Vultee's outstanding production achievement, as well as the service's accelerated training programs, the huge pilot requirements were met by mid-1943 and the last Valiants were built in mid-1944. Except for resonances in various flight modes that earned it the nickname 'Vibrator,' the Valiant's simplicity and effectiveness caused it to be taken for granted, and practically forgotten after all of them were sold at war's end."[2]

The BT-13 was not without its faults. Some had been built with plywood tailcones and empennages, which did not always remain firmly aligned with the aircraft.[1]

Thompson states, "Most of the 5137 Valiants sold in the United States by the War Assets Administration, Reconstruction Finance Corporation and other agencies went for $450, a mere $1/hp, to cropdusters who wanted only the R-985 and R-975 engines."[2]

Variants

[edit]
BT-13B
BT-15
SNV-2
BC-3
Vultee Model V.51 with retractable landing gear and a 600hp P&W R-1340-45, one built, not developed.
BT-13
Vultee Model V.54 with fixed undercarriage and a 450hp P&W R-985-25 engine, 300 built.
BT-13A
As BT-13 but fitted with a 450hp R-985-AN-1 engine and minor changes, 6407 built, survivors re-designated T-13A in 1948.
BT-13B
As BT-13A but with a 24-volt electrical system, 1125 built.
BT-15
As BT-13A with a 450hp Wright R-975-11 engine, 1693 built.
XBT-16
One BT-13A was re-built in 1942 by Vidal with an all-plastic fuselage as the XBT-16.
SNV-1
BT-13As for the United States Navy, 1350 transferred from United States Army Air Corps.
SNV-2
BT-13Bs for the United States Navy, 650 transferred from United States Army Air Corps.
T-13A
Surviving BT-13As were re-designated in 1948, due to dual allocation of T-13 with the PT-13 in practice they were still known as the BT-13 to avoid confusion.

Operators

[edit]
 Argentina
 Bolivia
 Brazil
 Chile
 China
 Colombia
 China[7]
 Cuba
 Dominican Republic
 Ecuador
 Egypt
 El Salvador
 France
 Guatemala
 Haiti
 Honduras
 Indonesia
 Israel
 Mexico[6]
 Nicaragua
 Panama
 Paraguay[6]
 Peru
 Philippines[7]
 Soviet Union
 United States
 Venezuela

Surviving aircraft

[edit]

Australia

Brazil
Canada
Indonesia
Indonesian Air Force BT-13A Valiant at the Dirgantara Mandala Museum
Netherlands
42-43210 (N313BT) at Duxford Aerodrome in England
United States
Vultee BT-13A/SNV-1 Valiant at the Air Zoo
Vultee SNV-2 Valiant at the Cavanaugh Flight Museum
[edit]
Aichi D3A replica at the Geneseo Airshow. In 1968 a Vultee BT-13 Valiant (N56867) was converted to a Val replica for use in the filming of the movie "Tora! Tora! Tora!", flown as Val "AI-244" (Carrier Akagi). The BT-13 has been maintained in that configuration ever since, and is now flown at airshows as "BI-211" with markings of Carrier Soryu.

The 1942 Army training film Winning Your Wings opens with actor Jimmy Stewart landing a BT-13.

BTs were used by Twentieth Century Fox in the 1970 motion picture "Tora! Tora! Tora!", converted to look like Aichi D3A Vals. After filming, the studio sold or donated the altered aircraft.[2]: 99 [90][91]

Specifications (BT-13A)

[edit]
3-view line drawing of the Vultee Valiant
3-view line drawing of the Vultee Valiant

Data from United States Military Aircraft since 1909[92]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 2
  • Length: 28 ft 10 in (8.79 m)
  • Wingspan: 42 ft 0 in (12.80 m)
  • Height: 11 ft 6 in (3.51 m)
  • Wing area: 239 sq ft (22.2 m2)
  • Empty weight: 3,375 lb (1,531 kg)
  • Gross weight: 4,496 lb (2,039 kg)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Pratt & Whitney R-985-AN-1 nine-cylinder air-cooled radial engine, 450 hp (340 kW)
  • Propellers: 2-bladed Hamilton-Standard 2-position

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 180 mph (290 km/h, 160 kn)
  • Range: 725 mi (1,167 km, 630 nmi)
  • Service ceiling: 21,650 ft (6,600 m)
  • Time to altitude: 9.2 minutes to 10,000 ft (3,000 m)

See also

[edit]

Related development:

Comparable aircraft:

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Davisson, Budd: "Vultee's BT-13 Pilot Maker: Good vibrations from the Vultee Vibrator" (aircraft review and pilot report), August 1972, Air Progress, retrieved 11 January 2023 from Airbum.com
  2. ^ a b c d e f Thompson, Jonathan. Vultee Aircraft 1932-1947. Santa Ana: Narkiewicz//Thompson. pp. 66–99. ISBN 0913322024.
  3. ^ Wegg 1990, p. 158.
  4. ^ Herman, Arthur (2012), Freedom's Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War II, New York, NY: Random House, pp. 203, 262–3, ISBN 978-1-4000-6964-4
  5. ^ Borth, Christy (1945), Masters of Mass Production, Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill Co., pp. 251–252
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Wegg 1990, p. 139.
  7. ^ a b c d Wegg 1990, p. 160.
  8. ^ Wegg 1990, pp. 159–160.
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  42. ^ "Welcome to the Houston Wing". Houston Wing Commemorative Air Force. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
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  91. ^ "TORA! TORA! TORA! TURNS FIFTY". Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  92. ^ Swanborough and Bowers 1963, p. 461

Bibliography

[edit]
  • "Pentagon Over the Islands: The Thirty-Year History of Indonesian Military Aviation". Air Enthusiast Quarterly (2): 154–162. June 1976. ISSN 0143-5450.
  • Andersson, Lennart (2008). A History of Chinese Aviation: Encyclopedia of Aircraft and Aviation in China to 1949. Taipei, Republic of China: AHS of ROC. ISBN 978-957-28533-3-7.
  • Sapienza, Antonio Luis (May 2001). "L'aviation militare paraguayenne durant la seconde guerre mondiale" [Paraguayan Military Aviation During the Second World War]. Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire (in French) (98): 30–33. ISSN 1243-8650.
  • Swanborough, F. G.; Bowers, Peter M. (1963). U.S. Military Aircraft since 1909. London: Putnam. OCLC 464065470.
  • Wegg, John (1990). General Dynamics Aircraft and Their Predecessors. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books. ISBN 0-85177-833-X.
[edit]
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