Melampyrum: Difference between revisions

Melampyrum
	Melampyrum nemorosum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Lamiales
Family:	Orobanchaceae
Tribe:	Rhinantheae
Genus:	Melampyrum; L.
Species
	about 20, see text.

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Melampyrum is a genus of about 20 species of herbaceous flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae known commonly as cow wheat. They are native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. They are hemiparasites on other plants, obtaining water and nutrients from host plants, though some are able to survive on their own without parasitising other plants.^[1]

Melampyrum species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including the mouse moth (Amphipyra tragopoginis).

Phylogeny

The phylogeny of the genera of Rhinantheae has been explored using molecular characters.^[2]^[3] Melampyrum appears as a distant relative of other genera of Rhinantheae. It is the sister group of two clades: (i) Rhynchocorys, Lathraea, and Rhinanthus ; and (ii) the core Rhinantheae containing Bartsia, Euphrasia, Tozzia, Hedbergia, Bellardia, and Odontites.

Genus-level cladogram of tribe Rhinantheae.

Rhinantheae

Melampyrum

Rhynchocorys

	Lathraea

	Rhinanthus

Core Rhinantheae

Bartsia sensu stricto (Bartsia alpina)

Euphrasia

Hedbergia
(including Bartsia decurva + B. longiflora)

Tozzia

Odontites sensu lato
(including Bartsiella
and Bornmuellerantha)

Bellardia

	Neobartsia (New World Bartsia)

	Parentucellia

The cladogram has been reconstructed from nuclear and plastid DNA molecular characters (ITS, rps16 intron and trnK region).^[2]^[3]

Taxonomy

Selected species

Melampyrum arvense (field cow-wheat). Europe.
Melampyrum cristatum (crested cow-wheat). Europe.
Melampyrum klebelsbergianum. Asia.
Melampyrum koreanum.^[1] Asia.
Melampyrum laxum. Asia.
Melampyrum lineare (narrowleaf cow-wheat). North America.
Melampyrum nemorosum (wood cow-wheat). Europe.
Melampyrum pratense (common cow-wheat). Europe.
Melampyrum roseum. Asia.
Melampyrum saxosum. Europe.
Melampyrum sylvaticum (small cow-wheat). Europe.

References

^ ^a ^b Kim, K. and S. Yun. (2012). A new species of Melampyrum (Orobanchaceae) from southern Korea. Archived 2024-05-24 at the Wayback Machine Phytotaxa 42 48-50.
^ ^a ^b Těšitel, Jakub; Říha, Pavel; Svobodová, Šárka; Malinová, Tamara; Štech, Milan (2010-10-28). "Phylogeny, Life History Evolution and Biogeography of the Rhinanthoid Orobanchaceae". Folia Geobotanica. 45 (4): 347–367. Bibcode:2010FolGe..45..347T. doi:10.1007/s12224-010-9089-y. ISSN 1211-9520. S2CID 39873516.
^ ^a ^b Scheunert, Agnes; Fleischmann, Andreas; Olano-Marín, Catalina; Bräuchler, Christian; Heubl, Günther (2012-12-14). "Phylogeny of tribe Rhinantheae (Orobanchaceae) with a focus on biogeography, cytology and re-examination of generic concepts". Taxon. 61 (6): 1269–1285. doi:10.1002/tax.616008.

External links

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[kim-1] Kim, K. and S. Yun. (2012). A new species of Melampyrum (Orobanchaceae) from southern Korea. Archived 2024-05-24 at the Wayback Machine Phytotaxa 42 48-50.

[Tesitel2010-2] Těšitel, Jakub; Říha, Pavel; Svobodová, Šárka; Malinová, Tamara; Štech, Milan (2010-10-28). "Phylogeny, Life History Evolution and Biogeography of the Rhinanthoid Orobanchaceae". Folia Geobotanica. 45 (4): 347–367. Bibcode:2010FolGe..45..347T. doi:10.1007/s12224-010-9089-y. ISSN 1211-9520. S2CID 39873516.

[Scheunert2012-3] Scheunert, Agnes; Fleischmann, Andreas; Olano-Marín, Catalina; Bräuchler, Christian; Heubl, Günther (2012-12-14). "Phylogeny of tribe Rhinantheae (Orobanchaceae) with a focus on biogeography, cytology and re-examination of generic concepts". Taxon. 61 (6): 1269–1285. doi:10.1002/tax.616008.

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[2]

[3]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{short description|Genus of flowering plants in the broomrape family Orobanchaceae}}
-{{italictitle}}
-{{taxobox
+{{Automatic taxobox
 |image = Melampyrum nemorosum photo.jpg
 |image_caption = ''[[Melampyrum nemorosum]]''
+|taxon = Melampyrum
-|regnum = [[Plantae]]
+|authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
-|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
-|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
-|unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]]
-|ordo = [[Lamiales]]
-|familia = [[Orobanchaceae]]
-|tribus = [[Rhinantheae]]
-|genus = '''''Melampyrum'''''
-|genus_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
 |subdivision_ranks = Species
 |subdivision = about 20, see text.
-|}}
+}}
+[[File:Melampyrum saxosum Rodnei.jpg|thumb|right|''Melampyrum saxosum'']]
-'''''Melampyrum''''' is a genus of about 20 species of [[herbaceous]] flowering plants in the family [[Orobanchaceae]] known commonly as '''cow wheat'''. They are native to temperate regions of the [[Northern Hemisphere]]. They are [[parasite|hemiparasites]] on other plants, obtaining water and  nutrients from host plants, though they are able to survive on their own without parasitising other plants.<ref name=kim>Kim, K. and S. Yun. (2012). [http://www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/content/2012/f/pt00042p050.pdf A new species of ''Melampyrum'' (Orobanchaceae) from southern Korea.] ''Phytotaxa'' 42 48-50.</ref>
-{{Commonscat}}
+'''''Melampyrum''''' is a genus of about 20 species of [[herbaceous]] flowering plants in the family [[Orobanchaceae]] known commonly as '''cow wheat'''. They are native to temperate regions of the [[Northern Hemisphere]]. They are [[parasite|hemiparasites]] on other plants, obtaining water and  nutrients from host plants, though some are able to survive on their own without parasitising other plants.<ref name=kim>Kim, K. and S. Yun. (2012). [http://www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/content/2012/f/pt00042p050.pdf A new species of ''Melampyrum'' (Orobanchaceae) from southern Korea.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524105750/https://www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/content/2012/f/pt00042p050.pdf |date=2024-05-24 }} ''Phytotaxa'' 42 48-50.</ref>
 ''Melampyrum'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species, including the [[mouse moth]] (''Amphipyra tragopoginis'').
+==Phylogeny==
-;Selected species
+The phylogeny of the genera of [[Rhinantheae]] has been explored using molecular characters.<ref name="Tesitel2010"/><ref name="Scheunert2012"/> ''Melampyrum'' appears as a distant relative of other genera of Rhinantheae. It is the sister group of two clades: (i) ''[[Rhynchocorys]]'', ''[[Lathraea]]'', and ''[[Rhinanthus]]'' ; and (ii) the core Rhinantheae containing ''[[Bartsia]]'', ''[[Euphrasia]]'', ''[[Tozzia]]'', ''[[Hedbergia]]'', ''[[Bellardia trixago|Bellardia]]'', and ''[[Odontites]]''.
-*''[[Melampyrum arvense]]'' (field cow-wheat). [[Europe]].
-*''[[Melampyrum cristatum]]'' (crested cow-wheat). Europe.
+{{cladogram
-*''[[Melampyrum klebelsbergianum]]''. [[Asia]].
+   | title= {{anchor|Clad}}Genus-level cladogram of tribe Rhinantheae.
-*''[[Melampyrum koreanum]]''.<ref name=kim/> Asia.
+   | caption=The cladogram has been reconstructed from [[nuclear DNA|nuclear]] and [[chloroplast DNA|plastid DNA]] molecular characters ([[Internal transcribed spacer|ITS]], ''rps16'' intron and ''trnK'' region).<ref name="Tesitel2010">{{Cite journal |last1=Těšitel |first1=Jakub |last2=Říha |first2=Pavel |last3=Svobodová |first3=Šárka |last4=Malinová |first4=Tamara |last5=Štech |first5=Milan |date=2010-10-28 |title=Phylogeny, Life History Evolution and Biogeography of the Rhinanthoid Orobanchaceae |journal=Folia Geobotanica |language=en |volume=45 |issue=4 |pages=347–367 |doi=10.1007/s12224-010-9089-y |bibcode=2010FolGe..45..347T |s2cid=39873516 |issn=1211-9520}}</ref><ref name="Scheunert2012">{{Cite journal |last1=Scheunert |first1=Agnes |last2=Fleischmann |first2=Andreas |last3=Olano-Marín |first3=Catalina |last4=Bräuchler |first4=Christian |last5=Heubl |first5=Günther |date=2012-12-14 |title=Phylogeny of tribe Rhinantheae (Orobanchaceae) with a focus on biogeography, cytology and re-examination of generic concepts |journal=Taxon |volume=61 |issue=6 |pages=1269–1285|doi=10.1002/tax.616008 }}</ref>
-*''[[Melampyrum laxum]]''. Asia.
+   | align=center
-*''[[Melampyrum lineare]]'' (narrowleaf cow-wheat). [[North America]].
+   | cladogram={{Cladogram of Rhinantheae genera}}
-*''[[Melampyrum nemorosum]]'' (wood cow-wheat). Europe.
+}}
-*''[[Melampyrum pratense]]'' (common cow-wheat). Europe.
-*''[[Melampyrum roseum]]''. Asia.
+==Taxonomy==
-*''[[Melampyrum sylvaticum]]'' (small cow-wheat). Europe.
+===Selected species===
+* ''[[Melampyrum arvense]]'' (field cow-wheat). [[Europe]].
+* ''[[Melampyrum cristatum]]'' (crested cow-wheat). Europe.
+* ''[[Melampyrum klebelsbergianum]]''. [[Asia]].
+* ''[[Melampyrum koreanum]]''.<ref name=kim/> Asia.
+* ''[[Melampyrum laxum]]''. Asia.
+* ''[[Melampyrum lineare]]'' (narrowleaf cow-wheat). [[North America]].
+* ''[[Melampyrum nemorosum]]'' (wood cow-wheat). Europe.
+* ''[[Melampyrum pratense]]'' (common cow-wheat). Europe.
+* ''[[Melampyrum roseum]]''. Asia.
+* ''[[Melampyrum saxosum]]''. Europe.
+* ''[[Melampyrum sylvaticum]]'' (small cow-wheat). Europe.
 ==References==
-{{reflist}}
+{{Reflist}}
+==External links==
+{{Commonscat|position=left}}
+{{Taxonbar|from=Q161626}}
 [[Category:Orobanchaceae genera]]
 [[Category:Orobanchaceae]]
+[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]
+[[Category:Parasitic plants]]
-{{Lamiales-stub}}
+{{Orobanchaceae-stub}}