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{{Short description|International satellite communications services organization}}
[[Image:Interputnik logo.png|right|thumb|Intersputnik logo]]
{{Infobox organization
⚫
The '''Intersputnik International Organization of Space Communications''' commonly known as '''Intersputnik''' is an international [[satellite]] communications services organization founded on November 15, 1971, in [[Moscow]] by the [[Soviet Union]] along with a group of eight formerly socialist states ([[Poland]], [[Czechoslovakia]], [[East Germany]], [[Hungary]], [[Romania]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Mongolia]], and [[Cuba]]). The objective was and continues to be the development and common use of [[communications satellites]]. It was created as the Eastern Bloc's response to the Western [[Intelsat]] organization. As of 2008 the organization has 25 member states, among them the [[Germany|Federal Republic of Germany]] as the legal successor of the [[East Germany|GDR]].
|name = Intersputnik<br/>{{small|Intersputnik International Organization of Space Communications}}
⚫
Intersputnik nowadays is a commercially aligned organization. It operates 12 satellites in orbit and 41 [[transponders]]. In June 1997 Intersputnik created the Lockheed Martin Intersputnik (LMI) joint venture together with [[Lockheed Martin]], which builds and operates the satellites of the same name.
|image = Interputnik logo.png
|image_border =
|size = 150px
|caption = Intersputnik logo
|map =
|msize =
|mcaption =
|abbreviation =
|motto =
|formation = {{start date and age|15 November 1971}}
|extinction =
|type =
|status = Active
|purpose =
|headquarters = [[Moscow]], Russia
|coordinates =
|owner =
|location =
|region_served =
|membership = 25 member states
|language = [[Russian language|Russian]]
|leader_title = Director General
|leader_name = Ksenia Drozdova<ref>{{cite web|url=http://intersputnik.int/about/direction/|title=Directorate|website=Intersputnik.net|access-date=March 4, 2021}}</ref>
|main_organ =
|parent_organization =
|affiliations =
|num_staff =
|num_volunteers =
|budget =
|website = {{URL|https://intersputnik.int/|intersputnik.int}}
|remarks =
}}
⚫
The '''Intersputnik International Organization of Space Communications''', commonly known as '''Intersputnik''', is an international [[satellite]] communications services organization founded on 15 November 1971, in [[Moscow]] by the [[Soviet Union]] along with a group of seven formerly socialist states ([[Poland]], [[Czechoslovakia]], [[East Germany]], [[Hungary]], [[Romania]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Mongolia]]) and [[Cuba]].

The objective was and continues to be the development and common use of [[communications satellites]]. It was created as the Eastern Bloc's response to the Western [[Intelsat]] organization. As of 2024 the organization has 25 member states.

⚫
Intersputnik nowadays is a commercially aligned organization. It operates 12 satellites in orbit and 41 [[Transponder (satellite communications)|transponders]]. In June 1997 Intersputnik created the '''Lockheed Martin Intersputnik''' (LMI) joint venture together with [[Lockheed Martin]], which built and operated the satellites of the same name. In September 2006, Lockheed Martin Intersputnik was acquired by [[Asia Broadcast Satellite]] (ABS).

== History ==
Initially, the Intersputnik system was created on the basis of the Soviet Orbit-2 satellite broadcasting network and was designed to serve the countries participating in the '''Council for Mutual Economic Assistance''' ([[Comecon]]). The main system and technical developments were carried out by [[NIIR]], radio receiving equipment was produced at the Moscow Radio Engineering Plant, antenna-feeder devices at the Podolsk Electromechanical Plant, radio transmitting and channel-forming equipment was manufactured by the Krasnoyarsk TV Plant.

In the initial version, Intersputnik used [[Highly elliptical orbit|highly elliptical satellites]] of the [[Molniya (satellite)|Molniya-3]] type, and in 1978 it began using [[geostationary satellite]]s of the [[Gorizont]] type. Receiving complexes "Orbita-2" with transmitters "Gradient-K" and channel-forming equipment RS-1<!--Blacklinked in Russian WP, and no article-->, RS-2 operated at the earth stations. In the process of modernization, the transmitters were replaced by more modern Helikon type with a power of 3&nbsp;kW and new channel-forming equipment “Gradient-N” began to be used. Subsequently, the '''Research Institute for Telecommunication''' (TKI) in [[Budapest]] took part in the development of the equipment for Intersputnik, and factories in [[Hungary]] and [[Czechoslovakia]] were connected to production.<ref>Vonog A. I. [http://r91353ba.beget.tech/intersputnik.html Intersputnik system]. ''Krasnoyarsk TV plant''. Our story. Retrieved March 4, 2021.</ref>


== Member states ==
== Member states ==
{{col-begin}}
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* {{Flag|Afghanistan|2013}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Member Countries |url=https://intersputnik.int/about/countries/?view=list |website=Intersputnik |access-date=24 July 2022}}</ref>
{{col-3}}
* {{AFG|Afghanistan}}
* {{AZE|Aserbaidschan}}
* {{AZE|Aserbaidschan}}
* {{BLR|Weißrussland}}
* {{BLR|Weißrussland}}
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* {{CZE|Tschechien}}
* {{CZE|Tschechien}}
* {{GEO|Georgien}}
* {{GEO|Georgien}}
* {{DEU|Deutschland}} (As the legal successor to the [[East Germany|GDR]])
* {{HUN|Ungarn}}
* {{HUN|Ungarn}}
* {{IND|Indien}}
* {{IND|Indien}}
* {{KAZ|Kasachstan}}
* {{KAZ|Kasachstan}}
* {{KGZ|Kirgisistan}}
* {{KGZ|Kirgisistan}}
{{col-3}}
* {{LAO|Laos}}
* {{LAO|Laos}}
* {{MGL|Mongolei}}
* {{MGL|Mongolei}}
Line 33: Line 72:
* {{VIE|Vietnam}}
* {{VIE|Vietnam}}
* {{YEM|Jemen}}
* {{YEM|Jemen}}
{{col-3}}
[[Image:Intersputnik - państwa członkowskie.png|right|350px]]
[[Image:Intersputnik - państwa członkowskie.png|right|350px]]
{{col-end}}
{{div col end}}


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[Ground station]]s
* [[Communications satellite]]
* [[Communications satellite]]
* [[Submarine communications cable]]
* [[Eutelsat]]
* [[European Telecommunications Satellite Organization]]
* [[Inmarsat]]

* [[Intelsat]]
== References ==
* [[SES S.A.]]
{{reflist}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
*{{Official website|http://www.intersputnik.com}}
*{{Official website|http://www.intersputnik.int}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121015131325/http://azercosmos.az/assets/Uploads/NewFolder-2/13Intersputnik-immunities.pdf Agreement on the legal capacity, privileges and immunities], Berlin, 20 September 1976
*[http://www.satnews.com/intersputnik/intersputnik.html satnews.com]
*[http://www.satnews.com/intersputnik/intersputnik.html satnews.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070711154654/http://www.satnews.com/intersputnik/intersputnik.html |date=2007-07-11 }}
*[http://english.pravda.ru/region/2001/11/28/22211.html english.pravda.ru]
*[http://english.pravda.ru/region/2001/11/28/22211.html english.pravda.ru]
*[http://www.un.org/events/unispace3/speeches/20sput.htm un.org]
*[https://www.un.org/events/unispace3/speeches/20sput.htm un.org]
⚫
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070816124457/http://www.dlr.de/archiv/geschichte.htm dlr.de]
*[http://www.mlesat.com/Archive2.html mlesat.com]
⚫
*[http://www.dlr.de/archiv/geschichte.htm dlr.de]


{{Satcomm}}
{{Public sector space agencies}}
{{Public sector space agencies}}
{{Telecommunications}}
{{Telecommunications}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Communications satellites]]
[[Category:Communications satellites]]
⚫
[[Category:Organizations based in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Science and technology in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Science and technology in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Space program of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Space program of the Soviet Union]]
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[[Category:Foreign relations of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Foreign relations of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Eastern Bloc]]
[[Category:Eastern Bloc]]
[[Category:Germany–Soviet Union relations]]
[[Category:East Germany–Soviet Union relations]]
[[Category:Poland–Soviet Union relations]]
[[Category:Poland–Soviet Union relations]]
[[Category:Hungary–Soviet Union relations]]
[[Category:Hungary–Soviet Union relations]]
Line 73: Line 114:
[[Category:1971 establishments in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:1971 establishments in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Bulgaria–Soviet Union relations]]
[[Category:Bulgaria–Soviet Union relations]]
⚫
[[Category:Communications in the Soviet Union]]

[[Category:Communications satellites of Russia]]
[[az:İntersputnik Beynəlxalq kosmik rabitə təşkilatı]]
[[cs:Intersputnik]]
[[de:Intersputnik]]
[[fr:Interspoutnik]]
[[id:Intersputnik]]
[[ja:インタースプートニク]]
[[no:Intersputnik]]
[[pl:Intersputnik]]
[[ru:Интерспутник]]
[[fi:Intersputnik]]
[[vi:Intersputnik]]

Latest revision as of 12:28, 22 December 2024

Intersputnik
Intersputnik International Organization of Space Communications
Formation15 November 1971; 53 years ago (15 November 1971)
Legal statusActive
HeadquartersMoscow, Russia
Membership25 member states
Official language
Russian
Director General
Ksenia Drozdova[1]
Websiteintersputnik.int

The Intersputnik International Organization of Space Communications, commonly known as Intersputnik, is an international satellite communications services organization founded on 15 November 1971, in Moscow by the Soviet Union along with a group of seven formerly socialist states (Poland, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Mongolia) and Cuba.

The objective was and continues to be the development and common use of communications satellites. It was created as the Eastern Bloc's response to the Western Intelsat organization. As of 2024 the organization has 25 member states.

Intersputnik nowadays is a commercially aligned organization. It operates 12 satellites in orbit and 41 transponders. In June 1997 Intersputnik created the Lockheed Martin Intersputnik (LMI) joint venture together with Lockheed Martin, which built and operated the satellites of the same name. In September 2006, Lockheed Martin Intersputnik was acquired by Asia Broadcast Satellite (ABS).

History

[edit]

Initially, the Intersputnik system was created on the basis of the Soviet Orbit-2 satellite broadcasting network and was designed to serve the countries participating in the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon). The main system and technical developments were carried out by NIIR, radio receiving equipment was produced at the Moscow Radio Engineering Plant, antenna-feeder devices at the Podolsk Electromechanical Plant, radio transmitting and channel-forming equipment was manufactured by the Krasnoyarsk TV Plant.

In the initial version, Intersputnik used highly elliptical satellites of the Molniya-3 type, and in 1978 it began using geostationary satellites of the Gorizont type. Receiving complexes "Orbita-2" with transmitters "Gradient-K" and channel-forming equipment RS-1, RS-2 operated at the earth stations. In the process of modernization, the transmitters were replaced by more modern Helikon type with a power of 3 kW and new channel-forming equipment “Gradient-N” began to be used. Subsequently, the Research Institute for Telecommunication (TKI) in Budapest took part in the development of the equipment for Intersputnik, and factories in Hungary and Czechoslovakia were connected to production.[2]

Member states

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Directorate". Intersputnik.net. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  2. ^ Vonog A. I. Intersputnik system. Krasnoyarsk TV plant. Our story. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  3. ^ "Member Countries". Intersputnik. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
[edit]
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