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Latin gamma + "{{Transliteration|Mong" to "{{Script|Cyrl". Relevant discussion can be found at Template_talk:Transliteration#Underdocumented_error_type.
 
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⚫
{{Main|Mongolian script|Mongolian writing systems|Mongolian language}}
{{Short description|Letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages}}
{{Short description|Letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages}}


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== Mongolian language ==
== Mongolian language ==
{{Wiktionary|ᠫ}}
{{Wiktionary|ᠫ}}
⚫
{{Main|Mongolian script|Mongolian writing systems|Mongolian language}}
{{Infobox Mongolian script letter
{{Infobox Mongolian script letter
|heading = Pa
|heading = Pa
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}}
}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; display: inline-table;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; display: inline-table;"
! colspan="2" style="text-align: left" |Letter<ref name="Poppe1974">{{Cite book |last=Poppe |first=Nicholas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mVKR3Da2B7MC |title=Grammar of Written Mongolian |date=1974 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |isbn=978-3-447-00684-2 |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|pages=12, 15, 17, 23}}<ref name="Daniels1996">{{Cite book |last=Daniels |first=Peter T. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ospMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA545 |title=The World's Writing Systems |last2=Bright |first2=William |date=1996 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-507993-7 |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|page=546}}<ref name="Sanders2015">{{Cite book |last=Bat-Ireedui |first=Jantsangiyn |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tbhgCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA211 |title=Colloquial Mongolian: The Complete Course for Beginners |last2=Sanders |first2=Alan J. K. |date=2015-08-14 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-30598-9 |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|pages=212–213}}
! colspan="2" style="text-align: left" |Letter<ref name="Poppe1974">{{Cite book |last=Poppe |first=Nicholas |url=https://archive.org/details/poppegrammarofwrittenmongolian1974/page/n1/mode/1up |title=Grammar of Written Mongolian |year=1974 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |isbn=978-3-447-00684-2 |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|pages=12, 15, 17, 23}}<ref name="Daniels1996">{{Cite book |last1=Daniels |first1=Peter T. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ospMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA545 |title=The World's Writing Systems |last2=Bright |first2=William |year=1996 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-507993-7 |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|page=546}}<ref name="Sanders2015">{{Cite book |last1=Bat-Ireedui |first1=Jantsangiyn |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tbhgCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA211 |title=Colloquial Mongolian: The Complete Course for Beginners |last2=Sanders |first2=Alan J. K. |date=2015-08-14 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-30598-9 |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|pages=212–213}}
|-
|-
! style="min-width: 1.75em" |{{Transliteration|Mong|p}}
! style="min-width: 1.75em" |{{Transliteration|Mong|p}}
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|}
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; display: inline-table;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; display: inline-table;"
! colspan="5" style="text-align: left" |C-V syllables<ref name="Skorodumova2000">{{Cite book |last=Skorodumova |first=L. G. |url=http://altaica.ru/manuals/skorodumova_staromong.pdf |title=Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык |date=2000 |publisher=Muravey-Gayd |isbn=5-8463-0015-4 |language=ru}}</ref>{{Rp|page=46}}
! colspan="5" style="text-align: left" |C-V syllables<ref name="Skorodumova2000">{{Cite book |last=Skorodumova |first=L. G. |url=http://altaica.ru/manuals/skorodumova_staromong.pdf |title=Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk |year=2000 |publisher=Muravey-Gayd |isbn=5-8463-0015-4 |language=ru |script-title=ru:Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык}}</ref>{{Rp|page=46}}
|-
|-
! style="min-width: 1.75em" |{{Transliteration|Mong|pa}}, {{Transliteration|Mong|pe}}
! style="min-width: 1.75em" |{{Transliteration|Mong|pa}}, {{Transliteration|Mong|pe}}
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! style="text-align: left" |Final
! style="text-align: left" |Final
|}
|}
* Transcribes [[Chakhar Mongolian#Phonology|Chakhar]] {{IPAslink|p}};<ref name="CJVLang2013">{{Cite web |title=Mongolian Traditional Script |url=http://www.cjvlang.com/Writing/writmongol/index.html |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site}}</ref><ref name="StudyMn2013">{{Cite web |title=Writing – Study Mongolian |url=http://www.studymongolian.net/lessons/basics/writing/ |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=Study Mongolian |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Mongolian language#Phonology|Khalkha]] {{IPAslink|pʰ}}.<ref name="Svantesson2005">{{Cite book |last=Svantesson |first=Jan-Olof |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hQVREAAAQBAJ |title=The Phonology of Mongolian |last2=Tsendina |first2=Anna |last3=Karlsson |first3=Anastasia |last4=Franzen |first4=Vivan |date=2005-02-10 |publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-151461-6 |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|pages=40–42}} Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter {{Transliteration|Mong|[[Pe (Cyrillic)|п]]}}.<ref name="Skorodumova2000" /><ref name="EKIMn2006" />
* Transcribes [[Chakhar Mongolian#Phonology|Chakhar]] {{IPAslink|p}};<ref name="CJVLang2013">{{Cite web |title=Mongolian Traditional Script |url=http://www.cjvlang.com/Writing/writmongol/index.html |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site}}</ref><ref name="StudyMn2013">{{Cite web |title=Writing – Study Mongolian |url=http://www.studymongolian.net/lessons/basics/writing/ |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=Study Mongolian |date=August 2013 |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Mongolian language#Phonology|Khalkha]] {{IPAslink|pʰ}}.<ref name="Svantesson2005">{{Cite book |last1=Svantesson |first1=Jan-Olof |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hQVREAAAQBAJ |title=The Phonology of Mongolian |last2=Tsendina |first2=Anna |last3=Karlsson |first3=Anastasia |last4=Franzen |first4=Vivan |date=2005-02-10 |publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-151461-6 |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|pages=40–42}} Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter {{Script|Cyrl|[[Pe (Cyrillic)|п]]}}.<ref name="Skorodumova2000" /><ref name="EKIMn2006" />
* Only at the beginning of Mongolian words (although words with an initial ''{{Transliteration|Mong|p}}'' tend to be foreign).<ref name="EKIMn2015">{{Cite web |url=https://www.eki.ee/knab/lat/kblcmg2.pdf |title=Mongolian / ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ Moŋġol |website=Institute of the Estonian Language |date=2015-12-27}}</ref>{{Rp|page=5}}<ref name="Janhunen2012">{{Cite book |last=Janhunen |first=Juha A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SAlwcg9ioPMC |title=Mongolian |date=2012 |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing |isbn=978-90-272-3820-7 |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|page=27}}<ref name="CJVLang2013" />
* Only at the beginning of Mongolian words (although words with an initial ''{{Transliteration|Mong|p}}'' tend to be foreign).<ref name="EKIMn2015">{{Cite web |url=https://www.eki.ee/knab/lat/kblcmg2.pdf |title=Mongolian / ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ Moŋġol |website=Institute of the Estonian Language |date=2015-12-27}}</ref>{{Rp|page=5}}<ref name="Janhunen2012">{{Cite book |last=Janhunen |first=Juha A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SAlwcg9ioPMC |title=Mongolian |year=2012 |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing |isbn=978-90-272-3820-7 |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|page=27}}<ref name="CJVLang2013" />
* [[Galik alphabet|Galik]] letter, derived from Mongolian ''{{Transliteration|Mong|[[Ba (Mongolic)#Mongolian language|b]]}}''.<ref name="Janhunen2006">{{Cite book |last=Janhunen |first=Juha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DuCRAgAAQBAJ |title=The Mongolic Languages |date=2006-01-27 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-79690-7 |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|page=35}}
* [[Galik alphabet|Galik]] letter, derived from Mongolian ''{{Transliteration|Mong|[[Ba (Mongolic)#Mongolian language|b]]}}''.<ref name="Janhunen2006">{{Cite book |last=Janhunen |first=Juha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DuCRAgAAQBAJ |title=The Mongolic Languages |date=2006-01-27 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-79690-7 |language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|page=35}}
* Produced with {{Key press|P}} using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.<ref>{{Cite web |last=jowilco |title=Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization |url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/globalization/windows-keyboard-layouts |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=Microsoft Docs |language=en-us}}</ref>
* Produced with {{Key press|P}} using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.<ref>{{Cite web |last=jowilco |title=Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization |url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/globalization/windows-keyboard-layouts |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=Microsoft Docs |language=en-us}}</ref>
* In the [[Mongolian (Unicode block)|Mongolian Unicode block]], ''{{Transliteration|Mong|p}}'' comes after ''{{Transliteration|Mong|[[Ba (Mongolic)#Mongolian language|b]]}}'' and before ''{{Transliteration|Mong|[[Qa (Mongolic)#Mongolian language|q/k]]}}''.
* In the [[Mongolian (Unicode block)|Mongolian Unicode block]], ''{{Transliteration|Mong|p}}'' comes after ''{{Transliteration|Mong|[[Ba (Mongolic)#Mongolian language|b]]}}'' and before ''{{Transliteration|Mong|[[Qa (Mongolic)#Mongolian language|q/k]]}}''.


<!-- Possible to include:
== Clear Script ==
== Clear Script ==
* {{Wiktionary|ᡌ}}
{{Wiktionary|ᡌ}}
{{Main|Clear Script}}


== Xibe language ==
== Xibe language ==
* {{Wiktionary|ᡦ}}
{{Wiktionary|ᡦ}}
{{Main|Xibe language#Alphabet}}


== Manchu language ==
== Manchu language ==
* {{Wiktionary|ᡦ}} -->
{{Wiktionary|ᡦ}}
{{Main|Manchu alphabet}}


== Notes ==
== Notes ==

Latest revision as of 00:09, 23 December 2024

Pa is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.[1]: 549–551 

Mongolian language

[edit]
Look up ᠫ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Main articles: Mongolian script, Mongolian writing systems, and Mongolian language
Pa
The Mongolian script
Mongolian vowels
ᠠ
a
ᠡ
e
ᠢ
i
ᠣ
o
ᠤ
u
ᠥ
ö
ᠦ
ü
ᠧ
(ē)
Mongolian consonants
ᠨ
n
ᠩ
ng
ᠪ
b
ᠫ
(p)
ᠬ
q/k
ᠭ
ɣ/g
ᠮ
m
ᠯ
l
ᠰ
s
ᠱ
š
ᠲ
t
ᠳ
d
ᠴ
č
ᠵ
ǰ
ᠶ
y
ᠷ
r
ᠸ
(w)
Foreign consonants
Letter[2]: 12, 15, 17, 23 [3]: 546 [4]: 212–213 
p Transliteration[note 1]
ᠫ‍ Initial
‍ᠫ‍ Medial (syllable-initial)
— Medial (syllable-final)
(‍ᠫ) Final[note 2]
C-V syllables[6]: 46 
pa, pe pi po, pu pö, pü Transliteration
ᠫᠠ ᠫᠢ ᠫᠣ ᠫᠥ᠋ Alone
ᠫᠠ‍ ᠫᠢ‍ ᠫᠣ‍ ᠫᠥ‍ Initial
‍ᠫᠠ‍ ‍ᠫᠢ‍ ‍ᠫᠣ‍ Medial
‍ᠫᠠ ‍ᠫᠢ ‍ᠫᠣ Final
  • Transcribes Chakhar /p/;[7][8] Khalkha /pʰ/.[9]: 40–42  Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter п.[6][5]
  • Only at the beginning of Mongolian words (although words with an initial p tend to be foreign).[10]: 5 [11]: 27 [7]
  • Galik letter, derived from Mongolian b.[12]: 35 
  • Produced with P using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.[13]
  • In the Mongolian Unicode block, p comes after b and before q/k.

Clear Script

[edit]
Look up ᡌ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Main article: Clear Script

Xibe language

[edit]
Look up ᡦ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Main article: Xibe language § Alphabet

Manchu language

[edit]
Look up ᡦ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Main article: Manchu alphabet

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Scholarly transliteration.[5]
  2. ^ Not found in native Mongolian words.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  2. ^ Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
  3. ^ Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.
  4. ^ Bat-Ireedui, Jantsangiyn; Sanders, Alan J. K. (2015-08-14). Colloquial Mongolian: The Complete Course for Beginners. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-30598-9.
  5. ^ a b "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.
  6. ^ a b Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.
  7. ^ a b "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  8. ^ "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  9. ^ Svantesson, Jan-Olof; Tsendina, Anna; Karlsson, Anastasia; Franzen, Vivan (2005-02-10). The Phonology of Mongolian. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-151461-6.
  10. ^ "Mongolian / ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ Moŋġol" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2015-12-27.
  11. ^ Janhunen, Juha A. (2012). Mongolian. John Benjamins Publishing. ISBN 978-90-272-3820-7.
  12. ^ Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.
  13. ^ jowilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
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