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{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
| name = Bagri
| name = Bagri
| ethnicity = [[Bagri clan|Bagri]]
| ethnicity = Bagris
| nativename = बागड़ी
| nativename = बागड़ी
| image = Bagri language.svg
| image = Bagri language.svg
| imagecaption = The word "Bagri" written in [[Devanagari script]]
| imagecaption = The word "Bagri" written in [[Devanagari script]]
| states = {{ubl|[[India]], [[Pakistan]]}}
| states = [[India]]
| region = [[Bagar tract#Bagri region|Bagar]]
| region = [[Bagar tract#Bagri region|Bagar]]
| speakers = 8,556,652
| speakers = 8,556,652
Line 19: Line 19:
| fam3 = [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]
| fam3 = [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]
| fam4 = [[Western Indo-Aryan languages|Western]]
| fam4 = [[Western Indo-Aryan languages|Western]]
| fam5 = [[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]]<ref>https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10973/18895/GIPE-070453.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y|Bagri is classified under Rajasthani language since census 1931 according to Government of India which is available in the provided official pdf</ref>
| fam5 = Rajasthani<ref>https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10973/18895/GIPE-070453.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y|Bagri is classified under Rajasthani language since census 1931 according to Government of India which is available in the provided official pdf</ref>
| minority = Haryana, Punjab
| minority = [[Haryana]], [[Punjab]], [[Rajasthan]]
| script = [[Devanagari]], [[Arabic script]]
| script = [[Devanagari]], [[Gurmukhi]]
| iso3 = bgq
| iso3 = bgq
| glotto = bagr1243
| glotto = bagr1243
| glottorefname = Bagri
| glottorefname = Bagri
| map = {{maplink
|frame=yes
|frame-align=left
|stroke-width=0.5
|type=shape
|id=Q117230972
|title=Anupgarh district
|fill=#FF9933
|type2=shape
|stroke-width2=0.5
|id2=Q1419696
|title2=Sri Ganganagar district
|fill2=#FF9933
|type3=shape
|stroke-width3=0.5
|id3=Q1356112
|title3=Hanumangarh district
|fill3=#FF9933
|type4=shape
|stroke-width4=0.5
|id4=Q778996
|title4=Bikaner district
|fill4=#FF9933
|type5=shape
|stroke-width5=0.5
|id5=Q1090006
|title5=Churu district
|fill5=#FF9933
|type6=shape
|stroke-width6=0.5
|id6=Q188702
|title6=Fazilka district
|fill6=#FF9933
|type7=shape
|id7=Q1947359
|stroke-width7=0.5
|title7=Muktsar district
|fill7=#FF9933
|type8=shape
|id8=Q526101
|stroke-width8=0.5
|title8=Sirsa District
|fill8=#FF9933
|type9=shape
|id9=Q2301753
|stroke-width9=0.5
|title9=Fatehabad district
|fill9=#FF9933
|type10=shape
|id10=Q1815773
|stroke-width10=0.5
|title10=Hisar district
|fill10=#FF9933
|type11=shape
|id11=Q1852857
|stroke-width11=0.5
|title11=Bhiwani district
|fill11=#FF9933
|type12=shape
|id12=Q28172110
|title12=Charkhi Dadri district
|stroke-width12=0.5
|fill12=#FF9933
|map_caption=Geographical extent of Bagar region: Anupgarh district, Sri Ganganagar district, Hanumangarh district, Bikaner district, Churu district, Fazilka district, Muktsar district, Sirsa District, Fatehabad district, Hisar district, Bhiwani district, and Charkhi Dadri district (all shown in Kesari).
}}
| mapcaption = Bagar Region
}}
}}
The '''Bagri''' (बागड़ी) is a [[Dialect continuum|dialect bridge]] between [[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]], and [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and takes its name from the [[Bagar region|Bagar]] region of [[Northwestern India]] in the states of Rajasthan, Indian Punjab and Haryana.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/revised_settlement_hisar.pdf |title=Revised Land and Revenue Settlement of Hisar District 9006-9011 |access-date=26 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517124050/http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/revised_settlement_hisar.pdf |archive-date=17 May 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The speakers are mostly in [[India]], with a minority of them in [[Bahawalpur]] and [[Bahawalnagar|Bhawalnagar]] areas in modern day [[Pakistan]].


Bagri is a typical [[Indo-Aryan language]] akin to[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Rajasthani languages|Rajasthani]] with [[Subject–object–verb|SOV]] [[word order]]. The most striking [[phonological]] feature of Bagri is the presence of three lexical [[Tone (linguistics)|tone]]s: high, mid, and low, akin to Punjabi.{{sfn|Gusain|2000|p=14}} The language has a very high (70%) lexical similarity with Puadhi dialect of [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]].
The '''Bagri''' is a dialect bridge of [[Rajasthani languages|Rajasthani]], [[Haryanvi language|Haryanvi]] & [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and takes its name from the [[Bagar region|Bagar tract]] region of [[Northwestern India]] in the states of [[Rajasthan]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] and [[Haryana]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/revised_settlement_hisar.pdf |title=Revised Land and Revenue Settlement of Hisar District 9006-9011 |access-date=26 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517124050/http://revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/revised_settlement_hisar.pdf |archive-date=17 May 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The language has a very high (70%) lexical similarity with Haryanvi. Bagri is a typical [[Indo-Aryan language]] akin to Haryanvi, Punjabi and Rajasthani with [[Subject–object–verb|SOV]] [[word order]]. The most striking [[phonological]] feature of Bagri is the presence of three lexical [[Tone (linguistics)|tone]]s: high, mid, and low, akin to Rajasthani, Haryanvi, Punjabi.


According to the 2011 Census, there are 234,227 speakers of Bagri Rajasthani and 1,656,588 speakers of Punjabi Bagri.<ref>[https://censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf Census of India 2011]</ref>
The speakers are mostly in [[India]], with a minority of them in [[Bahawalpur]] and [[Bahawalnagar|Bahwalnagar]] areas in modern day [[Pakistan]]. According to the [[2011 census of India]], there are 234,227 speakers of Rajasthani Bagri and 1,656,588 speakers of Punjabi Bagri.<ref>[https://censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf Census of India 2011]</ref>


== Geographical distribution==
== Geographical distribution==
Line 51: Line 116:
|-
|-
| '''Haryana''' ||
| '''Haryana''' ||
*[[Sirsa district]] ( not including North-eastern punjabi Kalawali Mandi region),
*[[Sirsa district]] ( not including North-eastern punjabi Kalanwali Mandi region),
*[[Fatehabad, Haryana|Fatehabad district]] upto the [[Ghaggar-Hakra River|Ghaggar River]],<ref name="researchgate.net">https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-map-shows-study-area-and-the-Eco-cultural-regions-of-Haryana-Modified-after-Singh_fig2_364830044</ref>
*[[Fatehabad, Haryana|Fatehabad district]] upto the [[Ghaggar-Hakra River|Ghaggar River]],<ref name="researchgate.net">{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-map-shows-study-area-and-the-Eco-cultural-regions-of-Haryana-Modified-after-Singh_fig2_364830044|title=The map shows study area and the Eco-cultural regions of Haryana... &#124; Download Scientific Diagram}}</ref>
*[[Barwala, Hisar|Barwala]], [[Adampur]] and [[Hisar city|Hisar]] tehsils of [[Hisar district]].<ref name="GL1" /><ref name="GL2" />
*[[Barwala, Hisar|Barwala]], [[Adampur]] and [[Hisar city|Hisar]] tehsils of [[Hisar district]].<ref name="GL1" /><ref name="GL2" />
* [[Siwani]] and western part [[Loharu]] of [[Bhiwani district]]<ref name="researchgate.net"/>
* [[Siwani]] and western part [[Loharu]] of [[Bhiwani district]]<ref name="researchgate.net"/>
Line 191: Line 256:
*The third person pronouns are distinguished on the proximity/remoteness dimension in each gender.
*The third person pronouns are distinguished on the proximity/remoteness dimension in each gender.
*Adjectives are of two types: either ending in /-o/ or not.
*Adjectives are of two types: either ending in /-o/ or not.
*Cardinal numbers up to ten are inflected.
*Cardinal numbers up to ten are infected.
*Both present and past participles function as adjectives.
*Both present and past participles function as adjectives.


Line 203: Line 268:


==Samples==
==Samples==
{{unreferenced section|date=April 2023}}
{{fs interlinear|तेरो नाम के है|Tero nām ki ah|What is your name?}}
{{fs interlinear|किन्नै जावै है?|kithe jänna pyā|Where are you going?}}
{{fs interlinear|इन्नै /उरने आ|Kìthe ā|Come here}}
{{fs interlinear|क्यूकर है?|te kon ah|How are you?}}
{{fs interlinear|तन्नै कुचरणीं ही करनी है के?|tannai kučaraṇīṃ hī karni hai ke|Do you only want to disturb things?}}
{{fs interlinear|बातां गा पीसा लागै है.|bātāṃ gā pīsā lāgai ah|Talking costs money.}}
{{fs interlinear|के करे है?|ki kārda pyē|What are you doing?}}
{{fs interlinear|रोळो है के कोई तेरै|rollo ha ke koī terai|Do you have any problem?}}
{{fs interlinear|रोळो है के कोई तेरै|rollo ha ke koī terai|Do you have any problem?}}
{{fs interlinear|तू कठै गयैड़ो हो|too kathai gayairo ho|Where did you go?}}
{{fs interlinear|तू कठै गयैड़ो हो|too kithe gayairo a|Where did you go?}}
⚫
{{fs interlinear||bhanda|Utensils}}
{{fs interlinear|कठैउं / कडूं आण लाग रह्यो है?|kaṭhū ān lāga rahyo ha|Where are you coming from?}}
⚫
{{fs interlinear|भांडा|bhanda|Utensils}}
{{fs interlinear|घोड़ो होव जिओं|Ghodo hov jiya|Like a horse}}
{{fs interlinear|घोड़ो होव जिओं|Ghodo hov jiya|Like a horse}}
{{fs interlinear|कोजवाड़|kojwād|Embarrassing.}}
{{fs interlinear|कोजवाड़|kojwād|Embarrassing.}}
{{fs interlinear|ब्या मे कुण आयो|bayha mai kun aayo|Who came in the marriage?}}
{{fs interlinear|ब्या मे कुण आयो|viahh ch kon pa|Who came in the marriage?}}
{{fs interlinear|टाबरो के करो हो|tabaro ke karo ho|What are you doing kids?}}
{{fs interlinear|टाबरो के करो हो|tabaro ke karo ho|What are you doing kids?}}
{{fs interlinear|गंडक|gandak|Dog}}
{{fs interlinear|टाबरो के करो हो|tabaro ke karo ho|What are you doing kids?}}
{{fs interlinear||Kutta |Dog}}


==Official status==
==Official status==
Line 260: Line 317:
{{Indo-Aryan languages}}
{{Indo-Aryan languages}}
{{Languages of India}}
{{Languages of India}}
⚫
[[Category:Haryanvi]]

[[Category:Haryanavi culture]]
[[Category:Haryanavi culture]]
[[Category:Rajasthani languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Languages of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Languages of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Languages of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Rajasthani languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Punjab, Pakistan]]
⚫
[[Category:Languages of Sindh]]
[[Category:Tonal languages in non-tonal families]]
[[Category:Tonal languages in non-tonal families]]
[[Category:Languages written in Devanagari]]
[[Category:Languages written in Devanagari]]

Latest revision as of 06:02, 23 December 2024

Not to be confused with Baar di boli.

Bagri
बागड़ी
The word "Bagri" written in Devanagari script
Native toIndia
RegionBagar
EthnicityBagris
Native speakers
8,556,652 (2011 census)[1]
Devanagari, Gurmukhi
Official status
Recognised minority
language in
Language codes
ISO 639-3bgq
Glottologbagr1243
Map
Map
Bagar Region

The Bagri is a dialect bridge of Rajasthani, Haryanvi & Punjabi and takes its name from the Bagar tract region of Northwestern India in the states of Rajasthan, Punjab and Haryana.[3] The language has a very high (70%) lexical similarity with Haryanvi. Bagri is a typical Indo-Aryan language akin to Haryanvi, Punjabi and Rajasthani with SOV word order. The most striking phonological feature of Bagri is the presence of three lexical tones: high, mid, and low, akin to Rajasthani, Haryanvi, Punjabi.

The speakers are mostly in India, with a minority of them in Bahawalpur and Bahwalnagar areas in modern day Pakistan. According to the 2011 census of India, there are 234,227 speakers of Rajasthani Bagri and 1,656,588 speakers of Punjabi Bagri.[4]

Geographical distribution

[edit]
The following table shows the Geographical distribution of Bagri speakers in the states of Rajasthan, Punjab and Haryana.
States Districts and tehsils
Rajasthan
Punjab
Haryana

Features

[edit]

Phonology

[edit]

Bagri distinguishes 31 consonants including a retroflex series, 10 vowels, 2 diphthongs, and 3 tones.

Consonants[9]
Labial Dental Retroflex Palatal Velar Glottal
plosive Voiceless p t ʈ ⟨ṭ⟩ c k
Aspirated pʰ tʰ ʈʰ ⟨ṭh⟩ cʰ kʰ
Voiced b d ɖ ⟨ḍ⟩ ɟ ⟨j⟩ g
Breathy bʰ dʰ ɖʰ ⟨ḍh⟩ ɟʰ ⟨jh⟩ gʰ
fricative s h
sonorant Nasal m n ɳ ⟨ṇ⟩
Approximant l ɭ ⟨ḷ⟩ j ⟨y⟩ w
Flap ɽ ⟨ṛ⟩
Trill r

/ɳ/, /ɭ/ and /ɽ/ do not occur word initially.

Vowels[9]
Front Central Back
Close iː ⟨ī⟩ uː ⟨ū⟩
Near-close ɪ ⟨i⟩ ʊ ⟨u⟩
Close-mid eː ⟨e⟩ ə ⟨a⟩ oː ⟨o⟩
Open-mid ɛː ⟨ai⟩ ɔː ⟨au⟩
Open aː ⟨ā⟩

All vowels have their nasalised counterpart, marked with ◌̃ (ँ in Devanagari).

Bagri has 3 tones in a similar way to the Punjabi language. A rising-falling tone ◌́,  a rising tone ◌̀, and an unmarked mid tone.[9]

Declension

[edit]
  • There are two numbers: singular and plural.
  • Two genders: masculine and feminine.
  • Three cases: simple, oblique, and vocative. Case marking is partly inflectional and partly postpositional.
  • Nouns are declined according to their final segments.
  • All pronouns are inflected for number and case but gender is distinguished only in the third person singular pronouns.
  • The third person pronouns are distinguished on the proximity/remoteness dimension in each gender.
  • Adjectives are of two types: either ending in /-o/ or not.
  • Cardinal numbers up to ten are infected.
  • Both present and past participles function as adjectives.

Verbs

[edit]
  • There are three tenses and four moods.

Syntax

[edit]
  • Sentence types are of traditional nature.[clarification needed]
  • Coordination and subordination are very important in complex sentences.
  • Parallel lexicon are existing and are very important from sociolinguistic point of view.[clarification needed]

Samples

[edit]

रोळो

rollo

है

ha

के

ke

कोई

koī

तेरै

terai

रोळो है के कोई तेरै

rollo ha ke koī terai

Do you have any problem?

तू

too

कठै

kithe

गयैड़ो

gayairo

हो

a

तू कठै गयैड़ो हो

too kithe gayairo a

Where did you go?

bhanda

bhanda

Utensils

घोड़ो

Ghodo

होव

hov

जिओं

jiya

घोड़ो होव जिओं

Ghodo hov jiya

Like a horse

कोजवाड़

kojwād

कोजवाड़

kojwād

Embarrassing.

ब्या

viahh

मे

ch

कुण

kon

आयो

pa

ब्या मे कुण आयो

viahh ch kon pa

Who came in the marriage?

टाबरो

tabaro

के

ke

करो

karo

हो

ho

टाबरो के करो हो

tabaro ke karo ho

What are you doing kids?

टाबरो

tabaro

के

ke

करो

karo

हो

ho

टाबरो के करो हो

tabaro ke karo ho

What are you doing kids?

Kutta

Kutta

Dog

Official status

[edit]

There are two varieties of Bagri, Bagri Rajasthani and Bagri Punjabi. During the census, Bagri Rajasthani, spoken in Haryana and Rajasthan, is considered a Hindi dialect while Bagri Punjabi, spoken in Punjab, is considered a Punjabi dialect.[10]

Work on Bagri

[edit]
  • Grierson, G. A. 1908. (Reprint 1968). Linguistic Survey of India. Volume IX, Part II. New Delhi: Motilal Banarasidass
  • Gusain, Lakhan. 1994. Reflexives in Bagri. M.Phil. dissertation. New Delhi: Jawaharlal Nehru University
  • Gusain, Lakhan. 1999. A Descriptive Grammar of Bagri. Ph.D. dissertation. New Delhi: Jawaharlal Nehru University
  • Gusain, Lakhan. 2000a. Limitations of Literacy in Bagri. Nicholas Ostler & Blair Rudes (eds.). Endangered Languages and Literacy. Proceedings of the Fourth FEL Conference. University of North Carolina, Charlotte, 21–24 September 2000
  • Gusain, Lakhan. 2000b. Bagri Grammar. Munich: Lincom Europa (Languages of the World/Materials, 384)
  • Gusain, Lakhan. 2008. Bagri Learners' Reference Grammar. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Northside Publishers
  • Wilson, J. 1883. Sirsa Settlement Report. Chandigarh: Government Press
[edit]

Regions where Bagri is spoken:

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011". www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
  2. ^ https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10973/18895/GIPE-070453.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y%7CBagri is classified under Rajasthani language since census 1931 according to Government of India which is available in the provided official pdf
  3. ^ "Revised Land and Revenue Settlement of Hisar District 9006-9011" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
  4. ^ Census of India 2011
  5. ^ a b c Gusain, Lakhan: Reflexives in Bagri. Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 1994
  6. ^ a b Gusain, Lakhan: Limitations of Literacy in Bagri. Nicholas Ostler & Blair Rudes (eds.). Endangered Languages and Literacy. Proceedings of the Fourth FEL Conference. University of North Carolina, Charlotte, 21–24 September 2000
  7. ^ Census India 2001
  8. ^ a b c "The map shows study area and the Eco-cultural regions of Haryana... | Download Scientific Diagram".
  9. ^ a b c Gusain, Lakhan. A Descriptive Grammar of Bagri. pp. 165–198.
  10. ^ "LANGUAGE - INDIA, STATES AND UNION TERRITORIES (Table C-16)" (PDF). Census of India 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2018.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Gusain, Lakhan (1999). A Descriptive Grammar of Bagri (PhD). Jawaharlal Nehru University. hdl:10603/16847.
  • Gusain, Lakhan (2000). Bagri. Languages of the world. Materials. Munich: LINCOM Europa. ISBN 978-3-89586-398-1.
[edit]
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