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{{Short description|Polish politician and diplomat (1873–1953)}}
[[Image:T Filipowicz.jpg|thumb|right|Tytus Filipowicz, before 1921]]
[[File:T Filipowicz.jpg|thumb|right|Tytus Filipowicz, before 1921]]
'''Tytus Filipowicz''' (1873-1953) was a Polish politician and diplomat.
'''Tytus Filipowicz''' (1873–1953) was a Polish politician and diplomat.


==Life==
⚫
Filipowicz was born on 21 November 1873 in [[Warsaw]]. He attended a school in [[Dąbrowa Górnicza]]. He worked as a miner, and became a [[socialist]] political activist, from 1895 he was active in the Worker's Commiittee of Dąbrowa.<ref name=gazeta>{{pl icon}} Zygmunt Woźniczka, [http://miasta.gazeta.pl/katowice/1,75275,3735624.html ''Ci, którzy rozsławili Dąbrowę Górniczą''], gazeta.pl, 2006-11-14</ref> He became an active member of the [[Polish Socialist Party]] (PPS), where he was an editor of a socialist paper for miners ("Górnika").<ref name=gazeta/> In 1901 he was arrested the authorities, but escaped to [[Warsaw]]. During the PPS split he and [[Polish Socialist Party - Revolution Faction]], and became a close collaborator of future Polish statesman, [[Jozef Pilsudski]].<ref name=kor>Kornat, Marek; ''Posłowie i ambasadorzy polscy w Związku Sowieckim (1921–1939 i 1941–1943)'' [Polish Diplomatic Representatives and Ambassadors in Soviet Union (1921–1939 and 1941–1943], The Polish Diplomatic Review (5 (21)/2004), 5 (21)/2004:129-203, [http://www.ceeol.com/aspx/issuedetails.aspx?issueid=c2af9d6d-c471-47a7-a401-b75e16082725&articleId=7af32eb3-090b-4683-b647-5f2071d36efe online]</ref> He accompanied Pilsudski on his trip to Japan in 1904;<ref name=kor/> in 1905 he was imprisoned by the [[Russian Empire]] in the [[Warsaw Citadel]] but escaped.<ref name=kor/>
Filipowicz was born on 21 November 1873 in [[Warsaw]]. He attended school in [[Dąbrowa Górnicza]]. He worked as a coal miner and became a [[socialist]] political activist; from 1895 he was active in the Dąbrowa Workers' Committee.<ref name=gazeta>{{in lang|pl}} Zygmunt Woźniczka, [http://miasta.gazeta.pl/katowice/1,75275,3735624.html "''Ci, którzy rozsławili Dąbrowę Górniczą''"], ''gazeta.pl'', 2006-11-14</ref> He became an active member of the [[Polish Socialist Party]] (''PPS'') and editor of a socialist paper for miners (''Górnik'', Miner).<ref name=gazeta/> In 1901 he was arrested by the authorities but escaped to Russian-ruled [[Warsaw]].


⚫
During the ''PPS'' split, he sided with the [[Polish Socialist Party – Revolutionary Faction]] and became a close collaborator of future Polish statesman [[Józef Piłsudski]].<ref name=kor>Marek Kornat, "''Posłowie i ambasadorzy polscy w Związku Sowieckim (1921–1939 i 1941–1943)''" ("Polish Diplomatic Representatives and Ambassadors in the Soviet Union (1921–39 and 1941–43"), ''The Polish Diplomatic Review'', 5 (21)/2004, pp. 129-203 [http://www.ceeol.com/aspx/issuedetails.aspx?issueid=c2af9d6d-c471-47a7-a401-b75e16082725&articleId=7af32eb3-090b-4683-b647-5f2071d36efe online]</ref> He accompanied Piłsudski on his 1904 voyage to [[Japan]].<ref name=kor/> In 1905 Filipowicz was imprisoned by the [[Russian Empire]] in the [[Warsaw Citadel]], but escaped.<ref name=kor/>
⚫
In the period of the [[Second Polish Republic]], he was briefly the deputy<ref name=wp>[{{pl icon}} [http://www.wspolnota-polska.org.pl/index.php?id=b98_11_2 Telegram], short bio note in an article in Czasopismo "Wspólnota Polska"</ref> or acting [[Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs]] (11 November 1918 - 17 November 1918)<ref>[http://rulers.org/polgov.html Polish Ministries]</ref> (sources vary). Later, he was nominated the Polish ambassador to [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] (due to his involvement in the [[Prometheism]] plan), but due to [[Soviet invasion of Georgia]] (which subsequently become occupied and annexed as the [[Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic|Georgian SSR]]) he did not take this post (but was instead arrested there by the Soviets and interned).<ref name=kor/> After the [[treaty of Riga]] ended the [[Polish-Soviet War]] in 1921, he become the first Polish [[chargé d'affaires]] in [[USSR]], organizing the Polish embassy there.<ref name=kor/> Later, he was a Polish diplomat in [[Finland]], [[Belgium]] and [[United States]] (1929-1932).<ref name=gazeta/> He returned to USSR in 1933 for another brief posting as an ambassador there.<ref name=wp/>


⚫
Under the [[Second Polish Republic]], he was briefly deputy<ref name=wp>[{{in lang|pl}} [http://www.wspolnota-polska.org.pl/index.php?id=b98_11_2 Telegram], short biographical note in an article in the periodical ''Wspólnota Polska''</ref> or acting (sources vary) [[Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs]] (11–17 November 1918).<ref>[http://rulers.org/polgov.html Polish Ministries]</ref> Later he was named Poland's ambassador to [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]—due to his involvement in Piłsudski's [[Prometheism|Prometheist]] project—but in the aftermath of the [[Soviet invasion of Georgia]] (which was subsequently annexed as the [[Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic]]) he did not assume this post but was instead arrested there by the Soviets and interned.<ref name=kor/> After the [[treaty of Riga]] ended the [[Polish-Soviet War]] in 1921, he became the first Polish [[chargé d'affaires]] in the [[Soviet Union]], organizing the Polish embassy there.<ref name=kor/> Later he was a diplomat in [[Finland]], [[Belgium]] and the [[Polish ambassador to the United States|United States]] (1929-32).<ref name=gazeta/>
In 1934 he cofunded the [[Polish Radical Party]] (''Polska Partia Radykalna'') with [[Gabriel Czechowicz]].<ref name=gazeta/>


In 1934, with [[Gabriel Czechowicz]], Filipowicz co-founded the [[Polish Radical Party]] (''Polska Partia Radykalna''),<ref name=gazeta/> a dissident offshoot of [[Sanacja|Sanation]] that, while largely adhering to [[political liberalism]], advocated that Poland become a [[Christians|Christian]] state, with official preferences given to ethnic Poles, and Jews being encouraged to emigrate.<ref>{{cite book | author = Emanuel Melzer | title = No Way Out: The Politics of Polish Jewry, 1935-1939 | publisher = Hebrew Union College Press | year = 1997 | isbn = 0-87820-418-0 | page = 24 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=co3KJikOaBYC&pg=PA24}}</ref>
⚫
Member of the [[Polish government in exile]] during and after [[WWII]] and member of the [[National Council of the Republic of Poland]] from 1941 to 1942 and from 1949 to 1953.<ref name=gazeta/>


⚫
During and after [[World War II]], Filipowicz was a member of the [[Polish Government in Exile]] and of the [[National Council of the Republic of Poland]] (1941–42 and 1949–53).<ref name=gazeta/>
⚫
He died on 18 August in [[London]].


⚫
He died on 18 August 1953 in [[London]].
==References==
*{{Polish|Tytus Filipowicz|1 December 2008}}
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==See also==
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[[Category:1873 births|Filipowicz, Tytus]]
*[[Prometheism#First period (1918–21)|Prometheism]]
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[[Category:1953 deaths|Filipowicz, Tytus]]
*[[List of Poles#Politics|List of Poles]]
[[Category:Polish diplomats|Filipowicz, Tytus]]

[[Category:Polish politicians|Filipowicz, Tytus]]
==Notes==
⚫
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{{reflist}}


{{Authority control}}
[[pl:Tytus Filipowicz]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Filipowicz, Tytus}}
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[[Category:1873 births]]
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[[Category:1953 deaths]]
[[Category:Politicians from Warsaw]]
[[Category:People from Warsaw Governorate]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Poland to the United States]]
[[Category:Diplomats of the Second Polish Republic]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Poland to Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Poland to Finland]]

Latest revision as of 15:53, 23 December 2024

Tytus Filipowicz, before 1921

Tytus Filipowicz (1873–1953) was a Polish politician and diplomat.

Life

[edit]

Filipowicz was born on 21 November 1873 in Warsaw. He attended school in Dąbrowa Górnicza. He worked as a coal miner and became a socialist political activist; from 1895 he was active in the Dąbrowa Workers' Committee.[1] He became an active member of the Polish Socialist Party (PPS) and editor of a socialist paper for miners (Górnik, Miner).[1] In 1901 he was arrested by the authorities but escaped to Russian-ruled Warsaw.

During the PPS split, he sided with the Polish Socialist Party – Revolutionary Faction and became a close collaborator of future Polish statesman Józef Piłsudski.[2] He accompanied Piłsudski on his 1904 voyage to Japan.[2] In 1905 Filipowicz was imprisoned by the Russian Empire in the Warsaw Citadel, but escaped.[2]

Under the Second Polish Republic, he was briefly deputy[3] or acting (sources vary) Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs (11–17 November 1918).[4] Later he was named Poland's ambassador to Georgia—due to his involvement in Piłsudski's Prometheist project—but in the aftermath of the Soviet invasion of Georgia (which was subsequently annexed as the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic) he did not assume this post but was instead arrested there by the Soviets and interned.[2] After the treaty of Riga ended the Polish-Soviet War in 1921, he became the first Polish chargé d'affaires in the Soviet Union, organizing the Polish embassy there.[2] Later he was a diplomat in Finland, Belgium and the United States (1929-32).[1]

In 1934, with Gabriel Czechowicz, Filipowicz co-founded the Polish Radical Party (Polska Partia Radykalna),[1] a dissident offshoot of Sanation that, while largely adhering to political liberalism, advocated that Poland become a Christian state, with official preferences given to ethnic Poles, and Jews being encouraged to emigrate.[5]

During and after World War II, Filipowicz was a member of the Polish Government in Exile and of the National Council of the Republic of Poland (1941–42 and 1949–53).[1]

He died on 18 August 1953 in London.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e (in Polish) Zygmunt Woźniczka, "Ci, którzy rozsławili Dąbrowę Górniczą", gazeta.pl, 2006-11-14
  2. ^ a b c d e Marek Kornat, "Posłowie i ambasadorzy polscy w Związku Sowieckim (1921–1939 i 1941–1943)" ("Polish Diplomatic Representatives and Ambassadors in the Soviet Union (1921–39 and 1941–43"), The Polish Diplomatic Review, 5 (21)/2004, pp. 129-203 online
  3. ^ [(in Polish) Telegram, short biographical note in an article in the periodical Wspólnota Polska
  4. ^ Polish Ministries
  5. ^ Emanuel Melzer (1997). No Way Out: The Politics of Polish Jewry, 1935-1939. Hebrew Union College Press. p. 24. ISBN 0-87820-418-0.
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