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| pub_date = 2020 (4th Ed.)
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| pages = 1136 (4th Ed.)
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| isbn = 0-13-461099-7
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'''''Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach''''' ('''AIMA''') is a university textbook on [[artificial intelligence]], written by [[Stuart J. Russell]] and [[Peter Norvig]]. It was first published in 1995 and the fourth edition of the book was released on 28 April 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pearson.com/us/higher-education/program/Russell-Artificial-Intelligence-A-Modern-Approach-4th-Edition/PGM1263338.html|title=Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, 4th Edition|accessdate=2020-05-11}}</ref> It is used in over 1400 universities worldwide<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aima.cs.berkeley.edu/adoptions.html|title=1178 Schools That Have Adopted AIMA|accessdate=2010-04-11}}</ref> and has been called "the most popular artificial intelligence textbook in the world".<ref>Kevin Gold (6/21/2011). [http://www.tor.com/blogs/2011/06/norvig-vs-chomsky-and-the-fight-for-the-future-of-ai "Norvig vs. Chomsky and the Fight for the Future of AI".] ''[[Tor Books]] Blog''.</ref> It is considered the standard text in the field of artificial intelligence.<ref>{{Cite web|title=AAAI/EAAI Outstanding Educator Award|url=https://aaai.org/Awards/eaai-award.php|access-date=2022-01-19|website=aaai.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nobel Week Dialogue 2019|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/events/nobel-week-dialogue/gothenburg-2019/panellists/stuart-russell/|access-date=2022-01-19|website=NobelPrize.org|language=en-US}}</ref>
'''''Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach''''' ('''''AIMA''''') is a university textbook on [[artificial intelligence]] (AI), written by [[Stuart J. Russell]] and [[Peter Norvig]]. It was first published in 1995, and the fourth edition of the book was released on 28 April 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pearson.com/us/higher-education/program/Russell-Artificial-Intelligence-A-Modern-Approach-4th-Edition/PGM1263338.html|title=Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, 4th edition|accessdate=2020-05-11}}</ref>


''AIMA'' has been called "the most popular artificial intelligence textbook in the world",<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tor.com/blogs/2011/06/norvig-vs-chomsky-and-the-fight-for-the-future-of-ai |title=Norvig vs. Chomsky and the Fight for the Future of AI |last=Gold |first=Kevin |date=2011-06-21 |website=www.tor.com |publisher=[[Tor Books]] Blog |access-date=2023-12-11 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20110625030000/http://www.tor.com/blogs/2011/06/norvig-vs-chomsky-and-the-fight-for-the-future-of-ai |archive-date=2011-06-25}}</ref> and is considered the standard text in the field of AI.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nobel Week Dialogue 2019|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/events/nobel-week-dialogue/gothenburg-2019/panellists/stuart-russell/|access-date=2022-01-19|website=NobelPrize.org|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=John |first1=Comex |title=Artificial Intelligence |url=https://sayainstitute.org/ |access-date=7 August 2021}}</ref> As of 2023, it was being used at over 1500 universities worldwide,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aima.cs.berkeley.edu/adoptions.html|title=1549 Schools That Have Adopted AIMA|accessdate=2023-12-11}}</ref> and it has over 59,000 citations on Google Scholar.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&user=2oy3OXYAAAAJ&citation_for_view=2oy3OXYAAAAJ:UxriW0iASnsC |title=Artificial intelligence: a modern approach |accessdate=2023-12-11}}</ref>
⚫
The book is intended for an undergraduate audience but can also be used for graduate-level studies with the suggestion of adding some of the primary sources listed in the extensive bibliography.


⚫
''AIMA'' is intended for an undergraduate audience but can also be used for graduate-level studies with the suggestion of adding some of the primary sources listed in the extensive bibliography.{{citation needed |date=December 2023}}
⚫
== Editions ==
* 1st 1995, red cover
⚫
* 2nd 2003, green cover
* 3rd 2009
* 4th 2020


⚫
== Content ==
== Structure of 3rd edition ==
''AIMA'' gives detailed information about the working of algorithms in AI. The book's chapters span from classical AI topics like [[searching algorithms]] and [[first-order logic]], [[propositional logic]] and [[probabilistic reasoning]] to advanced topics such as [[multi-agent systems]], [[constraint satisfaction problems]], [[Optimization_problem|optimization problems]], [[artificial neural networks]], [[deep learning]], [[reinforcement learning]], and [[computer vision]].<ref name="index-4th">{{cite web | title=Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, 4th US ed. | website=aima.cs.berkeley.edu | date=2022-08-22 | url=http://aima.cs.berkeley.edu/index.html | access-date=2023-12-26}}</ref>
''Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach'' is divided into seven parts with a total of 27 chapters.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aima.cs.berkeley.edu/contents.html|title=Table of Contents for AI: A Modern Approach|accessdate=2010-04-11}}</ref> The authors state that it is a large text which would take two semesters to cover all the chapters and projects.


⚫
=== Code ===
*'''Part I: Artificial Intelligence''' - Sets the stage for the following sections by viewing AI systems as intelligent agents that can decide what actions to take and when to take them.
The authors provide a [[GitHub]] [[Software_repository|repository]] with implementations of various exercises and algorithms from the book in different programming languages.<ref name="index-4th"/><ref name="GitHub-code"></ref> Programs in the book are presented in [[pseudo code]] with implementations in [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]], [[JavaScript]], and [[Scala (programming language)|Scala]] available online.<ref name="GitHub-code">{{Cite web |title=aimacode |url=https://github.com/aimacode |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=GitHub |language=en}}</ref>
*'''Part II: Problem-solving''' - Focuses on methods for deciding what action to take when needing to think several steps ahead such as playing a game of chess.
*'''Part III: Knowledge and reasoning''' - Discusses ways to represent knowledge about the intelligent agents' environment and how to reason logically with that knowledge.
*'''Part IV: Uncertain knowledge and reasoning''' - This section is analogous to Part III, but deals with reasoning and decision-making in the presence of uncertainty in the environment.
*'''Part V: Learning''' - Describes ways for generating knowledge required by the decision-making components and introduces a new component: the [[artificial neural network]]
*'''Part VI: Communicating, perceiving, and acting''' - Concentrates on ways an intelligent agent can perceive its environment whether by touch or vision.
*'''Part VII: Conclusions''' - Considers the past and future of AI by discussing what AI really is and why it has succeeded to some degree. Also discusses the views of those philosophers who believe that AI can never succeed.


== The 4th Edition==
== Editions ==
The fourth edition to ''Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach'' focuses more on machine learning, [[deep learning]], probabilistic programming, multiagent systems, and includes sections where the AI's [[utility function]] is uncertain, rather than certain.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Russell |first1=Stuart |last2=Norvig |first2=Peter |title=Preface To Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach |url=https://www.pearsonhighered.com/assets/preface/0/1/3/4/0134610997.pdf |website=Pearson |publisher=Pearson |accessdate=24 May 2020}}</ref>
The first and last editions of ''AIMA'' were published in 1995 and 2020, respectively, with four editions published in total (1995, 2003, 2009, 2020).<ref name="editions">{{cite web | last=Russell | first=Stuart | last2=Norvig | first2=Peter | title=All Editions and Translations of AI: A Modern Approach | website=aima.cs.berkeley.edu | date=2021-12-18 | url=http://aima.cs.berkeley.edu/translations.html | access-date=2023-12-26}}</ref>


The following is a list of the US print editions. For other editions, the publishing date and the [[colors]] of the cover can vary.<ref name="editions"></ref>
⚫
== Code ==


* 1st edition: published in 1995 with [[red]] cover
Programs in the book are presented in [[pseudo code]] with implementations in [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]], and [[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]] available online.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aima.cs.berkeley.edu/code.html|title=Online Code Repository|accessdate=2010-04-11}}</ref> There are also unsupported implementations in [[Prolog]], [[C++]], [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]], and several other languages. A [https://github.com/aimacode github repository] exists that is dedicated to implementations of the subject material.
⚫
* 2nd edition: published in 2003 with [[green]] cover
* 3rd edition: published in 2009 with [[blue]] cover
* 4th edition: published in 2020 with [[purple]] cover

Various editions have been translated from the original [[English language|English]] into several languages, including at least [[Standard Chinese|Chinese]], [[French language|French]], [[German language|German]], [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Romanian language|Romanian]], [[Russian language|Russian]], and [[Serbian language|Serbian]]. However, the latest, 4th edition is available only in [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]],<ref name="editions" /> [[Croatian language|Croatian]] {{fact span|and [[Italian language|Italian]].|date=April 2024}}


== References ==
== References ==
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* {{cite web |url= https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~russell/aima1e.html |title= AIMA |edition= 1st |publisher= [[Stuart J. Russell|S Russell]] }}
* {{cite web |url= https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~russell/aima1e.html |title= AIMA |edition= 1st |publisher= [[Stuart J. Russell|S Russell]] }}
* {{cite web |url= http://aima.cs.berkeley.edu/ |title= AIMA |edition= 4th |publisher= [[UC Berkeley College of Engineering|Berkeley CoE]] |work= Computer Science Division }}
* {{cite web |url= http://aima.cs.berkeley.edu/ |title= AIMA |edition= 4th |publisher= [[UC Berkeley College of Engineering|Berkeley CoE]] |work= Computer Science Division }}
* {{cite journal | last=Pollack | first=Martha E. |author-link=Martha E. Pollack | title=Artificial Intelligence -- A Modern Approach -- A Review | journal=AI Magazine | volume=16 | issue=3 | date=1995-09-15 | issn=2371-9621 | doi=10.1609/aimag.v16i3.1153 | pages=73–73}}


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[[Category:Artificial intelligence textbooks]]
[[Category:Cognitive science literature]]
[[Category:Cognitive science literature]]
[[Category:Computer science textbooks]]
[[Category:English-language books]]
[[Category:English-language books]]
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[[Category:Robotics books]]
[[Category:Prentice Hall books]]
[[Category:Prentice Hall books]]



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Revision as of 00:38, 24 December 2024

Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach
First edition (1995)
AuthorStuart J. Russell and Peter Norvig
LanguageEnglish
GenreComputer science
PublisherPrentice Hall
Publication date
2020 (4th Ed.)
Media typebook
Pages1136 (4th Ed.)
ISBN0-13-461099-7
OCLC359890490
006.3 20
LC ClassQ335 .R86 1995
Websitehttp://aima.cs.berkeley.edu

Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (AIMA) is a university textbook on artificial intelligence (AI), written by Stuart J. Russell and Peter Norvig. It was first published in 1995, and the fourth edition of the book was released on 28 April 2020.[1]

AIMA has been called "the most popular artificial intelligence textbook in the world",[2] and is considered the standard text in the field of AI.[3][4] As of 2023, it was being used at over 1500 universities worldwide,[5] and it has over 59,000 citations on Google Scholar.[6]

AIMA is intended for an undergraduate audience but can also be used for graduate-level studies with the suggestion of adding some of the primary sources listed in the extensive bibliography.[citation needed]

Content

AIMA gives detailed information about the working of algorithms in AI. The book's chapters span from classical AI topics like searching algorithms and first-order logic, propositional logic and probabilistic reasoning to advanced topics such as multi-agent systems, constraint satisfaction problems, optimization problems, artificial neural networks, deep learning, reinforcement learning, and computer vision.[7]

Code

The authors provide a GitHub repository with implementations of various exercises and algorithms from the book in different programming languages.[7][8] Programs in the book are presented in pseudo code with implementations in Java, Python, Lisp, JavaScript, and Scala available online.[8]

Editions

The first and last editions of AIMA were published in 1995 and 2020, respectively, with four editions published in total (1995, 2003, 2009, 2020).[9]

The following is a list of the US print editions. For other editions, the publishing date and the colors of the cover can vary.[9]

  • 1st edition: published in 1995 with red cover
  • 2nd edition: published in 2003 with green cover
  • 3rd edition: published in 2009 with blue cover
  • 4th edition: published in 2020 with purple cover

Various editions have been translated from the original English into several languages, including at least Chinese, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Romanian, Russian, and Serbian. However, the latest, 4th edition is available only in English, French,[9] Croatian and Italian.[citation needed]

References

  1. ^ "Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, 4th edition". Retrieved 2020-05-11.
  2. ^ Gold, Kevin (2011-06-21). "Norvig vs. Chomsky and the Fight for the Future of AI". www.tor.com. Tor Books Blog. Archived from the original on 2011-06-25. Retrieved 2023-12-11.
  3. ^ "Nobel Week Dialogue 2019". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2022-01-19.
  4. ^ John, Comex. "Artificial Intelligence". Retrieved 7 August 2021.
  5. ^ "1549 Schools That Have Adopted AIMA". Retrieved 2023-12-11.
  6. ^ "Artificial intelligence: a modern approach". Retrieved 2023-12-11.
  7. ^ a b "Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, 4th US ed". aima.cs.berkeley.edu. 2022-08-22. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
  8. ^ a b "aimacode". GitHub. Retrieved 2023-04-12.
  9. ^ a b c Russell, Stuart; Norvig, Peter (2021-12-18). "All Editions and Translations of AI: A Modern Approach". aima.cs.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2023-12-26.


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