Ganzhou: Difference between revisions
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{{Other uses}} |
{{Other uses}} |
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{{Infobox settlement |
{{Infobox settlement |
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|name |
| name = Ganzhou |
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|native_name |
| native_name = 赣州市 |
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|native_name_lang = zh-Hans |
| native_name_lang = zh-Hans |
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|other_name |
| other_name = Kanchow |
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|settlement_type |
| settlement_type = [[Prefecture-level city]] |
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|image_skyline |
| image_skyline = Yugutai.JPG |
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|imagesize |
| imagesize = |
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|image_caption |
| image_caption = [[Yugu Pavilion]] |
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|image_seal |
| image_seal = |
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|seal_size |
| seal_size = |
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|image_shield |
| image_shield = |
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|shield_size |
| shield_size = |
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|image_blank_emblem |
| image_blank_emblem = |
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|blank_emblem_size |
| blank_emblem_size = |
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|nickname |
| nickname = |
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|motto |
| motto = |
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|image_map |
| image_map = Location map of Ganzhou, Jiangxi.png |
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|mapsize |
| mapsize = |
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|map_caption |
| map_caption = Location of Ganzhou City jurisdiction in Jiangxi |
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|image_map1 |
| image_map1 = |
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|mapsize1 |
| mapsize1 = |
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|map_caption1 |
| map_caption1 = <!-- |
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<!-- |
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|pushpin_map = Jiangxi |
|pushpin_map = Jiangxi |
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|pushpin_map_caption = Location of the city centre in Jiangxi |
|pushpin_map_caption = Location of the city centre in Jiangxi |
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|pushpin_mapsize = |
|pushpin_mapsize = |
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|coor_pinpoint = Ganzhou municipal government |
| coor_pinpoint = Ganzhou municipal government |
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|coordinates |
| coordinates = {{coord|25.831|N|114.933|E|type:adm2nd_region:CN-36_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}} |
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|subdivision_type |
| subdivision_type = Country |
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|subdivision_name = [[China|People's Republic of China]] |
| subdivision_name = [[China|People's Republic of China]] |
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|subdivision_type1 |
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of China|Province]] |
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|subdivision_type2 |
| subdivision_type2 = |
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|subdivision_name1 |
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jiangxi]] |
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|subdivision_name2 |
| subdivision_name2 = |
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|established_title |
| established_title = Settled |
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|established_date |
| established_date = 236 AD |
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|seat_type |
| seat_type = Municipal seat |
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|seat |
| seat = [[Zhanggong District]] |
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|government_type |
| government_type = |
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|leader_title |
| leader_title = Mayor (deputy) |
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|leader_name |
| leader_name = Zeng Wenming |
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|leader_title1 |
| leader_title1 = Secretary |
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|leader_name1 |
| leader_name1 = Li Bingjun |
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|area_footnotes |
| area_footnotes = |
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|area_total_km2 |
| area_total_km2 = 39379.64 |
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|area_metro_km2 |
| area_metro_km2 = 5316.8 |
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|elevation_m |
| elevation_m = 107 |
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|population_total |
| population_total = 8970014 |
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|population_as_of = |
| population_as_of = 2020 census |
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| population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/china-jiangxi-admin.php|title=China: Jiāngxī (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map|website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref> |
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| population_density_km2 = auto |
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|population_footnotes = |
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| area_urban_km2 = 5316.8 |
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|population_density_km2 = auto |
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| population_urban = 2588060 |
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| area_urban_km2 = 324 |
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| population_density_urban_km2 = auto |
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| area_urban_footnotes = (2018)<ref name="demographia 14th">{{Cite book|url=http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf|title=Demographia World Urban Areas. 14th Annual Edition|last=Cox|first=W|publisher=Demographia|year=2018|location=St. Louis|pages=24}}</ref> |
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| population_metro = 2588060 |
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| population_urban = 1585000 |
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| population_density_metro_km2 = auto |
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| population_urban_footnotes = (2018)<ref name="demographia 14th"/> |
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| population_note = |
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|population_density_urban_km2 = |
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| demographics_type2 = GDP<ref name="GDP">{{cite web|language=zh-hans|url=https://www.ganzhou.gov.cn/c100146/2020-09/16/content_b32c53ab4e8f41e9a45b83760dad0a1e.shtml|script-title=zh:国民经济和社会发展（综合）|publisher=Ganzhou Municipal People's Government|access-date=2021-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307201432/https://www.ganzhou.gov.cn/c100146/2020-09/16/content_b32c53ab4e8f41e9a45b83760dad0a1e.shtml|archive-date=2021-03-07|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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|population_metro = 1977253 |
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| demographics2_title1 = [[Prefecture-level city]] |
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|population_density_metro_km2 = |
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| demographics2_info1 = [[Renminbi|CN¥]] 347.4 billion<br />[[US$]] 53.5 billion |
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|population_note = |
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| demographics2_title2 = Per capita |
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|postal_code_type = [[List of postal codes in China|Postal code]] |
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| demographics2_info2 = CN¥ 35,342<br />US$ 5,440 |
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|postal_code = 341000 |
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| postal_code_type = [[List of postal codes in China|Postal code]] |
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|area_code = 0797 |
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| postal_code = 341000 |
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|website = {{URL|ganzhou.gov.cn/}} |
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| |
| area_code = 0797 |
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| website = {{URL|ganzhou.gov.cn/}} |
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|timezone = [[Time in China#People’s Republic of China|China Standard]] |
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| footnotes = |
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|utc_offset = +8 |
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| timezone = [[Time in China#People’s Republic of China|China Standard]] |
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|blank_name = [[Gross domestic product|GDP]]<ref name="GDP">{{cite web|language=zh-hans|url=http://xxgk.ganzhou.gov.cn/gddt/tjsj/201202/t20120202_484380.htm|script-title=zh:2011年全市主要经济指标|publisher=www.ganzhou.gov.cn|access-date=2012-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304091216/http://xxgk.ganzhou.gov.cn/gddt/tjsj/201202/t20120202_484380.htm|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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| utc_offset = +8 |
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|blank_info = 2011 |
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| blank4_name = [[Vehicle registration plates of China|Vehicle registration plate prefixes]] |
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|blank1_name = - Total |
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| blank4_info = {{lang|zh-cn|赣B}} |
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|blank1_info = [[Renminbi|CNY]] 133.598 billion <br /> [[United States dollar|US$]] 21.009 billion |
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| blank5_name = [[Administrative division codes of the People's Republic of China|Administrative division code]] |
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|blank2_name = - Per capita |
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| blank5_info = 360700 |
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|blank2_info = CNY 14,910 <br /> US$ 2,345 |
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| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:CN|CN-JX-07]] |
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|blank3_name = - Growth |
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| pushpin_map = China |
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|blank3_info = {{increase}} 12.5% |
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|blank4_name =[[Vehicle registration plates of China|Vehicle registration plate prefixes]] |
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|blank4_info ={{lang|zh-cn|赣B}} |
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|blank5_name =[[Administrative division codes of the People's Republic of China|Administrative division code]] |
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|blank5_info =360700 |
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|iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:CN|CN-JX-07]] |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Ganzhou''' ({{zh|s=赣州 |p=Gànzhōu}}), alternately romanized as '''Kanchow''', is a [[prefecture-level city]] in the south of [[Jiangxi]] province, China, bordering [[Fujian]] to the east, [[Guangdong]] to the south, and [[Hunan]] to the west. Its administrative seat is at [[Zhanggong District]] |
'''Ganzhou''' ({{zh|s=赣州 |p=Gànzhōu}}), alternately romanized as '''Kanchow''', is a [[prefecture-level city]] in the south of [[Jiangxi]] province, China, bordering [[Fujian]] to the east, [[Guangdong]] to the south, and [[Hunan]] to the west. Its administrative seat is at [[Zhanggong District]]. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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In 201, [[Emperor Gaozu of Han]] established a county in the territory of modern Ganzhou. In those early years, [[Han Chinese]] settlement and authority in the area was minimal and largely restricted to the [[Gan River]] basin. The river, a tributary of the [[Yangtze]] via [[Poyang Lake]], provided a route of communication from the north as well as irrigation for rice farming. |
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=== Early settlement and administration === |
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During the [[Sui dynasty]], the county administration was promoted to [[prefecture]] status and the area called Qianzhou ({{lang|zh|虔州}}). During the [[Song dynasty|Song]], immigration from the north bolstered the local population and drove local aboriginal tribes further into the hills. After the fall of the capital to the [[Jin dynasty (1115–1234)|Jin]] in 1126 in the [[Jingkang Incident]], immigration increased dramatically. |
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In 201 CE, [[Emperor Gaozu of Han]] established a county in the territory of modern Ganzhou.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}} In 236 CE, during the [[Three Kingdoms|Three Kingdoms period]], the {{Interlanguage link|Luling Commandery|zh|庐陵郡}} was established in the area.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2020-11-16|script-title=zh:建置沿革|trans-title=Organizational History|url=https://www.ganzhou.gov.cn/c100146/2020-11/16/content_1aefe7f1456a4f52aca1fdc2290456ef.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307191404/https://www.ganzhou.gov.cn/c100146/2020-11/16/content_1aefe7f1456a4f52aca1fdc2290456ef.shtml|archive-date=2021-03-07|access-date=2021-03-07|publisher=Ganzhou Municipal People's Government|language=zh}}</ref> In the early years, [[Han Chinese]] settlement and authority in the area was minimal and largely restricted to the [[Gan River]] basin.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}} The river, a tributary of the [[Yangtze]] via [[Poyang Lake]], provided a route of communication from the north as well as irrigation for rice farming.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}} |
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=== Sui dynasty === |
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The province's name was officially changed to Ganzhou during the Southern Song (1127–1279). |
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In 589 CE, during the [[Sui dynasty]], the {{Interlanguage link|Nankang Commandery|zh|南康郡}} was abolished, and the area was reorganized as [[Qianzhou (modern Jiangxi)|Qianzhou]].<ref name=":0" /> During the [[Song dynasty|Song]], immigration from the north bolstered the local population and drove local aboriginal tribes into admixing with the northerners.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}} After the fall of the capital to the [[Jin dynasty (1115–1234)|Jin]] in 1126 in the [[Jingkang Incident]], immigration increased dramatically.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}} |
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=== Song dynasty === |
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During the late 1800s Ganzhou was opened as one of the southern [[treaty ports]] and became a minor base for foreign companies. Between 1929 and 1934, Ganzhou formed a part of the [[Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet]], one of the bases of the [[Communist Party of China]]. Due to its proximity to the Red capital [[Ruijin]], Ganzhou was subject to a number of [[Kuomintang]] encirclement campaigns. |
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In 1153, under the [[Southern Song]], Qianzhou was abolished, and re-organized as Ganzhou, the same name as the present-day city.<ref name=":0" /> |
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=== Yuan dynasty === |
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[[File:Chiang Ching-kuo in Gannan 10.jpg|thumb|left|Chiang Ching-kuo in Ganzhou]] |
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In 1277, under the [[Yuan dynasty]], the area was reorganized as {{Interlanguage link|Ganzhou Circuit|zh|赣州路}}.<ref name=":0" /> Near the end of the Yuan dynasty, in 1365, Ganzhou Circuit was reorganized again as {{Interlanguage link|Ganzhou Fu (ancient)|lt=Ganzhou Fu|zh|赣州府}}, which it remained until 1912.<ref name=":0" /> |
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Between 1939 and 1945, [[Chiang Ching-kuo]] was appointed by the [[Government of the Republic of China]] as commissioner of Ganzhou Prefecture (mountain South), then the name of the surrounding regions of Ganzhou. There he banned smoking, gambling and prostitution, studied governmental management, allowed for economic expansion and a change in social outlook. His efforts were hailed as a miracle in the political war in China, then coined as the "Gannan New Deal" ({{lang|zh-hant|贛南新政}}). During his time in Gannan, from 1940 he implemented a "public information desk" where ordinary people could visit him if they had problems, and according to records, Chiang Ching-kuo received a total of 1,023 people during such sessions in 1942. In regards to the ban on prostitution and closing of brothels, Chiang implemented a policy where former prostitutes became employed in factories. Due to the large number of refugees in Ganzhou as a result from the ongoing war, thousands of orphans lived on the street; in June 1942, Chiang Ching-kuo formally established the Chinese Children's Village ({{lang|zh-hant|中華兒童新村}}) in the outskirts of Ganzhou, with facilities such as a nursery, kindergarten, primary school, hospital and gymnasium. |
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=== Qing dynasty === |
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During the late 1800s Ganzhou was opened as one of the southern [[treaty ports]] and became a minor base for foreign companies.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}} |
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=== Republic of China === |
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In 1912, the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]] abolished the area's dynasty-era subdivisions, replacing them all with [[Counties of China|counties]] administered by the provincial government of [[Jiangxi]].<ref name=":0" /> In 1914, the province of Jiangxi was divided into four [[Circuit (administrative division)|circuits]] ({{Lang-zh|c=道|p=Dào}}), one of which being {{Interlanguage link|Gannan Circuit|zh|赣南道}}, which ruled the area of present-day Ganzhou.<ref name=":0" /> In 1926, Gannan Circuit was abolished, and its counties were again directly administered by the Jiangxi provincial government.<ref name=":0" /> In 1932, the province established {{Interlanguage link|Administrative Inspectorate|lt=Administrative Inspectorates|zh|行政督察区}}, and the area of present-day Ganzhou was split between the 9th, 11th, 12th, and 13th Administrative Inspectorates.<ref name=":0" /> In subsequent years, the area would be reorganized to be divided between various Administrative Inspectorates.<ref name=":0" /> |
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==== Chinese Soviet Republic ==== |
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Beginning in 1928, the [[Chinese Communist Party]] began operating in the area, and by June 1930, a local [[Soviet (council)|soviet]] had formed and began governing a number of counties in the region.<ref name=":0" /> In November 1931, the [[Chinese Soviet Republic]] was proclaimed in {{Interlanguage link|Yeping, Ruijin|lt=Yeping|zh|叶坪镇 (瑞金市)}}, in the then-[[Counties of China|county]] of [[Ruijin]].<ref name=":0" /> During the subsequent years, Ganzhou was governed by the [[Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet]].<ref name=":0" /> Beginning in February 1934, Communist Party forces in the area began to lose territory to [[Kuomintang]] forces ([[Fifth encirclement campaign against the Jiangxi Soviet|Fifth encirclement]]).<ref name=":0" /> From then until March 1935, the Soviet gradually lost territory with only five northeastern counties left in Ganzhou as of early October 1934 until it collapsed.<ref name=":0" /> |
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==== Gannan New Deal ==== |
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[[File:Chiang Ching-kuo in Gannan 10.jpg|thumb|left|Chiang Ching-kuo in Ganzhou]]Between 1939 and 1945, [[Chiang Ching-kuo]], son of [[Chiang Kai-shek]], was appointed by the [[Government of the Republic of China]] as commissioner of Ganzhou Prefecture (mountain South), then the name of the surrounding regions of Ganzhou. There he banned [[History of opium in China|opium smoking]], gambling and prostitution, studied governmental management, allowed for economic expansion and a change in social outlook. His efforts were hailed as a miracle in the political war in China, then coined as the "Gannan New Deal" ({{Lang-zh|t=|c=贛南新政}}). During his time in Gannan, from 1940 he implemented a "public information desk" where ordinary people could visit him if they had problems, and according to records, Chiang Ching-kuo received a total of 1,023 people during such sessions in 1942. In regards to the ban on prostitution and closing of brothels, Chiang implemented a policy where former prostitutes became employed in factories. Due to the large number of refugees in Ganzhou as a result from the [[Second Sino-Japanese War|ongoing war]], thousands of orphans lived on the street; in June 1942, Chiang Ching-kuo formally established the Chinese Children's Village ({{Lang-zh|c=中華兒童新村}}) in the outskirts of Ganzhou, with facilities such as a nursery, kindergarten, primary school, hospital and gymnasium.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diocese of Ganzhou |url=https://www.ucanews.com/directory/dioceses/china-ganzhou/615 |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=www.ucanews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chiang Ching-kuo and the Regional Planning of Gannan under the Influence of Soviet Experience (1941-1945) |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/268414945.pdf |access-date=2023-05-13}}</ref> |
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=== People's Republic of China === |
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On August 14, 1949, the [[People's Liberation Army]] established control of Gan County.<ref name=":0" /> In June 1951, Ganzhou Prefecture ({{Lang-zh|s=赣州专区|t=贛州專區}}) was established.<ref name=":0" /> |
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In February 1999, Ganzhou was changed from a prefecture to a [[prefecture-level city]].<ref name=":0" /> |
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==Administration== |
==Administration== |
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[[File:Txu-oclc-10552568-ng50-9.jpg|thumb|Map including Ganzhou (labeled as KAN-HSIEN {{lang|zh-hant|贛縣}}) ([[Army Map Service|AMS]], 1954)]] |
[[File:Txu-oclc-10552568-ng50-9.jpg|thumb|Map including Ganzhou (labeled as KAN-HSIEN {{lang|zh-hant|贛縣}}) ([[Army Map Service|AMS]], 1954)]] |
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Ganzhou has jurisdiction over 3 [[District of China|districts]], 2 [[county-level |
Ganzhou has jurisdiction over 3 [[District of China|districts]], 2 [[county-level cities]], 13 [[County (People's Republic of China)|counties]]: |
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;District: |
;District: |
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| <div style="position: relative" class="center"> |
| <div style="position: relative" class="center"> |
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{{Image label begin|image=Administrative Division Ganzhou.png|width=600|link=}} |
{{Image label begin|image=Administrative Division Ganzhou.png|width=600|link=}} |
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{{Image label|x=680|y=1040|scale=600/2000|text=[[Zhanggong District|{{small|'''Zhanggong'''}}]]}} |
{{Image label|x=680|y=1040|scale=600/2000|text=[[Zhanggong District|{{small|'''Zhanggong<br>{{small|(district)}}'''}}]]}} |
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{{Image label|x=560|y=1150|scale=600/2000|text=[[Nankang District, Ganzhou|'''Nankang''']]}} |
{{Image label|x=560|y=1150|scale=600/2000|text=[[Nankang District, Ganzhou|'''Nankang<br>{{small|(district)}}''']]}} |
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{{Image label|x=770|y=930|scale=600/2000|text=[[Ganxian District|'''Ganxian''']]}} |
{{Image label|x=770|y=930|scale=600/2000|text=[[Ganxian District|'''Ganxian<br>{{small|(district)}}''']]}} |
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{{Image label|x=1050|y=970|scale=600/2000|text=[[Yudu County|'''Yudu<br>County''']]}} |
{{Image label|x=1050|y=970|scale=600/2000|text=[[Yudu County|'''Yudu<br>County''']]}} |
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{{Image label|x=1035|y=555|scale=600/2000|text=[[Xingguo County|'''Xingguo<br>County''']]}} |
{{Image label|x=1035|y=555|scale=600/2000|text=[[Xingguo County|'''Xingguo<br>County''']]}} |
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{{Image label|x=285|y=895|scale=600/2000|text=[[Shangyou County|'''Shangyou<br>County''']]}} |
{{Image label|x=285|y=895|scale=600/2000|text=[[Shangyou County|'''Shangyou<br>County''']]}} |
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{{Image label|x=1490|y=960|scale=600/2000|text=[[Ruijin|'''Ruijin<br>{{small|(city)}}''']]}} |
{{Image label|x=1490|y=960|scale=600/2000|text=[[Ruijin|'''Ruijin<br>{{small|(city)}}''']]}} |
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{{Image label|x=560|y=1810|scale=600/2000|text=[[Longnan, Jiangxi|'''Longnan<br>{{small|(city)}}''']]}} |
{{Image label|x=560|y=1810|scale=600/2000|text=[[Longnan, Jiangxi|'''Longnan<br>{{small|(city)}}''']]}} |
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{{Image label end}} |
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</div> |
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===Climate=== |
===Climate=== |
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Ganzhou has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cfa'') affected by the East |
Ganzhou has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cfa'') affected by the [[East Asia]]n [[monsoon]], with long, humid, very hot summers and cool and drier winters with occasional cold snaps. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from {{convert|8.2|°C}} in January to {{convert|29.5|°C|1}} in July, with an annual average of {{convert|19.57|°C|1}}. The average annual precipitation is around {{convert|1450|mm|in|abbr=on}}. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 20% in March to 62% in July, the city receives 1,778 hours of bright sunshine annually. Winter begins somewhat sunny and dry but becomes progressively wetter and cloudier; spring begins especially gloomy, and from March to June each of the months averages more than {{convert|170|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rainfall. After the heavy rains subside in June, summer is especially sunny. Autumn is warm and relatively dry. |
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{{Weather box |
{{Weather box |
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|location = Ganzhou ([[Ganxian District]] |
|location = Ganzhou ([[Ganxian District]]) (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) |
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|metric first = y |
|metric first = y |
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|single line = y |
|single line = y |
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|collapsed = |
|collapsed = y |
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|Jan record high C = 27.7 |
|Jan record high C = 27.7 |
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|Feb record high C = 29.5 |
|Feb record high C = 29.5 |
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|Nov record high C = 32.8 |
|Nov record high C = 32.8 |
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|Dec record high C = 29.1 |
|Dec record high C = 29.1 |
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|Jan high C = 12.6 |
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|Feb high C = 15.5 |
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|Mar high C = 18.7 |
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|Apr high C = 25.0 |
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|May high C = 29.1 |
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|Jun high C = 31.8 |
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|Jul high C = 34.7 |
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|Aug high C = 34.1 |
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|Sep high C = 30.9 |
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|Oct high C = 26.6 |
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|Nov high C = 21.1 |
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|Dec high C = 15.1 |
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|Jan mean C = 8.4 |
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|Feb mean C = 11.0 |
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|Mar mean C = 14.4 |
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|Apr mean C = 20.3 |
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|May mean C = 24.5 |
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|Jun mean C = 27.4 |
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|Jul mean C = 29.7 |
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|Aug mean C = 29.0 |
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|Sep mean C = 26.2 |
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|Oct mean C = 21.5 |
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|Nov mean C = 16.0 |
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|Dec mean C = 10.3 |
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|Jan low C = 5.7 |
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|Feb low C = 8.0 |
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|Mar low C = 11.4 |
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|Apr low C = 16.9 |
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|May low C = 21.1 |
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|Jun low C = 24.3 |
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|Jul low C = 26.0 |
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|Aug low C = 25.5 |
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|Sep low C = 22.8 |
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|Oct low C = 17.9 |
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|Nov low C = 12.5 |
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|Dec low C = 7.0 |
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|Oct low C = 17.8 |
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|Nov low C = 12.0 |
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|Dec low C = 6.6 |
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|Jan record low C = -6.0 |
|Jan record low C = -6.0 |
||
|Feb record low C = −4.4 |
|Feb record low C = −4.4 |
||
| Line 244: | Line 256: | ||
|Dec record low C = −3.8 |
|Dec record low C = −3.8 |
||
|precipitation colour = green |
|precipitation colour = green |
||
|Jan precipitation mm = |
|Jan precipitation mm = 71.6 |
||
|Feb precipitation mm = |
|Feb precipitation mm = 96.2 |
||
|Mar precipitation mm = |
|Mar precipitation mm = 173.5 |
||
|Apr precipitation mm = |
|Apr precipitation mm = 161.6 |
||
|May precipitation mm = |
|May precipitation mm = 224.5 |
||
|Jun precipitation mm = |
|Jun precipitation mm = 205.4 |
||
|Jul precipitation mm = |
|Jul precipitation mm = 135.2 |
||
|Aug precipitation mm = |
|Aug precipitation mm = 154.3 |
||
|Sep precipitation mm = |
|Sep precipitation mm = 75.8 |
||
|Oct precipitation mm = |
|Oct precipitation mm = 48.7 |
||
|Nov precipitation mm = |
|Nov precipitation mm = 65.6 |
||
|Dec precipitation mm = |
|Dec precipitation mm = 50.9 |
||
|Jan humidity = 76 |
|||
|Feb humidity = 76 |
|||
|Mar humidity = 79 |
|||
|Apr humidity = 76 |
|||
|May humidity = 76 |
|||
|Jun humidity = 76 |
|||
|Jul humidity = 69 |
|||
|Aug humidity = 72 |
|||
|Sep humidity = 73 |
|||
|Oct humidity = 70 |
|||
|Nov humidity = 73 |
|||
|Dec humidity = 73 |
|||
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |
|||
|Jan precipitation days = 11.7 |
|||
|Feb precipitation days = 13.0 |
|||
|Mar precipitation days = 18.2 |
|||
|Apr precipitation days = 16.2 |
|||
|May precipitation days = 16.9 |
|||
|Jun precipitation days = 16.0 |
|||
|Jul precipitation days = 11.4 |
|||
|Aug precipitation days = 13.6 |
|||
|Sep precipitation days = 9.3 |
|||
|Oct precipitation days = 6.0 |
|||
|Nov precipitation days = 7.9 |
|||
|Dec precipitation days = 9.0 |
|||
|year precipitation days = |
|||
|Jan sun = 82.7 |
|||
|Feb sun = 84.0 |
|||
|Mar sun = 79.9 |
|||
|Apr sun = 114.4 |
|||
|May sun = 139.9 |
|||
|Jun sun = 162.6 |
|||
|Jul sun = 253.3 |
|||
|Aug sun = 223.0 |
|||
|Sep sun = 175.3 |
|||
|Oct sun = 168.0 |
|||
|Nov sun = 139.0 |
|||
|Dec sun = 124.4 |
|||
|year sun = |
|||
| Jan percentsun = 25 |
|||
| Feb percentsun = 26 |
|||
| Mar percentsun = 21 |
|||
| Apr percentsun = 30 |
|||
| May percentsun = 34 |
|||
| Jun percentsun = 40 |
|||
| Jul percentsun = 61 |
|||
| Aug percentsun = 56 |
|||
| Sep percentsun = 48 |
|||
| Oct percentsun = 47 |
|||
| Nov percentsun = 43 |
|||
| Dec percentsun = 38 |
|||
| year percentsun = |
|||
|Jan snow days = 1.3 |
|||
|Feb snow days = 1.0 |
|||
|Mar snow days = 0.1 |
|||
|Apr snow days = 0 |
|||
|May snow days = 0 |
|||
|Jun snow days = 0 |
|||
|Jul snow days = 0 |
|||
|Aug snow days = 0 |
|||
|Sep snow days = 0 |
|||
|Oct snow days = 0 |
|||
|Nov snow days = 0 |
|||
|Dec snow days = 0.4 |
|||
|year snow days = |
|||
|source 1 = [[China Meteorological Administration]]<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans |access-date=30 July 2023}}</ref><ref> |
|||
{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans | access-date =30 July 2023}}</ref><ref name=CMA>{{cite web|url=http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |script-title=zh:中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年） |access-date=2010-05-04 |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language=zh |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055035/http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |archive-date=2013-09-21 }}</ref>}} |
|||
==Demographics== |
|||
|Jan humidity = 75 |
|||
Its population was 8,970,014 at the [[2020 Chinese census]] whom 2,588,060 in the built-up (''or metro'') area made of Zhanggong, Nankang, and Ganxian Districts. |
|||
|Feb humidity = 78 |
|||
|Mar humidity = 80 |
|||
|Apr humidity = 78 |
|||
|May humidity = 77 |
|||
|Jun humidity = 76 |
|||
|Jul humidity = 70 |
|||
|Aug humidity = 72 |
|||
|Sep humidity = 74 |
|||
|Oct humidity = 71 |
|||
|Nov humidity = 72 |
|||
|Dec humidity = 71 |
|||
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |
|||
|Jan precipitation days = 12.4 |
|||
|Feb precipitation days = 15.1 |
|||
|Mar precipitation days = 18.8 |
|||
|Apr precipitation days = 18.0 |
|||
|May precipitation days = 18.4 |
|||
|Jun precipitation days = 15.5 |
|||
|Jul precipitation days = 12.0 |
|||
|Aug precipitation days = 13.2 |
|||
|Sep precipitation days = 9.9 |
|||
|Oct precipitation days = 8.2 |
|||
|Nov precipitation days = 7.9 |
|||
|Dec precipitation days = 7.7 |
|||
As of 2019, Ganzhou's [[birth rate]] is 12.96 per 1,000.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2020-11-16|script-title=zh:人口与民族|trans-title=Population and Ethnicity|url=https://www.ganzhou.gov.cn/c100146/2020-11/16/content_96cd5354a39144beb1673c91a0427933.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307190442/https://www.ganzhou.gov.cn/c100146/2020-11/16/content_96cd5354a39144beb1673c91a0427933.shtml|archive-date=2021-03-07|access-date=2021-03-07|publisher=Ganzhou Municipal People's Government|language=zh}}</ref> |
|||
|Jan sun = 87.8 |Jan percentsun = 27 |
|||
|Feb sun = 73.5 |Feb percentsun = 23 |
|||
|Mar sun = 72.3 |Mar percentsun = 20 |
|||
|Apr sun = 100.5 |Apr percentsun = 26 |
|||
|May sun = 137.8 |May percentsun = 33 |
|||
|Jun sun = 173.1 |Jun percentsun = 42 |
|||
|Jul sun = 261.0 |Jul percentsun = 62 |
|||
|Aug sun = 235.8 |Aug percentsun = 58 |
|||
|Sep sun = 182.1 |Sep percentsun = 49 |
|||
|Oct sun = 165.2 |Oct percentsun = 46 |
|||
|Nov sun = 147.1 |Nov percentsun = 45 |
|||
|Dec sun = 142.1 |Dec percentsun = 44 |
|||
|source 1 = China Meteorological Administration <ref name=CMA>{{cite web|url=http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |script-title=zh:中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年） |accessdate=2010-05-04 |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language=zh |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055035/http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |archive-date=2013-09-21 }}</ref>}} |
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== |
== Economy == |
||
As of 2021, Ganzhou's [[gross domestic product]] (GDP) totaled ¥416.9 billion, an 9.5% increase from the previous year.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2020-09-16|script-title=zh:国民经济和社会发展（综合）|trans-title=National Economic and Social Development (Comprehensive)|url=https://www.ganzhou.gov.cn/c100146/2020-09/16/content_b32c53ab4e8f41e9a45b83760dad0a1e.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307201432/https://www.ganzhou.gov.cn/c100146/2020-09/16/content_b32c53ab4e8f41e9a45b83760dad0a1e.shtml|archive-date=2021-03-07|access-date=2021-03-07|publisher=Ganzhou Municipal People's Government|language=zh}}</ref> Of this, ¥37.632 billion (10.83%) came from the city's [[Primary sector of the economy|primary sector]], ¥136.819 billion (39.38%) came from the city's [[Secondary sector of the economy|secondary sector]], and ¥172.983 billion came (49.79%) from the city's [[Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sector]].<ref name=":2" /> The city's GDP per capita totaled ¥35,341.74.<ref name=":2" /> |
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As of 2019, the [[per capita]] [[Disposable Income|disposable income]] of the Ganzhou's urban residents totaled ¥34,826, and the per capita disposable income of the Ganzhou's rural residents totaled ¥11,941.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-16|script-title=zh:国民经济和社会发展（人民生活与社会保障）|trans-title=National Economic and Social Development (People's Livelihoods and Social Security)|url=https://www.ganzhou.gov.cn/c100146/2020-09/16/content_f16848c5811a42a1a2b055dc66c4eb88.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307202513/https://www.ganzhou.gov.cn/c100146/2020-09/16/content_f16848c5811a42a1a2b055dc66c4eb88.shtml|archive-date=2021-03-07|access-date=2021-03-07|publisher=Ganzhou Municipal People's Government|language=zh}}</ref> |
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In 2011, Ganzhou's gross domestic product totaled ¥133.598 billion.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-02|script-title=zh:赣州市2011年全年主要经济指标|trans-title=Ganzhou 2011 Primary Economic Index|url=http://xxgk.ganzhou.gov.cn/gddt/tjsj/201202/t20120202_484380.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304091216/http://xxgk.ganzhou.gov.cn/gddt/tjsj/201202/t20120202_484380.htm|archive-date=2016-03-04|access-date=2021-03-07|publisher=Ganzhou Municipal People's Government|language=zh}}</ref> |
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==Tourism== |
==Tourism== |
||
[[Image:Bajing Pavilion.jpg|right|thumb|Bajing Pavilion in Ganzhou]] |
[[Image:Bajing Pavilion.jpg|right|thumb|Bajing Pavilion in Ganzhou]] |
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Ganzhou is known as the "Orange Capital of the World" |
Ganzhou is known as the "Orange Capital of the World"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gndaily.com/news/2010-05/25/content_271827.htm |script-title=zh:"世界橙乡"赣州创造脐橙销售奇迹 １１２万吨售空 |publisher=Jiangxi Times |date=2010-05-25 |language=zh-cn |access-date=2011-01-23 |archive-date=2011-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726193119/http://www.gndaily.com/news/2010-05/25/content_271827.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ganzhou.gov.cn/english/news/201001/t20100129_164781.htm |title=Contest Entry Notice for the Design of the Logo of "Ganzhou-World Capital of the Navel Orange" |publisher=Ganzhou Daily |date=2010-01-13 |access-date=2011-01-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926171857/http://www.ganzhou.gov.cn/english/news/201001/t20100129_164781.htm |archive-date=2010-09-26 |
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}}</ref> as well as the "Tungsten Capital of the World".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2007-12/21/content_6338988.htm |title=Ganzhou the world's largest tungsten supplier |publisher=China Daily |date=2007-12-21 | |
}}</ref> as well as the "Tungsten Capital of the World".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2007-12/21/content_6338988.htm |title=Ganzhou the world's largest tungsten supplier |publisher=China Daily |date=2007-12-21 |access-date=2011-01-13}}</ref> The world's largest mechanical clock is located in Ganzhou called the Harmony Clock Tower,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gndaily.com/english/2010-07/14/content_231208.htm |title=Ganzhou World's Largest Mechanical Clock |publisher=Ganzhou Daily |date=2010-07-14 |access-date=2011-01-23 |archive-date=2011-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726193155/http://www.gndaily.com/english/2010-07/14/content_231208.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> which was manufactured by UK-based clockmakers [[Smith of Derby Group]]. Though encircled by mountain scenery, other notable attractions in Jiangxi are [[Jingdezhen]], [[Nanchang]] and [[Mount Lu|Lushan]] among others. Some of the places of interest in Ganzhou include: |
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Though encircled by mountain scenery, other notable attractions in Jiangxi are [[Jingdezhen]], [[Nanchang]] and [[Mount Lu|Lushan]] among others. Some of the places of interest in Ganzhou include: |
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* [[Mount Jiulian]] ({{lang|zh-hans|九连山}}), Longnan County |
* [[Mount Jiulian]] ({{lang|zh-hans|九连山}}), Longnan County |
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* [[Mei Pass]], Dayu County |
* [[Mei Pass]], Dayu County |
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| Line 312: | Line 359: | ||
* [[Yugu Pavilion]], Zhanggong District |
* [[Yugu Pavilion]], Zhanggong District |
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* [[Bajing Pavilion]], Zhanggong District |
* [[Bajing Pavilion]], Zhanggong District |
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* [[Dongjin Bridge]]: [[Pontoon bridge]]s have been constructed over the Zhang and Gong rivers since the Song |
* [[Dongjin Bridge]]: [[Pontoon bridge]]s have been constructed over the Zhang and Gong rivers since the Song dynasty. The Dongjin Bridge is one that can still be seen. It is 400 metres long, made up of wooden planks placed on around 100 wooden boats linked together with iron chains. |
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* {{ill|Zao'er Alley|zh|灶儿巷}} ({{lang|zh-hans|灶儿巷}}), Zhanggong District: An alley dating to at least the [[Song dynasty]], with a length of {{convert|227.3|m|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Jiang |first1=Peiheng (江佩横) |url=http://news.sohu.com/20070922/n252295976.shtml|script-title=zh:皂儿巷之行(组图)-搜狐新闻 |script-work=zh:天津日报 |via=[[Sohu]] News}}</ref> |
* {{ill|Zao'er Alley|zh|灶儿巷}} ({{lang|zh-hans|灶儿巷}}), Zhanggong District: An alley dating to at least the [[Song dynasty]], with a length of {{convert|227.3|m|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Jiang |first1=Peiheng (江佩横) |url=http://news.sohu.com/20070922/n252295976.shtml|script-title=zh:皂儿巷之行(组图)-搜狐新闻 |script-work=zh:天津日报 |via=[[Sohu]] News}}</ref> |
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Zhanggong has a [[city wall]] dating to the Song |
Zhanggong has a [[city wall]] dating to the Song dynasty, as well as a number of pavilions and [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] and [[Taoism|Taoist]] temples from the [[Ming dynasty|Ming]] and [[Qing dynasty|Qing]]. Altogether there are some 17 [[Major Site to Be Protected for Its Historical and Cultural Value at the National Level|National Cultural Relic Protection Units]] in Ganzhou and 48 Provincial-level Cultural Relic Protection Units. |
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== |
==Media== |
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Ganzhou Daily covers news about Ganzhou. |
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==Transportation== |
==Transportation== |
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| Line 328: | Line 375: | ||
===Railway=== |
===Railway=== |
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[[File:Ganzhou Railway Station 2016.06.17 07-42-21.jpg|thumb|Ganzhou Railway Station.]] |
[[File:Ganzhou Railway Station 2016.06.17 07-42-21.jpg|thumb|Ganzhou Railway Station.]] |
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The [[Beijing-Jiulong Railway]] goes through Ganzhou from north to south, and it meets the [[Ganzhou–Longyan Railway]] (Ganlong line) at East Ganzhou Railway Station in Zhanggong District. [[Nanchang–Shenzhen high-speed railway]] is under construction. |
The [[Beijing-Jiulong Railway]] goes through Ganzhou from north to south, and it meets the [[Ganzhou–Longyan Railway]] (Ganlong line) at East Ganzhou Railway Station in Zhanggong District. [[Nanchang–Shenzhen high-speed railway]] is under construction. The [[Ganzhou–Shenzhen high-speed railway]] opened on 10 December 2021 and connects Ganzhou with [[Shenzhen]]. |
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Major railway stations in Ganzhou are: |
Major railway stations in Ganzhou are: |
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| Line 339: | Line 386: | ||
The new [[Ganzhou Huangjin Airport]], located in [[Nankang, Jiangxi|Nankang]], was opened on March 26, 2008. Its name inherited from the ''old Huangjin Airport'' in Huangjin Town, [[Zhanggong District]], which was closed since it was too close to the expanding Ganzhou urban area. It has domestic routes to [[Shenzhen]], [[Guangzhou]], [[Nanchang]], [[Xiamen]], [[Nanjing]], [[Shanghai]], [[Nanning]], [[Chongqing]] and [[Beijing]]. |
The new [[Ganzhou Huangjin Airport]], located in [[Nankang, Jiangxi|Nankang]], was opened on March 26, 2008. Its name inherited from the ''old Huangjin Airport'' in Huangjin Town, [[Zhanggong District]], which was closed since it was too close to the expanding Ganzhou urban area. It has domestic routes to [[Shenzhen]], [[Guangzhou]], [[Nanchang]], [[Xiamen]], [[Nanjing]], [[Shanghai]], [[Nanning]], [[Chongqing]] and [[Beijing]]. |
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==Notable |
==Notable people== |
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Nobel Laureate [[Gao Xingjian]] (Nobel Prize for literature in 2000) was born in Ganzhou. |
*Nobel Laureate [[Gao Xingjian]] (Nobel Prize for literature in 2000) was born in Ganzhou. |
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*Artist [[Hu Zhiying]] was born November 12, 1959, in Ganzhou. |
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*Actress [[Zhu Xijuan]] was born in Ganzhou. |
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*Professor [[Li Peng (physiologist)|Li Peng]] was born in Ganzhou. |
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==Sister cities== |
==Sister cities== |
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*{{flagdeco|US}} [[McAllen, Texas]], United States, since 1994. |
*{{flagdeco|US}} [[McAllen, Texas]], United States, since 1994. |
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*{{flagdeco|France}} [[Roissy-en-France]], [[Val-d'Oise]], France, since 2008.<ref>http://www.aaecf.com/shownew.asp?id=543 "Ganzhou and Roissy become sister cities", Association Amitié Euro-Chinoise (Chinese)</ref> |
*{{flagdeco|France}} [[Roissy-en-France]], [[Val-d'Oise]], France, since 2008.<ref>http://www.aaecf.com/shownew.asp?id=543 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216065109/http://www.aaecf.com/shownew.asp?id=543 |date=2012-02-16 }} "Ganzhou and Roissy become sister cities", Association Amitié Euro-Chinoise (Chinese)</ref> |
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*{{flagdeco|Sierra Leone}} [[Freetown]], Sierra Leone, since 2008. |
*{{flagdeco|Sierra Leone}} [[Freetown]], Sierra Leone, since 2008. |
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*{{flagdeco|US}} [[Brunswick, Georgia]], United States, since 2008. |
*{{flagdeco|US}} [[Brunswick, Georgia]], United States, since 2008. |
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*{{flagdeco|Greece}} [[Phocis]], Greece, since 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aftodioikisi.gr/perifereies/perifereia_stereas_elladas/16093 |script-title=el:Μνημόνιο Φιλίας και Συνεργασίας μεταξύ της περιφερειακής ενότητας Φωκίδας και της περιοχής Ganzhou της Κίνας |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108124817/http://aftodioikisi.gr/perifereies/perifereia_stereas_elladas/16093 |archive-date=2012-01-08 |language=el |website=aftodioikisi.gr}}</ref> |
*{{flagdeco|Greece}} [[Phocis]], Greece, since 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aftodioikisi.gr/perifereies/perifereia_stereas_elladas/16093 |script-title=el:Μνημόνιο Φιλίας και Συνεργασίας μεταξύ της περιφερειακής ενότητας Φωκίδας και της περιοχής Ganzhou της Κίνας |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108124817/http://aftodioikisi.gr/perifereies/perifereia_stereas_elladas/16093 |archive-date=2012-01-08 |language=el |website=aftodioikisi.gr}}</ref> |
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*{{flagdeco|Brazil}} [[Limeira, São Paulo]], Brazil, since 2013. |
*{{flagdeco|Brazil}} [[Limeira, São Paulo]], Brazil, since 2013. |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{Commons category|Ganzhou}} |
{{Commons category|Ganzhou}} |
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*[http://gz.jxcn.cn/ Ganzhou, Jiangxi (Chinese)] |
*[http://gz.jxcn.cn/ Ganzhou, Jiangxi (Chinese)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101115175542/http://gz.jxcn.cn/ |date=2010-11-15 }} |
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*{{Wikivoyage |
*{{Wikivoyage inline|Ganzhou}} |
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{{Jiangxi topics}} |
{{Jiangxi topics}} |
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{{Jiangxi}} |
{{Jiangxi}} |
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{{Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control}} |
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Latest revision as of 03:52, 24 December 2024
Ganzhou
赣州市 Kanchow | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Location of Ganzhou City jurisdiction in Jiangxi | |
  Ganzhou | |
| Coordinates (Ganzhou municipal government): 25°49′52″N 114°55′59″E / 25.831°N 114.933°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Jiangxi |
| Settled | 236 AD |
| Municipal seat | Zhanggong District |
| Government | |
| • Mayor (deputy) | Zeng Wenming |
| • Secretary | Li Bingjun |
| Area | |
| 39,379.64 km2 (15,204.56 sq mi) | |
| • Urban | 5,316.8 km2 (2,052.8 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 5,316.8 km2 (2,052.8 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 107 m (351 ft) |
| Population (2020 census)[1] | |
| 8,970,014 | |
| • Density | 230/km2 (590/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 2,588,060 |
| • Urban density | 490/km2 (1,300/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 2,588,060 |
| • Metro density | 490/km2 (1,300/sq mi) |
| GDP[2] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 347.4 billion US$ 53.5 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 35,342 US$ 5,440 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 341000 |
| Area code | 0797 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-JX-07 |
| Vehicle registration plate prefixes | 赣B |
| Administrative division code | 360700 |
| Website | ganzhou |
Ganzhou (Chinese: 赣州; pinyin: Gànzhōu), alternately romanized as Kanchow, is a prefecture-level city in the south of Jiangxi province, China, bordering Fujian to the east, Guangdong to the south, and Hunan to the west. Its administrative seat is at Zhanggong District.
History
[edit]Early settlement and administration
[edit]In 201 CE, Emperor Gaozu of Han established a county in the territory of modern Ganzhou.[citation needed] In 236 CE, during the Three Kingdoms period, the Luling Commandery was established in the area.[3] In the early years, Han Chinese settlement and authority in the area was minimal and largely restricted to the Gan River basin.[citation needed] The river, a tributary of the Yangtze via Poyang Lake, provided a route of communication from the north as well as irrigation for rice farming.[citation needed]
Sui dynasty
[edit]In 589 CE, during the Sui dynasty, the Nankang Commandery was abolished, and the area was reorganized as Qianzhou.[3] During the Song, immigration from the north bolstered the local population and drove local aboriginal tribes into admixing with the northerners.[citation needed] After the fall of the capital to the Jin in 1126 in the Jingkang Incident, immigration increased dramatically.[citation needed]
Song dynasty
[edit]In 1153, under the Southern Song, Qianzhou was abolished, and re-organized as Ganzhou, the same name as the present-day city.[3]
Yuan dynasty
[edit]In 1277, under the Yuan dynasty, the area was reorganized as Ganzhou Circuit.[3] Near the end of the Yuan dynasty, in 1365, Ganzhou Circuit was reorganized again as Ganzhou Fu, which it remained until 1912.[3]
Qing dynasty
[edit]During the late 1800s Ganzhou was opened as one of the southern treaty ports and became a minor base for foreign companies.[citation needed]
Republic of China
[edit]In 1912, the Republic of China abolished the area's dynasty-era subdivisions, replacing them all with counties administered by the provincial government of Jiangxi.[3] In 1914, the province of Jiangxi was divided into four circuits (Chinese: 道; pinyin: Dào), one of which being Gannan Circuit, which ruled the area of present-day Ganzhou.[3] In 1926, Gannan Circuit was abolished, and its counties were again directly administered by the Jiangxi provincial government.[3] In 1932, the province established Administrative Inspectorates, and the area of present-day Ganzhou was split between the 9th, 11th, 12th, and 13th Administrative Inspectorates.[3] In subsequent years, the area would be reorganized to be divided between various Administrative Inspectorates.[3]
Chinese Soviet Republic
[edit]Beginning in 1928, the Chinese Communist Party began operating in the area, and by June 1930, a local soviet had formed and began governing a number of counties in the region.[3] In November 1931, the Chinese Soviet Republic was proclaimed in Yeping, in the then-county of Ruijin.[3] During the subsequent years, Ganzhou was governed by the Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet.[3] Beginning in February 1934, Communist Party forces in the area began to lose territory to Kuomintang forces (Fifth encirclement).[3] From then until March 1935, the Soviet gradually lost territory with only five northeastern counties left in Ganzhou as of early October 1934 until it collapsed.[3]
Gannan New Deal
[edit]
Between 1939 and 1945, Chiang Ching-kuo, son of Chiang Kai-shek, was appointed by the Government of the Republic of China as commissioner of Ganzhou Prefecture (mountain South), then the name of the surrounding regions of Ganzhou. There he banned opium smoking, gambling and prostitution, studied governmental management, allowed for economic expansion and a change in social outlook. His efforts were hailed as a miracle in the political war in China, then coined as the "Gannan New Deal" (Chinese: 贛南新政). During his time in Gannan, from 1940 he implemented a "public information desk" where ordinary people could visit him if they had problems, and according to records, Chiang Ching-kuo received a total of 1,023 people during such sessions in 1942. In regards to the ban on prostitution and closing of brothels, Chiang implemented a policy where former prostitutes became employed in factories. Due to the large number of refugees in Ganzhou as a result from the ongoing war, thousands of orphans lived on the street; in June 1942, Chiang Ching-kuo formally established the Chinese Children's Village (Chinese: 中華兒童新村) in the outskirts of Ganzhou, with facilities such as a nursery, kindergarten, primary school, hospital and gymnasium.[4][5]
People's Republic of China
[edit]On August 14, 1949, the People's Liberation Army established control of Gan County.[3] In June 1951, Ganzhou Prefecture (simplified Chinese: 赣州专区; traditional Chinese: 贛州專區) was established.[3]
In February 1999, Ganzhou was changed from a prefecture to a prefecture-level city.[3]
Administration
[edit]
Ganzhou has jurisdiction over 3 districts, 2 county-level cities, 13 counties:
- District
- Zhanggong District (章贡区)
- Nankang District (南康区)
- Ganxian District (赣县区)
- County-level cities
- Counties
- Yudu County (于都县)
- Xingguo County (兴国县)
- Ningdu County (宁都县)
- Shicheng County (石城县)
- Huichang County (会昌县)
- Xunwu County (寻乌县)
- Anyuan County (安远县)
- Dingnan County (定南县)
- Quannan County (全南县)
- Xinfeng County (信丰县)
- Dayu County (大余县)
- Chongyi County (崇义县)
- Shangyou County (上犹县)
| Map |
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Geography
[edit]
Ganzhou is a large city covering the southern third of Jiangxi, with an area of 39,400 square kilometres (15,200 sq mi). More than 70% of its administrative area is forested, and over 83% is also mountainous. Several of the major tributaries of the Gan River, Ganzhou's namesake, join at a confluence in the center of the city. Bordering prefecture-level cities are:
- Chenzhou – west
Jiangxi:
Climate
[edit]Ganzhou has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) affected by the East Asian monsoon, with long, humid, very hot summers and cool and drier winters with occasional cold snaps. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from 8.2 °C (46.8 °F) in January to 29.5 °C (85.1 °F) in July, with an annual average of 19.57 °C (67.2 °F). The average annual precipitation is around 1,450 mm (57 in). With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 20% in March to 62% in July, the city receives 1,778 hours of bright sunshine annually. Winter begins somewhat sunny and dry but becomes progressively wetter and cloudier; spring begins especially gloomy, and from March to June each of the months averages more than 170 mm (6.7 in) of rainfall. After the heavy rains subside in June, summer is especially sunny. Autumn is warm and relatively dry.
| Climate data for Ganzhou (Ganxian District) (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 27.7 (81.9) |
29.5 (85.1) |
32.2 (90.0) |
35.1 (95.2) |
36.5 (97.7) |
38.4 (101.1) |
40.0 (104.0) |
41.2 (106.2) |
38.8 (101.8) |
36.6 (97.9) |
32.8 (91.0) |
29.1 (84.4) |
41.2 (106.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 12.6 (54.7) |
15.5 (59.9) |
18.7 (65.7) |
25.0 (77.0) |
29.1 (84.4) |
31.8 (89.2) |
34.7 (94.5) |
34.1 (93.4) |
30.9 (87.6) |
26.6 (79.9) |
21.1 (70.0) |
15.1 (59.2) |
24.6 (76.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 8.4 (47.1) |
11.0 (51.8) |
14.4 (57.9) |
20.3 (68.5) |
24.5 (76.1) |
27.4 (81.3) |
29.7 (85.5) |
29.0 (84.2) |
26.2 (79.2) |
21.5 (70.7) |
16.0 (60.8) |
10.3 (50.5) |
19.9 (67.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.7 (42.3) |
8.0 (46.4) |
11.4 (52.5) |
16.9 (62.4) |
21.1 (70.0) |
24.3 (75.7) |
26.0 (78.8) |
25.5 (77.9) |
22.8 (73.0) |
17.9 (64.2) |
12.5 (54.5) |
7.0 (44.6) |
16.6 (61.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −6.0 (21.2) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
4.2 (39.6) |
11.1 (52.0) |
15.6 (60.1) |
19.1 (66.4) |
19.7 (67.5) |
13.1 (55.6) |
5.2 (41.4) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
−6.0 (21.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 71.6 (2.82) |
96.2 (3.79) |
173.5 (6.83) |
161.6 (6.36) |
224.5 (8.84) |
205.4 (8.09) |
135.2 (5.32) |
154.3 (6.07) |
75.8 (2.98) |
48.7 (1.92) |
65.6 (2.58) |
50.9 (2.00) |
1,463.3 (57.6) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 11.7 | 13.0 | 18.2 | 16.2 | 16.9 | 16.0 | 11.4 | 13.6 | 9.3 | 6.0 | 7.9 | 9.0 | 149.2 |
| Average snowy days | 1.3 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.4 | 2.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 76 | 76 | 79 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 69 | 72 | 73 | 70 | 73 | 73 | 74 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 82.7 | 84.0 | 79.9 | 114.4 | 139.9 | 162.6 | 253.3 | 223.0 | 175.3 | 168.0 | 139.0 | 124.4 | 1,746.5 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 25 | 26 | 21 | 30 | 34 | 40 | 61 | 56 | 48 | 47 | 43 | 38 | 39 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[6][7][8] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
[edit]Its population was 8,970,014 at the 2020 Chinese census whom 2,588,060 in the built-up (or metro) area made of Zhanggong, Nankang, and Ganxian Districts.
As of 2019, Ganzhou's birth rate is 12.96 per 1,000.[9]
Economy
[edit]As of 2021, Ganzhou's gross domestic product (GDP) totaled ¥416.9 billion, an 9.5% increase from the previous year.[10] Of this, ¥37.632 billion (10.83%) came from the city's primary sector, ¥136.819 billion (39.38%) came from the city's secondary sector, and ¥172.983 billion came (49.79%) from the city's tertiary sector.[10] The city's GDP per capita totaled ¥35,341.74.[10]
As of 2019, the per capita disposable income of the Ganzhou's urban residents totaled ¥34,826, and the per capita disposable income of the Ganzhou's rural residents totaled ¥11,941.[11]
In 2011, Ganzhou's gross domestic product totaled ¥133.598 billion.[12]
Tourism
[edit]
Ganzhou is known as the "Orange Capital of the World"[13][14] as well as the "Tungsten Capital of the World".[15] The world's largest mechanical clock is located in Ganzhou called the Harmony Clock Tower,[16] which was manufactured by UK-based clockmakers Smith of Derby Group. Though encircled by mountain scenery, other notable attractions in Jiangxi are Jingdezhen, Nanchang and Lushan among others. Some of the places of interest in Ganzhou include:
- Mount Jiulian (九连山), Longnan County
- Mei Pass, Dayu County
- Cuiwei Peak (翠微峰), Ningdu County
- Hakka architecture: Some of the most representative Hakka houses include Guanxi Xinwei (关西新围) of Longnan; Yanji Wei (燕翼围), of Yangcun (杨村); Longguang Wei (龙光围) of Taojiang (桃江); and Dongsheng Wei (东生围) of Anyuan, etc.
- Yugu Pavilion, Zhanggong District
- Bajing Pavilion, Zhanggong District
- Dongjin Bridge: Pontoon bridges have been constructed over the Zhang and Gong rivers since the Song dynasty. The Dongjin Bridge is one that can still be seen. It is 400 metres long, made up of wooden planks placed on around 100 wooden boats linked together with iron chains.
- Zao'er Alley (灶儿巷), Zhanggong District: An alley dating to at least the Song dynasty, with a length of 227.3 m (746 ft).[17]
Zhanggong has a city wall dating to the Song dynasty, as well as a number of pavilions and Buddhist and Taoist temples from the Ming and Qing. Altogether there are some 17 National Cultural Relic Protection Units in Ganzhou and 48 Provincial-level Cultural Relic Protection Units.
Media
[edit]Ganzhou Daily covers news about Ganzhou.
Transportation
[edit]Roads and highways
[edit]- China National Highways: G 105, G 206, G 319, G 323.
- Expressways of China: G45 Daqing–Guangzhou Expressway and G76 Xiamen–Chengdu Expressway.
Railway
[edit]
The Beijing-Jiulong Railway goes through Ganzhou from north to south, and it meets the Ganzhou–Longyan Railway (Ganlong line) at East Ganzhou Railway Station in Zhanggong District. Nanchang–Shenzhen high-speed railway is under construction. The Ganzhou–Shenzhen high-speed railway opened on 10 December 2021 and connects Ganzhou with Shenzhen.
Major railway stations in Ganzhou are:
- Ganzhou, Xingguo, Nankang, Xinfeng, Longnan and Dingnan (Beijing-Jiulong Railway)
- Ganxian, Yudu, Huichang, Ruijin (Ganzhou-Longyan Railway)
Air
[edit]
The new Ganzhou Huangjin Airport, located in Nankang, was opened on March 26, 2008. Its name inherited from the old Huangjin Airport in Huangjin Town, Zhanggong District, which was closed since it was too close to the expanding Ganzhou urban area. It has domestic routes to Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Nanchang, Xiamen, Nanjing, Shanghai, Nanning, Chongqing and Beijing.
Notable people
[edit]- Nobel Laureate Gao Xingjian (Nobel Prize for literature in 2000) was born in Ganzhou.
- Artist Hu Zhiying was born November 12, 1959, in Ganzhou.
- Actress Zhu Xijuan was born in Ganzhou.
- Professor Li Peng was born in Ganzhou.
Sister cities
[edit]
McAllen, Texas, United States, since 1994.
Roissy-en-France, Val-d'Oise, France, since 2008.[18]
Freetown, Sierra Leone, since 2008.- Brunswick, Georgia, United States, since 2008.
Phocis, Greece, since 2011.[19]
Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil, since 2013.
Notes
[edit]- ^ "China: Jiāngxī (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de.
- ^ 国民经济和社会发展（综合） (in Simplified Chinese). Ganzhou Municipal People's Government. Archived from the original on 2021-03-07. Retrieved 2021-03-07.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r 建置沿革 [Organizational History] (in Chinese). Ganzhou Municipal People's Government. 2020-11-16. Archived from the original on 2021-03-07. Retrieved 2021-03-07.
- ^ "Diocese of Ganzhou". www.ucanews.com. Retrieved 2023-05-13.
- ^ "Chiang Ching-kuo and the Regional Planning of Gannan under the Influence of Soviet Experience (1941-1945)" (PDF). Retrieved 2023-05-13.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
- ^ 中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年） (in Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Archived from the original on 2013-09-21. Retrieved 2010-05-04.
- ^ 人口与民族 [Population and Ethnicity] (in Chinese). Ganzhou Municipal People's Government. 2020-11-16. Archived from the original on 2021-03-07. Retrieved 2021-03-07.
- ^ a b c 国民经济和社会发展（综合） [National Economic and Social Development (Comprehensive)] (in Chinese). Ganzhou Municipal People's Government. 2020-09-16. Archived from the original on 2021-03-07. Retrieved 2021-03-07.
- ^ 国民经济和社会发展（人民生活与社会保障） [National Economic and Social Development (People's Livelihoods and Social Security)] (in Chinese). Ganzhou Municipal People's Government. 2020-09-16. Archived from the original on 2021-03-07. Retrieved 2021-03-07.
- ^ 赣州市2011年全年主要经济指标 [Ganzhou 2011 Primary Economic Index] (in Chinese). Ganzhou Municipal People's Government. 2012-02-02. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2021-03-07.
- ^ "世界橙乡"赣州创造脐橙销售奇迹 １１２万吨售空 (in Chinese (China)). Jiangxi Times. 2010-05-25. Archived from the original on 2011-07-26. Retrieved 2011-01-23.
- ^ "Contest Entry Notice for the Design of the Logo of "Ganzhou-World Capital of the Navel Orange"". Ganzhou Daily. 2010-01-13. Archived from the original on 2010-09-26. Retrieved 2011-01-23.
- ^ "Ganzhou the world's largest tungsten supplier". China Daily. 2007-12-21. Retrieved 2011-01-13.
- ^ "Ganzhou World's Largest Mechanical Clock". Ganzhou Daily. 2010-07-14. Archived from the original on 2011-07-26. Retrieved 2011-01-23.
- ^ Jiang, Peiheng (江佩横). 皂儿巷之行(组图)-搜狐新闻. 天津日报 – via Sohu News.
- ^ http://www.aaecf.com/shownew.asp?id=543 Archived 2012-02-16 at the Wayback Machine "Ganzhou and Roissy become sister cities", Association Amitié Euro-Chinoise (Chinese)
- ^ Μνημόνιο Φιλίας και Συνεργασίας μεταξύ της περιφερειακής ενότητας Φωκίδας και της περιοχής Ganzhou της Κίνας. aftodioikisi.gr (in Greek). Archived from the original on 2012-01-08.
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ganzhou.
- Ganzhou, Jiangxi (Chinese) Archived 2010-11-15 at the Wayback Machine
Ganzhou travel guide from Wikivoyage
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