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{{Short description|North Korean minister and politician (1903–1983)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Expand Korean|topic=bio|date=February 2024}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2014}}
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}}
{{family name hatnote|Kang||lang=Korean}}
{{family name hatnote|Kang||lang=Korean}}
{{Refimprove|date=April 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}


{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Kang Ryang-uk
| name = Kang Ryang-uk
| native_name = 강량욱
| native_name = 강량욱
| native_name_lang = kr
| native_name_lang = ko
| honorific_suffix =
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Kang Ryang-uk.jpg
| image = Kang Ryang-uk.jpg
| image_size =
| image_size =
| image_upright =
| image_upright =
| smallimage = <!--If this is specified, "image" should not be.-->
| smallimage = <!--If this is specified, "image" should not be.-->
| smallimage_alt =
| smallimage_alt =
| alt =
| alt =
| caption = Portrait of [[Kang Ryang-uk]]
| caption = Portrait of Kang Ryang-uk
| order = 2nd
| order = 2nd
| office = Vice President of North Korea
| office = Vice President of North Korea
| term_start = 28 December 1972
| term_start = 28 December 1972
| term_end = 15 December 1977
| term_end = 15 December 1977
| president = [[Kim Il-sung]]
| president = [[Kim Il Sung]]
| predecessor = [[Choe Yong-gon (official)|Choe Yong-gon]]
| predecessor = [[Choe Yong-gon (official)|Choe Yong-gon]]
| successor = [[Kim Tong-gyu]]
| successor = [[Kim Tong-gyu]]
| order2 = 7th
| order2 = 7th
| office2 = Vice President of North Korea
| office2 = Vice President of North Korea
| term_start2 = 15 December 1977
| term_start2 = 15 December 1977
| term_end2 = 5 April 1982
| term_end2 = 5 April 1982
| president2 = [[Kim Il-sung]]
| president2 = [[Kim Il Sung]]
| predecessor2 = [[Pak Song-chol]]
| predecessor2 = [[Pak Song-chol]]
| successor2 = [[Kim Il (politician)|Kim Il]]
| successor2 = [[Kim Il (politician)|Kim Il]]
| pronunciation =
| pronunciation =
| birth_name =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1904|11|01}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1903|12|07||df=yes}}
| birth_place =
| birth_place = [[Pyongyang]], [[Korean Empire]]<ref name=cybernk/>
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1983|01|09|1904|11|01}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1983|01|09|1903|12|07|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[North Korea]]
| death_place = Pyongyang, North Korea
| death_cause = Illness
| resting_place =
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| resting_place_coordinates =
| resting_place =
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| citizenship =
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| resting_place_coordinates =
| citizenship =
| nationality =
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| party =
| party =
| otherparty = <!--For additional political affiliations-->
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| height = <!-- "X cm", "X m" or "X ft Y in" plus optional reference (conversions are automatic) -->
| otherparty = <!--For additional political affiliations-->
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| spouse =
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| height = <!-- "X cm", "X m" or "X ft Y in" plus optional reference (conversions are automatic) -->
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| partner = <!--For those with a domestic partner and not married-->
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| spouse =
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| relations =
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| partner = <!--For those with a domestic partner and not married-->
| relations =
| children =
| parents = <!-- overrides mother and father parameters -->
| children =
| parents = <!-- overrides mother and father parameters -->
| mother = <!-- may be used (optionally with father parameter) in place of parents parameter (displays "Parent(s)" as label) -->
| mother = <!-- may be used (optionally with father parameter) in place of parents parameter (displays "Parent(s)" as label) -->
| father = <!-- may be used (optionally with mother parameter) in place of parents parameter (displays "Parent(s)" as label) -->
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| relatives =
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| salary =
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| net_worth = <!-- Net worth should be supported with a citation from a reliable source -->
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| salary =
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| cabinet =
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| net_worth = <!-- Net worth should be supported with a citation from a reliable source -->
| cabinet =
| committees =
| committees =
| portfolio =
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| awards = <!-- For civilian awards - appears as "Awards" if |mawards= is not set -->
| portfolio =
| blank1 = Religion
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| awards = <!-- For civilian awards - appears as "Awards" if |mawards= is not set -->
| blank1 =
| data1 = [[Presbyterianism]]
| data1 =
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| signature =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
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| website = <!--Military service-->
| signature_alt =
| website =
| nickname =
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| allegiance =
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<!--Military service-->
| nickname =
| branch =
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| serviceyears =
| branch =
| rank =
| serviceyears =
| unit =
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| commands =
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| battles =
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| mawards = <!-- for military awards - appears as "Awards" if |awards= is not set -->
| commands =
| battles =
| military_blank1 =
| military_data1 =
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| mawards = <!-- for military awards - appears as "Awards" if |awards= is not set -->
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| military_blank2 =
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| military_blank3 =
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| military_blank5 =
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| military_blank4 =
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| military_data5 = <!--Embedded templates / Footnotes-->
| military_data4 =
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| module = {{Infobox Korean name
⚫
| military_blank5 =
⚫
|context=north
| military_data5 =
|hangul=강량욱
⚫
<!--Embedded templates / Footnotes-->
⚫
|hanja=康良煜
⚫
| module =
⚫
|rr=Gang Ryanguk
⚫
| module2 =
⚫
|mr=Kang Ryanguk
⚫
| module3 =
|child=yes
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| module4 =
}}
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| module5 =
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}}


'''Kang Ryang-uk''' ({{korean|강량욱|context=north}}; December 7, 1903 &ndash; January 9, 1983), also spelled '''Kang Lyanguk''', was a North Korean [[Presbyterian]] minister and Chairman of the [[Korean Christian Federation]] since 1946.


== Biography ==
⚫
{{Infobox Korean name
Kang was born on December 7, 1903.<ref>{{cite web |script-title=ko:정세와기도 - 2017년 11월 9일 주여, 감사합니다. |url=http://jubileeuni.com/index.php?mid=pray1&sort_index=title&order_type=desc&document_srl=48548 |website=jubileeuni.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |script-title=ko:12월 7일 오늘의 역사.. 대설, 미국 진주만 희생자 추모일 |url=http://m.dailyjeonbuk.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=295084 |website=m.dailyjeonbuk.com |access-date=23 May 2018 |archive-date=20 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620001234/http://m.dailyjeonbuk.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=295084 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
⚫
|context=north
|hangul={{linktext|강|량|욱}}
⚫
|hanja={{linktext|康|良|煜|}}
⚫
|rr=Gang Ryang-uk
⚫
|mr=Kang Ryang'uk
|image=Kang Ryang-uk.jpg
⚫
}}


Kang was the maternal uncle of North Korean leader [[Kim Il Sung]]. Kim's mother, Kang's cousin, was [[Kang Pan Sok]], who was also a devout Presbyterian.<ref name="CornerLim2016">{{cite book |last1=Armstrong |first1=Charles |title=The Palgrave Handbook of Mass Dictatorship |publisher=Springer |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-137-43763-1 |editor-last=Corner |editor-first=Paul |page=76 |chapter=Political Religion |editor2=Jie-Hyun Lim |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w4IgDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA76}}</ref> In his early years, Kang was a schoolteacher at Changdok School(one of his pupils was Kim Il Sung). Changdok School was a private school that Kim Il Sung's maternal grandfather, Kang Ton Uk, established at [[Chilgol]] in 1908.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kim Il-Sung and His Mentor |url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-il-sung/bio/mentor.pdf }}</ref> In the 1940s he studied [[Theology]] at [[Kim Il Sung University|Pyongyang University]], and after he completed his study, he became a minister.
'''Kang Ryang-uk''' ({{korean|강량욱|context=north}}, 1 November 1904 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://jubileeuni.com/index.php?mid=pray1&sort_index=title&order_type=desc&document_srl=48548|title=정세와기도 - 2017년 11월 9일 주여, 감사합니다.|website=jubileeuni.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.dailyjeonbuk.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=295084|title=12월 7일 오늘의 역사.. 대설, 미국 진주만 희생자 추모일|website=m.dailyjeonbuk.com}}</ref> &ndash; 9 January 1983),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/01/12/world/kang-ryang-uk-79-a-leader-of-north-korean-communists.html|title=Kang Ryang Uk, 79, a Leader Of North Korean Communists|first=|last=Ap|date=12 January 1983|publisher=|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref> also spelled '''Kang Lyanguk''', was a [[North Korea]]n [[Presbyterian]] minister and Chairman of the [[Korean Christian Federation]] since 1946.<ref name="CornerLim2016">{{cite book|last1=Armstrong|first1=Charles|editor-last=Corner|editor-first=Paul |editor2=Jie-Hyun Lim|title=The Palgrave Handbook of Mass Dictatorship|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w4IgDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA76|year=2016|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-137-43763-1|page=76|chapter=Political Religion}}</ref>


⚫
Kang became a close adviser to Kim Il Sung shortly after his return from the [[Soviet Union]] in October 1945.{{Clarify|reason=Kim's return or Kang's return? Kim returned in September 1945 according to most sources|date=June 2023}} In 1946 he became the Chairman of the Christian League, later called the [[Korean Christian Federation]].<ref name="CornerLim2016" /> This organization was in close contact with the Communist Party. In 1949 all [[Protestant]] Ministers were forced to join Kang's Christian Federation.
Kang was the maternal uncle of North Korean Premier [[Kim Il-sung]]. Kim's mother, Kang's cousin, was [[Kang Pan-sok]], who was also a devout Presbyterian.<ref name="CornerLim2016"/> In his early years, Kang he was a school teacher (one of his pupils was Kim Il Sung). In the 1940s he studied [[Theology]] at the [[Pyongyang University]]{{dn|date=April 2021}}, and after he completed his study he became a minister.


⚫
In the late 1940s, Kang became Vice Chairman of the [[Korean Social Democratic Party]], which was a close ally of the ruling [[Workers' Party of Korea]].
⚫
Kang became one of the close advisers of [[Kim Il-sung|Kim Il-Sung]] shortly after his return from the [[Soviet Union]] in October 1945. In 1946 he became the Chairman of the Christian League, later called the [[Korean Christian Federation]]. This organisation was in close contact with the Communist Party. In 1949 all [[Protestant]] Ministers were forced to join Kang's Christian Federation.


He became the chairman of the party in November 1958.<ref name=cybernk>{{Cite web |script-title=ko:강량욱(康良旭) |script-work=ko:북한지역정보넷 |language=ko |access-date=28 January 2022 |url= http://www.cybernk.net/infoText/InfoHumanDetail.aspx?mc=EJ1101&sc=EJ11&hid=EJ110100227049 }}</ref>
⚫
In the late 1940s, Kang became Deputy Chairman of the [[Korean Social Democratic Party]] (Korean Democratic Party), which was a close ally of the ruling [[Workers' Party of Korea]].


⚫
Kang later served as a [[Vice President of North Korea]] and a secretary of the [[Supreme People's Assembly]]. He was appointed as vice president by the [[Supreme People's Assembly]] on December 28, 1972. He was re-endorsed for the role on December 15, 1977 and eventually left the office in 1982.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chiefs of State and Cabinet members of foreign governments / National Foreign Assessment Center. 1973Jan-June. |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=osu.32435024020067;view=1up;seq=2 |website=HathiTrust |accessdate=11 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Chiefs of State and Cabinet members of foreign governments / National Foreign Assessment Center. 1983Jan-June. |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=osu.32435024019887 |website=HathiTrust |accessdate=11 March 2019|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite news |last=Ap |date=12 January 1983 |title=Kang Ryang Uk, 79, a Leader Of North Korean Communists |newspaper=The New York Times |publisher= |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/01/12/world/kang-ryang-uk-79-a-leader-of-north-korean-communists.html}}</ref>
He became the Chairman of the party in the 1950s.<ref name="sino_Voic">{{Cite web |title=Voices from the Black Box: 1987, the Social Democratic Party, and Protection of Human Rights |last=Weiser |first=Martin |work=Sino-NK |date=September 14, 2015 |access-date=12 September 2018 |url= https://sinonk.com/2015/09/14/voices-from-the-blackbox-1987-the-social-democratic-party-and-protection-of-human-rights/ }}</ref>


== Death and legacy ==
⚫
Kang later served as a deputy prime minister of North Korea and a secretary of the [[Supreme People's Assembly]]. He was appointed as [[Vice President of North Korea|Vice President]] by the [[Supreme People's Assembly]] in 1972 and he left the office in 1982.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chiefs of State and Cabinet members of foreign governments / National Foreign Assessment Center. 1973Jan-June. |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=osu.32435024020067;view=1up;seq=2 |website=HathiTrust |accessdate=11 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Chiefs of State and Cabinet members of foreign governments / National Foreign Assessment Center. 1983Jan-June. |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=osu.32435024019887 |website=HathiTrust |accessdate=11 March 2019|language=en}}</ref>
He died on January 9, 1983. Kim Il Sung mourned his death at a ceremony shortly afterward. According to the January 12, 1983 announcement of his death, a state funeral was planned for him.<ref name=":0" />


Kang's second son, [[Kang Yong-sop]], later succeeded him as head of the Korean Christian Federation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pcusa.org/news/2012/1/23/north-korean-christian-leader-kang-young-sup-dies/|title=North Korean Christian leader Kang Young-sup dies|publisher=Presbyterian Church USA|accessdate=2014-03-24|date=2012-01-23}}</ref>
Kang's second son, [[Kang Yong-sop]], later succeeded him as head of the Korean Christian Federation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pcusa.org/news/2012/1/23/north-korean-christian-leader-kang-young-sup-dies/|title=North Korean Christian leader Kang Young-sup dies|publisher=Presbyterian Church USA|accessdate=2014-03-24|date=2012-01-23}}</ref>
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==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book | author = O Myong Kum | title=Kim Il Sung and His Mentor | location = Korea | publisher=[[Foreign Languages Publishing House (North Korea)|Foreign Languages Publishing House]] | year=2021 | url=http://www.korean-books.com.kp/packages/xnps/download.php?/KBMbooks/en/book/politics/20210723145428.pdf | translator1=Choe Kyong Nam | translator2 = Jong Myong Jin |isbn=978-9946-0-1996-3}} <!--direct link http://www.korean-books.com.kp/KBMbooks/en/book/politics/20210723145428.pdf-->


{{DEFAULTSORT:Kang, Ryang-uk}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kang, Ryang-uk}}
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[[Category:Korean Social Democratic Party politicians]]
[[Category:Korean Social Democratic Party politicians]]
[[Category:1902 births]]
[[Category:1902 births]]
[[Category:People from Pyongyang]]
[[Category:1983 deaths]]
[[Category:1983 deaths]]
[[Category:Members of the 1st Supreme People's Assembly]]
[[Category:Members of the 1st Supreme People's Assembly]]
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[[Category:Members of the 3rd Supreme People's Assembly]]
[[Category:Members of the 3rd Supreme People's Assembly]]
[[Category:Members of the 4th Supreme People's Assembly]]
[[Category:Members of the 4th Supreme People's Assembly]]
[[Category:Korean Presbyterian ministers]]
[[Category:Sincheon Kang clan|Ryang-uk]]
[[Category:White Shirts Society]]
[[Category:Burials at the Patriotic Martyrs' Cemetery]]




Latest revision as of 03:58, 24 December 2024

In this Korean name, the family name is Kang.

Kang Ryang-uk
강량욱
Portrait of Kang Ryang-uk
2nd Vice President of North Korea
In office
28 December 1972 – 15 December 1977
PresidentKim Il Sung
Preceded byChoe Yong-gon
Succeeded byKim Tong-gyu
7th Vice President of North Korea
In office
15 December 1977 – 5 April 1982
PresidentKim Il Sung
Preceded byPak Song-chol
Succeeded byKim Il
Personal details
Born(1903-12-07)7 December 1903
Pyongyang, Korean Empire[1]
Died9 January 1983(1983-01-09) (aged 79)
Pyongyang, North Korea
ReligionPresbyterianism
Korean name
Chosŏn'gŭl
강량욱
Hancha
康良煜
Revised RomanizationGang Ryanguk
McCune–ReischauerKang Ryanguk

Kang Ryang-uk (Korean: 강량욱; December 7, 1903 – January 9, 1983), also spelled Kang Lyanguk, was a North Korean Presbyterian minister and Chairman of the Korean Christian Federation since 1946.

Biography

[edit]

Kang was born on December 7, 1903.[2][3]

Kang was the maternal uncle of North Korean leader Kim Il Sung. Kim's mother, Kang's cousin, was Kang Pan Sok, who was also a devout Presbyterian.[4] In his early years, Kang was a schoolteacher at Changdok School(one of his pupils was Kim Il Sung). Changdok School was a private school that Kim Il Sung's maternal grandfather, Kang Ton Uk, established at Chilgol in 1908.[5] In the 1940s he studied Theology at Pyongyang University, and after he completed his study, he became a minister.

Kang became a close adviser to Kim Il Sung shortly after his return from the Soviet Union in October 1945.[clarification needed] In 1946 he became the Chairman of the Christian League, later called the Korean Christian Federation.[4] This organization was in close contact with the Communist Party. In 1949 all Protestant Ministers were forced to join Kang's Christian Federation.

In the late 1940s, Kang became Vice Chairman of the Korean Social Democratic Party, which was a close ally of the ruling Workers' Party of Korea.

He became the chairman of the party in November 1958.[1]

Kang later served as a Vice President of North Korea and a secretary of the Supreme People's Assembly. He was appointed as vice president by the Supreme People's Assembly on December 28, 1972. He was re-endorsed for the role on December 15, 1977 and eventually left the office in 1982.[6][7][8]

Death and legacy

[edit]

He died on January 9, 1983. Kim Il Sung mourned his death at a ceremony shortly afterward. According to the January 12, 1983 announcement of his death, a state funeral was planned for him.[8]

Kang's second son, Kang Yong-sop, later succeeded him as head of the Korean Christian Federation.[9]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b 강량욱(康良旭). 북한지역정보넷 (in Korean). Retrieved 28 January 2022.
  2. ^ 정세와기도 - 2017년 11월 9일 주여, 감사합니다.. jubileeuni.com.
  3. ^ 12월 7일 오늘의 역사.. 대설, 미국 진주만 희생자 추모일. m.dailyjeonbuk.com. Archived from the original on 20 June 2018. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
  4. ^ a b Armstrong, Charles (2016). "Political Religion". In Corner, Paul; Jie-Hyun Lim (eds.). The Palgrave Handbook of Mass Dictatorship. Springer. p. 76. ISBN 978-1-137-43763-1.
  5. ^ "Kim Il-Sung and His Mentor" (PDF).
  6. ^ "Chiefs of State and Cabinet members of foreign governments / National Foreign Assessment Center. 1973Jan-June". HathiTrust. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  7. ^ "Chiefs of State and Cabinet members of foreign governments / National Foreign Assessment Center. 1983Jan-June". HathiTrust. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
  8. ^ a b Ap (12 January 1983). "Kang Ryang Uk, 79, a Leader Of North Korean Communists". The New York Times.
  9. ^ "North Korean Christian leader Kang Young-sup dies". Presbyterian Church USA. 23 January 2012. Retrieved 24 March 2014.

Further reading

[edit]


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