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{{Short description|Herding caste of India}}
The '''Gaderia''', also known as [[Dhangar]], [[Baghel]] or Pal, is a [[Hindu]] [[caste]] found mainly in [[North India]].<ref>People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII Part two by K S Singh page 480 Manohar Publications</ref><ref>People of India Haryana Volume XXIII edited by M.K Sharma and A.K Bhatia pages 162 to 165 Manohar</ref>
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox caste
| languages = [[Hindi]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Rajasthani languages|Rajasthani]], [[Bihari languages|Bihari]], [[Chhattisgarhi]], [[Gujarati language|Gujrati language]], [[Bengali language]], [[Gaddi language]], [[Northern Indo-Aryan languages]],<ref name="Sashi 1982 13–73"/>
| religions = [[Hinduism]]<ref name="Sashi 1982 13–73">{{Cite book |last=Sashi |first=Dr. Shyam singh |url=https://indianculture.gov.in/ebooks/shepherds-india-socio-cultural-study-sheep-and-cattle-rearing-communities |title=Shepherds of India: A Socio-Cultural Study of Sheep and Cattle-Rearing Communities |publisher=Sundeep publication |year=1982 |edition=1st |location=Delhi |pages=13–73 |language=English |oclc=4322453 |department=Archaeological survey of india}}</ref>
| country = {{flag|India}}
|related=• [[Pal - Rajpali Rajput]]
⚫
• [[Dhangar]]


• [[Rabari|Rabari/Raika]]


• [[Gaddis]]
==History and origin==


• [[Bharwad|Bharwad/Bharvad]] <ref name="Gujrat obc list">{{Cite web |title=National Commission for Backward Classes |url=https://www.ncbc.nic.in/user_panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLuo5Ww/EcQPqeqoATXAB7p/QEBF7wOoZVUZeNdA4Fs5xoHN3KPmF8ST |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240718054446/https://www.ncbc.nic.in/user_panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLuo5Ww%2FEcQPqeqoATXAB7p%2FQEBF7wOoZVUZeNdA4Fs5xoHN3KPmF8ST |archive-date=2024-07-18 |access-date=2024-12-17 |website=www.ncbc.nic.in |language=en}}</ref>
The Gaderia are a caste of shepherds, goat, cow herders and blanket makers and claim they are who started bussines. The name is derived from the [[Hindi]] word ''gadar'' (sheep). The Baghela sect of the Gaderia derive their name from the Baghela river, which flows in [[Madhya Pradesh]]. According to their traditions a Gaderia king named Baghela ruled them and they claim descent from him. Their emigration is said to have occurred in the middle ages<ref>People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII Part two by K S Singh page 481 Manohar Publications</ref>


• [[Konar (caste)|konar/Idaiyar]]
In [[Haryana]], the Gaderia claim that took the rearing of goats, when they were pushed into the jungle by rivals. They have four sub-groups, the Dhangar, Nabbhar, Kanchane and Saila. The community speak [[Haryanvi]].<ref>People of India Haryana Volume XXIII edited by M.K Sharma and A.K Bhatia pages 162 to 165 Manohar</ref>


• [[Kuruba]]
The Gaderia claim Kshatriya status, though this (as well as relationships with the [[Thakur]]) is disputed by the Baghela.{{cn}}


• [[Hatkar]]
==Present circumstances==


• [[Sagar Rajput]]
The Gaderia are divided into two main endogamous groups, namely the [[Dhangar]] and [[Baghel]] or Pal. They are divided into twelve sub castes, the [[Baghel]], [[Bamhaniya]], [[Chandel]], [[Dhingar]], [[Haranwal]], [[Kachhwaha]], [[Sisodia]], [[Nikhar]], [[Phul]] [[Singhiya]], [[Rathore]], [[Sagar]] and [[Saraswar]].


• [[Holkar]]
The community is endogamous, and maintains [[gotra]] exogamy. They are Hindu and worshipers of the [[Shakti]] cult. In addition, they also worship a number of village deities.


• [[Kurumba Gounder]]
Their main occupation has remained the rearing of cows and buffaloes, as well as sheep and goats. Generally, landholdings are small, and many members of the community are involved in private and government service. A significant number of Gadariya are now small and medium sized farmers.
• [[Kurumbas]]<ref name="Sashi 1982 13–73"/> |family_names=Pal/Rajpali, Baghel, Holkar, Hatkar, Mohaniya, Sisodiya, Chaudhary, Ghosh, Mandal, Bhagat, Dhangar, Chandel, Chauhan, Moria, Pradhan, Rathore, Singh, Prasad, Patel e.t.c.<ref name="Sashi 1982 13–73"/> |populated_states=[[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Punjab]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Haryana]], [[Bihar]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Gujarat]], [[West Bengal]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Uttarakhand]], and [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu & Kashmir]]<ref name="Sashi 1982 13–73"/>|caste_name=Shepherd caste of North India (GADERIA)
<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Russell |first=R. V. (Robert Vane) |url=https://archive.org/details/tribescastesofce03russ/page/2/mode/2up?q=Gadaria |title=The tribes and castes of the Central Provinces of India |date=1916 |publisher=London : Macmillan and Co., limited |others=University of California Libraries}}</ref>|region=[[North India]]<ref name=":1"/>|subdivisions=[[Nikhar]] and [[Dhangar]]<ref name="Sashi 1982 13–73"/>}}


The '''Gadaria''' or '''Gadariya''' is a [[herding]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] of North India that was traditionally involved professionally in [[livestock breeding]], especially [[sheep]]. They are primarily found in [[Uttar Pradesh]] and in some parts of [[Punjab]], [[Haryana]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu & Kashmir]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Bihar]]<ref name="Ghurye" /><ref name="Sashi 1982 13–73"/><ref name=":1"/>
They have a caste council, which deals with issues of disputes with in the community, elopements, divorce and petty theft.<ref>People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII Part two by K S Singh page 480-485 Manohar Publications</ref>


==Etymology==
The four divisions of the Haryana do not intermarry. Each of the four sub-divisions are further divided into clans, the main ones being the Hirenwal, Bania, Saraswat, Katharia, Kastur, Jhindwaar, Panwar, Chandol, Kalandhar, Phulsange, Pakhia, Chandal, Tikia-Chandan and Pipalhere. The Gadarias practice endogamy and maintain village and clan exogamy.<ref>People of India Haryana Volume XXIII edited by M.K Sharma and A.K Bhatia pages 162 to 165 Manohar</ref>
The word Gadariya is derived from two words of [[Sanskrit]] language Garh and Arya. For example Gadh+Arya = GadhArya / Gadhariya / Gadariya.


The word Gadariya is derived from the o ld [[Hindi]] word ''Gadar'', which means ''sheep''.<ref name="Ghurye">{{cite book |last1=Ghurye |first1=G.S. |title=Caste and race in India |date=2008 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |location=Bombay |isbn=9788171542055 |page=32 |edition=5th |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nWkjsvf6_vsC&pg=PA32 |access-date=7 August 2016}}</ref>
==See also==
* [[Baghel]]
⚫
* [[Dhangar]]
* [[Gaddi (tribe)|Gaddi]]
* [[Gujjar]]
* [[Ahir]]


==References==
==History==
In the early 1910s, an educated class of Gadarias formed All India Pal Kshatriya Mahasabha. There were debates within the community whether to add Kshatriya suffix to the community name. In the 1930s, they started referring to themselves as "Pali Rajput", a synonym of Pal Kshatriya.{{sfnp|Singh|2020|p=Caste organisations in the pre-Independence period/Sanskritization phase (Roughly the 1920s-1950s)}} They started caste magazines like "Pal Kshatriya Samachar" and "Shepherd Times". Later the community went through the process of [[De-Sanskritisation]] and dropped the suffix Kshatriya. Among the reasons cited for de-sanskritization were losing autonomy of their caste identity and avoiding being submerged into the identity of high castes.{{sfnp|Singh|2020|p=Phase II (1956 onwards): De-sanskritization towards an alternative culture}}


==Sub-castes and clans==
There are two major subdivisions amongst Gadarias, namely [[Dhangar]] and [[Nikhar]]. They share the same [[gotra]]s such as Chauhan, Parihar, Sisodiya, Shirashwar, Chandel, Mohania, Kula etc are some of the gotras amongst them.{{sfnp|Shashi|2011|p=29}}

== Classification ==
They are classified as [[Other Backward Class]] in the [[Reservation in India|Indian System of Reservation]].<ref name="MP OBC">{{cite report |author=Central Commission for Backward Classes |date= 20 October 2020|title=Central List of OBCs Madhya Pradesh|url= http://ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLuPAiTDwaBMRTkcitPtwFoYM%2FvPkOo88fWK%2Fs%2FLWkaxMKHeos%2Fc%2FKys|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201020030327/http://ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLuPAiTDwaBMRTkcitPtwFoYM%2FvPkOo88fWK%2Fs%2FLWkaxMKHeos%2Fc%2FKys|archive-date= 20 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="Chhattisgarh OBC">{{cite report |author=Central Commission for Backward Classes |date= 20 October 2020|title=Central List of OBCs Chattisgarh|url= http://ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLvU0s0yRV7aeb13aoM90cT9ioOuR4xIGRL%2FPpW8Y55aF3GqmP%2B6qk0h|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201020030536/http://ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLvU0s0yRV7aeb13aoM90cT9ioOuR4xIGRL%2FPpW8Y55aF3GqmP%2B6qk0h|archive-date= 20 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="UP OBC">{{cite report |author=Central Commission for Backward Classes |date= 20 October 2020|title=Central List of OBCs Uttar Pradesh|url= http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLvxbegUDuc3MN4eB5E3Ecc1drRPAf1qXQ%2Bl0IqIfhjN1xHrf4i2h5g0|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201020162131/http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLvxbegUDuc3MN4eB5E3Ecc1drRPAf1qXQ%2Bl0IqIfhjN1xHrf4i2h5g0|archive-date= 20 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="UK OBC">{{cite report |author=Central Commission for Backward Classes |date= 20 October 2020|title=Central List of OBCs Uttarakhand|url= http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLsuCb9GxzA3FUXPNZAkS8Kj%2BVqdHT8iuedaGzNgriEQksoNWttsla2n|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201020162328/http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLsuCb9GxzA3FUXPNZAkS8Kj%2BVqdHT8iuedaGzNgriEQksoNWttsla2n|archive-date= 20 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="Delhi OBC">{{cite report |author=Central Commission for Backward Classes |date= 20 October 2020|title=Central List of OBCs Delhi|url= http://ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLvYWWarIfsJpAU09izbLPYElcezG29yU0iGiE06dFe%2F6LJkoytsMWec|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201020030522/http://ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLvYWWarIfsJpAU09izbLPYElcezG29yU0iGiE06dFe%2F6LJkoytsMWec|archive-date= 20 October 2020}}</ref>

==Religion==
They generally practice [[Hinduism]], worshipping various popular deities including [[Rama]], [[Krishna]], [[Shiva]], [[Vishnu]], [[Hanuman]], [[Kali]], [[Chandi]] and [[Lakshmi]], as well as various [[Kuladevata]], or family deities. Some of them wear the [[sacred thread]]. A majority of them are [[vegetarian]]s.{{sfnp|Shashi|2011|p=32}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


===Bibliography===
* {{cite book|last=Singh|first=Jagpal|author-link2=former Delhi University professor|year=2020|title=Caste, State and Society Degrees of Democracy in North India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vfn1DwAAQBAJ|publisher=Routledge India (Taylor & Francis Group)|isbn=9780429343063}}
* {{cite book|author-link=Shyam Singh Shashi
|first=Shyam Singh |last=Shashi |title=The Shepherds of India |url=http://ignca.gov.in/Asi_data/68789.pdf |year=2011 |publisher=Sundeep Prakashan, 1978 |asin=B003UD017Q}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:People, Gadaria}}
[[Category:Indian castes]]
[[Category:Indian castes]]
[[Category:Social groups of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Social groups of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Social groups of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Social groups of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Social groups of Haryana]]
[[Category:Social groups of Haryana]]
[[Category:Pastoral castes]]
[[Category:Pastoralists]]
[[Category:Herding castes]]
[[Category:Other Backward Classes of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Other Backward Classes of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Other Backward Classes of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Other Backward Classes of Bihar]]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Haryana]]

Latest revision as of 05:05, 24 December 2024

Shepherd caste of North India (GADERIA) [1]
ReligionsHinduism[2]
LanguagesHindi, Punjabi, Rajasthani, Bihari, Chhattisgarhi, Gujrati language, Bengali language, Gaddi language, Northern Indo-Aryan languages,[2]
Country India
Populated statesUttar Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Haryana, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, West Bengal, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and Jammu & Kashmir[2]
RegionNorth India[1]
Family namesPal/Rajpali, Baghel, Holkar, Hatkar, Mohaniya, Sisodiya, Chaudhary, Ghosh, Mandal, Bhagat, Dhangar, Chandel, Chauhan, Moria, Pradhan, Rathore, Singh, Prasad, Patel e.t.c.[2]
SubdivisionsNikhar and Dhangar[2]
Related groups• Pal - Rajpali Rajput

• Dhangar

• Rabari/Raika

• Gaddis

• Bharwad/Bharvad [3]

• konar/Idaiyar

• Kuruba

• Hatkar

• Sagar Rajput

• Holkar

• Kurumba Gounder

• Kurumbas[2]

The Gadaria or Gadariya is a herding caste of North India that was traditionally involved professionally in livestock breeding, especially sheep. They are primarily found in Uttar Pradesh and in some parts of Punjab, Haryana, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Bihar[4][2][1]

Etymology

[edit]

The word Gadariya is derived from two words of Sanskrit language Garh and Arya. For example Gadh+Arya = GadhArya / Gadhariya / Gadariya.

The word Gadariya is derived from the o ld Hindi word Gadar, which means sheep.[4]

History

[edit]

In the early 1910s, an educated class of Gadarias formed All India Pal Kshatriya Mahasabha. There were debates within the community whether to add Kshatriya suffix to the community name. In the 1930s, they started referring to themselves as "Pali Rajput", a synonym of Pal Kshatriya.[5] They started caste magazines like "Pal Kshatriya Samachar" and "Shepherd Times". Later the community went through the process of De-Sanskritisation and dropped the suffix Kshatriya. Among the reasons cited for de-sanskritization were losing autonomy of their caste identity and avoiding being submerged into the identity of high castes.[6]

Sub-castes and clans

[edit]

There are two major subdivisions amongst Gadarias, namely Dhangar and Nikhar. They share the same gotras such as Chauhan, Parihar, Sisodiya, Shirashwar, Chandel, Mohania, Kula etc are some of the gotras amongst them.[7]

Classification

[edit]

They are classified as Other Backward Class in the Indian System of Reservation.[8][9][10][11][12]

Religion

[edit]

They generally practice Hinduism, worshipping various popular deities including Rama, Krishna, Shiva, Vishnu, Hanuman, Kali, Chandi and Lakshmi, as well as various Kuladevata, or family deities. Some of them wear the sacred thread. A majority of them are vegetarians.[13]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Russell, R. V. (Robert Vane) (1916). The tribes and castes of the Central Provinces of India. University of California Libraries. London : Macmillan and Co., limited.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Sashi, Dr. Shyam singh (1982). Shepherds of India: A Socio-Cultural Study of Sheep and Cattle-Rearing Communities. Archaeological survey of india (1st ed.). Delhi: Sundeep publication. pp. 13–73. OCLC 4322453.
  3. ^ "National Commission for Backward Classes". www.ncbc.nic.in. Archived from the original on 18 July 2024. Retrieved 17 December 2024.
  4. ^ a b Ghurye, G.S. (2008). Caste and race in India (5th ed.). Bombay: Popular Prakashan. p. 32. ISBN 9788171542055. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
  5. ^ Singh (2020), p. Caste organisations in the pre-Independence period/Sanskritization phase (Roughly the 1920s-1950s).
  6. ^ Singh (2020), p. Phase II (1956 onwards): De-sanskritization towards an alternative culture.
  7. ^ Shashi (2011), p. 29.
  8. ^ Central Commission for Backward Classes (20 October 2020). Central List of OBCs Madhya Pradesh (Report). Archived from the original on 20 October 2020.
  9. ^ Central Commission for Backward Classes (20 October 2020). Central List of OBCs Chattisgarh (Report). Archived from the original on 20 October 2020.
  10. ^ Central Commission for Backward Classes (20 October 2020). Central List of OBCs Uttar Pradesh (Report). Archived from the original on 20 October 2020.
  11. ^ Central Commission for Backward Classes (20 October 2020). Central List of OBCs Uttarakhand (Report). Archived from the original on 20 October 2020.
  12. ^ Central Commission for Backward Classes (20 October 2020). Central List of OBCs Delhi (Report). Archived from the original on 20 October 2020.
  13. ^ Shashi (2011), p. 32.

Bibliography

[edit]
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