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{{Main|Mushika Kingdom}}
{{Main|Mushika Kingdom}}


'''Kolathiri''' or '''Kolathiri Rājā''' ({{IPA|kn|koːlɐt̪ːiɾi ɾaːdʒaː|lang}}) ('''King of [[Kolathunadu|Kolathunādu]]'''<ref name="bhk">A. Shreedhara Menon (2007), ''A brief History of Kerala'', DC Books, Kottayam</ref> or '''King of [[Kannur|Cannanore]]'''<ref name="bhk" /><ref>{{cite book
'''Kolathiri''' or '''Kolathiri Rājā (King of [[Kolathunadu|Kolathunādu]])''' was the title by which the senior-most male along the matrilineal line of the [[Mushika Kingdom|Mushika]] or '''Kolathunādu Royal Family''' (Kolaswarũpam) was styled.<ref name = "Kol1">Duarte Barbosa, The Book of Duarte Barbosa: An Account of the Countries Bordering on the Indian Ocean and their Inhabitants, II, ed.M. L Dames (repr., London: Hakluyt Society, 1921)</ref><ref name = "Kol2">The Dutch in Malabar: Selection from the Records of the Madras Government, No. 13 (Madras: Printed by the Superintendent, Government Press, 1911), 143.</ref> Descended from the [[Chera dynasty|Cheras]], [[Pandyan dynasty|Pandyas]], [[Chola dynasty|Cholas]], and the [[Ay kingdom|Ay]] (subsequently known later as the [[Venad]] and much later the 'Travancore' Royal Family) originating in the [[Thiruvananthapuram]] area. The Kolathiri would have started out as a branch of the Cheras and the Ay in the period it was known as Mushika. They had their seat at Ezhimala in [[Kerala]], [[India]] and was one of the major political houses which became completely independent and prominent in Kerala, after the disappearance of the imperial Kulasekharas or Perumāl rulers of Mahodayapuram by the twelfth century AD.<ref name = "Kol29">Perumals of Kerala by M. G. S. Narayanan (Calicut: Private Circulation, 1996)</ref> The Kolathiri family and the Travancore family reciprocally adopted girl-children from each other for several centuries right into the 1990s.
| author = S. Muhammad Hussain Nainar | year=1942
The Matriarchal '''Tulu-Nepalese''' rulers including Cochin and Travancore are related Tulu invader Banapperumal<ref>{{Cite book |last=Panikkassery |first=Velayudhan |title=Keralolpathi |publisher=CURRENT BOOKS |year=2008 |isbn=81-240-1820-0 |page=1}}</ref> who invaded Kerala in 1120 AD.These dynasties are Nambudiri mixed, who migrated from Ahichatra capital of ancient Nepal but were residents of Coastal Karnataka before they invaded Kerala in 1120 AD with 350000 strong Nair army.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Panikkassery |first=Velayudhan |title=Keralolpathi |publisher=CURRENT BOOKS |year=2008 |isbn=81-240-1820-0 |page=34}}</ref> Kolathiris and Travancore kings are related to Bunt (community) and they are not of Villavar Chera descent.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ayinapalli |first=Aiyappan |title=The Personality of Kerala. |publisher=Department of Publications, University of Kerala |year=1982 |page=162}}</ref>
| title= Tuhfat-al-Mujahidin: An Historical Work in The Arabic Language | publisher=University of Madras
Cheras were Villavar Tamils, supported by Villavar, Malayar and Vanavar armies. Chera king was called Villavarkone.<ref>{{Cite book |last=ஆழ்வார் |first=குலசேகர |script-title=ta:பெருமாள் திருமொழி |year=825 |location= |page=1}}</ref><ref>{{வில்லவர்கோன் சேரன் குலசே கரன்முடி வேந்தர் சிகாமணியே பெருமாள் திருமொழி,குலசேகர ஆழ்வார்}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ramachandran |first=Puthussery |title=Kulasekhara Alvarute Perumal Thirumozhi |publisher=Sahithya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society |year=2016 |isbn=978-0000306821 |page=1}}</ref>
| url= https://archive.org/details/Tuhfat-al-MujahidinAnHistoricalWorkInTheArabicLanguage
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| author = K. V. Krishna Iyer
| title = Zamorins of Calicut: From the earliest times to AD 1806
| publisher = Norman Printing Bureau, Kozhikode
| url = https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.3379
| year = 1938}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| author = William Logan | year=1887
| title= Malabar Manual (Volume-I) | publisher=Madras Government Press
| url= https://archive.org/details/malabarmanual0000loga/mode/2up
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| author = Charles Alexander Innes | year=1908
| title= Madras District Gazetteers Malabar (Volume-I) | publisher=Madras Government Press
| url= https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.358941/mode/2up
}}</ref> in foreign accounts) was the title by which the senior-most male along the matrilineal line of the [[Mushika Kingdom|Mushika]] or '''Kolathunādu Royal Family''' (Kolaswarũpam) based in the [[North Malabar]] region was styled.<ref name = "Kol1">Duarte Barbosa, The Book of Duarte Barbosa: An Account of the Countries Bordering on the Indian Ocean and their Inhabitants, II, ed.M. L Dames (repr., London: Hakluyt Society, 1921)</ref><ref name = "Kol2">The Dutch in Malabar: Selection from the Records of the Madras Government, No. 13 (Madras: Printed by the Superintendent, Government Press, 1911), 143.</ref> It is a descendant of the [[Mushika dynasty]].


==Cultural depictions==
==Cultural depictions==
[[File:Minister Kuruppu's Arabic letter to da Gama (1524).jpg|thumb|Kolattiri Raja's minister Kuruppu's [[Arabic]] letter to [[Vasco da Gama]] (1524)|235x235px]]
[[File:Minister Kuruppu's Arabic letter to da Gama (1524).jpg|thumb|Kolattiri Raja's minister Kuruppu's [[Arabic]] letter to [[Vasco da Gama]] (1524)|235x235px]]
"Kolathiri" appears as a character in a [[Malayalam film]] titled ''[[Urumi (film)|Urumi]]''. The film was loosely based on Portuguese interference in north Kerala and the misdeeds committed by [[Vasco da Gama]], who was hailed as a hero in the west but was actually a cold-hearted tyrant to other lands of the spice route; his entry into Kerala politics and manipulating the kingpins and a young Indian who tries to kill Vasco da Gama. The movie was released on 31 March 2011.
"Kolathiri" appears as a character in a [[Malayalam film]] titled ''[[Urumi (film)|Urumi]]''. The film was loosely based on Portuguese interference in north Kerala and the misdeeds committed by [[Vasco da Gama]], who was hailed as a hero in the west but was actually a cold-hearted tyrant to other lands of the [[Spice trade|spice route]]; his entry into Kerala politics and manipulating the kingpins and a young Indian who tries to kill Vasco da Gama. The movie was released on 31 March 2011.


==References==
==References==
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{{Kannur district}}
{{Kannur district}}
{{Kasaragod district}}
{{Kasaragod district}}
{{North Malabar}}
}}
}}


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[[Category:History of Kerala]]
[[Category:History of Kerala]]
[[Category:Former monarchies of Asia]]
[[Category:Former monarchies of Asia]]
[[Category:Historical Indian regions]]
[[Category:Royal titles]]

Latest revision as of 18:07, 24 December 2024

Main article: Mushika Kingdom

Kolathiri or Kolathiri Rājā (Kannada: [koːlɐt̪ːiɾi ɾaːdʒaː]) (King of Kolathunādu[1] or King of Cannanore[1][2][3][4][5] in foreign accounts) was the title by which the senior-most male along the matrilineal line of the Mushika or Kolathunādu Royal Family (Kolaswarũpam) based in the North Malabar region was styled.[6][7] It is a descendant of the Mushika dynasty.

Cultural depictions

[edit]
Kolattiri Raja's minister Kuruppu's Arabic letter to Vasco da Gama (1524)

"Kolathiri" appears as a character in a Malayalam film titled Urumi. The film was loosely based on Portuguese interference in north Kerala and the misdeeds committed by Vasco da Gama, who was hailed as a hero in the west but was actually a cold-hearted tyrant to other lands of the spice route; his entry into Kerala politics and manipulating the kingpins and a young Indian who tries to kill Vasco da Gama. The movie was released on 31 March 2011.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b A. Shreedhara Menon (2007), A brief History of Kerala, DC Books, Kottayam
  2. ^ S. Muhammad Hussain Nainar (1942). Tuhfat-al-Mujahidin: An Historical Work in The Arabic Language. University of Madras.
  3. ^ K. V. Krishna Iyer (1938). Zamorins of Calicut: From the earliest times to AD 1806. Norman Printing Bureau, Kozhikode.
  4. ^ William Logan (1887). Malabar Manual (Volume-I). Madras Government Press.
  5. ^ Charles Alexander Innes (1908). Madras District Gazetteers Malabar (Volume-I). Madras Government Press.
  6. ^ Duarte Barbosa, The Book of Duarte Barbosa: An Account of the Countries Bordering on the Indian Ocean and their Inhabitants, II, ed.M. L Dames (repr., London: Hakluyt Society, 1921)
  7. ^ The Dutch in Malabar: Selection from the Records of the Madras Government, No. 13 (Madras: Printed by the Superintendent, Government Press, 1911), 143.
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