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{{Main|Mushika Kingdom}}
{{Main|Mushika Kingdom}}


'''Kolathiri''' or '''Kolathiri Rājā''' ('''King of [[Kolathunadu|Kolathunādu]]'''<ref name="bhk">A. Shreedhara Menon (2007), ''A brief History of Kerala'', DC Books, Kottayam</ref> or '''King of [[Kannur|Cannanore]]'''<ref name="bhk" /><ref>{{cite book
'''Kolathiri''' or '''Kolathiri Rājā''' ({{IPA|kn|koːlɐt̪ːiɾi ɾaːdʒaː|lang}}) ('''King of [[Kolathunadu|Kolathunādu]]'''<ref name="bhk">A. Shreedhara Menon (2007), ''A brief History of Kerala'', DC Books, Kottayam</ref> or '''King of [[Kannur|Cannanore]]'''<ref name="bhk" /><ref>{{cite book
| author = S. Muhammad Hussain Nainar | year=1942
| author = S. Muhammad Hussain Nainar | year=1942
| title= Tuhfat-al-Mujahidin: An Historical Work in The Arabic Language | publisher=University of Madras
| title= Tuhfat-al-Mujahidin: An Historical Work in The Arabic Language | publisher=University of Madras
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| title= Madras District Gazetteers Malabar (Volume-I) | publisher=Madras Government Press
| title= Madras District Gazetteers Malabar (Volume-I) | publisher=Madras Government Press
| url= https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.358941/mode/2up
| url= https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.358941/mode/2up
}}</ref> in foreign accounts) was the title by which the senior-most male along the matrilineal line of the [[Mushika Kingdom|Mushika]] or '''Kolathunādu Royal Family''' (Kolaswarũpam) based at [[North Malabar]] region was styled.<ref name = "Kol1">Duarte Barbosa, The Book of Duarte Barbosa: An Account of the Countries Bordering on the Indian Ocean and their Inhabitants, II, ed.M. L Dames (repr., London: Hakluyt Society, 1921)</ref><ref name = "Kol2">The Dutch in Malabar: Selection from the Records of the Madras Government, No. 13 (Madras: Printed by the Superintendent, Government Press, 1911), 143.</ref> Descended from the [[Chera dynasty|Cheras]], [[Pandyan dynasty|Pandyas]], [[Chola dynasty|Cholas]], and the [[Ay kingdom|Ay]]. The Indian anthropologist [[A. Aiyappan|Ayinapalli Aiyappan]] states that a powerful and warlike clan of the [[Bunt (community)|Nair community]] of [[Tulu Nadu]] was called ''Kola Bari'' and the Kolathiri Raja of Kolathunadu was a descendant of this clan.<ref name="Aiyappan">{{cite book |last1=Ayinapalli |first1=Aiyappan |title=The Personality of Kerala |date=1982 |publisher=Department of Publications, [[University of Kerala]] |page=162 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SXFuAAAAMAAJ |access-date=27 July 2018 |quote=A very powerful and warlike section of the Bants of Tulunad was known as Kola bari. It is reasonable to suggest that the Kola dynasty was part of the Kola lineages of Tulunad.}}</ref> The Kolathiri family and the Travancore family reciprocally adopted girl-children from each other for several centuries right into the 1990s.
}}</ref> in foreign accounts) was the title by which the senior-most male along the matrilineal line of the [[Mushika Kingdom|Mushika]] or '''Kolathunādu Royal Family''' (Kolaswarũpam) based in the [[North Malabar]] region was styled.<ref name = "Kol1">Duarte Barbosa, The Book of Duarte Barbosa: An Account of the Countries Bordering on the Indian Ocean and their Inhabitants, II, ed.M. L Dames (repr., London: Hakluyt Society, 1921)</ref><ref name = "Kol2">The Dutch in Malabar: Selection from the Records of the Madras Government, No. 13 (Madras: Printed by the Superintendent, Government Press, 1911), 143.</ref> It is a descendant of the [[Mushika dynasty]].


==Cultural depictions==
==Cultural depictions==
[[File:Minister Kuruppu's Arabic letter to da Gama (1524).jpg|thumb|Kolattiri Raja's minister Kuruppu's [[Arabic]] letter to [[Vasco da Gama]] (1524)|235x235px]]
[[File:Minister Kuruppu's Arabic letter to da Gama (1524).jpg|thumb|Kolattiri Raja's minister Kuruppu's [[Arabic]] letter to [[Vasco da Gama]] (1524)|235x235px]]
"Kolathiri" appears as a character in a [[Malayalam film]] titled ''[[Urumi (film)|Urumi]]''. The film was loosely based on Portuguese interference in north Kerala and the misdeeds committed by [[Vasco da Gama]], who was hailed as a hero in the west but was actually a cold-hearted tyrant to other lands of the spice route; his entry into Kerala politics and manipulating the kingpins and a young Indian who tries to kill Vasco da Gama. The movie was released on 31 March 2011.
"Kolathiri" appears as a character in a [[Malayalam film]] titled ''[[Urumi (film)|Urumi]]''. The film was loosely based on Portuguese interference in north Kerala and the misdeeds committed by [[Vasco da Gama]], who was hailed as a hero in the west but was actually a cold-hearted tyrant to other lands of the [[Spice trade|spice route]]; his entry into Kerala politics and manipulating the kingpins and a young Indian who tries to kill Vasco da Gama. The movie was released on 31 March 2011.


==References==
==References==
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{{Kannur district}}
{{Kannur district}}
{{Kasaragod district}}
{{Kasaragod district}}
{{North Malabar}}
}}
}}


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[[Category:History of Kerala]]
[[Category:History of Kerala]]
[[Category:Former monarchies of Asia]]
[[Category:Former monarchies of Asia]]
[[Category:Historical Indian regions]]
[[Category:Royal titles]]

Latest revision as of 18:07, 24 December 2024

Main article: Mushika Kingdom

Kolathiri or Kolathiri Rājā (Kannada: [koːlɐt̪ːiɾi ɾaːdʒaː]) (King of Kolathunādu[1] or King of Cannanore[1][2][3][4][5] in foreign accounts) was the title by which the senior-most male along the matrilineal line of the Mushika or Kolathunādu Royal Family (Kolaswarũpam) based in the North Malabar region was styled.[6][7] It is a descendant of the Mushika dynasty.

Cultural depictions

[edit]
Kolattiri Raja's minister Kuruppu's Arabic letter to Vasco da Gama (1524)

"Kolathiri" appears as a character in a Malayalam film titled Urumi. The film was loosely based on Portuguese interference in north Kerala and the misdeeds committed by Vasco da Gama, who was hailed as a hero in the west but was actually a cold-hearted tyrant to other lands of the spice route; his entry into Kerala politics and manipulating the kingpins and a young Indian who tries to kill Vasco da Gama. The movie was released on 31 March 2011.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b A. Shreedhara Menon (2007), A brief History of Kerala, DC Books, Kottayam
  2. ^ S. Muhammad Hussain Nainar (1942). Tuhfat-al-Mujahidin: An Historical Work in The Arabic Language. University of Madras.
  3. ^ K. V. Krishna Iyer (1938). Zamorins of Calicut: From the earliest times to AD 1806. Norman Printing Bureau, Kozhikode.
  4. ^ William Logan (1887). Malabar Manual (Volume-I). Madras Government Press.
  5. ^ Charles Alexander Innes (1908). Madras District Gazetteers Malabar (Volume-I). Madras Government Press.
  6. ^ Duarte Barbosa, The Book of Duarte Barbosa: An Account of the Countries Bordering on the Indian Ocean and their Inhabitants, II, ed.M. L Dames (repr., London: Hakluyt Society, 1921)
  7. ^ The Dutch in Malabar: Selection from the Records of the Madras Government, No. 13 (Madras: Printed by the Superintendent, Government Press, 1911), 143.
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