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{{short description|American journalist}}
[[File:George W. Kendall.jpg|thumb|George W. Kendall (1809-1867) Creator of the humorous column and first war correspondent.]]
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| name =George Wilkins Kendall
| name = George Wilkins Kendall
| image =
| image =
| alt =
| alt =
| caption =
| caption =
| birth_name = George Wilkins Kendall
| birth_name = George Wilkins Kendall
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1809|08|22}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1809|08|22}}
| birth_place = [[Mont Vernon, New Hampshire]]
| birth_place = [[Mont Vernon, New Hampshire]], US
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1867|10|21|1809|08|22}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1867|10|21|1809|08|22}}
| death_place = [[Boerne, Texas]]
| death_place = [[Boerne, Texas]], US
| resting_place = Boerne Cemetery
| death_cause =[[Pneumonia]]
| resting_place = Boerne Cemetery
| monuments =
| monuments =
| nationality =
| residence =
| other_names =
| nationality =
| education =
⚫
| known_for = [[War correspondent]]<br/>Pioneer Texas sheep ranching
| other_names =
| education =
| occupation =
| spouse = Adeline Suzanne de Valcourt
⚫
| known_for =[[War correspondent]]<br/>Pioneer Texas sheep ranching
| children = Four
| religion=[[Puritan]]
| occupation =
| parents =
| spouse =Adeline Suzanne de Valcourt
| mother = Abigail Wilkins Kendall
| children = Four
| father = Thaddeus Kendall
| parents =
| relatives = John Hubbard Wilkins (uncle)
}}
}}
'''George Wilkins Kendall''' (1809–1867) was a journalist, war correspondent, and pioneer Texas sheepman, known as the father of the Texas sheep business. [[Kendall County, Texas]] is named for him. Kendall was given a [[Recorded Texas Historic Landmark]] in 1989, Marker number 2169.<ref>{{cite web|title=George Wilkins Kendall – Boerne, Kendall County, Texas|url=http://www.9key.com/markers/marker_detail.asp?atlas_number=5259002169|work=Recorded Texas Historic Landmark|publisher=William Nienke, Sam Morrow|accessdate=15 February 2011}}</ref>
'''George Wilkins Kendall''' (1809–1867) was a journalist, war correspondent, and pioneer Texas sheepman, known as the father of the Texas sheep business. [[Kendall County, Texas]] is named for him. In 1837, Kendall and Francis Lumsden established ''[[The New Orleans Picayune]]'' newspaper. By 1838, the paper had extended its coverage to the Republic of Texas. Kendall was given a [[Recorded Texas Historic Landmark]] in 1989, Marker number 2169, as a gravestone.<ref>{{cite web|title=George Wilkins Kendall – Boerne, Kendall County, Texas |url=http://www.9key.com/markers/marker_detail.asp?atlas_number=5259002169 |work=Recorded Texas Historic Landmark |publisher=William Nienke, Sam Morrow |accessdate=15 February 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707072008/http://www.9key.com/markers/marker_detail.asp?atlas_number=5259002169 |archivedate=7 July 2011 }}</ref> During the Civil War, Kendall produced wool for Confederate uniforms and blankets.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=47507 | title=George Wilkins Kendall Historical Marker }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://atlas.thc.state.tx.us/Details/5259000598 | title=Details - C.S.A. Home Front Producer George Wilkins Kendall - Atlas Number 5259000598 - Atlas: Texas Historical Commission }}</ref>


==Early years==
==Early years==


George Wilkins Kendall was born on August 22, 1809, [[Mont Vernon, New Hampshire]] to [[Puritan]] parents, Captain Thaddeus Kendall and his wife Abigail Wilkins Kendall. His immediate family drifted from one location to another. George eventually went to [[Amherst, New Hampshire]] to live with his grandfather Samuel Wilkins.<ref name="HbT George Wilkins Kendall">{{cite web|last=Cutrer|first=Thomas W|title=George Wilkins Kendall|url=http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fke19|work=Handbook of Texas Online|publisher=Texas State Historical Association|accessdate=30 January 2011}}</ref>
George Wilkins Kendall was born on August 22, 1809, [[Mont Vernon, New Hampshire]], to [[Puritan]] parents, Captain Thaddeus Kendall and his wife Abigail Wilkins Kendall. His immediate family drifted from one location to another. George eventually went to [[Amherst, New Hampshire]], to live with his grandfather Samuel Wilkins.<ref name="HbT George Wilkins Kendall">{{cite web|last=Cutrer|first=Thomas W|title=George Wilkins Kendall|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fke19|work=Handbook of Texas Online|publisher=Texas State Historical Association|accessdate=30 January 2011}}</ref>


==Career==
==Career==
Line 33: Line 35:
===Journalism===
===Journalism===


Kendall learned printing as a youth at [[Burlington, Vermont]]. He began earning his own living at age 14, working in Washington, D.C. and in New York City for [[Horace Greeley]]. In 1825, Kendall apprenticed at the ''Amherst Herald'', and in 1832 he wrote for the ''Mobile Alabama Register''. In 1837, Kendall and Francis Lumsden established the ''[[New Orleans Picayune]]'', which initially sold for 6 1/4 cent Spanish coin. By 1838, the paper had extended its coverage to the [[Republic of Texas]]. Kendall and Lumsden began a pony express to link the paper to other newspapers in the East.<ref>{{cite journal|last=McLeary|first=Paul|title=The Times-Picayune: How They Did It|journal=Columbia Journalism Review|date=12 September 2005|publisher=Columbia Journalism Review}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=History of the town of Mont Vernon, New Hampshire|orig-year=First printed in 1907|year=2010|publisher=Nabu Press|isbn=978-1-178-24278-2}}</ref>
Kendall learned printing as a youth at [[Burlington, Vermont]]. He began earning his own living at age 14, working in Washington, D.C., and in New York City for [[Horace Greeley]]. In 1825, Kendall apprenticed at the ''Amherst Herald'', and in 1832 he wrote for the ''[[Mobile Register|Mobile Alabama Register]]''. In 1837, Kendall and Francis Lumsden established ''[[The Times-Picayune|The New Orleans Picayune]]'', which initially sold for the [[picayune|6 1/4 cent Spanish coin]]. By 1838, the paper had extended its coverage to the [[Republic of Texas]]. Kendall and Lumsden began a [[pony express]] to link the paper to other newspapers in the East.<ref>{{cite journal|last=McLeary|first=Paul|title=The Times-Picayune: How They Did It|journal=Columbia Journalism Review|date=12 September 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=History of the town of Mont Vernon, New Hampshire|orig-year=First printed in 1907|year=2010|publisher=Nabu Press|isbn=978-1-178-24278-2}}</ref>


===Soldier and war correspondent===
===Soldier and war correspondent===
⚫
Kendall traveled to the [[Republic of Texas]] in 1841 and joined the [[Texan Santa Fe Expedition]], which had been initiated by the republic's President [[Mirabeau B. Lamar]] in order to gain control over the [[Santa Fe Trail]] and to secure Texas claims to New Mexico.<ref>{{cite web |title=Santa Fe Expedition |publisher=Lone Star Junction|year=1998 |url=http://www.lsjunction.com/events/santafe.htm|accessdate=30 January 2011}}</ref> The expedition turned to disaster, and near present-day [[Tucumcari, New Mexico]], the men surrendered to the Mexican military. The prisoners were marched 2,000 miles to Mexico City and confined in a [[leper]] colony, with Kendall suffering [[smallpox]].<ref name="Home Front Heroes: a Biographical Dictionary of Americans During Wartime">{{cite book|last=Shearer|first=Benjamin F|title=Home Front Heroes: a Biographical Dictionary of Americans During Wartime|year=2007| publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=978-0-313-33423-8|pages=468, 469}}</ref> Kendall posted detailed letters during his imprisonment, twenty-three of which were subsequently published in ''The Picayune'' over a period of a year. Kendall was released in 1842, as a result of intervention by influential friends. In 1844, he published a 900-page book, ''Narrative of an Expedition Across the Great Southwestern Prairies, from Texas to Santa Fé'', which sold 40,000 copies over eight years.<ref name="HbT George Wilkins Kendall" /><ref>{{cite book|last=Heritage Auctions Inc|title=Heritage Texana and Western Americana #6046|year=2010|publisher=Heritage Auctions Inc|isbn=978-1-59967-489-6}}</ref>


⚫
The ''New Orleans Picayune'' began to advocate for westward expansion, annexation of Texas, and war with Mexico. In 1846, Kendall enlisted in the [[Texas Ranger Division|Texas Rangers]] under [[Benjamin McCulloch|Captain Benjamin McCulloch]], which fought under [[Zachary Taylor|General Zachary Taylor]] at the [[Rio Grande]]. He had coordinated a series of couriers and [[steamboat]]s to carry his reports back to the newspaper.<ref name="Home Front Heroes: a Biographical Dictionary of Americans During Wartime" /> Kendall saw action at the [[Battle of Monterrey]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Dishman|first=Chris|title=Street Fight at Monterrey|journal=Military Heritage Magazine|date=August 2009}}</ref> becoming a [[war correspondent]]. As a correspondent, he traveled with [[William Jenkins Worth|General William Jenkins Worth]] and documented the [[Veracruz (city)|Veracruz]] landing of [[Winfield Scott|General Winfield Scott]]. Kendall sustained a knee wound in the [[Battle of Chapultepec]]. By the end of the 1846–1848 [[Mexican–American War]], Kendall had filed 214 reports. He became the best-known correspondent of that war.<ref name="Home Front Heroes: a Biographical Dictionary of Americans During Wartime" /><ref>{{cite book|last=Bullard|first=Frederic Lauriston|title=Famous War Correspondents|orig-year=First printed in 1914|year=2010|publisher=Nabu Press|isbn=978-1-171-78638-2|pages=351–409}}</ref> His dispatches have been collected and republished in a modern, scholarly edition.<ref>George Wilkins Kendall, ''Dispatches from the Mexican War'', edited by Lawrence Delbert Cress. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press 1999.</ref>
⚫
Kendall traveled to Texas in 1841 and joined the [[Texan Santa Fe Expedition]] that had been initiated by [[Mirabeau B. Lamar|Republic of Texas President Mirabeau B. Lamar]] to gain control over the [[Santa Fe Trail]] and to secure Texas claims to New Mexico.<ref>{{cite web | title = Santa Fe Expedition | publisher = Lone Star Junction| year = 1998 | url = http://www.lsjunction.com/events/santafe.htm| accessdate = 30 January 2011}}</ref> The expedition turned to disaster, and near [[Tucumcari, New Mexico]], the expedition surrendered to the Mexican military. The prisoners were marched 2,000 miles to Mexico City and imprisoned in a [[leper]] colony, with Kendall suffering smallpox.<ref name="Home Front Heroes: a Biographical Dictionary of Americans During Wartime">{{cite book|last=Shearer|first=Benjamin F|title=Home Front Heroes: a Biographical Dictionary of Americans During Wartime|year=2007| publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=978-0-313-33423-8|pages=468, 469}}</ref> Kendall posted detailed letters from his imprisonment, twenty-three of which were subsequently published in the ''New Orleans Picayune'' over a period of a year. Kendall was released 1842 as a result of intervention by influential friends. In 1844, he published a 900-page book, ''Narrative of an Expedition Across the Great Southwestern Prairies, from Texas to Santa Fé'' that sold 40,000 copies over eight years.<ref name="HbT George Wilkins Kendall"/><ref>{{cite book|last=Heritage Auctions Inc|title=Heritage Texana and Western Americana #6046|year=2010|publisher=Heritage Auctions Inc|isbn=978-1-59967-489-6}}</ref>


⚫
After the war Kendall took a European [[sabbatical]] for several years, where he met his wife and finished his 1851 book ''The War between the United States and Mexico''.<ref name="HbT George Wilkins Kendall" /><ref name="Home Front Heroes: a Biographical Dictionary of Americans During Wartime" />
⚫
The ''New Orleans Picayune'' began to advocate for westward expansion, annexation of Texas, and war with Mexico. In 1846, Kendall enlisted in the [[Texas Ranger Division|Texas Rangers]] under [[Benjamin McCulloch|Captain Benjamin McCulloch]], which fought under [[Zachary Taylor|General Zachary Taylor]] at the [[Rio Grande]]. He had coordinated a series of couriers and steamboats to carry his reports back to the newspaper.<ref name="Home Front Heroes: a Biographical Dictionary of Americans During Wartime"/> Kendall saw action at the [[Battle of Monterrey]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Dishman|first=Chris|title=Street Fight at Monterrey|journal=Military Heritage Magazine|date=August 2009}}</ref> becoming a [[war correspondent]]. As a correspondent, he traveled with [[William Jenkins Worth|General William Jenkins Worth]] and documented the [[Veracruz (city)|Veracruz]] landing of [[Winfield Scott|General Winfield Scott]]. Kendall sustained a knee wound in the [[Battle of Chapultepec]]. By the end of the 1846–1848 [[Mexican-American War]], Kendall had filed 214 reports. He became the best-known correspondent of that war.<ref name="Home Front Heroes: a Biographical Dictionary of Americans During Wartime"/><ref>{{cite book|last=Bullard|first=Frederic Lauriston|title=Famous War Correspondents|orig-year=First printed in 1914|year=2010|publisher=Nabu Press|isbn=978-1-171-78638-2|pages=351–409}}</ref>

⚫
After the war Kendall took a European sabbatical for several years, where he met his wife and finished his 1851 book ''The War between the United States and Mexico''.<ref name="HbT George Wilkins Kendall"/><ref name="Home Front Heroes: a Biographical Dictionary of Americans During Wartime"/>


==Sheep ranching==
==Sheep ranching==


Kendall was a pioneer in Texas sheep ranching, and is regarded as the father of the industry in Texas. In 1852, Kendall went into the Texas sheep business with three friends. They began with twenty-four Spanish [[merino]] rams and an entire flock of [[Churro (sheep)|churro]] ewes. Scottish herder Joe Tait was employed to oversee the business located on the [[Nueces River]]. By 1853,Kendall moved the flock to his Waco Springs ranch,<ref>{{cite web|last=Greene|first=Daniel P|title=Waco Springs|url=http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hvw01|work=Handbook of Texas Online|publisher=Texas State Historical Association|accessdate=30 January 2011}}</ref> four miles north of [[New Braunfels, Texas|New Braunfels]]. He then bought a pasture for the sheep in the [[Boerne, Texas|Boerne]] vicinity near Post Oak Springs. For the next three years, Kendall's sheep business endured disease, inclement weather and environmental hardships to finally begin showing a profit in 1856. Within two more years, the flock had increased to 3,500. Kendall began marketing his wool clip in [[Atlanta, Georgia]], and began large-scale operations.<ref name="HbT George Wilkins Kendall"/> Kendall submitted regular reports of the business to the ''New Orleans Picayune'', promoting the industry and praising the Texas Hill Country for what he considered its ideal sheep ranching environment. He often contributed articles on the subject to Texas publications. In 1864, he was the first to begin dipping sheep in large vats to eradicate scab disease.<ref>{{cite web|last=Carlson|first=Paul H|title=Sheep Ranching|url=http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/aus01|work=Handbook of Texas Online|publisher=Texas State Historical Association|accessdate=30 January 2011}}</ref>
Kendall was a pioneer in Texas sheep ranching, and is regarded as the father of the industry in Texas. In 1852, Kendall went into the Texas sheep business with three friends. They began with twenty-four Spanish [[merino]] rams and an entire flock of [[Churro (sheep)|churro]] ewes. Scottish herder Joe Tait was employed to oversee the business located on the [[Nueces River]]. By 1853, Kendall moved the flock to his Waco Springs ranch,<ref>{{cite web|last=Greene|first=Daniel P|title=Waco Springs|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hvw01|work=Handbook of Texas Online|publisher=Texas State Historical Association|accessdate=30 January 2011}}</ref> four miles north of [[New Braunfels, Texas|New Braunfels]]. He then bought a pasture for the sheep in the [[Boerne, Texas|Boerne]] vicinity near Post Oak Springs. For the next three years, Kendall's sheep business endured disease, inclement weather and environmental hardships to finally begin showing a profit in 1856. Within two more years, the flock had increased to 3,500. Kendall began marketing his wool clip in [[Atlanta, Georgia]], and began large-scale operations.<ref name="HbT George Wilkins Kendall"/> Kendall submitted regular reports of the business to the ''New Orleans Picayune'', promoting the industry and praising the Texas Hill Country for what he considered its ideal sheep ranching environment. He often contributed articles on the subject to Texas publications. In 1864, he was the first to begin dipping sheep in large vats to eradicate scab disease.<ref>{{cite web|last=Carlson|first=Paul H|title=Sheep Ranching|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/aus01|work=Handbook of Texas Online|publisher=Texas State Historical Association|accessdate=30 January 2011}}</ref>


==Personal life and death==
==Personal life and death==


In 1849 he married French citizen Adeline Suzanne de Valcourt<ref>{{Find a Grave|49717052|Adeline Suzanne de Valcourt Kendall}}</ref> in Paris. The couple had four children. Daughter Georgina deValcourt Kendall Fellowes<ref>{{Find a Grave|49718746|Georgina deValcourt Kendall Fellowes}}</ref> became trustee of the Kendall family records, which are housed at the [[University of Texas at Arlington]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Kendall Family Papers 1789–1949, bulk 1846–1946|url=http://libraries.uta.edu/SpecColl/findaids/AR376.html|publisher=The University of Texas at Arlington Libraries|accessdate=30 January 2011}}</ref>
In 1849 he married French citizen Adeline Suzanne de Valcourt in Paris. The couple had four children. Daughter Georgina deValcourt Kendall Fellowes became trustee of the Kendall family records, which are housed at the [[University of Texas at Arlington]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Kendall Family Papers 1789–1949, bulk 1846–1946 |url=http://libraries.uta.edu/SpecColl/findaids/AR376.html |publisher=The University of Texas at Arlington Libraries |accessdate=30 January 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110131101605/http://libraries.uta.edu/SpecColl/findaids/AR376.html |archivedate=31 January 2011 }}</ref>


George Wilkins Kendall died of pneumonia<ref>{{cite web|last=Coppedge|first=Clay|title=Escapes-George Kendall|url=http://www.texasescapes.com/ClayCoppedge/George-Kendall.htm|work=Texas Escapes|publisher=Texas Escapes – Blueprints For Travel, LLC|accessdate=30 January 2011}}</ref> in the Texas county that bore his name, on October 21, 1867, and is buried at the Boerne Cemetery.<ref>{{Find a Grave|46244090|George Wilkins Kendall}}</ref>
George Wilkins Kendall died of pneumonia<ref>{{cite web|last=Coppedge|first=Clay|title=Escapes-George Kendall|url=http://www.texasescapes.com/ClayCoppedge/George-Kendall.htm|work=Texas Escapes|publisher=Texas Escapes – Blueprints For Travel, LLC|accessdate=30 January 2011}}</ref> in the Texas county that bore his name, on October 21, 1867, and is buried at the Boerne Cemetery.


==Bibliography==
== Bibliography ==


*{{cite book|last=Kendall|first=George Wilkins|title=Narrative of an Expedition Across the Great Southwestern Prairies, from Texas to Santa Fé|orig-year=First printed in 1845|year=2010|publisher=Nabu Press|isbn=978-1-148-06055-2}}
*{{cite book|last=Kendall|first=George Wilkins|title=Narrative of an Expedition Across the Great Southwestern Prairies, from Texas to Santa Fé|orig-year=First printed in 1845|year=2010|publisher=Nabu Press|isbn=978-1-148-06055-2|oclc= 61972787}}
*{{cite book | title=The War between the United States and Mexico illustrated, : embracing pictorial drawings of all the principal conflicts by C. Nebel ... With a description of each battle, by George Wilkins Kendall | author=Kendall, George Wilkins | year=1851 | location=New York | oclc=77963615 |author2=Nebel, Carl }}
*{{cite book | title=The War between the United States and Mexico illustrated, : embracing pictorial drawings of all the principal conflicts by C. Nebel ... With a description of each battle, by George Wilkins Kendall | author=Kendall, George Wilkins | year=1851 | location=New York | oclc=77963615 |author2=Nebel, Carl }}
*{{cite book |last1=Kendall |first1=George Wilkins |last2=Cress |first2=Delbert Lawrence |title=Dispatches from the Mexican War |date=1999 |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |isbn=978-0-8061-3121-4|oclc=651480927}}
*{{cite book|last=Randall L.L.D.|first=Henry Stephens|title=Sheep Husbandry: With an Account of Different Breeds|year=1865|publisher=Orange Judd|author2=Kendall, George Wilkins }}
*{{cite book|last=Kendall|first=George Wilkins|title=Narrative of the Texan Santa Fé Expedition|year=1884|publisher=Wiley & Putnam}}
*{{cite book|last=Randall L.L.D.|first=Henry Stephens|title=Sheep Husbandry: With an Account of Different Breeds|url=https://archive.org/details/sheephusbandrywi02rand|year=1865|publisher=Orange Judd|author2=Kendall, George Wilkins|oclc= 310367102}}
*{{cite book|last=Kendall|first=George Wilkins|title=Narrative of the Texan Santa Fé Expedition|year=1884|publisher=Wiley & Putnam|oclc= 561051363}}


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Further reading==
* Copeland, Fayette. ''Kendall of the Picayune'' (1943, reprint 1997)
** [https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=8893&context=gradschool_disstheses PhD dissertation version]


== External links ==
== External links ==
{{wikiquote|Narrative of the Texan Santa Fé Expedition}}
{{wikiquote|Narrative of the Texan Santa Fé Expedition}}
* {{TARO|utarl|00184|Kendall Family Papers}}

{{Authority control}}


{{Persondata
| NAME = Kendall, George Wilkins
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Journalist, pioneer Texas sheepman
| DATE OF BIRTH = August 22, 1809
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Mont Vernon, New Hampshire]]
| DATE OF DEATH = October 21, 1867
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Kendall County, Texas]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kendall, George Wilkins}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kendall, George Wilkins}}
[[Category:1809 births]]
[[Category:1809 births]]
[[Category:1867 deaths]]
[[Category:1867 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Mont Vernon, New Hampshire]]
[[Category:People from Mont Vernon, New Hampshire]]
[[Category:American people of English descent]]
[[Category:Immigrants to the Republic of Texas]]
[[Category:Immigrants to the Republic of Texas]]
[[Category:American war correspondents]]
[[Category:American war correspondents]]
[[Category:Kendall County, Texas]]
[[Category:Kendall County, Texas]]
[[Category:Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks]]
[[Category:19th-century American journalists]]
[[Category:19th-century journalists]]
[[Category:American male journalists]]
[[Category:19th-century American male writers]]
[[Category:People from New Braunfels, Texas]]
[[Category:People from Boerne, Texas]]

Latest revision as of 18:48, 24 December 2024

George W. Kendall (1809-1867) Creator of the humorous column and first war correspondent.
George Wilkins Kendall
Born
George Wilkins Kendall

(1809-08-22)August 22, 1809
Mont Vernon, New Hampshire, US
DiedOctober 21, 1867(1867-10-21) (aged 58)
Boerne, Texas, US
Resting placeBoerne Cemetery
Known forWar correspondent
Pioneer Texas sheep ranching
SpouseAdeline Suzanne de Valcourt
ChildrenFour
Parents
  • Thaddeus Kendall (father)
  • Abigail Wilkins Kendall (mother)
RelativesJohn Hubbard Wilkins (uncle)

George Wilkins Kendall (1809–1867) was a journalist, war correspondent, and pioneer Texas sheepman, known as the father of the Texas sheep business. Kendall County, Texas is named for him. In 1837, Kendall and Francis Lumsden established The New Orleans Picayune newspaper. By 1838, the paper had extended its coverage to the Republic of Texas. Kendall was given a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1989, Marker number 2169, as a gravestone.[1] During the Civil War, Kendall produced wool for Confederate uniforms and blankets.[2][3]

Early years

[edit]

George Wilkins Kendall was born on August 22, 1809, Mont Vernon, New Hampshire, to Puritan parents, Captain Thaddeus Kendall and his wife Abigail Wilkins Kendall. His immediate family drifted from one location to another. George eventually went to Amherst, New Hampshire, to live with his grandfather Samuel Wilkins.[4]

Career

[edit]

Journalism

[edit]

Kendall learned printing as a youth at Burlington, Vermont. He began earning his own living at age 14, working in Washington, D.C., and in New York City for Horace Greeley. In 1825, Kendall apprenticed at the Amherst Herald, and in 1832 he wrote for the Mobile Alabama Register. In 1837, Kendall and Francis Lumsden established The New Orleans Picayune, which initially sold for the 6 1/4 cent Spanish coin. By 1838, the paper had extended its coverage to the Republic of Texas. Kendall and Lumsden began a pony express to link the paper to other newspapers in the East.[5][6]

Soldier and war correspondent

[edit]

Kendall traveled to the Republic of Texas in 1841 and joined the Texan Santa Fe Expedition, which had been initiated by the republic's President Mirabeau B. Lamar in order to gain control over the Santa Fe Trail and to secure Texas claims to New Mexico.[7] The expedition turned to disaster, and near present-day Tucumcari, New Mexico, the men surrendered to the Mexican military. The prisoners were marched 2,000 miles to Mexico City and confined in a leper colony, with Kendall suffering smallpox.[8] Kendall posted detailed letters during his imprisonment, twenty-three of which were subsequently published in The Picayune over a period of a year. Kendall was released in 1842, as a result of intervention by influential friends. In 1844, he published a 900-page book, Narrative of an Expedition Across the Great Southwestern Prairies, from Texas to Santa Fé, which sold 40,000 copies over eight years.[4][9]

The New Orleans Picayune began to advocate for westward expansion, annexation of Texas, and war with Mexico. In 1846, Kendall enlisted in the Texas Rangers under Captain Benjamin McCulloch, which fought under General Zachary Taylor at the Rio Grande. He had coordinated a series of couriers and steamboats to carry his reports back to the newspaper.[8] Kendall saw action at the Battle of Monterrey,[10] becoming a war correspondent. As a correspondent, he traveled with General William Jenkins Worth and documented the Veracruz landing of General Winfield Scott. Kendall sustained a knee wound in the Battle of Chapultepec. By the end of the 1846–1848 Mexican–American War, Kendall had filed 214 reports. He became the best-known correspondent of that war.[8][11] His dispatches have been collected and republished in a modern, scholarly edition.[12]

After the war Kendall took a European sabbatical for several years, where he met his wife and finished his 1851 book The War between the United States and Mexico.[4][8]

Sheep ranching

[edit]

Kendall was a pioneer in Texas sheep ranching, and is regarded as the father of the industry in Texas. In 1852, Kendall went into the Texas sheep business with three friends. They began with twenty-four Spanish merino rams and an entire flock of churro ewes. Scottish herder Joe Tait was employed to oversee the business located on the Nueces River. By 1853, Kendall moved the flock to his Waco Springs ranch,[13] four miles north of New Braunfels. He then bought a pasture for the sheep in the Boerne vicinity near Post Oak Springs. For the next three years, Kendall's sheep business endured disease, inclement weather and environmental hardships to finally begin showing a profit in 1856. Within two more years, the flock had increased to 3,500. Kendall began marketing his wool clip in Atlanta, Georgia, and began large-scale operations.[4] Kendall submitted regular reports of the business to the New Orleans Picayune, promoting the industry and praising the Texas Hill Country for what he considered its ideal sheep ranching environment. He often contributed articles on the subject to Texas publications. In 1864, he was the first to begin dipping sheep in large vats to eradicate scab disease.[14]

Personal life and death

[edit]

In 1849 he married French citizen Adeline Suzanne de Valcourt in Paris. The couple had four children. Daughter Georgina deValcourt Kendall Fellowes became trustee of the Kendall family records, which are housed at the University of Texas at Arlington.[15]

George Wilkins Kendall died of pneumonia[16] in the Texas county that bore his name, on October 21, 1867, and is buried at the Boerne Cemetery.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Kendall, George Wilkins (2010) [First printed in 1845]. Narrative of an Expedition Across the Great Southwestern Prairies, from Texas to Santa Fé. Nabu Press. ISBN 978-1-148-06055-2. OCLC 61972787.
  • Kendall, George Wilkins; Nebel, Carl (1851). The War between the United States and Mexico illustrated, : embracing pictorial drawings of all the principal conflicts by C. Nebel ... With a description of each battle, by George Wilkins Kendall. New York. OCLC 77963615.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Kendall, George Wilkins; Cress, Delbert Lawrence (1999). Dispatches from the Mexican War. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-3121-4. OCLC 651480927.
  • Randall L.L.D., Henry Stephens; Kendall, George Wilkins (1865). Sheep Husbandry: With an Account of Different Breeds. Orange Judd. OCLC 310367102.
  • Kendall, George Wilkins (1884). Narrative of the Texan Santa Fé Expedition. Wiley & Putnam. OCLC 561051363.

References

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  1. ^ "George Wilkins Kendall – Boerne, Kendall County, Texas". Recorded Texas Historic Landmark. William Nienke, Sam Morrow. Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 15 February 2011.
  2. ^ "George Wilkins Kendall Historical Marker".
  3. ^ "Details - C.S.A. Home Front Producer George Wilkins Kendall - Atlas Number 5259000598 - Atlas: Texas Historical Commission".
  4. ^ a b c d Cutrer, Thomas W. "George Wilkins Kendall". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  5. ^ McLeary, Paul (12 September 2005). "The Times-Picayune: How They Did It". Columbia Journalism Review.
  6. ^ History of the town of Mont Vernon, New Hampshire. Nabu Press. 2010 [First printed in 1907]. ISBN 978-1-178-24278-2.
  7. ^ "Santa Fe Expedition". Lone Star Junction. 1998. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  8. ^ a b c d Shearer, Benjamin F (2007). Home Front Heroes: a Biographical Dictionary of Americans During Wartime. Greenwood Press. pp. 468, 469. ISBN 978-0-313-33423-8.
  9. ^ Heritage Auctions Inc (2010). Heritage Texana and Western Americana #6046. Heritage Auctions Inc. ISBN 978-1-59967-489-6.
  10. ^ Dishman, Chris (August 2009). "Street Fight at Monterrey". Military Heritage Magazine.
  11. ^ Bullard, Frederic Lauriston (2010) [First printed in 1914]. Famous War Correspondents. Nabu Press. pp. 351–409. ISBN 978-1-171-78638-2.
  12. ^ George Wilkins Kendall, Dispatches from the Mexican War, edited by Lawrence Delbert Cress. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press 1999.
  13. ^ Greene, Daniel P. "Waco Springs". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  14. ^ Carlson, Paul H. "Sheep Ranching". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  15. ^ "Kendall Family Papers 1789–1949, bulk 1846–1946". The University of Texas at Arlington Libraries. Archived from the original on 31 January 2011. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
  16. ^ Coppedge, Clay. "Escapes-George Kendall". Texas Escapes. Texas Escapes – Blueprints For Travel, LLC. Retrieved 30 January 2011.

Further reading

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