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Coordinates: 9°46′N 63°10′W / 9.767°N 63.167°W / 9.767; -63.167
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{{Short description|1974 aviation accident}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}{{One source|date=November 2016}}
⚫
| Date = 22 December, 1974
{{Infobox aircraft occurrence
| Cause of crash summary = Elevator detachment in flight
| image = 154bb - AVENSA DC-9-51; YV-820C@CCS;15.10.2001 (4794140070).jpg
| Aircraft type = Douglas DC-9-14
| alt =
| Aircraft registration = YV-C-AVM
| caption = An AVENSA DC-9, similar to the aircraft involved in the accident
| Operator: Avensa
⚫
| date = 22 December 1974
| Aircraft serial number: 47056
| summary = Loss of control for undetermined reasons
⚫
| Departure: Jose Tadeo Monagas International Airport, Maturin (Venezuela)
| Destination: Simón Bolívar International Airport, Maiquetia (Venezuela)
| site = Near [[José Tadeo Monagas International Airport|Maturín Airport]], [[Maturín]], Venezuela
| coordinates = {{coord|9|46|N|63|10|W|type:event|display=inline,title}}
| Crew = 6
| occurrence_type = Accident
| Fatalities = 72
| aircraft_type = [[McDonnell Douglas DC-9|McDonnell Douglas DC-9-14]]
| Survivors = 0
| aircraft_name =

| operator = [[AVENSA]]

| tail_number = [http://www.airliners.net/search/photo.search?regsearch=YV-C-AVM&distinct_entry=true YV-C-AVM]

⚫
| origin = [[José Tadeo Monagas International Airport|Maturín Airport]], Venezuela
Flight 358 of Avensa was a flight covering the route Maturín - Maiquetía of a plane Douglas DC-9-14 that crashed into a flat, unpopulated area in 1974, swampy, and with dense vegetation with trees of 20 to 30 meters high called Plantación de San Luis, near the city of Maturín, killing 72 people on board, 66 passengers and 6 crew. The cause of the accident was the loss of commands due to the detachment of an elevator from the DC-9 aircraft’s T-tail during the aircraft's climbing phase. The elevator was repaired and poorly adjusted in maintenance four days before the accident
| stopover =
| stopover0 =
| last_stopover =
| destination = [[Simón Bolívar International Airport (Venezuela)|Simón Bolívar International Airport]], Venezuela
| passengers = 69
| crew = 6
| fatalities = 75
| injuries =
| missing =
| survivors = 0
}}
'''Avensa Flight 358''' was a scheduled airline flight from [[Maturín Airport]] to [[Simón Bolívar International Airport (Venezuela)|Simón Bolívar International Airport]] in Venezuela that crashed on 22 December 1974 killing all 75 people on board.


== Aircraft ==
== Aircraft ==
The aircraft involved was a seven-year-old Douglas DC-9-14, which had been delivered to Avensa from Douglas Aircraft Corporation in 1967.
The aircraft involved was a seven-year-old [[McDonnell Douglas DC-9|DC-9-14]], which had been delivered to Avensa from [[McDonnell Douglas]] in 1967.<ref>{{Cite web|title=YV-C-AVM AVENSA McDonnell Douglas DC-9-10|url=https://www.planespotters.net/airframe/mcdonnell-douglas-dc-9-10-yv-c-avm-avensa/ekjzlj|access-date=2020-09-09|website=www.planespotters.net|language=en}}</ref>


== Accident ==
== Accident ==
On 22 December 1974, the [[McDonnell Douglas DC-9]], with 69 passengers and 6 crew on board, took off on runway 05 from Maturín Airport.<ref name="asn">{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|date=|title=ASN Aircraft accident|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19741222-1|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050407060908/http://aviation-safety.net:80/database/record.php?id=19741222-1 |archive-date=7 April 2005 |access-date=21 September 2013|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]}}</ref> In command was 49-year-old Captain Diógenes Torrellas Leon, a veteran pilot with 25,000 hours of flying time, and the First Officer was Norberto Vivas Uzcátegui. Five minutes after takeoff the pilots declared an emergency to the control tower. The pilots lost control of the aircraft and crashed {{convert|32|km|abbr=on|mi nmi}} from the city of [[Maturín]], Venezuela.<ref name="asn" /> All 75 on board the flight perished.<ref name="asn" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.volarenvenezuela.com/vev/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1236|title=Resumen de Accidentes Aéreos en Venezuela - Resumen de accidentes aér - Aviones|website=www.volarenvenezuela.com|publisher=Volar en Venezuela.Com Portal de Aviación Civil de Venezuela, Aviones, Información, Equipos, Talleres, Estado del tiempo|language=Spanish|trans-title=Summary of Air Accidents in Venezuela - Summary of air accidents - Aircraft|access-date=2017-01-09}}</ref>
On 22 December, 1974, Flight 358 took off from runway 05 of the José Tadeo Monagas International Airport in Maturín, with 66 passengers on board and 6 crew members (the two pilots and 4 cabin crew). At 1 minute and 25 seconds of takeoff, an elevator of the Douglas DC-9-14 became detached in the climbing phase and left the aircraft uncontrollable, with no pitch command. The plane turned on itself during its fall and hit the ground in the Plantación de San Luis area, near the city of Maturin, leaving no survivors among the 72 occupants on board.



== Cause ==
== Cause ==
Venezuelan authorities and the United States National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigated the accident. The cause of the accident was not determined, though an elevator malfunction was considered.<ref name="asn" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Crash of a Douglas DC-9-14 near Maturín: 75 killed |url=https://www.baaa-acro.com/crash/crash-douglas-dc-9-14-near-maturin-75-killed |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=www.baaa-acro.com |publisher=Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives}}</ref>
The Venezuelan authorities had the collaboration of the NTSB (National Transportation Safety Board) in the investigation of this accident because the aircraft was made in the United States. NTSB handled the cause of the crash as a loss of aircraft commandos. Among the hypotheses of the reason for the loss of commands were: failure of a servo pump that does an electrohydraulic operation as a substitute for the mechanical function that triggers the commands, failure of a solenoid valve that controls and regulates the servo mechanisms of the elevators, rudder, and ailerons; failure of the main hydraulic system and the two alternative hydraulic systems following in case of damage to the main hydraulic system, and detachment of an elevator on the climbing of the aircraft. An elevator was repaired and poorly adjusted in maintenance four days before the crash. NTSB investigators considered a poorly adjusted elevator detachment during the aircraft climbing as the cause of the accident, when the aircraft was crossing a turbulence zone, because they did not find an elevator at the impact site. NTSB investigators asked for the help of 60 men to localize the detached elevator outside the plane's impact area. The detached elevator was located miles from the crash site. NTSB determined that the two turbines were operating at full power at the time of impact, had no burst, so failures of the aircraft's two turbines were not the cause of the accident. NTSB also determined that there was not an overweight problem with the aircraft. The aircraft had a weight of 78,000 pounds when it took off from Maturín and the maximum capacity of the aircraft was 85,000 pounds. The plane took off from Maturín with more than 10 empty seats


== In popular culture ==
== In popular culture ==
This accident was briefly featured on the Globovisión channel on 23 February 2008, due to the crash of [[Santa Bárbara Airlines Flight 518]].
This accident was reviewed in the video “History of Air Accidents in Venezuela” of the TV Channel Globovision, on February 25, 2008. It is noteworthy that the video mistakenly says that 79 people died and that the plane crashed with the hill El Zamuro. In fact, 72 people died, and the plane crash a flat, swampy, and depopulated area in 1974 called Plantación de San Luis

== See also ==
== See also ==


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=== Similar accidents ===
=== Similar accidents ===
* [[Southern Airways Flight 242]]
1- The Continental Express Flight 2574 crash of September 11, 1991, of an Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia aircraft departing from Laredo International Airport, Texas to the Houston Intercontinental Airport. As the plane approached Houston, the front edge of one left horizontal stabilizer detached in flight because it was poorly adjusted. The aircraft became uncontrollable, with no pitch commands. The aerodynamic differences between the right and left stabilizer caused the aircraft to spin and plummet. NTSB determined that the night before the accident, maintenance was performed on the left horizontal stabilizer, where the front edge of the stabilizer was removed. In the shift change in maintenance, the lack of communication between two shifts of work caused the edge were not secured properly to the horizontal stabilizer.
* [[British Airways Flight 009]]

* [[Gimli Glider]]
2- The Alaska Airlines Flight 261 crash of January 31, 2000, of a McDonnell Douglas MD-83 aircraft departing from Mr. Gustavo Diaz Ordaz International Airport in Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, Mexico, to the Seattle-Tacoma International Airport in Seattle, Washington with a stop at San Francisco International Airport, San Francisco, California. When the plane was traveling to San Francisco, a mechanical failure in the elevator caused the loss of commandos and the aircraft spinning and plummeting to the Pacific Ocean 4.3 kilometers north of Anacapa Island, California. NTSB determined inadequate maintenance due to lack of lubrication in the elevator gear that caused excessive wear of a horizontal stabilizer clamping screw that caused the stabilizer to jam. The jamming made it impossible to adjust the elevator to keep the aircraft stable and caused the plane's pitch control to be lost, causing the plane to plummet
* [[TACA Flight 110]]

* [[Avianca Flight 052]]
3- The Emery Worldwide Flight 17 crash of February 16, 2000, of a McDonnell Douglas DC-8-71F cargo aircraft departing from Reno-Tahoe International Airport, Reno, Nevada, to the James M. Cox Dayton International Airport, Dayton, Ohio with a stop at Sacramento Mather Airport, Rancho Cordova, California. The plane crashed in a scrap car yard for auto parts shortly after taking off from Sacramento Mather Airport while trying to return to the airport for a command loss emergency. NTSB determined that the accident was caused by the detachment of the control tab of the right elevator. The disconnection was caused by maintenance failure to properly secure and inspect the locking bolt.
* [[Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 751]]

* [[Garuda Indonesia Flight 421]]
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


== External links ==
== External links ==

* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xg-tNN06lXs
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xg-tNN06lXs


http://www.volarenvenezuela.com/vev/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1236
http://www.volarenvenezuela.com/vev/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1236


{{McDonnell Douglas DC-9 family}}
{{Aviation accidents and incidents in 1974}}
{{Aviation accidents and incidents in 1974}}
⚫
{{Aviation accidents and incidents in Venezuela}}

⚫
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents caused by loss of control]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in Venezuela]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in Venezuela]]
[[Category:Accidents and incidents involving the McDonnell Douglas DC-9]]
[[Category:Accidents and incidents involving the McDonnell Douglas DC-9]]
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[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1974]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1974]]
[[Category:1974 in Venezuela]]
[[Category:1974 in Venezuela]]
[[Category:December 1974 events in South America]]
[[Category:December 1974 events in South America]]
[[Category:1974 disasters in Venezuela]]



{{Venezuela-transport-stub}}{{aviation-accident-stub}}
{{aviation-accident-stub}}
{{Venezuela-transport-stub}}

Latest revision as of 22:41, 24 December 2024

Avensa Flight 358
An AVENSA DC-9, similar to the aircraft involved in the accident
Accident
Date22 December 1974
SummaryLoss of control for undetermined reasons
SiteNear Maturín Airport, Maturín, Venezuela
9°46′N 63°10′W / 9.767°N 63.167°W / 9.767; -63.167
Aircraft
Aircraft typeMcDonnell Douglas DC-9-14
OperatorAVENSA
RegistrationYV-C-AVM
Flight originMaturín Airport, Venezuela
DestinationSimón Bolívar International Airport, Venezuela
Passengers69
Crew6
Fatalities75
Survivors0

Avensa Flight 358 was a scheduled airline flight from Maturín Airport to Simón Bolívar International Airport in Venezuela that crashed on 22 December 1974 killing all 75 people on board.

Aircraft

[edit]

The aircraft involved was a seven-year-old DC-9-14, which had been delivered to Avensa from McDonnell Douglas in 1967.[1]

Accident

[edit]

On 22 December 1974, the McDonnell Douglas DC-9, with 69 passengers and 6 crew on board, took off on runway 05 from Maturín Airport.[2] In command was 49-year-old Captain Diógenes Torrellas Leon, a veteran pilot with 25,000 hours of flying time, and the First Officer was Norberto Vivas Uzcátegui. Five minutes after takeoff the pilots declared an emergency to the control tower. The pilots lost control of the aircraft and crashed 32 km (20 mi; 17 nmi) from the city of Maturín, Venezuela.[2] All 75 on board the flight perished.[2][3]

Cause

[edit]

Venezuelan authorities and the United States National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigated the accident. The cause of the accident was not determined, though an elevator malfunction was considered.[2][4]

[edit]

This accident was briefly featured on the Globovisión channel on 23 February 2008, due to the crash of Santa Bárbara Airlines Flight 518.

See also

[edit]

Similar accidents

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "YV-C-AVM AVENSA McDonnell Douglas DC-9-10". www.planespotters.net. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident". aviation-safety.net. Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 7 April 2005. Retrieved 21 September 2013.
  3. ^ "Resumen de Accidentes Aéreos en Venezuela - Resumen de accidentes aér - Aviones" [Summary of Air Accidents in Venezuela - Summary of air accidents - Aircraft]. www.volarenvenezuela.com (in Spanish). Volar en Venezuela.Com Portal de Aviación Civil de Venezuela, Aviones, Información, Equipos, Talleres, Estado del tiempo. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
  4. ^ "Crash of a Douglas DC-9-14 near Maturín: 75 killed". www.baaa-acro.com. Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
[edit]

http://www.volarenvenezuela.com/vev/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1236


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