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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{short description|Geographical features of East Timor}}
{{Country geography
{{Country geography
|name = East Timor
| name = Timor-Leste
|map = East_Timor_Satellite.jpg
| map = East_Timor_Satellite.jpg
|continent = [[Asia]]
| continent = [[Asia]]
|region=[[Southeast Asia]]
| region = [[Southeast Asia]]
*[[Lesser Sunda Islands]]
*[[Lesser Sunda Islands]]
|coordinates = {{Coord|8|50|S|125|55|E|}}
| coordinates = {{Coord|8|50|S|125|55|E|}}
|area ranking = 154th
| area ranking = 154th
|km area = 14,919
| km area = 14,919
|percent land = 100
| percent land = 100
|km coastline = 706
| km coastline = 706
|borders = [[Indonesia]]: {{convert|253|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
| borders = [[Indonesia]]: {{convert|253|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
|highest point = [[Tatamailau]] ({{convert|2963|m|ft|0|abbr=on|disp=or}})
| highest point = [[Tatamailau]] ({{convert|2963|m|ft|0|abbr=on|disp=or}})
|lowest point = [[Timor Sea]], [[Savu Sea]], and [[Banda Sea]] <br /> {{convert|0|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| lowest point = [[Timor Sea]], [[Savu Sea]], and [[Banda Sea]] <br /> {{convert|0|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|longest river = [[Loes River]]<br /> {{convert|80|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
| longest river = [[Loes River]]<br /> {{convert|80|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
|largest lake = [[Ira Lalaro]]<br />{{convert|1.9|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}
| largest lake = [[Ira Lalaro]]<br />{{convert|1.9|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}
|climate = [[Tropics|Tropical]]
| climate = [[Tropics|Tropical]]
|terrain = Mountainous and rugged
| terrain = Mountainous and rugged
|natural resources = [[Gold]], [[petroleum]], [[natural gas]], [[manganese]], [[marble]]
| natural resources = [[Gold]], [[petroleum]], [[natural gas]], [[manganese]], [[marble]]
|natural hazards = [[Landslide]]s are common; [[earthquake]]s; and [[tsunami]]s.
| natural hazards = [[Landslide]]s are common; [[earthquake]]s; and [[tsunami]]s.
|environmental issues = [[deforestation]] and soil [[erosion]]
| environmental issues = [[deforestation]] and soil [[erosion]]
|exclusive economic zone = {{convert|70,326|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}
| exclusive economic zone = {{convert|70,326|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}
}}
}}


[[File:EastTimor2022OSM.png|thumb|300px|right|Detailed map of East Timor]]
[[File:EastTimor2022OSM.png|thumb|300px|right|Detailed map of Timor-Leste]]


The '''[[geography]] of [[East Timor]]''' exhibits a mountainous terrain on the eastern half of the island of Timor in Southeast Asia (or [[Oceania]] depending on definitions).{{efn|name=Asia and Oceania}} East Timor includes the eastern half of [[Timor]], the [[Oecusse|Ocussi-Ambeno]] region on the northwest portion of the island of Timor, and the islands of [[Atauro Island|Atauro]] and [[Jaco Island|Jaco]]. The country is located northwest of [[Australia]] in the [[Lesser Sunda Islands]] at the eastern end of the [[list of islands of Indonesia|Indonesian Archipelago]]. 'Timor' is a Portuguese derivation of 'Timor', the [[Malay language|Malay]] word for "[[east|Orient]]"; the island of Timor is part of the [[Malay Archipelago]] and is the largest and easternmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands. East Timor is the only Asian nation to lie entirely within the Southern Hemisphere.{{fact|date=June 2016}} The [[Loes River]] is the longest with a length of {{convert|80|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}. This river system covers an area of {{convert|2184|km2|mi2|0|abbr=on}}. It is a small country with a land size of {{convert|14,919|km2|mi2|0|abbr=on}}. The [[exclusive economic zone]] is {{convert|70,326|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}.<ref>[http://www.seaaroundus.org/eez/summaryInfo.aspx?eez=608# Exclusive Economic Zones] – Sea Around Us Project – Fisheries, Ecosystems & Biodiversity – Data and Visualization.</ref>
[[Timor-Leste]] includes the mountainous eastern half of [[Timor]], the [[Oecusse|Ocussi-Ambeno]] region on the northwest portion of the island of Timor, and the islands of [[Atauro Island|Atauro]] and [[Jaco Island|Jaco]]. The country is located northwest of [[Australia]] in the [[Lesser Sunda Islands]] at the eastern end of the [[list of islands of Indonesia|Indonesian Archipelago]]. 'Timor' is a Portuguese derivation of 'Timor', the [[Malay language|Malay]] word for "[[east|Orient]]"; the island of Timor is part of the [[Malay Archipelago]] and is the largest and easternmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands. Timor-Leste is the only Asian nation to lie entirely within the Southern Hemisphere.{{citation needed|date=June 2016}} The [[Loes River]] is the longest with a length of {{convert|80|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}. This river system covers an area of {{convert|2184|km2|mi2|0|abbr=on}}. It is a small country with a land size of {{convert|14,919|km2|mi2|0|abbr=on}}. The [[exclusive economic zone]] is {{convert|70,326|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}.<ref>[http://www.seaaroundus.org/eez/summaryInfo.aspx?eez=608# Exclusive Economic Zones] – Sea Around Us Project – Fisheries, Ecosystems & Biodiversity – Data and Visualization.</ref>


== Statistics ==
== Statistics ==
; Area
; Area
:* Total: [[1 E10 m²|14,874]] km²
:* Total: [[1 E10 m2|14,874]]&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>
:* Land: 14,874 km²
:* Land: 14,874&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>
:* Water: 0 km²
:* Water: 0&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>


; Land boundaries
; Land boundaries
Line 42: Line 42:


; Maritime claims
; Maritime claims
:* Territorial sea: 12 [[Nautical mile|nmi]]
:* Territorial sea: 12&nbsp;[[Nautical mile|nmi]]
:* Contiguous zone: 24 nmo
:* Contiguous zone: 24&nbsp;nmo
:* [[Exclusive economic zone]]: {{convert|70,326|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} and 200 nmi <br />
:* [[Exclusive economic zone]]: {{convert|70,326|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} and 200 nmi


=== Elevation extremes ===
=== Elevation extremes ===


* Lowest point: [[Timor Sea]], [[Savu Sea]], and [[Banda Sea]] 0 m
* Lowest point: [[Timor Sea]], [[Savu Sea]], and [[Banda Sea]] 0&nbsp;m
* Highest point: [[Tatamailau]] ({{convert|2963|m|ft|0|abbr=on|disp=or}})
* Highest point: [[Tatamailau]] ({{convert|2963|m|ft|0|abbr=on|disp=or}})


Line 66: Line 66:
== Climate ==
== Climate ==
{{Further|Effects of climate change on small island countries}}
{{Further|Effects of climate change on small island countries}}
:[[Tropical]]; hot and humid with distinct rainy and dry seasons. Tropical cyclones do occur along with floods.
: The islands have a [[tropical savanna climate]], bordering on a [[tropical monsoon climate]]; hot and humid with distinct rainy and dry seasons. Tropical cyclones do occur along with floods.


{{Weather box
{{Weather box
Line 72: Line 72:
| metric first = yes
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| single line = yes
| location = Dili (1914-1963)
| location = Dili (1914-1963)
| temperature colour =
| temperature colour =
| Jan record high C = 36.0
| Jan record high C = 36.0
Line 225: Line 225:


== References ==
== References ==
{{notes
| notes =

{{efn
| name = Asia and Oceania
| See [[Boundaries between continents#Asia and Oceania]]
}}
}}
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
*''Much of the material in this article is adapted from the [[CIA World Factbook]] 2000 and 2012.''
*''Much of the material in this article is adapted from the [[CIA World Factbook]] 2000 and 2012.''


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
* {{cite book |last1=Crosby |first1=Michael J |title=Important Bird Areas in Timor-Leste |date=2007 |publisher=BirdLife International |isbn=9780946888597}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Crosby |first1=Michael J |title=Important Bird Areas in Timor-Leste |date=2007 |publisher=BirdLife International |isbn=9780946888597}}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Kaiser |first1=Hinrich |last2=Carvalho |first2=Venancio Lopes |last3=Ceballos |first3=Jester |last4=Freed |first4=Paul |last5=Heacox |first5=Scott |last6=Lester |first6=Barbara |last7=Richards |first7=Stephen J. |last8=Trainor |first8=Colin R. |last9=Sanchez |first9=Caitlin |last10=O’Shea |first10=Mark |date=2011-06-20 |title=The herpetofauna of Timor-Leste: a first report |url=http://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=2567 |journal=ZooKeys |volume=109 |pages=19–86 |doi=10.3897/zookeys.109.1439 |issn=1313-2970 |pmc=PMC3118819 |pmid=21852932}}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Kaiser |first1=Hinrich |last2=Carvalho |first2=Venancio Lopes |last3=Ceballos |first3=Jester |last4=Freed |first4=Paul |last5=Heacox |first5=Scott |last6=Lester |first6=Barbara |last7=Richards |first7=Stephen J. |last8=Trainor |first8=Colin R. |last9=Sanchez |first9=Caitlin |last10=O’Shea |first10=Mark |date=20 June 2011 |title=The herpetofauna of Timor-Leste: a first report |journal=ZooKeys |issue=109 |pages=19–86 |doi=10.3897/zookeys.109.1439 |issn=1313-2970 |pmc=3118819 |pmid=21852932 |doi-access=free }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Kaiser |first1=Hinrich |last2=Sanchez |first2=Caitlin |last3=Heacox |first3=Scott |last4=Kathriner |first4=Andrew |last5=Ribeiro |first5=Agivedo Varela |last6=Soares |first6=Zito Afranio |last7=Araujo |first7=Luis Lemos de |last8=Mecke |first8=Sven |last9=O’Shea |first9=Mark |date=2013-08-01 |title=First report on the herpetofauna of Ataúro Island, Timor Leste |url=https://checklist.pensoft.net/article/18718/ |journal=Check List |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=752 |doi=10.15560/9.4.752 |issn=1809-127X}}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Kaiser |first1=Hinrich |last2=Sanchez |first2=Caitlin |last3=Heacox |first3=Scott |last4=Kathriner |first4=Andrew |last5=Ribeiro |first5=Agivedo Varela |last6=Soares |first6=Zito Afranio |last7=Araujo |first7=Luis Lemos de |last8=Mecke |first8=Sven |last9=O’Shea |first9=Mark |date=1 August 2013 |title=First report on the herpetofauna of Ataúro Island, Timor Leste |url=https://checklist.pensoft.net/article/18718/ |journal=Check List |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=752–762 |doi=10.15560/9.4.752 |issn=1809-127X |doi-access=free }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=O'Shea |first1=Mark |last2=Sanchez |first2=Caitlin |last3=Kathriner |first3=Andrew |last4=Mecke |first4=Sven |last5=Carvalho |first5=Venancio Lopes |last6=Ribeiro |first6=Agivedo Varela |last7=Soares |first7=Zito Afranio |last8=Araujo |first8=Luis Lemos de |last9=Kaiser |first9=Hinrich |date=2015-06-25 |title=Herpetological Diversity of Timor-Leste: Updates and a Review of Species Distributions |url=http://www.ahr-journal.com/oa/DArticle.aspx?type=view&id=20150009 |journal=Asian Herpetological Research |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=72-131 |doi=10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.140066 |issn=2095-0357}}
* {{Cite journal |last1=O'Shea |first1=Mark |last2=Sanchez |first2=Caitlin |last3=Kathriner |first3=Andrew |last4=Mecke |first4=Sven |last5=Carvalho |first5=Venancio Lopes |last6=Ribeiro |first6=Agivedo Varela |last7=Soares |first7=Zito Afranio |last8=Araujo |first8=Luis Lemos de |last9=Kaiser |first9=Hinrich |date=25 June 2015 |title=Herpetological Diversity of Timor-Leste: Updates and a Review of Species Distributions |url=http://www.ahr-journal.com/oa/DArticle.aspx?type=view&id=20150009 |journal=Asian Herpetological Research |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=72–131 |doi=10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.140066 |issn=2095-0357}}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Sanchez |first1=Caitlin |last2=Carvalho |first2=Venancio Lopes |last3=Kathriner |first3=Andrew |last4=O'Shea |first4=Mark |last5=Kaiser |first5=Hinrich |date=2012-01 |title=First Report on the Herpetofauna of the Oecusse District, an Exclave of Timor-Leste |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259910612_First_Report_on_the_Herpetofauna_of_the_Oecusse_District_an_Exclave_of_Timor-Leste |journal=Herptology Notes |volume=5 |pages=137-149}}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Sanchez |first1=Caitlin |last2=Carvalho |first2=Venancio Lopes |last3=Kathriner |first3=Andrew |last4=O'Shea |first4=Mark |last5=Kaiser |first5=Hinrich |date=January 2012 |title=First Report on the Herpetofauna of the Oecusse District, an Exclave of Timor-Leste |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259910612 |journal=Herptology Notes |volume=5 |pages=137–149}}


{{East Timor topics}}
{{East Timor topics}}
Line 248: Line 240:


[[Category:Geography of East Timor| ]]
[[Category:Geography of East Timor| ]]



{{EastTimor-geo-stub}}
{{EastTimor-geo-stub}}

Revision as of 06:32, 25 December 2024

Geography of Timor-Leste
ContinentAsia
RegionSoutheast Asia
Coordinates8°50′S 125°55′E / 8.833°S 125.917°E / -8.833; 125.917
AreaRanked 154th
 • Total14,919 km2 (5,760 sq mi)
 • Land100%
 • Water0%
Coastline706 km (439 mi)
BordersIndonesia: 253 km (157 mi)
Highest pointTatamailau (2,963 m or 9,721 ft)
Lowest pointTimor Sea, Savu Sea, and Banda Sea
0 m (0 ft)
Longest riverLoes River
80 km (50 mi)
Largest lakeIra Lalaro
1.9 km2 (1 sq mi)
ClimateTropical
TerrainMountainous and rugged
Natural resourcesGold, petroleum, natural gas, manganese, marble
Natural hazardsLandslides are common; earthquakes; and tsunamis.
Environmental issuesdeforestation and soil erosion
Exclusive economic zone70,326 km2 (27,153 sq mi)
Detailed map of Timor-Leste

Timor-Leste includes the mountainous eastern half of Timor, the Ocussi-Ambeno region on the northwest portion of the island of Timor, and the islands of Atauro and Jaco. The country is located northwest of Australia in the Lesser Sunda Islands at the eastern end of the Indonesian Archipelago. 'Timor' is a Portuguese derivation of 'Timor', the Malay word for "Orient"; the island of Timor is part of the Malay Archipelago and is the largest and easternmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands. Timor-Leste is the only Asian nation to lie entirely within the Southern Hemisphere.[citation needed] The Loes River is the longest with a length of 80 km (50 mi). This river system covers an area of 2,184 km2 (843 sq mi). It is a small country with a land size of 14,919 km2 (5,760 sq mi). The exclusive economic zone is 70,326 km2 (27,153 sq mi).[1]

Statistics

Area
  • Total: 14,874 km2
  • Land: 14,874 km2
  • Water: 0 km2
Land boundaries
  • Total: 2,538 km (1,577 mi)
  • Border countries: Indonesia (253 km or 157 mi)
Coastline
706 km (439 mi)
Maritime claims

Elevation extremes

Natural resources
Gold, petroleum, natural gas, manganese, marble
Land use
  • Arable land: 10.1%
  • Permanent crops: 4.9%
  • Permanent pasture: 10.1%
  • Forest: 49.1%
  • Other: 25.8% (2011)
Irrigated land
346.5 km2 (134 sq mi) (2003)

Climate

Further information: Effects of climate change on small island countries
The islands have a tropical savanna climate, bordering on a tropical monsoon climate; hot and humid with distinct rainy and dry seasons. Tropical cyclones do occur along with floods.
Climate data for Dili (1914-1963)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 36.0
(96.8) 		35.5
(95.9) 		36.6
(97.9) 		36.0
(96.8) 		35.7
(96.3) 		36.5
(97.7) 		34.1
(93.4) 		35.0
(95.0) 		34.0
(93.2) 		34.5
(94.1) 		36.0
(96.8) 		35.5
(95.9) 		36.6
(97.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 31.3
(88.3) 		31.1
(88.0) 		31.2
(88.2) 		31.5
(88.7) 		31.3
(88.3) 		30.7
(87.3) 		30.2
(86.4) 		30.1
(86.2) 		30.3
(86.5) 		30.5
(86.9) 		31.4
(88.5) 		31.1
(88.0) 		30.9
(87.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) 27.7
(81.9) 		27.6
(81.7) 		27.4
(81.3) 		27.4
(81.3) 		27.0
(80.6) 		26.8
(80.2) 		25.5
(77.9) 		25.1
(77.2) 		25.4
(77.7) 		26.0
(78.8) 		27.2
(81.0) 		27.4
(81.3) 		26.6
(79.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 24.1
(75.4) 		24.1
(75.4) 		23.5
(74.3) 		23.5
(74.3) 		22.8
(73.0) 		21.9
(71.4) 		20.8
(69.4) 		20.1
(68.2) 		20.5
(68.9) 		21.5
(70.7) 		23.0
(73.4) 		23.6
(74.5) 		22.4
(72.3)
Record low °C (°F) 19.0
(66.2) 		16.2
(61.2) 		16.5
(61.7) 		18.2
(64.8) 		13.2
(55.8) 		14.5
(58.1) 		12.4
(54.3) 		11.8
(53.2) 		13.4
(56.1) 		16.1
(61.0) 		18.0
(64.4) 		16.7
(62.1) 		11.8
(53.2)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 139.5
(5.49) 		138.7
(5.46) 		132.7
(5.22) 		104.3
(4.11) 		74.9
(2.95) 		58.4
(2.30) 		20.1
(0.79) 		12.1
(0.48) 		9.0
(0.35) 		12.8
(0.50) 		61.4
(2.42) 		144.9
(5.70) 		908.8
(35.77)
Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) 13 13 11 9 6 4 3 1 1 2 6 11 80
Average relative humidity (%) 80 82 80 77 75 72 71 70 71 72 73 77 75
Mean monthly sunshine hours 189.1 161.0 235.6 234.0 266.6 246.0 272.8 291.4 288.0 297.6 270.0 220.1 2,972.2
Mean daily sunshine hours 6.1 5.7 7.6 7.8 8.6 8.2 8.8 9.4 9.6 9.6 9.0 7.1 8.1
Source: Deutscher Wetterdienst[2]

Environment

Natural hazards
Landslides are common; earthquakes; and tsunamis.
Environment - current issues
Widespread use of slash and burn agriculture has led to deforestation and soil erosion.
Environment - international agreements
Biodiversity, climate change, climate change-Kyoto Protocol, desertification

References

  1. ^ Exclusive Economic Zones – Sea Around Us Project – Fisheries, Ecosystems & Biodiversity – Data and Visualization.
  2. ^ "Klimatafel von Díli, Insel Timor / Ost-Timor" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
  • Much of the material in this article is adapted from the CIA World Factbook 2000 and 2012.

Further reading


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