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{{Automatic taxobox |
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| name = Daspletosaurins |
| name = Daspletosaurins |
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| fossil_range = [[Late Cretaceous]], middle [[Campanian]] {{Fossil range|80.1| |
| fossil_range = [[Late Cretaceous]], middle [[Campanian]] {{Fossil range|80.1|75}} |
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| image = Daspletosaurus-Triebold-800px.png |
| image = Daspletosaurus-Triebold-800px.png |
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| image_caption = Skeletal mount of ''Daspletosaurus torosus'' |
| image_caption = Skeletal mount of ''Daspletosaurus torosus'' |
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'''Daspletosaurini''' is an extinct clade of [[tyrannosaurine]] dinosaurs that lived in [[Laramidia]] during the [[Late Cretaceous]] (Middle [[Campanian]]) period. It consists of two genera: ''[[Daspletosaurus]]'' and ''[[Thanatotheristes]]''. Four species have been described in the two genera, namely ''Daspletosaurus torosus'', ''Daspletosaurus horneri'', ''Daspletosaurus wilsoni'', and ''Thanatotheristes degrootorum''. At one point all of them were assigned as specimens of ''D. torosus'', but several papers since 2017 have found them to represent distinct species. |
'''Daspletosaurini''' is an extinct [[clade]] ([[Tribe (biology)|tribe]])<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Yun |first=C.-g. |year=2020 |title=A Subadult Frontal of ''Daspletosaurus torosus'' (Theropoda: Tyrannosauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada with Implications for Tyrannosaurid Ontogeny and Taxonomy |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344187485_A_Subadult_Frontal_of_Daspletosaurus_torosus_Theropoda_Tyrannosauridae_from_the_Late_Cretaceous_of_Alberta_Canada_with_Implications_for_Tyrannosaurid_Ontogeny_and_Taxonomy |journal=PalArch's Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology |volume=17 |pages=1–13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Rivera-Sylva |first1=Héctor E. |last2=Longrich |first2=Nicholas R. |title=A New Tyrant Dinosaur from the Late Campanian of Mexico Reveals a Tribe of Southern Tyrannosaurs |year=2024 |journal=Fossil Studies |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=245–272 |doi=10.3390/fossils2040012 |doi-access=free }}</ref> of [[tyrannosaurine]] dinosaurs that lived in [[Laramidia]] during the [[Late Cretaceous]] (Middle [[Campanian]]) period. It consists of two genera: ''[[Daspletosaurus]]'' and ''[[Thanatotheristes]]''. Four species have been described in the two genera, namely ''Daspletosaurus torosus'', ''Daspletosaurus horneri'', ''Daspletosaurus wilsoni'', and ''Thanatotheristes degrootorum''. At one point all of them were assigned as specimens of ''D. torosus'', but several papers since 2017 have found them to represent distinct species. Some researchers found [[anagenesis]] in the group, whether contained in a daspletosaurin clade or paraphyletic in respect to the lineage of tyrannosaurines leading up to ''[[Tyrannosaurus]]'',<ref name="Horneri">{{cite journal|last1=Carr|first1=Thomas D.|last2=Varricchio|first2=David J.|last3=Sedlmayr|first3=Jayc C.|last4=Roberts|first4=Eric M.|last5=Moore|first5=Jason R.|title=A new tyrannosaur with evidence for anagenesis and crocodile-like facial sensory system|journal=Scientific Reports|date=2017|volume=7|pages=44942|doi=10.1038/srep44942|pmid=28358353|pmc=5372470|bibcode=2017NatSR...744942C}}</ref><ref name="Voris2020">{{Cite journal |last1=Voris |first1=Jared T. |last2=Therrien |first2=Francois |last3=Zelenitzky |first3=Darla K. |last4=Brown |first4=Caleb M. |year=2020 |title=A new tyrannosaurine (Theropoda: Tyrannosauridae) from the Campanian Foremost Formation of Alberta, Canada, provides insight into the evolution and biogeography of tyrannosaurids |journal=[[Cretaceous Research]] |volume=110 |pages=104388 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104388|bibcode=2020CrRes.11004388V |s2cid=213838772 }}</ref><ref name=D.wilsoni>{{Cite journal |last1=Warshaw |first1=Elías A.|last2=Fowler |first2=Denver W. |year=2022 |title=A transitional species of ''Daspletosaurus'' Russell, 1970 from the Judith River Formation of eastern Montana |journal=[[PeerJ]] |volume=10 |at=e14461 |doi=10.7717/peerj.14461 |doi-access=free|pmid=36452080 |pmc=9703990 }}</ref> but a 2023 study refuted this theory on the basis of morphological and stratigraphical data.<ref name=SV23>{{Cite journal |last1=Scherer |first1=Charlie Roger |last2=Voiculescu-Holvad |first2=Christian |date=2023-11-28 |title=Re-analysis of a dataset refutes claims of anagenesis within ''Tyrannosaurus''-line tyrannosaurines (Theropoda, Tyrannosauridae) |journal=[[Cretaceous Research]] |volume=155 |issue=In press |pages=105780 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105780 |issn=0195-6671|doi-access=free |bibcode=2024CrRes.15505780S }}</ref> |
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==Description== |
==Description== |
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[[File:Daspletosaurini Size Comparison.svg|thumb|left|Size of four daspletosaurin species compared to a human]] |
[[File:Daspletosaurini Size Comparison.svg|thumb|left|Size of four daspletosaurin species compared to a human]] |
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Daspletosaurins were large predators, reaching around {{convert| |
Daspletosaurins were large predators, reaching around {{convert|9|m|ft}} in length.<ref name="Horneri"/> However, they were not the largest tyrannosaurids, as more derived taxa, such as ''[[Tyrannosaurus]]'', could reach lengths of more than {{convert|12|m|ft}}.<ref name="Holtz2008">{{cite web|last1=Holtz|first1=T. R.|title=Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages, Winter 2011 Appendix|url=http://www.geol.umd.edu/~tholtz/dinoappendix/HoltzappendixWinter2011.pdf|access-date=January 13, 2012|date=2011}}</ref> |
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Daspletosaurini is diagnosed by characteristics such as the presence of an extremely coarse subcutaneous surface of the maxilla anteroventral to the antorbital fossa; a constricted jugal ramus of maxilla; the anteroventral corner of the maxilla tapers into a shallow angle (<65°) as measured between the alveolar margin of the first two alveoli and the anterior margin of the subcutaneous surface; a prefrontal that is broad in dorsal view and strongly dorsomedially arced in anterior view; a dentary chin located ventral to either the third alveolus or third interdental plate and possessing no fewer than 14 maxillary teeth.<ref name="Voris2020" /> |
Daspletosaurini is diagnosed by characteristics such as the presence of an extremely coarse subcutaneous surface of the maxilla anteroventral to the antorbital fossa; a constricted jugal ramus of maxilla; the anteroventral corner of the maxilla tapers into a shallow angle (<65°) as measured between the alveolar margin of the first two alveoli and the anterior margin of the subcutaneous surface; a prefrontal that is broad in dorsal view and strongly dorsomedially arced in anterior view; a dentary chin located ventral to either the third alveolus or third interdental plate and possessing no fewer than 14 maxillary teeth.<ref name="Voris2020" /> |
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==Classification== |
==Classification== |
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In the 2020 [[Species description|description]] of ''[[Thanatotheristes]]'', Voris |
In the 2020 [[Species description|description]] of ''[[Thanatotheristes]]'', Voris et al. erected Daspletosaurini as a new clade within Tyrannosauridae, as a sister taxon to a clade comprising ''[[Zhuchengtyrannus]]'', ''[[Tarbosaurus]]'', and ''[[Tyrannosaurus]]''. The [[cladogram]] below shows the results of the [[phylogenetic analyses]] performed by Voris et al. (2020):<ref name="Voris2020" /> |
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{{clade| style=font-size:100%; line-height:95%; width:65% |
{{clade| style=font-size:100%; line-height:95%; width:65% |
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|label1= |
|label1= |
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|1={{clade |
|1={{clade |
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|1=''[[Teratophoneus]]'' [[File: |
|1=''[[Teratophoneus]]'' [[File:Teratophoneus curriei by PaleoGeek.png|85px]] |
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|2=''[[Dynamoterror]]'' |
|2=''[[Dynamoterror]]'' |
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|3=''[[Lythronax]]'' [[File:Lythronax by Tomopteryx.png|80px]] }} |
|3=''[[Lythronax]]'' [[File:Lythronax by Tomopteryx.png|80px]] }} |
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|label2= |
|label2= |
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|2={{clade |
|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Nanuqsaurus]]'' [[File:Nanuqsaurus |
|1=''[[Nanuqsaurus]]'' <div style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Nanuqsaurus UDL.png|85px]]</div> |
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|2={{clade |
|2={{clade |
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|label1='''Daspletosaurini''' |
|label1='''Daspletosaurini''' |
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|1={{clade |
|1={{clade |
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|1=''[[Thanatotheristes]]'' |
|1=''[[Thanatotheristes]]'' |
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|2={{clade |
|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Daspletosaurus torosus]]'' <div style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Daspletosaurus torosus steveoc flipped.jpg|85px]]</div> |
|1=''[[Daspletosaurus torosus]]'' <div style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Daspletosaurus torosus steveoc flipped.jpg|85px]]</div> |
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|label2= |
|label2= |
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|2={{clade |
|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Zhuchengtyrannus]]'' |
|1=''[[Zhuchengtyrannus]]'' [[File:Zhuchengtyrannus magnus reconstruction.jpg|85px]] |
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|2={{clade |
|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Tarbosaurus]]'' [[File:Tarbosaurus Restoration.png|85px]] |
|1=''[[Tarbosaurus]]'' [[File:Tarbosaurus Restoration.png|85px]] |
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|1=''Daspletosaurus horneri'' |
|1=''Daspletosaurus horneri'' |
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|2={{clade |
|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Zhuchengtyrannus]]'' |
|1=''[[Zhuchengtyrannus]]'' [[File:Zhuchengtyrannus magnus reconstruction.jpg|85px]] |
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|2={{clade |
|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Tarbosaurus]]'' [[File:Tarbosaurus Restoration.png|85px]] |
|1=''[[Tarbosaurus]]'' [[File:Tarbosaurus Restoration.png|85px]] |
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|2=''[[Tyrannosaurus]]'' <div style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Tyrannosaurus-rex-Profile-steveoc86 (coloured).png|85px]]</div> }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} |
|2=''[[Tyrannosaurus]]'' <div style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Tyrannosaurus-rex-Profile-steveoc86 (coloured).png|85px]]</div> }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} |
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In 2023, Scherer and Voiculescu-Holvad argued that the stratigraphic ranges of ''D. torosus'', ''D. wilsoni'' and an unnamed species from the [[Dinosaur Park Formation]] and [[Oldman Formation]] show a clear overlap, indicating that anagenesis may not be the predominant factor of speciation within the genus, since all species of ''Daspletosaurus'' were contemporaneous with each other at some point during its evolution. Phylogenetic analyses resolved ''D. horneri'' as the most basal species, in spite of the fact that it's stratigraphically the youngest. While the authors did not completely refute the possibility that anagenesis was the main driver of ''Daspletosaurus'' evolution based on the intermediate morphological features, they also suggested that ''D. wilsoni'' may be a junior synonym of ''D. torosus'', since there is a near lack of autapomorphic characters that can differentiate this species. They also claimed that ''Daspletosaurus'' did not evolve from ''Thanatotheristes'', since they found no support on the basis of morphological and stratigraphical data, and that anagenesis will not be supported unequivocally due to the limited sample and nature of the fossil record which doesn't show a great degree of variation in morphology. The cladogram presented for their phylogenetic analysis is shown below.<ref name=SV23/> |
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{{clade |
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|label1=[[Tyrannosaurinae]] |
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|1={{clade |
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|label1=[[Alioramini]] |
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|1={{clade |
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|1=''[[Alioramus|Alioramus remotus]]'' [[File:Alioramus Life Restoration.jpg|85px]] |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Alioramus|Alioramus altai]]'' [[File:Alioramus altai.jpg|85px]] |
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|2=''[[Qianzhousaurus]]'' [[File:Qianzhousaurus sinensis by PaleoGeek.png|85px]] |
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}} |
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}} |
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|2={{clade |
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|label1=[[Teratophoneini]] |
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|1={{clade |
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|2=''[[Dynamoterror]]'' |
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|1={{clade |
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|1=''[[Lythronax]]'' [[File:Lythronax by Tomopteryx.png|85px]] |
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|2=''[[Teratophoneus]]'' [[File:Teratophoneus curriei by PaleoGeek.png|85px]] |
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}} |
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}} |
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|2={{clade |
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|label1='''Daspletosaurini''' |
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|1={{clade |
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|1=''[[Thanatotheristes]]'' |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Daspletosaurus|Daspletosaurus horneri]]'' |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Daspletosaurus|Daspletosaurus wilsoni]]'' |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Daspletosaurus|Daspletosaurus torosus]]'' <div style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Daspletosaurus torosus steveoc flipped.jpg|85px]]</div> |
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|2=[[Dinosaur Park Formation|Dinosaur Park]] and [[Oldman Formation|Oldman]] formations taxon ([[Royal Tyrrell Museum|TMP]] 2001.36.1) |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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|label2=[[Tyrannosaurini]] |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Zhuchengtyrannus]]'' [[File:Zhuchengtyrannus magnus reconstruction.jpg|85px]] |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Tarbosaurus]]'' [[File:Tarbosaurus Restoration.png|85px]] |
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|2=''[[Tyrannosaurus]]'' <div style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Tyrannosaurus-rex-Profile-steveoc86 (coloured).png|85px]]</div> |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Theropoda|C.}} |
{{Theropoda|C.}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from= |
{{Taxonbar|from=Q84050109}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Tyrannosaurids]] |
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[[Category:Tyrannosaurids| ]] |
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Latest revision as of 13:16, 25 December 2024
| Daspletosaurins Temporal range: Late Cretaceous, middle Campanian
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|---|---|
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| Skeletal mount of Daspletosaurus torosus | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Clade: | Dinosauria |
| Clade: | Saurischia |
| Clade: | Theropoda |
| Family: | †Tyrannosauridae |
| Subfamily: | †Tyrannosaurinae |
| Tribe: | †Daspletosaurini Voris et al., 2020 |
| Type species | |
| Daspletosaurus torosus Russell, 1970
| |
| Genera | |
Daspletosaurini is an extinct clade (tribe)[1][2] of tyrannosaurine dinosaurs that lived in Laramidia during the Late Cretaceous (Middle Campanian) period. It consists of two genera: Daspletosaurus and Thanatotheristes. Four species have been described in the two genera, namely Daspletosaurus torosus, Daspletosaurus horneri, Daspletosaurus wilsoni, and Thanatotheristes degrootorum. At one point all of them were assigned as specimens of D. torosus, but several papers since 2017 have found them to represent distinct species. Some researchers found anagenesis in the group, whether contained in a daspletosaurin clade or paraphyletic in respect to the lineage of tyrannosaurines leading up to Tyrannosaurus,[3][4][5] but a 2023 study refuted this theory on the basis of morphological and stratigraphical data.[6]
Description
[edit]
Daspletosaurins were large predators, reaching around 9 metres (30 ft) in length.[3] However, they were not the largest tyrannosaurids, as more derived taxa, such as Tyrannosaurus, could reach lengths of more than 12 metres (39 ft).[7]
Daspletosaurini is diagnosed by characteristics such as the presence of an extremely coarse subcutaneous surface of the maxilla anteroventral to the antorbital fossa; a constricted jugal ramus of maxilla; the anteroventral corner of the maxilla tapers into a shallow angle (<65°) as measured between the alveolar margin of the first two alveoli and the anterior margin of the subcutaneous surface; a prefrontal that is broad in dorsal view and strongly dorsomedially arced in anterior view; a dentary chin located ventral to either the third alveolus or third interdental plate and possessing no fewer than 14 maxillary teeth.[4]
Classification
[edit]In the 2020 description of Thanatotheristes, Voris et al. erected Daspletosaurini as a new clade within Tyrannosauridae, as a sister taxon to a clade comprising Zhuchengtyrannus, Tarbosaurus, and Tyrannosaurus. The cladogram below shows the results of the phylogenetic analyses performed by Voris et al. (2020):[4]
| Tyrannosauridae |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
.png){kind=small}
In 2022, Warshaw & Fowler proposed that the three Daspletosaurus species evolved through anagenesis in the Tyrannosaurinae in a line leading to Zhuchengtyrannus, Tarbosaurus, and Tyrannosaurus. Due to their more fragmentary nature, Thanatotheristes and Nanuqsaurus were excluded from this analysis. The cladogram below shows the results of the phylogenetic analysis performed by Warshaw & Fowler (2022).[5]
| Tyrannosaurinae |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In 2023, Scherer and Voiculescu-Holvad argued that the stratigraphic ranges of D. torosus, D. wilsoni and an unnamed species from the Dinosaur Park Formation and Oldman Formation show a clear overlap, indicating that anagenesis may not be the predominant factor of speciation within the genus, since all species of Daspletosaurus were contemporaneous with each other at some point during its evolution. Phylogenetic analyses resolved D. horneri as the most basal species, in spite of the fact that it's stratigraphically the youngest. While the authors did not completely refute the possibility that anagenesis was the main driver of Daspletosaurus evolution based on the intermediate morphological features, they also suggested that D. wilsoni may be a junior synonym of D. torosus, since there is a near lack of autapomorphic characters that can differentiate this species. They also claimed that Daspletosaurus did not evolve from Thanatotheristes, since they found no support on the basis of morphological and stratigraphical data, and that anagenesis will not be supported unequivocally due to the limited sample and nature of the fossil record which doesn't show a great degree of variation in morphology. The cladogram presented for their phylogenetic analysis is shown below.[6]
| Tyrannosaurinae |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
[edit]- ^ Yun, C.-g. (2020). "A Subadult Frontal of Daspletosaurus torosus (Theropoda: Tyrannosauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada with Implications for Tyrannosaurid Ontogeny and Taxonomy". PalArch's Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology. 17: 1–13.
- ^ Rivera-Sylva, Héctor E.; Longrich, Nicholas R. (2024). "A New Tyrant Dinosaur from the Late Campanian of Mexico Reveals a Tribe of Southern Tyrannosaurs". Fossil Studies. 2 (4): 245–272. doi:10.3390/fossils2040012.
- ^ a b Carr, Thomas D.; Varricchio, David J.; Sedlmayr, Jayc C.; Roberts, Eric M.; Moore, Jason R. (2017). "A new tyrannosaur with evidence for anagenesis and crocodile-like facial sensory system". Scientific Reports. 7: 44942. Bibcode:2017NatSR...744942C. doi:10.1038/srep44942. PMC 5372470. PMID 28358353.
- ^ a b c Voris, Jared T.; Therrien, Francois; Zelenitzky, Darla K.; Brown, Caleb M. (2020). "A new tyrannosaurine (Theropoda: Tyrannosauridae) from the Campanian Foremost Formation of Alberta, Canada, provides insight into the evolution and biogeography of tyrannosaurids". Cretaceous Research. 110: 104388. Bibcode:2020CrRes.11004388V. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104388. S2CID 213838772.
- ^ a b Warshaw, Elías A.; Fowler, Denver W. (2022). "A transitional species of Daspletosaurus Russell, 1970 from the Judith River Formation of eastern Montana". PeerJ. 10. e14461. doi:10.7717/peerj.14461. PMC 9703990. PMID 36452080.
- ^ a b Scherer, Charlie Roger; Voiculescu-Holvad, Christian (2023-11-28). "Re-analysis of a dataset refutes claims of anagenesis within Tyrannosaurus-line tyrannosaurines (Theropoda, Tyrannosauridae)". Cretaceous Research. 155 (In press): 105780. Bibcode:2024CrRes.15505780S. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105780. ISSN 0195-6671.
- ^ Holtz, T. R. (2011). "Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages, Winter 2011 Appendix" (PDF). Retrieved January 13, 2012.
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