Swiss Interbank Clearing: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Payment clearing system}} |
{{short description|Payment clearing system}} |
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The '''Swiss Interbank Clearing''' ('''SIC''') system is a mechanism for the clearing of domestic and international payments.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.snb.ch/en/mmr/reference/sic_system/source/sic_system.en.pdf|title=The Swiss Interbank Clearing (SIC) payment system|last=|first=|date=November 2019|website=Snb.ch|access-date=7 January 2020}}</ref> |
The '''Swiss Interbank Clearing''' ('''SIC''') system is a mechanism for the [[clearing (finance)|clearing]] of domestic and international payments.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.snb.ch/en/mmr/reference/sic_system/source/sic_system.en.pdf|title=The Swiss Interbank Clearing (SIC) payment system|last=|first=|date=November 2019|website=Snb.ch|access-date=7 January 2020}}</ref> |
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== History == |
== History == |
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The development of the SIC started in 1980.<ref name=":1">{{cite |
The development of the SIC started in 1980.<ref name=":1">{{cite CiteSeerX |first1=Daniel |last1=Heller |first2=Thomas |last2=Nellen |first3=Andy |last3=Sturm |title=The Swiss Interbank Clearing System |date=June 2000 |citeseerx=10.1.1.195.2655 }}</ref> Since 1987, the SIC system has been operated by [[SIX Interbank Clearing]] (100% owned by the [[SIX Group]]) on behalf of the [[Swiss National Bank]] (SNB).<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vital |first1=Christian |last2=Mengle |first2=David |title=SIC: Switzerland's New Electronic Interbank Payment System |journal=FRB Richmond Economic Review |date=1988 |volume=74 |issue=6 |pages=12–27 |ssrn=2122464 }}</ref> 12 Swiss banks participated in the launch. The SIC was one of the first [[real-time gross settlement]] system operating worldwide, following [[Clearstream|Cedel]] launched in 1970.<ref name=":1" /> |
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In 1990, different priorities were introduced. In March 1995, the system was connected to the |
In 1990, different priorities were introduced. In March 1995, the system was connected to the Secom system to reduce transaction risks. In 1996, the Swiss Stock Exchange became an [[electronic trading platform]], and the system SWX was developed to link it to the SIC. The {{clarification needed span|text=repo platform|reason=What is this?|date=October 2024}} was introduced in 1998, and the settlement of checks was launched in 2000.<ref name=":1" /> |
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In 1998, the SNB loosened the conditions to participate to the SIC, allowing non-banks to become participants. A remote access to the system was also allowed to international subsidiaries and joint-ventures. A year later, 63 out of 291 participants were not banks. 556,000 transactions were settled on an average day in 1999 (average total value of 170 billion francs).<ref name=":1" /> |
In 1998, the SNB loosened the conditions to participate to the SIC, allowing non-banks to become participants. A remote access to the system was also allowed to international subsidiaries and joint-ventures. A year later, 63 out of 291 participants were not banks. 556,000 transactions were settled on an average day in 1999 (average total value of 170 billion francs).<ref name=":1" /> |
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In 2016, the SIC developed a new [[ISO 20022]]-compliant software system for its clearing services.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/switzerland-launches-new-national-payment-system-2016-4|title=Switzerland launches new national payment system|last=Meola|first=Andrew|website=Business Insider|access-date=2020-01-07}}</ref> By 2018, the new system was rolled out to all banks in Switzerland, and further international development of the standard was planned.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.finextra.com/pressarticle/71842/swiss-banks-finish-migration-to-iso-20022|title=Swiss banks finish migration to ISO 20022|date=2017-12-06|website=Finextra Research|language=en|access-date=2020-01-07}}</ref> |
In 2016, the SIC developed a new [[ISO 20022]]-compliant software system for its clearing services.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/switzerland-launches-new-national-payment-system-2016-4|title=Switzerland launches new national payment system|last=Meola|first=Andrew|website=Business Insider|access-date=2020-01-07}}</ref> By 2018, the new system was rolled out to all banks in Switzerland, and further international development of the standard was planned.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.finextra.com/pressarticle/71842/swiss-banks-finish-migration-to-iso-20022|title=Swiss banks finish migration to ISO 20022|date=2017-12-06|website=Finextra Research|language=en|access-date=2020-01-07}}</ref> |
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In 2019, the Swiss National Bank launched a new service to clear [[digital currency]] transactions, and developed its own [[blockchain]]-based digital currency to make this service interoperable with the SIC. The service, which aims to incorporate virtual central bank funds into a [[distributed ledger]] technology, was first launched in Switzerland, Singapore and Hong Kong.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.finextra.com/newsarticle/34545/swiss-national-bank-and-bis-use-innovation-hub-to-explore-digital-central-bank-money-and-dlt|title=Swiss National Bank and BIS use innovation hub to explore digital central bank money and DLT|date=2019-10-08|website=Finextra Research|language=en |
In 2019, the Swiss National Bank launched a new service to clear [[digital currency]] transactions, and developed its own [[blockchain]]-based digital currency to make this service interoperable with the SIC. The service, which aims to incorporate virtual central bank funds into a [[distributed ledger]] technology, was first launched in Switzerland, Singapore and Hong Kong.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.finextra.com/newsarticle/34545/swiss-national-bank-and-bis-use-innovation-hub-to-explore-digital-central-bank-money-and-dlt|title=Swiss National Bank and BIS use innovation hub to explore digital central bank money and DLT|date=2019-10-08|website=Finextra Research|language=en|access-date=2020-01-07}}</ref> [[Financial technology|Fintech]] startups have access to this service if they have a legal fintech licence and a business model that revolves around payments.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.finews.com/news/english-news/35931-the-snb-and-the-swiss-fintech-setting|title=SNB Opens Itself to Fintech|date=2019-03-28|website=finews.com|language=en-gb|access-date=2020-01-07}}</ref> |
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== Description == |
== Description == |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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*[[SIX Interbank Clearing |
* [[SIX Interbank Clearing]] |
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*[[Swiss |
* [[Swiss Euro Clearing Bank]] |
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* [[Swiss National Bank]] |
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*[[Clearing house (finance) |
* [[Clearing house (finance)]] |
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== References == |
== References == |
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Latest revision as of 21:08, 25 December 2024
The Swiss Interbank Clearing (SIC) system is a mechanism for the clearing of domestic and international payments.[1]
History
[edit]The development of the SIC started in 1980.[2] Since 1987, the SIC system has been operated by SIX Interbank Clearing (100% owned by the SIX Group) on behalf of the Swiss National Bank (SNB).[1][3] 12 Swiss banks participated in the launch. The SIC was one of the first real-time gross settlement system operating worldwide, following Cedel launched in 1970.[2]
In 1990, different priorities were introduced. In March 1995, the system was connected to the Secom system to reduce transaction risks. In 1996, the Swiss Stock Exchange became an electronic trading platform, and the system SWX was developed to link it to the SIC. The repo platform[clarify] was introduced in 1998, and the settlement of checks was launched in 2000.[2]
In 1998, the SNB loosened the conditions to participate to the SIC, allowing non-banks to become participants. A remote access to the system was also allowed to international subsidiaries and joint-ventures. A year later, 63 out of 291 participants were not banks. 556,000 transactions were settled on an average day in 1999 (average total value of 170 billion francs).[2]
In 2016, the SIC developed a new ISO 20022-compliant software system for its clearing services.[4] By 2018, the new system was rolled out to all banks in Switzerland, and further international development of the standard was planned.[5]
In 2019, the Swiss National Bank launched a new service to clear digital currency transactions, and developed its own blockchain-based digital currency to make this service interoperable with the SIC. The service, which aims to incorporate virtual central bank funds into a distributed ledger technology, was first launched in Switzerland, Singapore and Hong Kong.[6] Fintech startups have access to this service if they have a legal fintech licence and a business model that revolves around payments.[7]
Description
[edit]By 2018, 325 financial institutions (national and international) participated in the SIC. The system processes an average of 2.4 million transactions every day with an average daily total value of CHF 156 billion. The majority of cashless transactions in Switzerland are settled through the SIC.[1]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c "The Swiss Interbank Clearing (SIC) payment system" (PDF). Snb.ch. November 2019. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
- ^ a b c d Heller, Daniel; Nellen, Thomas; Sturm, Andy (June 2000). "The Swiss Interbank Clearing System". CiteSeerX 10.1.1.195.2655.
- ^ Vital, Christian; Mengle, David (1988). "SIC: Switzerland's New Electronic Interbank Payment System". FRB Richmond Economic Review. 74 (6): 12–27. SSRN 2122464.
- ^ Meola, Andrew. "Switzerland launches new national payment system". Business Insider. Retrieved 2020-01-07.
- ^ "Swiss banks finish migration to ISO 20022". Finextra Research. 2017-12-06. Retrieved 2020-01-07.
- ^ "Swiss National Bank and BIS use innovation hub to explore digital central bank money and DLT". Finextra Research. 2019-10-08. Retrieved 2020-01-07.
- ^ "SNB Opens Itself to Fintech". finews.com. 2019-03-28. Retrieved 2020-01-07.
External links
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