Sviatopolk II of Kiev: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Grand Prince of Kiev from 1093 to 1113}} |
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{{Infobox royalty |
{{Infobox royalty |
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|name = Sviatopolk II |
|name = Sviatopolk II |
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|title = |
|title = |
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|caption = |
|caption = |
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|succession = [[Grand Prince of Kiev]] |
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|reign = 1093–1113 |
|reign = 1093–1113 |
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|coronation = |
|coronation = |
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|predecessor = [[Vsevolod Iaroslavich|Vsevolod I]] |
|predecessor = [[Vsevolod Iaroslavich|Vsevolod I]] |
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|successor = [[Vladimir II Monomakh|Vladimir II]] |
|successor = [[Vladimir II Monomakh|Vladimir II]] |
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|succession1 = Prince of |
|succession1 = [[Prince of Novgorod]] |
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|reign1 = 1078–1088 |
|reign1 = 1078–1088 |
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|succession2 = [[Prince of Turov]] |
|succession2 = [[Prince of Turov]] |
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|reign2 = 1088–1093 |
|reign2 = 1088–1093 |
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|full name = Sviatopolk Iziaslavovich (Mikhail) |
|full name = Sviatopolk Iziaslavovich (Mikhail) |
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|spouse = Barbara (?), a Bohemian princess (daughter of [[Spytihnev II, Duke of Bohemia|Spytihnev II]] ?), <br> Cuman princess Olena ([[Turkogan]]) |
|spouse = Barbara (?), a Bohemian princess (daughter of [[Spytihnev II, Duke of Bohemia|Spytihnev II]] ?), <br/> Cuman princess Olena ([[Turkogan]]) |
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|issue = ''Out of wedlock:''<br>Mstislav<br>'' |
|issue = ''Out of wedlock:''<br/>Mstislav<br/>'' |
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By his first wife:''<br> [[Iaroslav Sviatopolkovich|Iaroslav]]<br>[[Zbyslava of Kiev|Zbyslava]]<br>[[Predslava of Kiev|Predslava]]<br> |
By his first wife:''<br/> [[Iaroslav Sviatopolkovich|Iaroslav]]<br/>[[Zbyslava of Kiev|Zbyslava]]<br/>[[Predslava of Kiev|Predslava]]<br/> |
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''By his second wife:''<br>Anna<br>Maria<br>Bryachislav<br> |
''By his second wife:''<br/>Anna<br/>Maria<br/>Bryachislav<br/>Iziaslav |
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|house = [[ |
|house = [[Rurikids|Rurik]] |
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|house-type=Dynasty |
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|father = [[Iziaslav I of Kiev|Iziaslav I]] |
|father = [[Iziaslav I of Kiev|Iziaslav I]] |
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|birth_date = November 8, 1050 |
|birth_date = November 8, 1050 |
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|birth_place = |
|birth_place = |
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|death_date = {{death date and age|1113|4|16|1050|11|8}} |
|death_date = {{death date and age|1113|4|16|1050|11|8}} |
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|death_place = [[ |
|death_place = [[Vyshgorod]] |
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|burial_date = |
|burial_date = |
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|burial_place = [[St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery|Golden-Roof Abbey]], [[Kiev]] |
|burial_place = [[St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery|Golden-Roof Abbey]], [[Kiev]] |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Sviatopolk II Iziaslavich''' ({{ |
'''Sviatopolk II Iziaslavich''' ({{langx|orv|Свѧтополкъ Изѧславичь|Svętopolkǐ Izęslavičǐ}};{{efn|{{langx|ru|Святополк Изяславич|Svyatopolk Iziaslavich}}; {{langx|uk|Святополк Ізяславич|Sviatopolk Iziaslavych}}}} November 8, 1050 – April 16, 1113) was [[Grand Prince of Kiev]] from 1093 to 1113.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Morby |first1=John E. |title=Dynasties of the world: a chronological and genealogical handbook |date=2002 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=9780198604730 |page=167}}</ref> He was not a popular prince, and his reign was marked by incessant rivalry with his cousin [[Vladimir Monomakh]]. |
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==Early life== |
==Early life== |
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{{unreferenced section|date=April 2024}} |
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Sviatopolk was the son of [[Iziaslav I of Kiev|Iziaslav Iaroslavich]] by his concubine |
Sviatopolk was the son of [[Iziaslav I of Kiev|Iziaslav Iaroslavich]] by his concubine. During his brother [[Yaropolk Iziaslavich|Iaropolk]]'s life, Sviatopolk was not regarded as a potential claimant to the throne of [[Kiev]]. In 1069 he was sent to [[Polotsk]], a city briefly taken by his father from the local ruler [[Vseslav of Polotsk|Vseslav]], and then he spent ten years (1078–88) ruling [[Novgorod]]. Upon his brother's death he succeeded him in [[Turaŭ|Turov]], which would remain in possession of [[Ostrogski|his descendants]] until the 17th century. |
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==Reign== |
==Reign== |
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[[Image:Michael of salonica.jpg|thumb|[[Mosaic]] of [[St. Demetrius]] was installed by Sviatopolk in the Kievan [[St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery]] to glorify the patron saint of his father.]] |
[[Image:Michael of salonica.jpg|thumb|[[Mosaic]] of [[St. Demetrius]] was installed by Sviatopolk in the Kievan [[St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery]] to glorify the patron saint of his father.]] |
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When [[Vsevolod Iaroslavich]] died in 1093, Sviatopolk was acknowledged by other princes as the senior son of |
When [[Vsevolod Iaroslavich]] died in 1093, Sviatopolk was acknowledged by other princes as the senior son of the grand prince and permitted to ascend the Kievan throne. Although he participated in the princely congresses organized by Vladimir Monomakh, he is sometimes charged with encouraging internecine wars among Rurikid princes. For instance, he sided with his cousin David of [[Volhynia]] and his son-in-law [[Bolesław III Wrymouth]] in capturing and blinding one of the [[Halych|Galician]] princes.{{sfn|Vernadsky|1976|p=90}} He also sided with Vladimir Monomakh in several campaigns against the [[Kipchaks]] but was defeated in the [[Battle of the Stugna River]] (1093).{{sfn|Franklin|Shepard|2013|p=272}} Later that year, Sviatopolk was again defeated when faced with the Kipchaks,{{sfn|Franklin|Shepard|2013|p=272}} whereupon the latter destroyed Torchesk, an Oghuz Turk settlement.{{sfn|Franklin|Shepard|2013|p=272}} |
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In 1096, in an attempt to force [[Oleg I of Chernigov]] into a Rus compact, Sviatopolk left his lands undefended.{{sfn|Franklin|Shepard|2013|p=272-273}} His father-in-law, Tugorkhan, raided |
In 1096, in an attempt to force [[Oleg I of Chernigov]] into a Rus compact, Sviatopolk left his lands undefended.{{sfn|Franklin|Shepard|2013|p=272-273}} His father-in-law, Tugorkhan, raided [[Pereiaslav|Pereyaslavl]], while [[Boniak]], a [[Cumans|Cuman]] khan, raided as far as Kiev, destroying [[Berestovo]] and sacking the three monasteries of Klov, Vydubichi, and [[Kiev Pechersk Lavra|the Kiev Monastery of the Caves]].{{sfn|Franklin|Shepard|2013|p=272-273}} Tugorkhan was killed during his raid on Pereiaslavl, and so Sviatopolk had him buried in Kiev.{{sfn|Raffensperger|2012|p=78-79}} |
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In 1111, Sviatopolk, alongside [[Vladimir II of Kiev|Vladimir II]], led an army at the {{ill|Battle of the Salnytsia River|uk|Битва на Сальниці}}, where they defeated a Cuman army on the {{ill|Salnytsia (river)|lt=Salnytsia|ru|Сальница (летописная река)}} river. The site of this battle is probably at modern-day [[Izium]].<ref name=ssr1>{{Cite web |title=Ізюм, Ізюмський район, Харківська область |url=https://ukrssr.com.ua/khark/izyumskiy/izyum-izyumskiy |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=Історія міст і сіл Української РСР |language=uk}}</ref> |
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⚫ | Sviatopolk's [[Christian name]] was Michael, so he encouraged embellishment of St Michael's Abbey in Kiev, which has been known as the ''[[St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery|Golden-Roofed]]'' up to the present. The history now known as ''the [[Primary Chronicle]]'' was compiled by the [[Nestor the Chronicler| |
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⚫ | Sviatopolk's [[Christian name]] was Michael, so he encouraged embellishment of St Michael's Abbey in Kiev, which has been known as the ''[[St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery|Golden-Roofed]]'' up to the present. The history now known as ''the [[Primary Chronicle]]'' was compiled by the monk [[Nestor the Chronicler|Nestor]] during Sviatopolk's reign. |
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==Marriage and children== |
==Marriage and children== |
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# [[Zbyslava of Kiev|Zbyslava]], married to king [[Boleslaw III of Poland]] on November 15, 1102. |
# [[Zbyslava of Kiev|Zbyslava]], married to king [[Boleslaw III of Poland]] on November 15, 1102. |
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# [[Predslava of Kiev|Predslava]], married to [[Prince Álmos]] of Hungary on August 21, 1104. Her fate is less known. |
# [[Predslava of Kiev|Predslava]], married to [[Prince Álmos]] of Hungary on August 21, 1104. Her fate is less known. |
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# [[Iaroslav Sviatopolkovich|Iaroslav]] (died 1123), Prince of [[Volynia]] and Turov was married three times - to the Hungarian-Polish Sophia (daughter of [[Władysław I Herman]] and his second wife [[Judith of Swabia]]), and Kievan princesses. In consequence of Iaroslav's early death, his descendants forfeited any right to the Kievan throne and had to content themselves with [[Turaŭ|Turov]] and [[Pinsk]]. |
# [[Iaroslav Sviatopolkovich|Iaroslav]] (died 1123), Prince of [[Volynia]] and Turov was married three times - to the Hungarian-Polish Sophia (daughter of [[Władysław I Herman]] and his second wife [[Judith of Swabia]]), and Kievan princesses. In consequence of Iaroslav's early death, his descendants forfeited any right to the Kievan throne and had to content themselves with [[Turaŭ|Turov]] and [[Pinsk]]. |
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Secondly, in 1094 Sviatopolk married a daughter of Tugorkhan of the [[Kypchaks]], Olena.{{sfn|Dmytryshyn|2000|p=61}} They had four children: |
Secondly, in 1094 Sviatopolk married a daughter of Tugorkhan of the [[Kypchaks]], Olena.{{sfn|Dmytryshyn|2000|p=61}} They had four children: |
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# Maria, married [[Piotr Włostowic]], castellan of [[Wroclaw]] and Polish palatine. |
# Maria, married [[Piotr Włostowic]], castellan of [[Wroclaw]] and Polish palatine. |
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# Bryachislav (1104–1127), possibly dethroned Iaroslav as the [[Prince of Turov]] (1118–1123) in 1118. |
# Bryachislav (1104–1127), possibly dethroned Iaroslav as the [[Prince of Turov]] (1118–1123) in 1118. |
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# |
# Iziaslav (died 1127), possibly the [[Prince of Turov]] in 1123. |
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In 1104, Sviatopolk would marry for a third time to [[Barbara Komnena]].{{sfn|Vernadsky|1976|p=351}} |
In 1104, Sviatopolk would marry for a third time to [[Barbara Komnena]].{{sfn|Vernadsky|1976|p=351}} |
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Some sources claim Sviatopolk had an out-of-wedlock son, Mstislav, who ruled [[Novgorod- |
Some sources claim Sviatopolk had an out-of-wedlock son, Mstislav, who ruled [[Novgorod-Seversk]] from 1095 to 1097 and later Volyn (1097–1099). Mstislav later was murdered in Volodymyr-Volynski. |
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==Notes== |
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{{notelist}} |
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* [[List of Ukrainian rulers]] |
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*[[List of Russian rulers]] |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist|2}} |
{{Reflist|2}} |
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==Sources== |
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*{{cite book |last=Dmytryshyn |first=Basil |title= Medieval Russia: A Source Book, 850-1700 |publisher=Academic International Press |year=2000 }} |
*{{cite book |last=Dmytryshyn |first=Basil |title= Medieval Russia: A Source Book, 850-1700 |publisher=Academic International Press |year=2000 }} |
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*{{cite book |title=The Emergence of Rus 750-1200 |first1=Simon |last1=Franklin |first2=Jonathan |last2=Shepard |publisher=Routledge |year=2013 }} |
*{{cite book |title=The Emergence of Rus 750-1200 |first1=Simon |last1=Franklin |first2=Jonathan |last2=Shepard |publisher=Routledge |year=2013 }} |
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{{s-start}} |
{{s-start}} |
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{{s-hou| |
{{s-hou|[[Rurikids|Rurik]]||1050||1113||name=Sviatopolk II Iziaslavich}} |
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{{s-reg}} |
{{s-reg}} |
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{{s-bef|before=[[Mstislav Iziaslavich]]}} |
{{s-bef|before=[[Mstislav Iziaslavich]]}} |
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Prince of Novgorod]]|years=1078–1088}} |
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prince of Novgorod]]|years=1078–1088}} |
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{{s-aft|after=[[Mstislav Vladimirovich]]}} |
{{s-aft|after=[[Mstislav Vladimirovich]]}} |
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{{s-bef|before=[[Yaropolk |
{{s-bef|before=[[Yaropolk Iziaslavich]]}} |
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Prince of Turov]]|years=1088–1093}} |
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prince of Turov]]|years=1088–1093}} |
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{{s-aft|after=[[Viacheslav Iaropolkovich]]}} |
{{s-aft|after=[[Viacheslav Iaropolkovich]]}} |
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[[Category:1050 births]] |
[[Category:1050 births]] |
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[[Category:1113 deaths]] |
[[Category:1113 deaths]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Family of Vladimir the Great]] |
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[[Category:Princes of Polotsk]] |
[[Category:Princes of Polotsk]] |
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[[Category:Princes of Novgorod]] |
[[Category:Princes of Novgorod]] |
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[[Category:Princes of Turov]] |
[[Category:Princes of Turov]] |
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[[Category:Grand |
[[Category:Grand princes of Kiev]] |
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[[Category:11th-century princes |
[[Category:11th-century princes from Kievan Rus']] |
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[[Category:12th-century princes |
[[Category:12th-century princes from Kievan Rus']] |
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[[Category:Eastern Orthodox monarchs]] |
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[[Category:Izyaslavichi family (Polotsk)]] |
Latest revision as of 05:09, 26 December 2024
Sviatopolk II | |||||
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Grand Prince of Kiev | |||||
Reign | 1093–1113 | ||||
Predecessor | Vsevolod I | ||||
Successor | Vladimir II | ||||
Prince of Novgorod | |||||
Reign | 1078–1088 | ||||
Prince of Turov | |||||
Reign | 1088–1093 | ||||
Born | November 8, 1050 | ||||
Died | April 16, 1113 Vyshgorod | (aged 62)||||
Burial | |||||
Spouse | Barbara (?), a Bohemian princess (daughter of Spytihnev II ?), Cuman princess Olena (Turkogan) | ||||
Issue | Out of wedlock: Mstislav By his first wife: Anna Maria Bryachislav Iziaslav | ||||
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House | Rurik | ||||
Father | Iziaslav I |
Sviatopolk II Iziaslavich (Old East Slavic: Свѧтополкъ Изѧславичь, romanized: Svętopolkǐ Izęslavičǐ;[a] November 8, 1050 – April 16, 1113) was Grand Prince of Kiev from 1093 to 1113.[1] He was not a popular prince, and his reign was marked by incessant rivalry with his cousin Vladimir Monomakh.
Early life
[edit]Sviatopolk was the son of Iziaslav Iaroslavich by his concubine. During his brother Iaropolk's life, Sviatopolk was not regarded as a potential claimant to the throne of Kiev. In 1069 he was sent to Polotsk, a city briefly taken by his father from the local ruler Vseslav, and then he spent ten years (1078–88) ruling Novgorod. Upon his brother's death he succeeded him in Turov, which would remain in possession of his descendants until the 17th century.
Reign
[edit]When Vsevolod Iaroslavich died in 1093, Sviatopolk was acknowledged by other princes as the senior son of the grand prince and permitted to ascend the Kievan throne. Although he participated in the princely congresses organized by Vladimir Monomakh, he is sometimes charged with encouraging internecine wars among Rurikid princes. For instance, he sided with his cousin David of Volhynia and his son-in-law Bolesław III Wrymouth in capturing and blinding one of the Galician princes.[2] He also sided with Vladimir Monomakh in several campaigns against the Kipchaks but was defeated in the Battle of the Stugna River (1093).[3] Later that year, Sviatopolk was again defeated when faced with the Kipchaks,[3] whereupon the latter destroyed Torchesk, an Oghuz Turk settlement.[3]
In 1096, in an attempt to force Oleg I of Chernigov into a Rus compact, Sviatopolk left his lands undefended.[4] His father-in-law, Tugorkhan, raided Pereyaslavl, while Boniak, a Cuman khan, raided as far as Kiev, destroying Berestovo and sacking the three monasteries of Klov, Vydubichi, and the Kiev Monastery of the Caves.[4] Tugorkhan was killed during his raid on Pereiaslavl, and so Sviatopolk had him buried in Kiev.[5]
In 1111, Sviatopolk, alongside Vladimir II, led an army at the Battle of the Salnytsia River , where they defeated a Cuman army on the Salnytsia river. The site of this battle is probably at modern-day Izium.[6]
Sviatopolk's Christian name was Michael, so he encouraged embellishment of St Michael's Abbey in Kiev, which has been known as the Golden-Roofed up to the present. The history now known as the Primary Chronicle was compiled by the monk Nestor during Sviatopolk's reign.
Marriage and children
[edit]Sviatopolk married firstly a Bohemian princess (Přemyslid dynasty), probably a daughter of Duke Spytihněv II. They had three children:
- Zbyslava, married to king Boleslaw III of Poland on November 15, 1102.
- Predslava, married to Prince Álmos of Hungary on August 21, 1104. Her fate is less known.
- Iaroslav (died 1123), Prince of Volynia and Turov was married three times - to the Hungarian-Polish Sophia (daughter of Władysław I Herman and his second wife Judith of Swabia), and Kievan princesses. In consequence of Iaroslav's early death, his descendants forfeited any right to the Kievan throne and had to content themselves with Turov and Pinsk.
Secondly, in 1094 Sviatopolk married a daughter of Tugorkhan of the Kypchaks, Olena.[7] They had four children:
- Anna (died 1136), married to Sviatoslav Davydych from Chernihiv who took monastic vows upon her death and later became Saint Nikolai Svyatoslav Davydych of Chernihiv.
- Maria, married Piotr Włostowic, castellan of Wroclaw and Polish palatine.
- Bryachislav (1104–1127), possibly dethroned Iaroslav as the Prince of Turov (1118–1123) in 1118.
- Iziaslav (died 1127), possibly the Prince of Turov in 1123.
In 1104, Sviatopolk would marry for a third time to Barbara Komnena.[8]
Some sources claim Sviatopolk had an out-of-wedlock son, Mstislav, who ruled Novgorod-Seversk from 1095 to 1097 and later Volyn (1097–1099). Mstislav later was murdered in Volodymyr-Volynski.
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Morby, John E. (2002). Dynasties of the world: a chronological and genealogical handbook. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 167. ISBN 9780198604730.
- ^ Vernadsky 1976, p. 90.
- ^ a b c Franklin & Shepard 2013, p. 272.
- ^ a b Franklin & Shepard 2013, p. 272-273.
- ^ Raffensperger 2012, p. 78-79.
- ^ "Ізюм, Ізюмський район, Харківська область". Історія міст і сіл Української РСР (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2023-10-25.
- ^ Dmytryshyn 2000, p. 61.
- ^ Vernadsky 1976, p. 351.
Sources
[edit]- Dmytryshyn, Basil (2000). Medieval Russia: A Source Book, 850-1700. Academic International Press.
- Franklin, Simon; Shepard, Jonathan (2013). The Emergence of Rus 750-1200. Routledge.
- Raffensperger, Christian (2012). Reimagining Europe. Harvard University Press.
- Vernadsky, George (1976). Kievan Russia. Yale University Press.