Sviatopolk II of Kiev: Difference between revisions

Names
	Sviatopolk Iziaslavovich (Mikhail)

Sviatopolk II
Sviatopolk II
Grand Prince of Kiev
Reign	1093–1113
Predecessor	Vsevolod I
Successor	Vladimir II
Prince of Novgorod
Reign	1078–1088
Prince of Turov
Reign	1088–1093
Born	November 8, 1050
Died	April 16, 1113 (aged 62); Vyshgorod
Burial	Golden-Roof Abbey, Kiev
Spouse	Barbara (?), a Bohemian princess (daughter of Spytihnev II ?), ; Cuman princess Olena (Turkogan)
Issue	Out of wedlock:; Mstislav; By his first wife:; Iaroslav; Zbyslava; Predslava; By his second wife:; Anna; Maria; Bryachislav; Iziaslav
Names
Names
	Sviatopolk Iziaslavovich (Mikhail)
House	Rurik
Father	Iziaslav I

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Sviatopolk II Iziaslavich (Old East Slavic: Свѧтополкъ Изѧславичь, romanized: Svętopolkǐ Izęslavičǐ;^[a] November 8, 1050 – April 16, 1113) was Grand Prince of Kiev from 1093 to 1113.^[1] He was not a popular prince, and his reign was marked by incessant rivalry with his cousin Vladimir Monomakh.

Early life

Sviatopolk was the son of Iziaslav Iaroslavich by his concubine. During his brother Iaropolk's life, Sviatopolk was not regarded as a potential claimant to the throne of Kiev. In 1069 he was sent to Polotsk, a city briefly taken by his father from the local ruler Vseslav, and then he spent ten years (1078–88) ruling Novgorod. Upon his brother's death he succeeded him in Turov, which would remain in possession of his descendants until the 17th century.

Reign

When Vsevolod Iaroslavich died in 1093, Sviatopolk was acknowledged by other princes as the senior son of the grand prince and permitted to ascend the Kievan throne. Although he participated in the princely congresses organized by Vladimir Monomakh, he is sometimes charged with encouraging internecine wars among Rurikid princes. For instance, he sided with his cousin David of Volhynia and his son-in-law Bolesław III Wrymouth in capturing and blinding one of the Galician princes.^[2] He also sided with Vladimir Monomakh in several campaigns against the Kipchaks but was defeated in the Battle of the Stugna River (1093).^[3] Later that year, Sviatopolk was again defeated when faced with the Kipchaks,^[3] whereupon the latter destroyed Torchesk, an Oghuz Turk settlement.^[3]

In 1096, in an attempt to force Oleg I of Chernigov into a Rus compact, Sviatopolk left his lands undefended.^[4] His father-in-law, Tugorkhan, raided Pereyaslavl, while Boniak, a Cuman khan, raided as far as Kiev, destroying Berestovo and sacking the three monasteries of Klov, Vydubichi, and the Kiev Monastery of the Caves.^[4] Tugorkhan was killed during his raid on Pereiaslavl, and so Sviatopolk had him buried in Kiev.^[5]

In 1111, Sviatopolk, alongside Vladimir II, led an army at the Battle of the Salnytsia River [uk], where they defeated a Cuman army on the Salnytsia [ru] river. The site of this battle is probably at modern-day Izium.^[6]

Sviatopolk's Christian name was Michael, so he encouraged embellishment of St Michael's Abbey in Kiev, which has been known as the Golden-Roofed up to the present. The history now known as the Primary Chronicle was compiled by the monk Nestor during Sviatopolk's reign.

Marriage and children

Sviatopolk married firstly a Bohemian princess (Přemyslid dynasty), probably a daughter of Duke Spytihněv II. They had three children:

Zbyslava, married to king Boleslaw III of Poland on November 15, 1102.
Predslava, married to Prince Álmos of Hungary on August 21, 1104. Her fate is less known.
Iaroslav (died 1123), Prince of Volynia and Turov was married three times - to the Hungarian-Polish Sophia (daughter of Władysław I Herman and his second wife Judith of Swabia), and Kievan princesses. In consequence of Iaroslav's early death, his descendants forfeited any right to the Kievan throne and had to content themselves with Turov and Pinsk.

Secondly, in 1094 Sviatopolk married a daughter of Tugorkhan of the Kypchaks, Olena.^[7] They had four children:

Anna (died 1136), married to Sviatoslav Davydych from Chernihiv who took monastic vows upon her death and later became Saint Nikolai Svyatoslav Davydych of Chernihiv.
Maria, married Piotr Włostowic, castellan of Wroclaw and Polish palatine.
Bryachislav (1104–1127), possibly dethroned Iaroslav as the Prince of Turov (1118–1123) in 1118.
Iziaslav (died 1127), possibly the Prince of Turov in 1123.

In 1104, Sviatopolk would marry for a third time to Barbara Komnena.^[8]

Some sources claim Sviatopolk had an out-of-wedlock son, Mstislav, who ruled Novgorod-Seversk from 1095 to 1097 and later Volyn (1097–1099). Mstislav later was murdered in Volodymyr-Volynski.

Notes

^ Russian: Святополк Изяславич, romanized: Svyatopolk Iziaslavich; Ukrainian: Святополк Ізяславич, romanized: Sviatopolk Iziaslavych

References

^ Morby, John E. (2002). Dynasties of the world: a chronological and genealogical handbook. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 167. ISBN 9780198604730.
^ Vernadsky 1976, p. 90.
^ ^a ^b ^c Franklin & Shepard 2013, p. 272.
^ ^a ^b Franklin & Shepard 2013, p. 272-273.
^ Raffensperger 2012, p. 78-79.
^ "Ізюм, Ізюмський район, Харківська область". Історія міст і сіл Української РСР (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2023-10-25.
^ Dmytryshyn 2000, p. 61.
^ Vernadsky 1976, p. 351.

Sources

Dmytryshyn, Basil (2000). Medieval Russia: A Source Book, 850-1700. Academic International Press.
Franklin, Simon; Shepard, Jonathan (2013). The Emergence of Rus 750-1200. Routledge.
Raffensperger, Christian (2012). Reimagining Europe. Harvard University Press.
Vernadsky, George (1976). Kievan Russia. Yale University Press.

External links

Detailed biography

Regnal titles
Sviatopolk II Iziaslavich Rurik Born: 1050 Died: 1113
Preceded by Mstislav Iziaslavich	Prince of Polotsk 1069–1071	Succeeded by Vseslav Briacheslavich
Preceded by Gleb Sviatoslavich	Prince of Novgorod 1078–1088	Succeeded by Mstislav Vladimirovich
Preceded by Yaropolk Iziaslavich	Prince of Turov 1088–1093	Succeeded by Viacheslav Iaropolkovich
Preceded by Vsevolod I	Grand Prince of Kiev 1093–1113	Succeeded by Vladimir II Monomakh

[1] Russian: Святополк Изяславич, romanized: Svyatopolk Iziaslavich; Ukrainian: Святополк Ізяславич, romanized: Sviatopolk Iziaslavych

[2] Morby, John E. (2002). Dynasties of the world: a chronological and genealogical handbook. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 167. ISBN 9780198604730.

[FOOTNOTEVernadsky197690-3] Vernadsky 1976, p. 90.

[FOOTNOTEFranklinShepard2013272-4] Franklin & Shepard 2013, p. 272.

[FOOTNOTEFranklinShepard2013272-273-5] Franklin & Shepard 2013, p. 272-273.

[FOOTNOTERaffensperger201278-79-6] Raffensperger 2012, p. 78-79.

[ssr1-7] "Ізюм, Ізюмський район, Харківська область". Історія міст і сіл Української РСР (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2023-10-25.

[FOOTNOTEDmytryshyn200061-8] Dmytryshyn 2000, p. 61.

[FOOTNOTEVernadsky1976351-9] Vernadsky 1976, p. 351.

[a]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Grand Prince of Kiev from 1093 to 1113}}
 {{Infobox royalty
 |name          = Sviatopolk II
-|title         = Grand Prince of Kiev
+|title         =
-|image         = File:Congress in Dolobsk 1103.jpg
 |caption       =
+|succession    = [[Grand Prince of Kiev]]
 |reign         = 1093–1113
 |coronation    =
 |predecessor   = [[Vsevolod Iaroslavich|Vsevolod I]]
 |successor     = [[Vladimir II Monomakh|Vladimir II]]
-|succession1   = Prince of [[Novgorod]]
+|succession1   = [[Prince of Novgorod]]
 |reign1        = 1078–1088
 |succession2   = [[Prince of Turov]]
 |reign2        = 1088–1093
 |full name     = Sviatopolk Iziaslavovich (Mikhail)
-|spouse        = a Bohemian princess (daughter of [[Spytihnev II, Duke of Bohemia|Spytihnev II]] ?), <br> Cuman princess Olena ([[Turkogan]])
+|spouse        = Barbara (?), a Bohemian princess (daughter of [[Spytihnev II, Duke of Bohemia|Spytihnev II]] ?), <br/> Cuman princess Olena ([[Turkogan]])
-|issue         = ''Out of wedlock:''<br>Mstislav<br>''
+|issue         = ''Out of wedlock:''<br/>Mstislav<br/>''
-By his first wife:''<br> [[Iaroslav Sviatopolkovich|Iaroslav]]<br>[[Zbyslava of Kiev|Zbyslava]]<br>[[Predslava of Kiev|Predslava]]<br>
+By his first wife:''<br/> [[Iaroslav Sviatopolkovich|Iaroslav]]<br/>[[Zbyslava of Kiev|Zbyslava]]<br/>[[Predslava of Kiev|Predslava]]<br/>
-''By his second wife:''<br>Anna<br>Maria<br>Bryachislav<br>Izyaslav
+''By his second wife:''<br/>Anna<br/>Maria<br/>Bryachislav<br/>Iziaslav
-|house        = [[Rurik dynasty|Rurikid]]
+|house        = [[Rurikids|Rurik]]
-|house-type=Dynasty
 |father       = [[Iziaslav I of Kiev|Iziaslav I]]
 |birth_date   = November 8, 1050
 |birth_place  =
 |death_date   = {{death date and age|1113|4|16|1050|11|8}}
-|death_place  = [[Vyshhorod]]
+|death_place  = [[Vyshgorod]]
 |burial_date  =
 |burial_place = [[St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery|Golden-Roof Abbey]], [[Kiev]]
 }}
-'''Sviatopolk II Iziaslavich''' ({{lang-ru|Святополк Изяславич}}; November 8, 1050 – April 16, 1113) was supreme ruler of the [[Kievan Rus]] for 20 years, from 1093 to 1113. He was not a popular prince, and his reign was marked by incessant rivalry with his cousin [[Vladimir Monomakh]].
+'''Sviatopolk II Iziaslavich''' ({{langx|orv|Свѧтополкъ Изѧславичь|Svętopolkǐ Izęslavičǐ}};{{efn|{{langx|ru|Святополк Изяславич|Svyatopolk Iziaslavich}}; {{langx|uk|Святополк Ізяславич|Sviatopolk Iziaslavych}}}} November 8, 1050 – April 16, 1113) was [[Grand Prince of Kiev]] from 1093 to 1113.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Morby |first1=John E. |title=Dynasties of the world: a chronological and genealogical handbook |date=2002 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=9780198604730 |page=167}}</ref> He was not a popular prince, and his reign was marked by incessant rivalry with his cousin [[Vladimir Monomakh]].
 ==Early life==
+{{unreferenced section|date=April 2024}}
-Sviatopolk was the son of [[Iziaslav I of Kiev|Iziaslav Iaroslavich]] by his concubine. Sviatopolk's Christian name was Michael. During his brother [[Yaropolk Izyaslavich|Iaropolk]]'s life, Sviatopolk was not regarded as a potential claimant to the Kievan throne. In 1069 he was sent to [[Polotsk]], a city briefly taken by his father from the local ruler [[Vseslav of Polotsk|Vseslav]], and then he spent ten years (1078–88) ruling [[Novgorod]]. Upon his brother's death he succeeded him in [[Turaŭ|Turov]], which would remain in possession of [[Ostrogski|his descendants]] until the 17th century.
+Sviatopolk was the son of [[Iziaslav I of Kiev|Iziaslav Iaroslavich]] by his concubine. During his brother [[Yaropolk Iziaslavich|Iaropolk]]'s life, Sviatopolk was not regarded as a potential claimant to the throne of [[Kiev]]. In 1069 he was sent to [[Polotsk]], a city briefly taken by his father from the local ruler [[Vseslav of Polotsk|Vseslav]], and then he spent ten years (1078–88) ruling [[Novgorod]]. Upon his brother's death he succeeded him in [[Turaŭ|Turov]], which would remain in possession of [[Ostrogski|his descendants]] until the 17th century.
 ==Reign==
 [[Image:Michael of salonica.jpg|thumb|[[Mosaic]] of [[St. Demetrius]] was installed by Sviatopolk in the Kievan [[St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery]] to glorify the patron saint of his father.]]
-When [[Vsevolod Iaroslavich]] died in 1093, Sviatopolk was acknowledged by other princes as the senior son of [[Veliki Kniaz]] and permitted to ascend the Kievan throne. Although he participated in the princely congresses organized by [[Vladimir Monomakh]], he is sometimes charged with encouraging internecine wars among Rurikid princes. For instance, he sided with his cousin David of [[Volhynia]] and his son-in-law [[Bolesław III Wrymouth]] in capturing and blinding one of the [[Halych|Galician]] princes.{{sfn|Vernadsky|1976|p=90}} He also sided with [[Vladimir Monomakh]] in several campaigns against the [[Kypchaks]] but was defeated in the [[Battle of the Stugna River]] (1093).{{sfn|Franklin|Shepard|2013|p=272}} Later that year, Sviatopolk would face the Kypchaks again, and again be defeated.{{sfn|Franklin|Shepard|2013|p=272}} Whereupon the Kypchaks destroyed Torchesk, an Oghuz Turk settlement.{{sfn|Franklin|Shepard|2013|p=272}}
+When [[Vsevolod Iaroslavich]] died in 1093, Sviatopolk was acknowledged by other princes as the senior son of the grand prince and permitted to ascend the Kievan throne. Although he participated in the princely congresses organized by Vladimir Monomakh, he is sometimes charged with encouraging internecine wars among Rurikid princes. For instance, he sided with his cousin David of [[Volhynia]] and his son-in-law [[Bolesław III Wrymouth]] in capturing and blinding one of the [[Halych|Galician]] princes.{{sfn|Vernadsky|1976|p=90}} He also sided with Vladimir Monomakh in several campaigns against the [[Kipchaks]] but was defeated in the [[Battle of the Stugna River]] (1093).{{sfn|Franklin|Shepard|2013|p=272}} Later that year, Sviatopolk was again defeated when faced with the Kipchaks,{{sfn|Franklin|Shepard|2013|p=272}} whereupon the latter destroyed Torchesk, an Oghuz Turk settlement.{{sfn|Franklin|Shepard|2013|p=272}}
-In 1096, in an attempt to force [[Oleg I of Chernigov]] into a Rus compact, Sviatopolk left his lands undefended.{{sfn|Franklin|Shepard|2013|p=272-273}} His father-in-law, Tugorkhan raided Pereiaslavl, while [[Boniak]] raided as far as Kiev, destroying [[Berestovo]] and sacking the three monasteries of Klov, Vydubichi, and [[Kiev Pechersk Lavra|the Caves]].{{sfn|Franklin|Shepard|2013|p=272-273}} Tugorkhan would be killed during his raid on Pereiaslavl, consequently Sviatopolk would have him buried in Kiev.{{sfn|Raffensperger|2012|p=78-79}}
+In 1096, in an attempt to force [[Oleg I of Chernigov]] into a Rus compact, Sviatopolk left his lands undefended.{{sfn|Franklin|Shepard|2013|p=272-273}} His father-in-law, Tugorkhan, raided [[Pereiaslav|Pereyaslavl]], while [[Boniak]], a [[Cumans|Cuman]] khan, raided as far as Kiev, destroying [[Berestovo]] and sacking the three monasteries of Klov, Vydubichi, and [[Kiev Pechersk Lavra|the Kiev Monastery of the Caves]].{{sfn|Franklin|Shepard|2013|p=272-273}} Tugorkhan was killed during his raid on Pereiaslavl, and so Sviatopolk had him buried in Kiev.{{sfn|Raffensperger|2012|p=78-79}}
+In 1111, Sviatopolk, alongside [[Vladimir II of Kiev|Vladimir II]], led an army at the {{ill|Battle of the Salnytsia River|uk|Битва на Сальниці}}, where they defeated a Cuman army on the {{ill|Salnytsia (river)|lt=Salnytsia|ru|Сальница (летописная река)}} river. The site of this battle is probably at modern-day [[Izium]].<ref name=ssr1>{{Cite web |title=Ізюм, Ізюмський район, Харківська область |url=https://ukrssr.com.ua/khark/izyumskiy/izyum-izyumskiy |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=Історія міст і сіл Української РСР |language=uk}}</ref>
-Sviatopolk's [[Christian name]] was Michael, so he encouraged embellishment of St Michael's Abbey in Kiev, which has been known as the ''[[St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery|Golden-Roofed]]'' up to the present. The history now known as ''the [[Primary Chronicle]]'' was compiled by the [[Nestor the Chronicler|monk Nestor]] during Sviatopolk's reign.
+Sviatopolk's [[Christian name]] was Michael, so he encouraged embellishment of St Michael's Abbey in Kiev, which has been known as the ''[[St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery|Golden-Roofed]]'' up to the present. The history now known as ''the [[Primary Chronicle]]'' was compiled by the monk [[Nestor the Chronicler|Nestor]] during Sviatopolk's reign.
 ==Marriage and children==
@@ Line 46: / Line 49: @@
 # [[Zbyslava of Kiev|Zbyslava]], married to king [[Boleslaw III of Poland]] on November 15, 1102.
 # [[Predslava of Kiev|Predslava]], married to [[Prince Álmos]] of Hungary on August 21, 1104. Her fate is less known.
-# [[Iaroslav Sviatopolkovich|Iaroslav]] (died 1123), Prince of [[Volynia]] and Turov was married three times - to Hungarian, Polish Sophia (daughter of [[Władysław I Herman]] and his second wife [[Judith of Swabia]]), and Kievan princesses. In consequence of Iaroslav's early death, his descendants forfeited any right to the Kievan throne and had to content themselves with [[Turaŭ|Turov]] and [[Pinsk]].
+# [[Iaroslav Sviatopolkovich|Iaroslav]] (died 1123), Prince of [[Volynia]] and Turov was married three times - to the Hungarian-Polish Sophia (daughter of [[Władysław I Herman]] and his second wife [[Judith of Swabia]]), and Kievan princesses. In consequence of Iaroslav's early death, his descendants forfeited any right to the Kievan throne and had to content themselves with [[Turaŭ|Turov]] and [[Pinsk]].
-Secondly, in 1094 Sviatopolk married to a daughter of Tugorkhan of the [[Kypchaks]], Olena.{{sfn|Dmytryshyn|2000|p=61}} They had four children:
+Secondly, in 1094 Sviatopolk married a daughter of Tugorkhan of the [[Kypchaks]], Olena.{{sfn|Dmytryshyn|2000|p=61}} They had four children:
-# Anna (died 1136), married to Sviatoslav Davydych from [[Chernihiv]] who turned into a monk upon her death and later became Saint Nikolai Svyatoslav Davydych of Chernihiv.
+# Anna (died 1136), married to Sviatoslav Davydych from [[Chernihiv]] who took monastic vows upon her death and later became Saint Nikolai Svyatoslav Davydych of Chernihiv.
 # Maria, married [[Piotr Włostowic]], castellan of [[Wroclaw]] and Polish palatine.
 # Bryachislav (1104–1127), possibly dethroned Iaroslav as the [[Prince of Turov]] (1118–1123) in 1118.
-# Izyaslav (died 1127), possibly the [[Prince of Turov]] in 1123.
+# Iziaslav (died 1127), possibly the [[Prince of Turov]] in 1123.
-In 1104, Sviatopolk would marry for a third time to Barbara Comnena.{{sfn|Vernadsky|1976|p=351}}
+In 1104, Sviatopolk would marry for a third time to [[Barbara Komnena]].{{sfn|Vernadsky|1976|p=351}}
-Some sources claim Sviatopolk had an out-of-wedlock son Mstislav who ruled [[Novgorod-Sieversky]] in 1095–1097 and later Volyn (1097–1099). Mstislav later was murdered in Volodymyr-Volynski.
+Some sources claim Sviatopolk had an out-of-wedlock son, Mstislav, who ruled [[Novgorod-Seversk]] from 1095 to 1097 and later Volyn (1097–1099). Mstislav later was murdered in Volodymyr-Volynski.
-==See also==
+==Notes==
+{{notelist}}
-* [[List of Ukrainian rulers]]
-*[[List of Russian rulers]]
-==Footnotes==
+==References==
 {{Reflist|2}}
-==References==
+==Sources==
-*{{cite book |last=Dmytryshyn |first=Basil |title= Medieval Russia: A Source Book, 850-1700 |publisher=Academic International Press |year=2000 |ref=harv}}
+*{{cite book |last=Dmytryshyn |first=Basil |title= Medieval Russia: A Source Book, 850-1700 |publisher=Academic International Press |year=2000 }}
-*{{cite book |title=The Emergence of Rus 750-1200 |first1=Simon |last1=Franklin |first2=Jonathan |last2=Shepard |publisher=Routledge |year=2013 |ref=harv}}
+*{{cite book |title=The Emergence of Rus 750-1200 |first1=Simon |last1=Franklin |first2=Jonathan |last2=Shepard |publisher=Routledge |year=2013 }}
-*{{cite book |title=Reimagining Europe |first=Christian |last=Raffensperger |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=2012 |ref=harv}}
+*{{cite book |title=Reimagining Europe |first=Christian |last=Raffensperger |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=2012 }}
-*{{cite book |title=Kievan Russia |first=George |last=Vernadsky |publisher=Yale University Press |year=1976   |ref=harv}}
+*{{cite book |title=Kievan Russia |first=George |last=Vernadsky |publisher=Yale University Press |year=1976   }}
 ==External links==
@@ Line 75: / Line 77: @@
 {{s-start}}
-{{s-hou|Rurikovich||1050||1113||name=Sviatopolk II Iziaslavich}}
+{{s-hou|[[Rurikids|Rurik]]||1050||1113||name=Sviatopolk II Iziaslavich}}
 {{s-reg}}
 {{s-bef|before=[[Mstislav Iziaslavich]]}}
@@ Line 83: / Line 85: @@
 {{s-ttl|title=[[Prince of Novgorod]]|years=1078–1088}}
 {{s-aft|after=[[Mstislav Vladimirovich]]}}
-{{s-bef|before=[[Yaropolk Izyaslavich]]}}
+{{s-bef|before=[[Yaropolk Iziaslavich]]}}
 {{s-ttl|title=[[Prince of Turov]]|years=1088–1093}}
 {{s-aft|after=[[Viacheslav Iaropolkovich]]}}
@@ Line 97: / Line 99: @@
 [[Category:1050 births]]
 [[Category:1113 deaths]]
-[[Category:Rurik dynasty]]
+[[Category:Family of Vladimir the Great]]
 [[Category:Princes of Polotsk]]
 [[Category:Princes of Novgorod]]
 [[Category:Princes of Turov]]
-[[Category:Grand Princes of Kiev]]
+[[Category:Grand princes of Kiev]]
-[[Category:11th-century princes in Kievan Rus']]
+[[Category:11th-century princes from Kievan Rus']]
-[[Category:12th-century princes in Kievan Rus']]
+[[Category:12th-century princes from Kievan Rus']]
-[[Category:Eastern Orthodox monarchs]]
-[[Category:Izyaslavichi family (Polotsk)]]

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