Minna of Worms: Difference between revisions
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'''Minna of Worms''' (died 1096) was a Jewish businesswoman and martyr |
'''Minna of Worms''' (died in May 1096) was a Jewish businesswoman and martyr, killed by antisemitic Christians.<ref>{{cite book |
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| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ykWQGAJ4_HkC&pg=PA111 |
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}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Chazan |first=Robert |title=The Anti Jewish Violence of 1096: Perpetrators and Dynamics |date=2002 |work=Religious Violence between Christians and Jews: Medieval Roots, Modern Perspectives |pages=21–43 |editor-last=Abulafia |editor-first=Anna Sapir |url=https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403913821_2 |access-date=2024-01-20 |place=London |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |language=en |doi=10.1057/9781403913821_2 |isbn=978-1-4039-1382-1}}</ref> She was an influential Jewish person, being a significant moneylender with clients and friends among the Christian nobility. Minna was one of the most famous victims of the 1096 [[Worms massacre (1096)|Worms massacre]] which occurred during the [[First Crusade]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fine |first=Lawrence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ohYOD34VlXEC&dq=info:Q5lCGyhDakIJ:scholar.google.com/&pg=PA438 |title=Judaism in Practice: From the Middle Ages Through the Early Modern Period |date=2001-11-18 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-05787-3 |language=en}}</ref> She was murdered after refusing to convert to Christianity.{{r|"Chazan 1996"}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malkiel |first=David |date=2001-10-01 |title=Destruction or Conversion Intention and reaction, Crusaders and Jews, in 1096 |url=https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014208904545 |journal=Jewish History |language=en |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=257–280 |doi=10.1023/A:1014208904545 |issn=1572-8579}}</ref> |
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}}</ref> She was an influential Jew, being a significant moneylender with clients and friends among the Christian nobility. Minna belonged to some of the most famous victims of the [[Worms massacre (1096)]]. Occurring during the [[First Crusade]], she was murdered for refusing conversion to Christianity after having been given the offer.{{r|"Chazan 1996"}} |
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== References == |
== References == |
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* {{cite book |
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Latest revision as of 07:10, 26 December 2024
Minna of Worms (died in May 1096) was a Jewish businesswoman and martyr, killed by antisemitic Christians.[1][2] She was an influential Jewish person, being a significant moneylender with clients and friends among the Christian nobility. Minna was one of the most famous victims of the 1096 Worms massacre which occurred during the First Crusade.[3] She was murdered after refusing to convert to Christianity.[4][5]
References
[edit]- ^ Taitz, E.; Henry, S.; Tallan, C. (2003). The JPS Guide to Jewish Women: 600 B.C.E. to 1900 C.E. A JPS Guide Series. Jewish Publication Society. p. 111. ISBN 978-0-8276-0752-1.
- ^ Chazan, Robert (2002), Abulafia, Anna Sapir (ed.), "The Anti Jewish Violence of 1096: Perpetrators and Dynamics", Religious Violence between Christians and Jews: Medieval Roots, Modern Perspectives, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 21–43, doi:10.1057/9781403913821_2, ISBN 978-1-4039-1382-1, retrieved 2024-01-20
- ^ Fine, Lawrence (2001-11-18). Judaism in Practice: From the Middle Ages Through the Early Modern Period. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-05787-3.
- ^ Chazan, R. (1996). European Jewry and the First Crusade. University of California Press. p. 122. ISBN 978-0-520-20506-2. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
- ^ Malkiel, David (2001-10-01). "Destruction or Conversion Intention and reaction, Crusaders and Jews, in 1096". Jewish History. 15 (3): 257–280. doi:10.1023/A:1014208904545. ISSN 1572-8579.
- Taitz, E.; Henry, S.; Tallan, C. (2003). The JPS Guide to Jewish Women: 600 B.C.E. to 1900 C.E. A JPS Guide Series. Jewish Publication Society. p. 111. ISBN 978-0-8276-0752-1.
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Categories:
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