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{{Short description|Polish composer and jazz pianist}}
{{Short description|Polish composer and jazz pianist}}
{{Infobox person
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'''Krzysztof Trzciński''' (27 April 1931 – 23 April 1969), known professionally as '''Krzysztof Komeda''',{{refn|Since 1967 credited as '''Christopher Komeda'''.|group=lower-alpha|name=note_a}} was a Polish film music composer and jazz pianist. Perhaps best known for his work in [[film score]]s, Komeda wrote the scores for [[Roman Polanski]]’s films ''[[Knife in the Water]]'' (1962), ''[[Cul-de-sac (1966 film)|Cul-de-sac]]'' (1966), ''[[The Fearless Vampire Killers]]'' (1967), and ''[[Rosemary's Baby (film)|Rosemary’s Baby]]'' (1968). Komeda's album ''[[Astigmatic (album)|Astigmatic]]'' (1965) is often considered one of the most important European jazz albums. British critic [[Stuart Nicholson (jazz historian)|Stuart Nicholson]] describes the album as "marking a shift away from the dominant American approach with the emergence of a specific European aesthetic."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jazz.com/music/2007/11/9/krzysztof-komeda-astigmatic |title=Krzysztof Komeda: Astigmatic – Jazz.com &#124; Jazz Music – Jazz Artists – Jazz News |access-date=4 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430123840/http://www.jazz.com/music/2007/11/9/krzysztof-komeda-astigmatic |archive-date=30 April 2011}}</ref>
'''Krzysztof Trzciński''' (27 April 1931 – 23 April 1969), known professionally as '''Krzysztof Komeda''',{{refn|Since 1967 credited as '''Christopher Komeda'''.|group=lower-alpha|name=note_a}} was a Polish [[film score]] composer and [[jazz pianist]] widely regarded as one of the most influential Polish jazz musicians.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kultura.onet.pl/muzyka/wywiady-i-artykuly/niewinny-czarodziej-krzysztof-komeda-zmarl-55-lat-temu/eb9kdbb |language=pl |title=Niewinny czarodziej. Krzysztof Komeda zmarł 55 lat temu |website=kultura.onet.pl |author=Paweł Piotrowicz |date=23 April 2024 |access-date=22 December 2024}}</ref> He is best known for writing the scores for [[Roman Polanski]]’s films ''[[Knife in the Water]]'' (1962), ''[[Cul-de-sac (1966 film)|Cul-de-sac]]'' (1966), ''[[The Fearless Vampire Killers]]'' (1967), and ''[[Rosemary's Baby (film)|Rosemary’s Baby]]'' (1968).


Komeda's album ''[[Astigmatic (album)|Astigmatic]]'' (1965) is often considered one of the most important European jazz albums. British critic [[Stuart Nicholson (jazz historian)|Stuart Nicholson]] describes the album as "marking a shift away from the dominant American approach with the emergence of a specific European aesthetic."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jazz.com/music/2007/11/9/krzysztof-komeda-astigmatic |title=Krzysztof Komeda: Astigmatic – Jazz.com &#124; Jazz Music – Jazz Artists – Jazz News |access-date=4 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430123840/http://www.jazz.com/music/2007/11/9/krzysztof-komeda-astigmatic |archive-date=30 April 2011}}</ref> Komeda is also known for blending jazz with [[classical music|classical]] and [[Music of Poland#Traditional folk music|traditional Polish music]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://wechronicle.com/music/exploring-the-birth-evolution-significance-impact-and-influence-of-polish-jazz-krzysztof-komeda-tomasz-stanko-and-leszek-mozdzer/ |title=Exploring the Birth, Evolution, Significance, Impact, and Influence of Polish Jazz: Krzysztof Komeda, Tomasz Stańko, and Leszek Możdżer |website=wechronicle.com |date=25 May 2023 |access-date=22 December 2024}}</ref>
==Biography==
⚫
Born Krzysztof Trzciński, he chose Komeda as his [[stage name]] only upon graduation from university as a means of distancing himself as a jazz musician from his daytime job in a medical clinic.<ref>Małgorzata Kosińska, [https://culture.pl/en/artist/krzysztof-komeda Krzysztof Komeda] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103110201/http://www.culture.pl/web/english/resources-music-full-page/-/eo_event_asset_publisher/eAN5/content/krzysztof-komeda |date=2013-11-03 }} at Culture.pl website, Polish Music Information Center.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/krzysztof-komeda-mn0000775684|title=Krzysztof Komeda Songs, Albums, Reviews, Bio & More|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=24 September 2021}}</ref>


==Life and career==
⚫
He grew up in [[Częstochowa]] and [[Ostrów Wielkopolski]] where in 1950 he graduated from the 'liceum (high school) for Boys'. While at school, he participated in the Music and Poetry Club. After high school he entered the Medical Academy in [[Poznań]] to study medicine. He finished his six-year-long studies and obtained a medical doctor diploma in 1956. He chose to specialize as an [[otolaryngology]] physician.
===Early life and education===
⚫
He was born Krzysztof Trzciński on 27 April 1931 in Poznań to father Mieczysław and mother Zenobia (née Gębicka).<ref name="naszahist">{{Cite web |url=https://naszahistoria.pl/krzysztof-komeda-poznanski-laryngolog-i-swiatowy-jazzman/ar/9953668 |language=pl |title=Krzysztof Komeda: Poznański laryngolog i światowy jazzman |website=naszahistoria.pl |author=Katarzyna Sklepik, Marek Zaradniak |date=13 May 2016 |access-date=22 December 2024}}</ref> He chose Komeda as his [[stage name]] only upon graduation from university as a means of distancing himself as a jazz musician from his daytime job in a medical clinic.<ref>Małgorzata Kosińska, [https://culture.pl/en/artist/krzysztof-komeda Krzysztof Komeda] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103110201/http://www.culture.pl/web/english/resources-music-full-page/-/eo_event_asset_publisher/eAN5/content/krzysztof-komeda |date=2013-11-03 }} at Culture.pl website, Polish Music Information Center.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/krzysztof-komeda-mn0000775684|title=Krzysztof Komeda Songs, Albums, Reviews, Bio & More|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=24 September 2021}}</ref>


⚫
He grew up in [[Częstochowa]] and [[Ostrów Wielkopolski]] where in 1950 he graduated from the 'liceum (high school) for Boys'. While at school, he participated in the Music and Poetry Club. After high school he entered the Medical Academy in [[Poznań]] to study medicine.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.chojazz.pl/polscy-muzycy-jazzowi-krzysztof-komeda-trzcinski/ |language=pl |title=Polscy muzycy jazzowi – Krzysztof Komeda Trzciński |website=chojazz.pl |date=16 April 2023 |access-date=22 December 2024}}</ref> He finished his six-year-long studies and obtained a medical doctor diploma in 1956. He chose to specialize as an [[otolaryngology]] physician.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kultura.onet.pl/muzyka/wiadomosci/krzysztof-komeda-laryngolog-od-kolysanki/lfhfftl |language=pl |title=Krzysztof Komeda: laryngolog od kołysanki |website=kultura.onet.pl |author=Roman Szczepanek |date=11 September 2013 |access-date=22 December 2024}}</ref>
⚫
He took music lessons from early childhood; to become a virtuoso was his dream. He became a member of the Poznań conservatorium at the age of eight, but [[World War II]] thwarted his plans. Komeda explored the theory of music, and learned to play piano, during this period and later, until 1950; however, he was aware of the loss of the past six years.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}}


⚫
He took music lessons from early childhood; to become a virtuoso was his dream. He became a member of the Poznań conservatorium at the age of eight, but [[World War II]] thwarted his plans.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://jazzforum.com.pl/main/artykul/krzysztof-komeda-the-lost-leader |title=KRZYSZTOF KOMEDA: The Lost Leader |website=jazzforum.com.pl |author=Stuart Nicholson |access-date=22 December 2024}}</ref> Komeda explored the theory of music, and learned to play piano, during this period and later, until 1950; however, he was aware of the loss of the past six years.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}}
⚫
Komeda was interested in light and dance music. He met Witold Kujawski, a graduate of the same school and active as a swing bass player, at the gymnasium (high school) in Ostrów Wielkopolski. It was Kujawski who acquainted Komeda-Trzciński with jazz, and took him to [[Kraków]]. The romantic period of Polish jazz, called the catacombs, had its day in the spotlight. Jam sessions, in which such musicians as Matuszkiewicz, Borowiec, Walasek and Kujawski himself participated, took place in Witold's small apartment in Kraków.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}}


===Career beginnings===
⚫
Some years later, it became clear why Komeda was fascinated with be-bop performed by [[Andrzej Trzaskowski]]. The fascination with jazz and the friendship with other musicians strengthened his connections with music, even though he was a doctor by profession. He worked for some time with the first, postwar, pioneer Polish jazz band, a group called Melomani that was from Kraków and Łódź, whose mainstays were Matuszkiewicz, Trzaskowski and Kujawski.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}}
⚫
Komeda was interested in light and dance music. He met Witold Kujawski, a graduate of the same school and active as a swing bass player, at the gymnasium (high school) in Ostrów Wielkopolski. It was Kujawski who acquainted Komeda-Trzciński with jazz, and took him to [[Kraków]]. The romantic period of Polish jazz, called the catacombs, had its day in the spotlight. Jam sessions, in which such musicians as Matuszkiewicz, Borowiec, Walasek and Kujawski himself participated, took place in Witold's small apartment in Kraków.<ref name="Komeda1" />


⚫
Several years later, it became clear why Komeda was fascinated with be-bop performed by [[Andrzej Trzaskowski]].<ref name="naszahist" /> The fascination with jazz and the friendship with other musicians strengthened his connections with music, even though he was a doctor by profession. He worked for some time with the first, postwar, pioneer Polish jazz band, a group called Melomani that was from Kraków and Łódź, whose mainstays were Matuszkiewicz, Trzaskowski and Kujawski.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}}
⚫
Later, he played with pop groups from Poznań. One of them, Jerzy Grzewiński's group, soon transformed into a dixieland band. Komeda appeared with Grzewiński on the I Jazz Festival in [[Sopot]] in August 1956, but he achieved success performing with saxophonist [[Jan Ptaszyn Wróblewski|Jan "Ptaszyn" Wróblewski]] and vibraphonist [[Jerzy Milian]], because dixieland did not meet Komeda's expectations at the time. He was more fascinated with modern jazz. Thanks to this passion, the Komeda Sextet was created. Krzysztof Trzciński used the stage name 'Komeda' for the first time when he worked at a laryngological clinic, and wanted to conceal his interest in jazz from co-workers. Jazz was beginning its struggle for respectability with the communist authorities in the era of 'the thaw' and with Polish society; jazz was regarded as a suspicious music of night clubs.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}}


⚫
Later, he played with pop groups from Poznań. One of them, Jerzy Grzewiński's group, soon transformed into a dixieland band. Komeda appeared with Grzewiński on the I Jazz Festival in [[Sopot]] in August 1956, but he achieved success performing with saxophonist [[Jan Ptaszyn Wróblewski|Jan "Ptaszyn" Wróblewski]] and vibraphonist [[Jerzy Milian]], because dixieland did not meet Komeda's expectations at the time. He was more fascinated with modern jazz. Thanks to this passion, the Komeda Sextet was created. Krzysztof Trzciński used the stage name 'Komeda' for the first time when he worked at a laryngological clinic, and wanted to conceal his interest in jazz from co-workers. Jazz was beginning its struggle for respectability with the communist authorities in the era of "[[Polish October|The Thaw]]" and with Polish society and was gradually recognized by both. In the 1960s, jazz musicians started to be invited to prominent concert halls in Warsaw.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://culture.pl/en/article/label-genre-era-or-slavic-spirit-what-is-polish-jazz |title=Label, Genre, Era or Slavic Spirit: What is 'Polish Jazz'? |website=culture.pl |author=Jan Błaszczak |date=15 November 2021 |access-date=22 December 2024}}</ref>
⚫
The Komeda Sextet became the first Polish jazz group playing modern jazz, and its pioneering performances opened the way for jazz in Poland. He played jazz that related to European traditions and which was the synthesis of the two of the most popular American groups at that time: the [[Modern Jazz Quartet]] and the [[Gerry Mulligan]] Quartet.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}}


⚫
The Komeda Sextet became the first Polish jazz group playing modern jazz, and its pioneering performances opened the way for jazz in Poland. He played jazz that related to European traditions and which was the combination of the two of the most popular American groups at that time: the [[Modern Jazz Quartet]] and the [[Gerry Mulligan]] Quartet.<ref name="Komeda1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.komeda.pl/a1.html |title=CHRISTOPHER KOMEDA (1931-1969) |website=komeda.pl |access-date=22 December 2024}}</ref>
⚫
In the thirteen years after the I Sopot Jazz Festival, the artistic personality of Krzysztof Trzciński became more mature, crystallized and lyrically poetic. Krzysztof was, above all, a constantly searching poet who could find ways of individual expression of himself within jazz, in Slavic lyricism, and in the traditions of Polish music.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}}


⚫
In the thirteen years after the I Sopot Jazz Festival, the artistic personality of Krzysztof Trzciński became more mature, crystallized and lyrically poetic. Komeda was a constantly searching poet who could find ways of individual expression of himself within jazz, Slavic lyricism, European sensibility and in the traditions of Polish music.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://culture.pl/en/work/astigmatic-krzysztof-komeda-quintet |title=Astigmatic - Krzysztof Komeda Quintet |website=culture.pl |access-date=22 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thevinylfactory.com/features/vf-mix-155-krzysztof-komeda-by-eabs/ |title=The singular sound of Polish jazz |website=thevinylfactory.com |author=Anton Spice |date=22 November 2018 |access-date=22 December 2024}}</ref>
⚫
In 2012, a [[Komeda (crater)|crater]] on the planet Mercury was named in honor of Komeda by the [[International Astronomical Union]].<ref>{{cite web |url = https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/15083|title = Komeda |publisher = [[NASA]] |work = Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature |access-date = 16 March 2022}}</ref>


==1960s==
===1960s===
{{unreferenced section|date=January 2016}}
[[File:Krzysztof Komeda Poznań.jpg|thumb|upright|Krzysztof Komeda, fragment of commemorative plaque in [[Poznań]]]]
[[File:Krzysztof Komeda Poznań.jpg|thumb|upright|Krzysztof Komeda, fragment of commemorative plaque in [[Poznań]]]]
The years 1956–1962 saw Komeda with his group taking part in domestic festivals and preparing ambitious programs. These were also the years of his first foreign successes in Moscow, Grenoble and Paris. A "Jazz and Poetry" programme was prepared for Jazz Jamboree '60, and later in Warsaw Philharmonic. Komeda's adventure with film music also began by this time. Scores for the films of [[Roman Polanski]] such as ''[[Knife in the Water (film)|Knife in the Water]]'' (1962), of [[Andrzej Wajda]] such as ''[[Innocent Sorcerers]]'' (1960), and of [[Janusz Morgenstern]] ''Good Bye, Till Tomorrow'' (also 1960) were created. This period, which in Komeda's artistic biography can be called the period of growing up and improving his own music language, was crowned with "Ballet Etudes" performed on Jazz Jamboree ’62. Although the reaction of domestic critics for the Etudes was rather cold, it opened the doors to Europe for Krzysztof Komeda Trzciński.
The years 1956–1962 saw Komeda with his group taking part in domestic festivals and preparing ambitious programs. These were also the years of his first foreign successes in Moscow, Grenoble and Paris. A "Jazz and Poetry" programme was prepared for Jazz Jamboree '60, and later in [[Warsaw Philharmonic]]. Komeda's adventure with film music also began by this time. Scores for the films of [[Roman Polanski]] such as ''[[Knife in the Water (film)|Knife in the Water]]'' (1962), of [[Andrzej Wajda]] such as ''[[Innocent Sorcerers]]'' (1960), and of [[Janusz Morgenstern]] ''Good Bye, Till Tomorrow'' (also 1960) were created.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.famousfix.com/list/films-scored-by-krzysztof-komeda |title=Films scored by Krzysztof Komeda |website=famousfix.com |access-date=22 December 2024}}</ref> This period, which in Komeda's artistic biography can be called the period of growing up and improving his own music language, was crowned with "Ballet Etudes" performed on Jazz Jamboree ’62. Although the reaction of domestic critics for the Etudes was rather cold, it opened the doors to Europe for Komeda.


Komeda visited Scandinavia for the first time in spring 1960, and he went back there every year thereafter. All of his performances at the 'Gyllene Cirkeln' (Golden Circle) in Stockholm and at the [[Jazzhus Montmartre|Montmartre Jazz Club]] in Copenhagen were a success. The Danish director Hennig Carlsen ordered music for his movies ''Hvad Med Os'' and ''[[Hunger (1966 film)|Sult]]'' (the movie based on [[Knut Hamsun]]'s novel ''Hunger''). Komeda also wrote the music for [[Henning Carlsen]]'s film ''[[The Cats (1965 film)|The Cats]]'' (''Kattorna'', 1965). Overall Komeda wrote more than 70 soundtracks. After successes in Scandinavia, came further successes: jazz festivals in Prague, Blend, Koenigsberg; tours of Bulgaria and both West and East Germany. Komeda stayed in Los Angeles in 1968 where he composed film music for Roman Polanski's ''[[Rosemary's Baby (film)|Rosemary’s Baby]]'' (with one of his most recognizable compositions, "[[Rosemary's Lullaby]]" sung by [[Mia Farrow]]) and [[Buzz Kulik]]'s ''[[Riot (1969 film)|Riot]]''.
Komeda visited Scandinavia for the first time in spring 1960, and he went back there every year thereafter. All of his performances at the 'Gyllene Cirkeln' (Golden Circle) in Stockholm and at the [[Jazzhus Montmartre|Montmartre Jazz Club]] in Copenhagen were a success. The Danish director Hennig Carlsen ordered music for his movies ''Hvad Med Os'' and ''[[Hunger (1966 film)|Sult]]'' (the movie based on [[Knut Hamsun]]'s novel ''Hunger''). Komeda also wrote the music for [[Henning Carlsen]]'s film ''[[The Cats (1965 film)|The Cats]]'' (''Kattorna'', 1965). Overall Komeda wrote more than 70 soundtracks. After successes in Scandinavia, came further successes: jazz festivals in Prague, Blend, Koenigsberg; tours of Bulgaria and both West and East Germany. Komeda stayed in Los Angeles in 1968 where he composed film music for Roman Polanski's ''[[Rosemary's Baby (film)|Rosemary’s Baby]]'' (with one of his most recognizable compositions, "[[Rosemary's Lullaby]]" sung by [[Mia Farrow]])<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0063522/soundtrack|title= Rosemary's Baby – Soundtrack|author= |date= |publisher= [[Internet Movie Database]]|access-date=December 22, 2024}}</ref> and [[Buzz Kulik]]'s ''[[Riot (1969 film)|Riot]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.enumi.pl/en/articles/118/Krzysztof_Komeda |title=Krzysztof Komeda |website=enumi.pl |access-date=22 December 2024}}</ref>


===Accident and death===
In December 1968, in [[Los Angeles]], Komeda had a tragic accident which led to a [[haematoma]] of the brain. He was pushed off an escarpment by writer [[Marek Hłasko]] during a drinking party. Roman Polański mentioned in his memoirs that as a result of friendly rough-and-tumble with Marek Hłasko, Komeda fell down and suffered head injuries. Medical treatment in the US hospital did not save his life. After being transported home to Poland in a coma and in a terminal state, he died in April 1969, aged 37. Hłasko himself died just two months later, aged 35.
In December 1968, in [[Los Angeles]], Komeda had a tragic accident which led to a [[haematoma]] of the brain. He was pushed off an escarpment by writer [[Marek Hłasko]] during a drinking party.<ref name="polskieradio">{{Cite web |url=https://www.polskieradio.pl/39/156/Artykul/2299146,Krzysztof-Komeda-Tragiczna-smierc-genialnego-kompozytora |language=pl |title=Krzysztof Komeda. Tragiczna śmierć genialnego kompozytora |website=polskieradio.pl |access-date=22 December 2024}}</ref> Roman Polański mentioned in his memoirs that as a result of friendly rough-and-tumble with Marek Hłasko, Komeda fell down and suffered head injuries. Medical treatment in the US hospital did not save his life. After being transported home to Poland in a coma and in a terminal state, he died in April 1969, aged 37. Hłasko, who was tormented by a sense of guilt, himself died just two months later at the age of 35.<ref name="polskieradio" /> Komeda was buried at the [[Powązki Cemetery]] in Warsaw.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://culture.pl/en/artist/krzysztof-komeda |title=Krzysztof Komeda |website=culture.pl |access-date=22 December 2024}}</ref>


==Remembrance==
⚫
As a jazz musician, he exerted a crucial influence on creating an original style, often described as the Polish school of jazz, which subsequently influenced the Polish jazz scene's development after his death. Since 1995, the [[Komeda Jazz Festival]] has been held on a regular basis, including an International Composers' Competition. The goal of the competition is to promote young artists.
[[File:Krzysztof Komeda Trzciński mural 2024.jpg|thumb|Komeda mural in [[Ostrów Wielkopolski]] where the composer grew up.]]
⚫
As a jazz musician, he exerted a crucial influence on creating an original style, often described as the Polish school of jazz, which subsequently influenced the Polish jazz scene's development after his death. Since 1995, the [[Komeda Jazz Festival]] has been held on a regular basis, including an International Composers' Competition. The goal of the competition is to promote young artists.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xz99CAAAQBAJ&q=%22Komeda+Jazz+Festival%22&pg=PA406|title=The Encyclopedia of Film Composers|last=Hischak|first=Thomas S.|date=2015-04-16|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=9781442245501|pages=406|language=ar}}</ref>

In 1991, a street named in honour of Komeda was opened in Warsaw in the [[Mokotów|Mokotów District]].

In 2008, a commemorative plaque in honour of Komeda was unveiled on the building of the [[National Bank of Poland]] in Warsaw. Another commemorative plaque was unveiled in [[Częstochowa]] in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.radiojura.pl/krzysztof-komeda-upamietniony-w-czestochowie-tablica-odslonieta-na-kamienicy-gdzie-mieszkal-w-czasie-ii-wojny-swiatowej.html |language=pl |title=Krzysztof Komeda upamiętniony w Częstochowie, tablica odsłonięta na kamienicy gdzie mieszkał w czasie II wojny światowej |website=radiojura.pl |date=25 April 2024 |access-date=22 December 2024}}</ref>

In 2010, the [[National Bank of Poland]] issued a commemorative coin dedicated to Komeda in the "Polish Popular Music" series.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.numizmato.pl/10-zl-2010-krzysztof-komeda-kwadrat-historia-polskiej-muzyki-rozrywkowej-p-275.html |language=pl |title=10 zł 2010 r. - Krzysztof Komeda (kwadrat) - Historia polskiej muzyki rozrywkowej |website=numizmato.pl |access-date=22 December 2024}}</ref> The same year, a statue honoring the composer was ceremonially unveiled in Poznań.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://poznan.naszemiasto.pl/uniwersytet-medyczny-ma-90-lat-odslonieto-pomnik-krzysztofa/ar/c13-3213659 |language=pl |title=Uniwersytet Medyczny ma 90 lat - odsłonięto pomnik Krzysztofa Komedy |website=poznan.naszemiasto.pl |author=Justyna Laskowska |date=19 November 2010 |access-date=22 December 2024}}</ref>

⚫
In 2012, a [[Komeda (crater)|crater]] on the planet [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]] was named in honor of Komeda by the [[International Astronomical Union]].<ref>{{cite web |url = https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/15083|title = Komeda |publisher = [[NASA]] |work = Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature |access-date = 16 March 2022}}</ref>

Between 2019–2020, a series of concerts titled "The Road to Hollywood. Krzysztof Komeda. 50th Anniversary" took place in numerous locations across the whole of Poland.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sok.com.pl/wydarzenie/w-drodze-do-hollywood-krzysztof-komeda/ |language=pl |title=W DRODZE DO HOLLYWOOD. KRZYSZTOF KOMEDA |website=sok.com.pl |access-date=22 December 2024}}</ref>


==Discography==
==Discography==
[[File:Krzysztof Komeda vol.14.jpg|thumb|Cover of vol. 14]]
===Albums===
===Albums===
* ''I Sopot Jazz Festival 1956'' (Muza)
* ''I Sopot Jazz Festival 1956'' (Muza)
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* ''[[Astigmatic (album)|Astigmatic]]'' (1966, Muza)
* ''[[Astigmatic (album)|Astigmatic]]'' (1966, Muza)
* ''Le Depart'' (1967, Philips)
* ''Le Depart'' (1967, Philips)
* ''Meine süsse europaische Heimat'' (c. 1967–1968, Columbia [EMI Germany])
* ''Meine süsse europäische Heimat'' (c. 1967–1968, Columbia [EMI Germany])
* ''Cul-De-Sac'' (1966, Polydor)
* ''Cul-De-Sac'' (1966, Polydor)
* ''[[Rosemary%27s_Baby_(film)#Music|Rosemary's Baby]]'' (1968, Dot Records)
* ''[[Rosemary's Baby (film)#Music|Rosemary's Baby]]'' (1968, Dot Records)
* ''The Riot'' (1968)
* ''The Riot'' (1968)


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{{Commons category}}
{{Commons category}}
*{{official website|http://www.komeda.pl|Krzysztof Komeda}} – official site
*{{official website|http://www.komeda.pl|Krzysztof Komeda}} – official site
*{{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p419570|label=Krzysztof Komeda}}
*{{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p419570|label=Krzysztof Komeda}}
*{{Discogs artist}}
*{{Discogs artist}}
*{{IMDb name|id=0006156|name=Krzysztof Komeda}}
*{{IMDb name|id=0006156|name=Krzysztof Komeda}}
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Latest revision as of 20:53, 26 December 2024

Krzysztof Komeda
Born
Krzysztof Trzciński

27 April 1931
Poznań, Poland
Died23 April 1969 (aged 37)
Warsaw, Poland
Other namesChristopher Komeda
Occupations
  • Composer
  • musician
Years active1952–1969
Spouse
Zofia Tittenbrun Trzcińska
​
​
(m. 1958)​
Musical career
Genres
InstrumentsPiano
LabelsPolskie Nagrania Muza

Krzysztof Trzciński (27 April 1931 – 23 April 1969), known professionally as Krzysztof Komeda,[a] was a Polish film score composer and jazz pianist widely regarded as one of the most influential Polish jazz musicians.[1] He is best known for writing the scores for Roman Polanski’s films Knife in the Water (1962), Cul-de-sac (1966), The Fearless Vampire Killers (1967), and Rosemary’s Baby (1968).

Komeda's album Astigmatic (1965) is often considered one of the most important European jazz albums. British critic Stuart Nicholson describes the album as "marking a shift away from the dominant American approach with the emergence of a specific European aesthetic."[2] Komeda is also known for blending jazz with classical and traditional Polish music.[3]

Life and career

[edit]

Early life and education

[edit]

He was born Krzysztof Trzciński on 27 April 1931 in Poznań to father Mieczysław and mother Zenobia (née Gębicka).[4] He chose Komeda as his stage name only upon graduation from university as a means of distancing himself as a jazz musician from his daytime job in a medical clinic.[5][6]

He grew up in Częstochowa and Ostrów Wielkopolski where in 1950 he graduated from the 'liceum (high school) for Boys'. While at school, he participated in the Music and Poetry Club. After high school he entered the Medical Academy in Poznań to study medicine.[7] He finished his six-year-long studies and obtained a medical doctor diploma in 1956. He chose to specialize as an otolaryngology physician.[8]

He took music lessons from early childhood; to become a virtuoso was his dream. He became a member of the Poznań conservatorium at the age of eight, but World War II thwarted his plans.[9] Komeda explored the theory of music, and learned to play piano, during this period and later, until 1950; however, he was aware of the loss of the past six years.[citation needed]

Career beginnings

[edit]

Komeda was interested in light and dance music. He met Witold Kujawski, a graduate of the same school and active as a swing bass player, at the gymnasium (high school) in Ostrów Wielkopolski. It was Kujawski who acquainted Komeda-Trzciński with jazz, and took him to Kraków. The romantic period of Polish jazz, called the catacombs, had its day in the spotlight. Jam sessions, in which such musicians as Matuszkiewicz, Borowiec, Walasek and Kujawski himself participated, took place in Witold's small apartment in Kraków.[10]

Several years later, it became clear why Komeda was fascinated with be-bop performed by Andrzej Trzaskowski.[4] The fascination with jazz and the friendship with other musicians strengthened his connections with music, even though he was a doctor by profession. He worked for some time with the first, postwar, pioneer Polish jazz band, a group called Melomani that was from Kraków and Łódź, whose mainstays were Matuszkiewicz, Trzaskowski and Kujawski.[citation needed]

Later, he played with pop groups from Poznań. One of them, Jerzy Grzewiński's group, soon transformed into a dixieland band. Komeda appeared with Grzewiński on the I Jazz Festival in Sopot in August 1956, but he achieved success performing with saxophonist Jan "Ptaszyn" Wróblewski and vibraphonist Jerzy Milian, because dixieland did not meet Komeda's expectations at the time. He was more fascinated with modern jazz. Thanks to this passion, the Komeda Sextet was created. Krzysztof Trzciński used the stage name 'Komeda' for the first time when he worked at a laryngological clinic, and wanted to conceal his interest in jazz from co-workers. Jazz was beginning its struggle for respectability with the communist authorities in the era of "The Thaw" and with Polish society and was gradually recognized by both. In the 1960s, jazz musicians started to be invited to prominent concert halls in Warsaw.[11]

The Komeda Sextet became the first Polish jazz group playing modern jazz, and its pioneering performances opened the way for jazz in Poland. He played jazz that related to European traditions and which was the combination of the two of the most popular American groups at that time: the Modern Jazz Quartet and the Gerry Mulligan Quartet.[10]

In the thirteen years after the I Sopot Jazz Festival, the artistic personality of Krzysztof Trzciński became more mature, crystallized and lyrically poetic. Komeda was a constantly searching poet who could find ways of individual expression of himself within jazz, Slavic lyricism, European sensibility and in the traditions of Polish music.[12][13]

1960s

[edit]
Krzysztof Komeda, fragment of commemorative plaque in Poznań

The years 1956–1962 saw Komeda with his group taking part in domestic festivals and preparing ambitious programs. These were also the years of his first foreign successes in Moscow, Grenoble and Paris. A "Jazz and Poetry" programme was prepared for Jazz Jamboree '60, and later in Warsaw Philharmonic. Komeda's adventure with film music also began by this time. Scores for the films of Roman Polanski such as Knife in the Water (1962), of Andrzej Wajda such as Innocent Sorcerers (1960), and of Janusz Morgenstern Good Bye, Till Tomorrow (also 1960) were created.[14] This period, which in Komeda's artistic biography can be called the period of growing up and improving his own music language, was crowned with "Ballet Etudes" performed on Jazz Jamboree ’62. Although the reaction of domestic critics for the Etudes was rather cold, it opened the doors to Europe for Komeda.

Komeda visited Scandinavia for the first time in spring 1960, and he went back there every year thereafter. All of his performances at the 'Gyllene Cirkeln' (Golden Circle) in Stockholm and at the Montmartre Jazz Club in Copenhagen were a success. The Danish director Hennig Carlsen ordered music for his movies Hvad Med Os and Sult (the movie based on Knut Hamsun's novel Hunger). Komeda also wrote the music for Henning Carlsen's film The Cats (Kattorna, 1965). Overall Komeda wrote more than 70 soundtracks. After successes in Scandinavia, came further successes: jazz festivals in Prague, Blend, Koenigsberg; tours of Bulgaria and both West and East Germany. Komeda stayed in Los Angeles in 1968 where he composed film music for Roman Polanski's Rosemary’s Baby (with one of his most recognizable compositions, "Rosemary's Lullaby" sung by Mia Farrow)[15] and Buzz Kulik's Riot.[16]

Accident and death

[edit]

In December 1968, in Los Angeles, Komeda had a tragic accident which led to a haematoma of the brain. He was pushed off an escarpment by writer Marek Hłasko during a drinking party.[17] Roman Polański mentioned in his memoirs that as a result of friendly rough-and-tumble with Marek Hłasko, Komeda fell down and suffered head injuries. Medical treatment in the US hospital did not save his life. After being transported home to Poland in a coma and in a terminal state, he died in April 1969, aged 37. Hłasko, who was tormented by a sense of guilt, himself died just two months later at the age of 35.[17] Komeda was buried at the Powązki Cemetery in Warsaw.[18]

Remembrance

[edit]
Komeda mural in Ostrów Wielkopolski where the composer grew up.

As a jazz musician, he exerted a crucial influence on creating an original style, often described as the Polish school of jazz, which subsequently influenced the Polish jazz scene's development after his death. Since 1995, the Komeda Jazz Festival has been held on a regular basis, including an International Composers' Competition. The goal of the competition is to promote young artists.[19]

In 1991, a street named in honour of Komeda was opened in Warsaw in the Mokotów District.

In 2008, a commemorative plaque in honour of Komeda was unveiled on the building of the National Bank of Poland in Warsaw. Another commemorative plaque was unveiled in Częstochowa in 2024.[20]

In 2010, the National Bank of Poland issued a commemorative coin dedicated to Komeda in the "Polish Popular Music" series.[21] The same year, a statue honoring the composer was ceremonially unveiled in Poznań.[22]

In 2012, a crater on the planet Mercury was named in honor of Komeda by the International Astronomical Union.[23]

Between 2019–2020, a series of concerts titled "The Road to Hollywood. Krzysztof Komeda. 50th Anniversary" took place in numerous locations across the whole of Poland.[24]

Discography

[edit]

Albums

[edit]
  • I Sopot Jazz Festival 1956 (Muza)
  • Crazy Girl (1962, Muza)
  • Etiudy Baletowe "Ballet Etudes" (1963, Metronome)
  • Jazz Jamboree'64 vol. 2 (1964, Muza)
  • Astigmatic (1966, Muza)
  • Le Depart (1967, Philips)
  • Meine süsse europäische Heimat (c. 1967–1968, Columbia [EMI Germany])
  • Cul-De-Sac (1966, Polydor)
  • Rosemary's Baby (1968, Dot Records)
  • The Riot (1968)

Compilations

[edit]
  • Muzyka Krzysztofa Komedy vol. 1-4 (1974 - Muza)
  • Krzysztof Komeda (1989, Muza)
  • The Complete Recordings of Krzysztof Komeda vol. 1-23 (1994-98 Polonia Records)
  • Genius of Krzysztof Komeda vol. 1-14 (1996-2005 Power Bros)
  • Zofia Komeda Presents vol. 1-14 (1998–2005, Power Bros)

Appeared on

[edit]
  • I Sopot Jazz Festival 1956 (Muza)
  • Jazz Believers (1958, RCA Victor)
  • Jazz Jamboree'60 nr. 4 (1960, Muza)
  • Jazz Jamboree'60 nr. 1 (1961, Muza)
  • Jazz Jamboree'60 nr. 2 (1961, Muza)
  • Jazz Jamboree'60 nr. 4 (1961, Muza) reedition
  • Jazz Greetings From The East (1964, Fontana)

Film scores

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Since 1967 credited as Christopher Komeda.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Paweł Piotrowicz (23 April 2024). "Niewinny czarodziej. Krzysztof Komeda zmarł 55 lat temu". kultura.onet.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  2. ^ "Krzysztof Komeda: Astigmatic – Jazz.com | Jazz Music – Jazz Artists – Jazz News". Archived from the original on 30 April 2011. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
  3. ^ "Exploring the Birth, Evolution, Significance, Impact, and Influence of Polish Jazz: Krzysztof Komeda, Tomasz Stańko, and Leszek Możdżer". wechronicle.com. 25 May 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  4. ^ a b Katarzyna Sklepik, Marek Zaradniak (13 May 2016). "Krzysztof Komeda: Poznański laryngolog i światowy jazzman". naszahistoria.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  5. ^ Małgorzata Kosińska, Krzysztof Komeda Archived 2013-11-03 at the Wayback Machine at Culture.pl website, Polish Music Information Center.
  6. ^ "Krzysztof Komeda Songs, Albums, Reviews, Bio & More". AllMusic. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
  7. ^ "Polscy muzycy jazzowi – Krzysztof Komeda Trzciński". chojazz.pl (in Polish). 16 April 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  8. ^ Roman Szczepanek (11 September 2013). "Krzysztof Komeda: laryngolog od kołysanki". kultura.onet.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  9. ^ Stuart Nicholson. "KRZYSZTOF KOMEDA: The Lost Leader". jazzforum.com.pl. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  10. ^ a b "CHRISTOPHER KOMEDA (1931-1969)". komeda.pl. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  11. ^ Jan Błaszczak (15 November 2021). "Label, Genre, Era or Slavic Spirit: What is 'Polish Jazz'?". culture.pl. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  12. ^ "Astigmatic - Krzysztof Komeda Quintet". culture.pl. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  13. ^ Anton Spice (22 November 2018). "The singular sound of Polish jazz". thevinylfactory.com. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  14. ^ "Films scored by Krzysztof Komeda". famousfix.com. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  15. ^ "Rosemary's Baby – Soundtrack". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved December 22, 2024.
  16. ^ "Krzysztof Komeda". enumi.pl. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  17. ^ a b "Krzysztof Komeda. Tragiczna śmierć genialnego kompozytora". polskieradio.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  18. ^ "Krzysztof Komeda". culture.pl. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  19. ^ Hischak, Thomas S. (2015-04-16). The Encyclopedia of Film Composers (in Arabic). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 406. ISBN 9781442245501.
  20. ^ "Krzysztof Komeda upamiętniony w Częstochowie, tablica odsłonięta na kamienicy gdzie mieszkał w czasie II wojny światowej". radiojura.pl (in Polish). 25 April 2024. Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  21. ^ "10 zł 2010 r. - Krzysztof Komeda (kwadrat) - Historia polskiej muzyki rozrywkowej". numizmato.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  22. ^ Justyna Laskowska (19 November 2010). "Uniwersytet Medyczny ma 90 lat - odsłonięto pomnik Krzysztofa Komedy". poznan.naszemiasto.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  23. ^ "Komeda". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. NASA. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
  24. ^ "W DRODZE DO HOLLYWOOD. KRZYSZTOF KOMEDA". sok.com.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 22 December 2024.
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