Jump to content

Bergdorf Goodman: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 40°45′48″N 73°58′27″W / 40.7634°N 73.9741°W / 40.7634; -73.9741
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Content deleted Content added
don't clutter short descriptions with ownership
 
(28 intermediate revisions by 14 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|American luxury department store}}
{{Short description|American luxury department store}}
{{Redirect|Bergdorf}}
{{Redirect|Bergdorf}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox company
{{Infobox company
| name = Bergdorf Goodman Inc.
| name = Bergdorf Goodman Inc.
| logo = Bergdorf Goodman Logo.svg
| logo = Bergdorf Goodman Logo.svg
| logo_size = 250px
| logo_size = 250px
| image = Bergdorf Goodman.jpg
| image = Original Store -Bergdorf Goodman (48064048193).jpg
| image_size = 250px
| image_size = 250px
| image_caption = The first Bergdorf Goodman store
| image_caption = The [[Bergdorf Goodman Building|Bergdorf Goodman flagship store]] at Fifth Avenue and 57th Street
| alt = The first Bergdorf Goodman store, which is a large building with gray bricks, at the intersection of two streets at sunset.
| alt = The Bergdorf Goodman flagship store, a large building with a stone facade, at the intersection of two streets at sunset.
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
| industry = [[Retail]]
| industry = [[Retail]]
Line 21: Line 21:
| key_people = {{plainlist|
| key_people = {{plainlist|
* Linda Fargo (women's [[creative director|CD]])
* Linda Fargo (women's [[creative director|CD]])
* Bruce Pask (men's [[creative director|CD]])<ref name="Bruce Pask Takes Men's Fashion Post at Bergdorf Goodman">{{cite magazine| url=http://www.wwd.com/menswear-news/retail-business/bruce-pask-takes-mens-fashion-post-at-bergdorf-goodman-7587400?src=nl/mornReport/20140313| title=Bruce Pask Takes Men's Fashion Post at Bergdorf Goodman| journal=[[Women's Wear Daily]]| date=13 March 2014| access-date=13 March 2014| last=Palmieri| first=Jean E.}}</ref>
* Bruce Pask (men's [[creative director|CD]])<ref name="Bruce Pask Takes Men's Fashion Post at Bergdorf Goodman">{{cite magazine| url=http://www.wwd.com/menswear-news/retail-business/bruce-pask-takes-mens-fashion-post-at-bergdorf-goodman-7587400?src=nl/mornReport/20140313| title=Bruce Pask Takes Men's Fashion Post at Bergdorf Goodman| journal=[[Women's Wear Daily]]| date=March 13, 2014| access-date=March 13, 2014| last=Palmieri| first=Jean E.}}</ref>
}}
}}
| products = {{flat list|
| products = {{flat list|
*[[Ready-to-wear]]
* [[Ready-to-wear]]
* [[haute couture|couture]]
* [[haute couture|couture]]
*[[footwear]]
* [[footwear]]
*[[handbags]]
* [[handbags]]
*[[fashion accessories|accessories]]
* [[fashion accessories|accessories]]
*[[home accessories|home decor]]
* [[home accessories|home decor]]
* [[jewelry]]
* [[jewelry]]
* [[cosmetics]]
* [[cosmetics]]
}}
}}
| parent = {{plainlist|
| parent = {{plainlist|
* [[Neiman Marcus Group]] (1987–2024)
* [[Broadway Stores|Broadway-Hale Stores]] (1972&ndash;1987)
* [[Neiman Marcus]] (since 1987)
* [[Saks Global]] (2024–present)
}}
}}
| homepage = {{URL|bergdorfgoodman.com}}
| homepage = {{URL|bergdorfgoodman.com}}
}}
}}


'''Bergdorf Goodman Inc.''' is an American [[Luxury goods|luxury]] [[department store]] based in [[New York City]], founded in 1899 by Herman Bergdorf. {{As of|2024}}, it operates a [[Bergdorf Goodman Building|women's store]] and a men's store across the street from each other on [[Fifth Avenue]] in [[Midtown Manhattan]]. Since 2024 it has been owned by [[Saks Global]], the American division of the [[Hudson's Bay Company]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=IV |first=Antonio Pequeño |title=Saks Global Inks $2.7 Billion Acquisition Of Neiman Marcus In Amazon-Backed Deal |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/antoniopequenoiv/2024/12/23/saks-global-inks-27-billion-acquisition-of-neiman-marcus-in-amazon-backed-deal/ |access-date=2024-12-25 |website=[[Forbes]] |language=en}}</ref>
'''Bergdorf Goodman Inc.''' is a [[luxury goods|luxury]] [[department store]] based on [[Fifth Avenue]] in [[Midtown Manhattan]], New York. The company was founded in 1899 by Herman Bergdorf and was later owned and managed by Edwin Goodman, and later his son, Andrew Goodman.

Today, Bergdorf Goodman operates from two stores situated across the street from each other at Fifth Avenue between [[57th Street (Manhattan)|57th Street]] and 58th Streets. The main store, which opened at its current location in 1928, is located on the west side of Fifth Avenue. A separate men's store, which was established in 1990, is located on the east side of Fifth Avenue, and it is directly across the street from the main store.

Since the early 2010s, Bergdorf Goodman has been a subsidiary of [[Neiman Marcus]], which is owned by the [[private equity]] firm [[Ares Management]].<ref>
[https://robbreport.com/style/fashion/neiman-marcus-bergdorf-goodman-file-bankruptcy-2919551/ Neiman Marcus and Bergdorf Goodman File for Bankruptcy — But Pledge to Return] [[Robb Report]], Martin Lerma, May 7, 2020
</ref>


==History==
==History==


===Founding and early history (1899–1951)===
===Founding and early history (1899–1951)===
The company traces its origins to 1899 when Herman Bergdorf, an immigrant from [[Alsace]], opened a tailor shop just above [[Union Square (New York City)|Union Square]] in [[downtown Manhattan]].
The company traces its origins to 1899 when Herman Bergdorf, an immigrant from [[Alsace]], opened a tailor's shop just above [[Union Square (New York City)|Union Square]] in [[downtown Manhattan]].


Edwin Goodman, a 23-year-old [[American Jewish]]<ref>American Jewish Year Book, Volume 95, Cyrus Adler, Henrietta Szold
Edwin Goodman, a 23-year-old [[American Jewish]]<ref>American Jewish Year Book, Volume 95, Cyrus Adler, Henrietta Szold
VNR AG, 1995, page 587</ref> merchant, based in [[Lockport (city), New York|Lockport, New York]], moved to [[New York City]] to work as an apprentice for Bergdorf.<ref>{{cite magazine| title=The New York Times Biographical Service| journal=The New York Times Biographical Service: A Compilation of Current Biographical Information of General Interest| volume=2| publisher=Arno Press| year=1971| page=3390| issn=0161-2433}}</ref> Within two years, Goodman had raised enough money to purchase an interest in the business, which was renamed Bergdorf Goodman in 1901. In 1906, Bergdorf Goodman moved to a new location on 32nd Street, just west of Fifth Avenue and "[[Ladies' Mile Historic District|Ladies' Mile]]". While Bergdorf preferred the less expensive side street location, Goodman prevailed with the new location and bought Bergdorf's interest in the company. Bergdorf would retire to [[Paris]].
VNR AG, 1995, page 587</ref> merchant, based in [[Lockport (city), New York|Lockport, New York]], moved to [[New York City]] to work as an apprentice for Bergdorf.<ref>{{cite magazine| title=The New York Times Biographical Service| journal=The New York Times Biographical Service: A Compilation of Current Biographical Information of General Interest| volume=2| publisher=Arno Press| year=1971| page=3390| issn=0161-2433}}</ref> Within two years, Goodman had raised enough money to purchase an interest in the business, which was renamed Bergdorf Goodman in 1901. In 1906, Bergdorf Goodman moved to a new location on 32nd Street, just west of Fifth Avenue and "[[Ladies' Mile Historic District|Ladies' Mile]]". While Bergdorf preferred the less expensive side street location, Goodman prevailed with the new location and bought Bergdorf's interest in the company. Bergdorf would retire to [[Paris]].


Although Goodman had developed a good business as a ladies' tailor on 32nd Street, he decided to [[March uptown|move uptown]] in 1914. Goodman constructed a five-story building at 616 Fifth Avenue, on the site of what is today [[Rockefeller Center]].<ref name=strike>{{cite news |title=Fight in Fifth Ave. Tailors' Strike |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1915/02/20/100142521.pdf |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=February 20, 1915 |access-date=2011-11-19}}</ref> In 1914, Goodman became the first couturier to introduce [[ready-to-wear]], making Bergdorf Goodman a destination for American and French fashion.
Although Goodman had developed a good business as a ladies' tailor on 32nd Street, he decided to [[March uptown|move uptown]] in 1914. He constructed a five-story building at 616 Fifth Avenue, on the site of what is today [[Rockefeller Center]].<ref name=strike>{{cite news |title=Fight in Fifth Ave. Tailors' Strike |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1915/02/20/100142521.pdf |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=February 20, 1915 |access-date=November 19, 2011}}</ref> In 1914, he became the first couturier to introduce [[ready-to-wear]], making Bergdorf Goodman a destination for American and French fashion.


The store moved to its present location at Fifth Avenue and 58th Street in 1928, building its [[Beaux-Arts style]] [[Bergdorf Goodman Building]] on the site of the [[Cornelius Vanderbilt II House]]. He was unsure of the success of the new store's location, as he was uncertain whether customers would follow the store uptown. So, Goodman designed the new store so that it could be subdivided into sections with storefronts that could be rented out if needed. Early tenants included [[Van Cleef & Arpels]], the [[:fr:Grande Maison de Blanc|Grande Maison de Blanc]] and Dobbs the Hatter.<ref name=streetscapes>{{cite news |title=The Bergdorf Goodman Building on Fifth Avenue; From Architectural Links to Common Ownership |first=Christopher |last=Gray |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/08/30/realestate/streetscapes-bergdorf-goodman-building-fifth-avenue-architectural-links-common.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=August 30, 1998 |access-date=2011-11-19}}</ref> During the Great Depression, however, Goodman thrived, buying the entire building. Throughout the 1930s, Goodman purchased the mortgages of the surrounding businesses, eventually acquiring the entire block. During this period, Bergdorf Goodman was successful enough to have merited an expansion beyond the single store. However, Goodman preferred to operate in a single location where he would be able to personally maintain the quality of the merchandise and service.
The store moved to its present location at Fifth Avenue and 58th Street in 1928, building its [[Beaux-Arts style]] [[Bergdorf Goodman Building]] on the site of the [[Cornelius Vanderbilt II House]]. Goodman was unsure of the success of the new store's location, as he was uncertain whether customers would follow the store uptown and so designed the new store so that it could be subdivided into sections with storefronts that could be let if needed. Early tenants included [[Van Cleef & Arpels]], the [[:fr:Grande Maison de Blanc|Grande Maison de Blanc]] and Dobbs the Hatter.<ref name=streetscapes>{{cite news |title=The Bergdorf Goodman Building on Fifth Avenue; From Architectural Links to Common Ownership |first=Christopher |last=Gray |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/08/30/realestate/streetscapes-bergdorf-goodman-building-fifth-avenue-architectural-links-common.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=August 30, 1998 |access-date=November 19, 2011}}</ref> During the Great Depression, however, Goodman thrived, buying the entire building. Throughout the 1930s, he purchased the mortgages of the surrounding businesses, eventually acquiring the entire block. During this period, Bergdorf Goodman was successful enough to have merited an expansion beyond the single store. However, Goodman preferred to operate in a single location where he would be able to personally maintain the quality of the merchandise and service.


===The second generation (1951–1972)===
===The second generation (1951–1972)===
[[File:TheNeptuneBracelet.jpg|thumb|"The Neptune Bracelet," An early Alwand Vahan Design made for Bergdorf Goodman in 1969]]
[[File:TheNeptuneBracelet.jpg|thumb|"The Neptune Bracelet," An early Alwand Vahan Design made for Bergdorf Goodman in 1969]]
[[Image:Bergdorfg1.jpg|thumb|left|150px| Miss Bergdorf dress from ''Taffy'', designer [[Anne T. Hill]], 1956]]
[[Image:Bergdorfg1.jpg|thumb|left|150px| Miss Bergdorf dress from ''Taffy'', designer [[Anne T. Hill]], 1956]]
Goodman's son, Andrew, assumed the role of president in 1951 and succeeded as head of the company in 1953, following the death of his father.<ref name=andrewobit>{{cite news |title=Andrew Goodman, 86, Bergdorf's Innovator, Dies |first=Bruce |last=Lambert |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/04/05/obituaries/andrew-goodman-86-bergdorf-s-innovator-dies.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=April 5, 1993 |access-date=2011-11-19}}</ref> Andrew was responsible for enhancing Bergdorf's reputation and expanding its range of merchandise and services.
Goodman's son, Andrew, assumed the role of president in 1951 and succeeded as head of the company in 1953, following the death of his father.<ref name=andrewobit>{{cite news |title=Andrew Goodman, 86, Bergdorf's Innovator, Dies |first=Bruce |last=Lambert |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/04/05/obituaries/andrew-goodman-86-bergdorf-s-innovator-dies.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=April 5, 1993 |access-date=November 19, 2011}}</ref> Andrew was responsible for enhancing Bergdorf's reputation and expanding its range of merchandise and services.


During Andrew's tenure as chairman, Bergdorf opened a fur salon (headed by [[Emeric Partos]] from 1955-1975),<ref name=el>{{cite news |last1=Lambert |first1=Eleanor |title=Coty 'Winnie' Awards go to Three Top Designers |url=https://newspaperarchive.com/other-articles-clipping-oct-04-1957-3287067/ |access-date=26 June 2022 |work=Corpus Christi Times |date=4 October 1957}}</ref> developed the successful Bergdorf Goodman Number Nine perfume ("Love Potion Number Nine"), and created Miss Bergdorf, a ready-to-wear line for younger customers.
During Andrew's tenure as chairman, Bergdorf opened a fur salon (headed by [[Emeric Partos]] from 1955 to 1975),<ref name=el>{{cite news |last1=Lambert |first1=Eleanor |title=Coty 'Winnie' Awards go to Three Top Designers |url=https://newspaperarchive.com/other-articles-clipping-oct-04-1957-3287067/ |access-date=June 26, 2022 |work=Corpus Christi Times |date=October 4, 1957}}</ref> developed the successful Bergdorf Goodman Number Nine perfume ("Love Potion Number Nine"), and created Miss Bergdorf, a ready-to-wear line for younger customers.


The Bergdorf Goodman Building began a $1 million expansion in 1959 (${{Inflation|US|1|1959|r=1|fmt=c}} million today) into two adjacent buildings. The Boys and Girls gift shop expanded into a whole floor, and the beauty salon and bridal, fur and men's departments also expanded. Eight years later, a $2.5 million expansion in 1967 (${{Inflation|US|2.5|1967|r=1|fmt=c}} million today) nearly doubled the store's area, to {{convert|120000|sqft|m2}}.<ref name=andrewobit/>
The Bergdorf Goodman Building began a $1 million expansion in 1959 (${{Inflation|US|1|1959|r=1|fmt=c}} million today) into two adjacent buildings. The Boys and Girls gift shop expanded into a whole floor, and the beauty salon and bridal, fur and men's departments also expanded.<ref name="p1565384416">{{cite magazine |date=March 16, 1959 |title=Expansion Plan Is Confirmed, at Bergdorf Goodman |magazine=Women's Wear Daily |pages=8 |volume=98 |issue=51 |id={{ProQuest|1565384416}}}}</ref> A $2.5 million expansion in 1967 (${{Inflation|US|2.5|1967|r=1|fmt=c}} million today) nearly doubled the store's area, to {{convert|120000|sqft|m2}}.<ref name=andrewobit/> A branch in Chicago was proposed in 1965<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bender |first=Marylin |date=August 18, 1965 |title=Bergdorf Heading West; Chicago Branch Planned |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/08/18/archives/bergdorf-heading-west-chicago-branch-planned.html |access-date=August 3, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> but canceled two years later.<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 13, 1967 |title=Bergdorf's Drops Chicago Plans |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1967/09/13/archives/bergdorfs-drops-chicago-plans-bergdorfs-drops-plans-in-chicago.html |access-date=August 3, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>


===New ownership (1972–1990)===
===New ownership (1972–1990)===
In 1972, Andrew Goodman sold Bergdorf Goodman to Broadway-Hale Stores, which would become [[Carter Hawley Hale Stores]] (CHH) for $12.5 million (${{Inflation|US|12.5|1972|r=1|fmt=c}} million today). CHH had acquired [[Neiman Marcus]], a three-unit operation at the time, in 1969. By the time of the sale, Bergdorf Goodman was the only large high-quality specialty store in the U.S. that remained independently owned. However, its decision not to build suburban branches left it with a relatively modest profit margin. Goodman remained the landlord of the store and kept a [[penthouse apartment]] on the building's top floor.<ref name=andrewobit/>
[[Broadway-Hale Stores]] proposed merging with Bergdorf Goodman in 1971,<ref name="p156602586">{{cite news |last=Auerbach |first=Alexander |date=March 25, 1971 |title=Broadway-Hale Plans Merger With Bergdorf's |work=Los Angeles Times |pages=E13 |issn=0458-3035 |id={{ProQuest|156602586}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Sloane |first=Leonard |date=March 25, 1971 |title=West Coast Chain To Buy Bergdorf's |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/03/25/archives/west-coast-chain-to-buy-bergdorfs-bergdorf-goodman-to-be-bought-by.html |access-date=August 3, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> and the [[Federal Trade Commission]] approved the merger the next year.<ref name="p133647487">{{cite news |date=April 14, 1972 |title=Broadway-Hale Stores Allowed by FTC to Buy Bergdorf Goodman Co.: Panel Agrees New York Retailer Likely Would Close Without Merger for Lack of Funding |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=30 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|133647487}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Barmash |first=Isadore |date=April 13, 1972 |title=Approval of Bergdorf Store Sale To Broadway‐Hale Due Today |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/04/13/archives/approval-of-bergdorf-store-sale-to-broadwayhale-due-today-approval.html |access-date=August 3, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Broadway-Hale Stores, which would become [[Carter Hawley Hale Stores]] (CHH), completed its acquisition of Bergdorf Goodman in June 1972.<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 23, 1972 |title=Chris‐Craft Clears Sale of TV Station To Metromedia, Inc. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/06/23/archives/chriscraft-clears-sale-of-tv-station-to-metromedia-inc.html |access-date=August 3, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> CHH had acquired [[Neiman Marcus]], a three-unit operation at the time, in 1969. By the time of the sale, Bergdorf Goodman was the only large high-quality specialty store in the U.S. that remained independently owned. However, its decision not to build suburban branches left it with a relatively modest profit margin. Goodman remained the landlord of the store and kept a [[penthouse apartment]] on the building's top floor.<ref name=andrewobit/>


[[File:Bergdorf Goodman window on Fifth Avenue New York City.jpg|thumb|right|A [[Badgley Mischka]] fur coat on display in the window of Bergdorf Goodman's [[Fifth Avenue (Manhattan)|Fifth Avenue]] store in 2008]]
[[File:Bergdorf Goodman window on Fifth Avenue New York City.jpg|thumb|right|A [[Badgley Mischka]] fur coat on display in the window of Bergdorf Goodman's [[Fifth Avenue (Manhattan)|Fifth Avenue]] store in 2008]]


At first, CHH considered building branch locations, ultimately only constructing one location, in nearby [[White Plains, New York]], in 1972. This location eventually became a Neiman Marcus branch in 1981. To combat its image difficulties, the company hired [[Dawn Mello]] in 1975 as vice president of fashion. She was successful in reinvigorating the conservative store and became president in 1984. She left her post in 1989 to work for the floundering Italian fashion house [[Gucci]], though she returned to her post as president in 1994.{{Citation needed|date=March 2020}}
At first, CHH considered building branch locations,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Barmash |first=Isadore |date=June 14, 1973 |title=First Bergdorf Branch to Open in 1974 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/06/14/archives/first-bergdorf-branch-to-open-in-1974-bergdorf-branch-will-open-in.html |access-date=August 3, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ultimately only constructing one location, in nearby [[White Plains, New York]], in 1974. This location eventually became a Neiman Marcus branch in 1980.<ref name="nyt-1988-08-31">{{Cite news|last=Barmash|first=Isadore|date=1988-08-31|title=Bergdorf Will Open A 2d Store|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/31/business/bergdorf-will-open-a-2d-store.html|access-date=2024-08-03|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> To combat its image difficulties, the company hired [[Dawn Mello]] in 1975 as vice president of fashion. She was successful in reinvigorating the conservative store and became president in 1984. She left her post in 1989 to work for the floundering Italian fashion house [[Gucci]], though she returned to her post as president in 1994.{{Citation needed|date=March 2020}}


Bergdorf Goodman's parent company became the object of takeover bids in the 1980s. As a way to maintain its independence, [[Carter Hawley Hale Stores|Carter Hawley]] completed a major financial restructuring. In 1987, Bergdorf Goodman was spun-off, together with Neiman Marcus and [[Contempo Casuals]], to form Neiman Marcus Group. The new company was headquartered in [[Dallas]], [[Texas]], where the significantly larger Neiman Marcus had been based for 80 years.{{Citation needed|date=March 2020}}
Bergdorf Goodman's parent company became the object of takeover bids in the 1980s. As a way to maintain its independence, [[Carter Hawley Hale Stores|Carter Hawley]] completed a major financial restructuring. In 1987, Bergdorf Goodman was spun-off, together with Neiman Marcus and [[Contempo Casuals]], to form [[Neiman Marcus Group]]. The new company was headquartered in [[Dallas]], [[Texas]], where the significantly larger Neiman Marcus had been based for 80 years.{{Citation needed|date=March 2020}}


===Reaching the centennial (1990–present)===
===Reaching the centennial (1990–present)===
[[Chairman]] and [[CEO]] [[Ira Neimark]] expanded the women's store three times in the 1990s. He moved the men's store across the street to the former [[FAO Schwarz]] space at 745 Fifth Avenue in 1990.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Barmash|first=Isadore|date=1988-08-31|title=Bergdorf Will Open A 2d Store|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/31/business/bergdorf-will-open-a-2d-store.html|access-date=2020-05-21|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> This move allowed more space for women's fashions. In 1997, the former Goodman family apartment on the building's ninth floor became the [[John Barrett (salon)|John Barrett Salon]] and Susan Ciminelli Day Spa. In 1999, the Beauty Level opened directly below the main floor, offering a luxury spa and Goodman's Café, serving lunch and afternoon tea.<ref name=Barmash>{{cite news |title=Bergdorf Weighs a Satellite Store |first=Isadore |last=Barmash |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/18/business/bergdorf-weighs-a-satellite-store.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=August 18, 1988 |access-date=2011-11-19}}</ref>
[[Chairman]] and [[CEO]] [[Ira Neimark]] expanded the women's store three times in the 1990s. He moved the men's store across the street to the former [[FAO Schwarz]] space at 745 Fifth Avenue in 1990.<ref name="nyt-1988-08-31"/> This move allowed more space for women's fashions. In 1997, the former Goodman family apartment on the building's ninth floor became the [[John Barrett (salon)|John Barrett Salon]] and Susan Ciminelli Day Spa. In 1999, the Beauty Level opened directly below the main floor, offering a luxury spa and Goodman's Café, serving lunch and afternoon tea.<ref name=Barmash>{{cite news |title=Bergdorf Weighs a Satellite Store |first=Isadore |last=Barmash |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/18/business/bergdorf-weighs-a-satellite-store.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=August 18, 1988 |access-date=November 19, 2011}}</ref>


In 2002, the Bergdorf Goodman Building underwent a major restoration, including a restoration of the main floor of the women's store. In 2003, the store introduced new boutiques for [[Chanel]], [[Giorgio Armani]], [[Gucci]], [[Versace]], and [[Yves Saint-Laurent (brand)|Yves Saint Laurent]]. The Bergdorf Goodman Men's store features exclusive brands such as [[Loro Piana]], [[Kiton]], [[Brunello Cucinelli]], [[John Lobb Bootmaker|John Lobb]], [[Thom Browne]], [[Bontoni]], [[Tom Ford]], and [[Charvet Place Vendôme|Charvet]].
In 2002, the Bergdorf Goodman Building underwent a major restoration, including a restoration of the main floor of the women's store. In 2003, the store introduced new boutiques for [[Chanel]], [[Giorgio Armani]], [[Gucci]], [[Versace]], and [[Yves Saint-Laurent (brand)|Yves Saint Laurent]]. The Bergdorf Goodman Men's store features exclusive brands such as [[Loro Piana]], [[Kiton]], [[Brunello Cucinelli]], [[John Lobb Bootmaker|John Lobb]], [[Thom Browne]], [[Bontoni]], [[Tom Ford]], and [[Charvet Place Vendôme|Charvet]].
Line 86: Line 80:


==In media and popular culture==
==In media and popular culture==
The store has been the subject of two documentary films: the 2001 film ''[[Dita and the Family Business]]'',<ref name=TCM>{{cite web| title=Dita and the Family Business| url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/460043/Dita-and-the-Family-Business/| work=[[Turner Classic Movies]]| access-date=5 July 2011}}</ref> exploring the store from the point of view of its owners, and the 2013 feature documentary ''[[Scatter My Ashes at Bergdorf's]]'', which features many testimonials from designers and celebrities. In 1953’s movie ''[[How to Marry a Millionaire]]'', Lauren Bacall, Betty Grable, and Marilyn Monroe consider “the mink department at Bergdorf’s” the ideal location to meet men. Cary Grant sent Doris Day on a shopping spree at the store in the 1962 movie ''[[That Touch of Mink]]''. <!--Marlo Thomas winked at a mannequin who looked like her in the opening theme of "[[That Girl]]" from seasons 2 thru 5.-->The store has also made several appearances in the cartoon [[Neo Yokio]]. The protagonist, Kaz Kaan, and his rival, Arcangelo, both buy their suits from Bergdorf's. Most recently, Bergdorf Goodman was featured in a scene of the film ''[[Ocean's 8]]'' in which [[Sandra Bullock]]'s character steals cosmetics from the store.<ref>{{cite news |title="Ocean's 8" Isn't Up to the Talents of Its Stars |first=Richard |last=Brody |url=https://www.newyorker.com/culture/richard-brody/oceans-8-isnt-up-to-the-talents-of-its-female-stars |newspaper=The New Yorker |date=June 7, 2018 |access-date=May 6, 2019}}</ref>
The store has been the subject of two documentary films: the 2001 film ''[[Dita and the Family Business]]'',<ref name=TCM>{{cite web| title=Dita and the Family Business| url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/460043/Dita-and-the-Family-Business/| work=[[Turner Classic Movies]]| access-date=July 5, 2011}}</ref> exploring the store from the point of view of its owners, and the 2013 feature documentary ''[[Scatter My Ashes at Bergdorf's]]'', which features many testimonials from designers and celebrities. In 1953's movie ''[[How to Marry a Millionaire]]'', Lauren Bacall, Betty Grable, and Marilyn Monroe consider "the mink department at Bergdorf's" the ideal location to meet men. Cary Grant sends Doris Day on a shopping spree at the store in the 1962 movie ''[[That Touch of Mink]]''. <!--Marlo Thomas winked at a mannequin who looked like her in the opening theme of "[[That Girl]]" from seasons 2 thru 5.-->The store has also made several appearances in the cartoon ''[[Neo Yokio]]''. The protagonist, Kaz Kaan, and his rival, Arcangelo, both buy their suits from Bergdorf's. Most recently, Bergdorf Goodman was featured in a scene of the film ''[[Ocean's 8]]'' in which [[Sandra Bullock]]'s character steals cosmetics from the store.<ref>{{cite news |title="Ocean's 8" Isn't Up to the Talents of Its Stars |first=Richard |last=Brody |url=https://www.newyorker.com/culture/richard-brody/oceans-8-isnt-up-to-the-talents-of-its-female-stars |newspaper=The New Yorker |date=June 7, 2018 |access-date=May 6, 2019}}</ref>


The store was prominently featured in the film ''[[Arthur (1981 film)|Arthur]]'' in 1981. The store was featured in the Miss Piggy/ Joan Rivers scene of ''[[The Muppets Take Manhattan]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0087755/locations|title=The Muppets Take Manhattan (1984) - IMDb|website=[[IMDb]] }}</ref> The store was also featured in Sex and the City as a favorite shopping location of central character Carrie Bradshaw. It was particularly featured in the Sex and the City 2 movie.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sceen-it.com/sceen/2352/Sex-and-the-City-2/Bergdorf-Goodman-Store|title=Sex and the City 2 at Bergdorf Goodman Store - filming location}}</ref> In the television show [[Parks and Recreation]], the character April Ludgate pretends on multiple occasions to be an exaggerated socialite named "Janet Snakehole," whose husband keeps her in "the finest Bergdorf Goodman" clothing. The first time April plays this character within a character, she is mock arrested by another character-in-character, Andy Dwyer pretending to be FBI agent Burt Macklin. Macklin attempts to arrest Snakehole, causing Snakehole to shriek that she never stole the (assumedly Bergdorf Goodman) jewels, her sister did, "but now she's been eaten by wolves!"
The store was prominently featured in the film ''[[Arthur (1981 film)|Arthur]]'' in 1981. The store was featured in the Miss Piggy/Joan Rivers scene of ''[[The Muppets Take Manhattan]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0087755/locations|title=The Muppets Take Manhattan (1984)|website=[[IMDb]] }}</ref> It was also featured in ''[[Sex and the City]]'' as a favorite shopping location of central character Carrie Bradshaw. It was particularly featured in the ''[[Sex and the City 2]]'' movie.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sceen-it.com/sceen/2352/Sex-and-the-City-2/Bergdorf-Goodman-Store|title=Sex and the City 2 at Bergdorf Goodman Store filming location}}</ref> In the television show ''[[Parks and Recreation]]'', the character April Ludgate pretends on multiple occasions to be an exaggerated socialite named "Janet Snakehole", whose husband keeps her in "the finest Bergdorf Goodman" clothing. The first time April plays this character within a character, she is mock arrested by another character-in-character, Andy Dwyer pretending to be FBI agent Burt Macklin. Macklin attempts to arrest Snakehole, causing Snakehole to shriek that she never stole the (assumedly Bergdorf Goodman) jewels, her sister did, "but now she's been eaten by wolves!"


In 2019, news journalist [[E. Jean Carroll]] alleged that [[Donald Trump]] had sexually assaulted her in a Bergdorf Goodman dressing room in the 1990s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Sarah |date=2019-06-21 |title=E. Jean Carroll: "Trump attacked me in the dressing room of Bergdorf Goodman." |url=http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2019/06/president-donald-trump-faces-new-rape-accusation.html |access-date=2019-06-21 |website=Intelligencer |language=en}}</ref> He was found liable of sexually assaulting her by a 2023 jury, but not liable of raping her.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-09 |title=Jury finds Trump sexually abused writer in NY store |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-65531098 |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref>
In 2019, news journalist [[E. Jean Carroll]] alleged that [[Donald Trump]] had sexually assaulted her in a Bergdorf Goodman dressing room in the 1990s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Sarah |date=June 21, 2019 |title=E. Jean Carroll: "Trump attacked me in the dressing room of Bergdorf Goodman." |url=http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2019/06/president-donald-trump-faces-new-rape-accusation.html |access-date=June 21, 2019 |website=Intelligencer |language=en}}</ref> Trump was found [[E. Jean Carroll v. Donald J. Trump|liable of sexually assaulting her]] by a jury in 2023, but not liable of raping her.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Halpert |first1=Madeline |last2=Matza |first2=Max |date=May 9, 2023 |title=Jury finds Trump sexually abused writer in NY store |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-65531098 |access-date=May 10, 2023 |publisher=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> In March 2024, Trump referred to Carroll as "Miss Bergdorf Goodman" in an interview on the [[CNBC]] show "[[Squawk Box]]",<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fortinsky |first=Sarah |date=March 11, 2024 |title=Trump dubs Carroll 'Miss Bergdorf Goodman' in dig at defamation verdict |url=https://thehill.com/regulation/court-battles/4524183-trump-dubs-carroll-miss-bergdorf-goodman-in-dig-at-defamation-verdict/ |access-date=March 11, 2024 |website=The Hill |language=en-US}}</ref> which led to Carroll's attorney threatening a third defamation lawsuit against Trump.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Breuninger |first=Kevin |date=March 11, 2024 |title=E. Jean Carroll lawyer suggests third Trump defamation lawsuit possible after new comments |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2024/03/11/trump-again-attacks-e-jean-carroll-as-he-appeals-rape-defamation-penalties.html |access-date=March 11, 2024 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Barneys New York]]
* [[Barneys New York]]
*[[Saks Fifth Avenue]]
* [[Artipoppe]]
*[[List of department stores]]
* [[Saks Fifth Avenue]]
* [[List of department stores]]
*[[National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan from 14th to 59th Streets]]
*[[List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan from 14th to 59th Streets]]


==References==
==References==
Line 109: Line 102:


{{Department stores in the United States}}
{{Department stores in the United States}}
{{Bergdorf Goodman|state=collapsed}}{{Neiman Marcus|state=autocollapse}}
{{Bergdorf Goodman|state=collapsed}}
{{Neiman Marcus|state=autocollapse}}
{{Fifth Avenue}}
{{Fifth Avenue}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
Line 117: Line 111:
[[Category:American companies established in 1899]]
[[Category:American companies established in 1899]]
[[Category:Clothing retailers of the United States]]
[[Category:Clothing retailers of the United States]]
[[Category:Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2020]]
[[Category:Department stores of the United States]]
[[Category:Department stores of the United States]]
[[Category:Fifth Avenue]]
[[Category:Fifth Avenue]]
Line 123: Line 118:
[[Category:Retail companies established in 1899]]
[[Category:Retail companies established in 1899]]
[[Category:Shops in New York City]]
[[Category:Shops in New York City]]
[[Category:Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2020]]
[[Category:Warburg Pincus companies]]

Latest revision as of 21:28, 26 December 2024

Bergdorf Goodman Inc.
Company typeSubsidiary
IndustryRetail
GenreDepartment stores
Founded1899; 126 years ago (1899) in New York City, U.S.
FounderHerman Bergdorf
Headquarters754 5th Ave, New York, NY USA 10019
40°45′48″N 73°58′27″W / 40.7634°N 73.9741°W / 40.7634; -73.9741
Number of locations
2 (both on 700 block 5th Ave, New York City)
Key people
  • Linda Fargo (women's CD)
  • Bruce Pask (men's CD)[1]
Products
Parent
Websitebergdorfgoodman.com

Bergdorf Goodman Inc. is an American luxury department store based in New York City, founded in 1899 by Herman Bergdorf. As of 2024, it operates a women's store and a men's store across the street from each other on Fifth Avenue in Midtown Manhattan. Since 2024 it has been owned by Saks Global, the American division of the Hudson's Bay Company.[2]

History

[edit]

Founding and early history (1899–1951)

[edit]

The company traces its origins to 1899 when Herman Bergdorf, an immigrant from Alsace, opened a tailor's shop just above Union Square in downtown Manhattan.

Edwin Goodman, a 23-year-old American Jewish[3] merchant, based in Lockport, New York, moved to New York City to work as an apprentice for Bergdorf.[4] Within two years, Goodman had raised enough money to purchase an interest in the business, which was renamed Bergdorf Goodman in 1901. In 1906, Bergdorf Goodman moved to a new location on 32nd Street, just west of Fifth Avenue and "Ladies' Mile". While Bergdorf preferred the less expensive side street location, Goodman prevailed with the new location and bought Bergdorf's interest in the company. Bergdorf would retire to Paris.

Although Goodman had developed a good business as a ladies' tailor on 32nd Street, he decided to move uptown in 1914. He constructed a five-story building at 616 Fifth Avenue, on the site of what is today Rockefeller Center.[5] In 1914, he became the first couturier to introduce ready-to-wear, making Bergdorf Goodman a destination for American and French fashion.

The store moved to its present location at Fifth Avenue and 58th Street in 1928, building its Beaux-Arts style Bergdorf Goodman Building on the site of the Cornelius Vanderbilt II House. Goodman was unsure of the success of the new store's location, as he was uncertain whether customers would follow the store uptown and so designed the new store so that it could be subdivided into sections with storefronts that could be let if needed. Early tenants included Van Cleef & Arpels, the Grande Maison de Blanc and Dobbs the Hatter.[6] During the Great Depression, however, Goodman thrived, buying the entire building. Throughout the 1930s, he purchased the mortgages of the surrounding businesses, eventually acquiring the entire block. During this period, Bergdorf Goodman was successful enough to have merited an expansion beyond the single store. However, Goodman preferred to operate in a single location where he would be able to personally maintain the quality of the merchandise and service.

The second generation (1951–1972)

[edit]
"The Neptune Bracelet," An early Alwand Vahan Design made for Bergdorf Goodman in 1969
Miss Bergdorf dress from Taffy, designer Anne T. Hill, 1956

Goodman's son, Andrew, assumed the role of president in 1951 and succeeded as head of the company in 1953, following the death of his father.[7] Andrew was responsible for enhancing Bergdorf's reputation and expanding its range of merchandise and services.

During Andrew's tenure as chairman, Bergdorf opened a fur salon (headed by Emeric Partos from 1955 to 1975),[8] developed the successful Bergdorf Goodman Number Nine perfume ("Love Potion Number Nine"), and created Miss Bergdorf, a ready-to-wear line for younger customers.

The Bergdorf Goodman Building began a $1 million expansion in 1959 ($10.5 million today) into two adjacent buildings. The Boys and Girls gift shop expanded into a whole floor, and the beauty salon and bridal, fur and men's departments also expanded.[9] A $2.5 million expansion in 1967 ($22.8 million today) nearly doubled the store's area, to 120,000 square feet (11,000 m2).[7] A branch in Chicago was proposed in 1965[10] but canceled two years later.[11]

New ownership (1972–1990)

[edit]

Broadway-Hale Stores proposed merging with Bergdorf Goodman in 1971,[12] and the Federal Trade Commission approved the merger the next year.[13] Broadway-Hale Stores, which would become Carter Hawley Hale Stores (CHH), completed its acquisition of Bergdorf Goodman in June 1972.[14] CHH had acquired Neiman Marcus, a three-unit operation at the time, in 1969. By the time of the sale, Bergdorf Goodman was the only large high-quality specialty store in the U.S. that remained independently owned. However, its decision not to build suburban branches left it with a relatively modest profit margin. Goodman remained the landlord of the store and kept a penthouse apartment on the building's top floor.[7]

A Badgley Mischka fur coat on display in the window of Bergdorf Goodman's Fifth Avenue store in 2008

At first, CHH considered building branch locations,[15] ultimately only constructing one location, in nearby White Plains, New York, in 1974. This location eventually became a Neiman Marcus branch in 1980.[16] To combat its image difficulties, the company hired Dawn Mello in 1975 as vice president of fashion. She was successful in reinvigorating the conservative store and became president in 1984. She left her post in 1989 to work for the floundering Italian fashion house Gucci, though she returned to her post as president in 1994.[citation needed]

Bergdorf Goodman's parent company became the object of takeover bids in the 1980s. As a way to maintain its independence, Carter Hawley completed a major financial restructuring. In 1987, Bergdorf Goodman was spun-off, together with Neiman Marcus and Contempo Casuals, to form Neiman Marcus Group. The new company was headquartered in Dallas, Texas, where the significantly larger Neiman Marcus had been based for 80 years.[citation needed]

Reaching the centennial (1990–present)

[edit]

Chairman and CEO Ira Neimark expanded the women's store three times in the 1990s. He moved the men's store across the street to the former FAO Schwarz space at 745 Fifth Avenue in 1990.[16] This move allowed more space for women's fashions. In 1997, the former Goodman family apartment on the building's ninth floor became the John Barrett Salon and Susan Ciminelli Day Spa. In 1999, the Beauty Level opened directly below the main floor, offering a luxury spa and Goodman's Café, serving lunch and afternoon tea.[17]

In 2002, the Bergdorf Goodman Building underwent a major restoration, including a restoration of the main floor of the women's store. In 2003, the store introduced new boutiques for Chanel, Giorgio Armani, Gucci, Versace, and Yves Saint Laurent. The Bergdorf Goodman Men's store features exclusive brands such as Loro Piana, Kiton, Brunello Cucinelli, John Lobb, Thom Browne, Bontoni, Tom Ford, and Charvet.

On May 2, 2005, two private equity firms, Texas Pacific Group and Warburg Pincus, acquired the Neiman Marcus Group and its Bergdorf subsidiary, in a leveraged buyout (LBO).[18]

[edit]

The store has been the subject of two documentary films: the 2001 film Dita and the Family Business,[19] exploring the store from the point of view of its owners, and the 2013 feature documentary Scatter My Ashes at Bergdorf's, which features many testimonials from designers and celebrities. In 1953's movie How to Marry a Millionaire, Lauren Bacall, Betty Grable, and Marilyn Monroe consider "the mink department at Bergdorf's" the ideal location to meet men. Cary Grant sends Doris Day on a shopping spree at the store in the 1962 movie That Touch of Mink. The store has also made several appearances in the cartoon Neo Yokio. The protagonist, Kaz Kaan, and his rival, Arcangelo, both buy their suits from Bergdorf's. Most recently, Bergdorf Goodman was featured in a scene of the film Ocean's 8 in which Sandra Bullock's character steals cosmetics from the store.[20]

The store was prominently featured in the film Arthur in 1981. The store was featured in the Miss Piggy/Joan Rivers scene of The Muppets Take Manhattan.[21] It was also featured in Sex and the City as a favorite shopping location of central character Carrie Bradshaw. It was particularly featured in the Sex and the City 2 movie.[22] In the television show Parks and Recreation, the character April Ludgate pretends on multiple occasions to be an exaggerated socialite named "Janet Snakehole", whose husband keeps her in "the finest Bergdorf Goodman" clothing. The first time April plays this character within a character, she is mock arrested by another character-in-character, Andy Dwyer pretending to be FBI agent Burt Macklin. Macklin attempts to arrest Snakehole, causing Snakehole to shriek that she never stole the (assumedly Bergdorf Goodman) jewels, her sister did, "but now she's been eaten by wolves!"

In 2019, news journalist E. Jean Carroll alleged that Donald Trump had sexually assaulted her in a Bergdorf Goodman dressing room in the 1990s.[23] Trump was found liable of sexually assaulting her by a jury in 2023, but not liable of raping her.[24] In March 2024, Trump referred to Carroll as "Miss Bergdorf Goodman" in an interview on the CNBC show "Squawk Box",[25] which led to Carroll's attorney threatening a third defamation lawsuit against Trump.[26]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Palmieri, Jean E. (March 13, 2014). "Bruce Pask Takes Men's Fashion Post at Bergdorf Goodman". Women's Wear Daily. Retrieved March 13, 2014.
  2. ^ IV, Antonio Pequeño. "Saks Global Inks $2.7 Billion Acquisition Of Neiman Marcus In Amazon-Backed Deal". Forbes. Retrieved December 25, 2024.
  3. ^ American Jewish Year Book, Volume 95, Cyrus Adler, Henrietta Szold VNR AG, 1995, page 587
  4. ^ "The New York Times Biographical Service". The New York Times Biographical Service: A Compilation of Current Biographical Information of General Interest. Vol. 2. Arno Press. 1971. p. 3390. ISSN 0161-2433.
  5. ^ "Fight in Fifth Ave. Tailors' Strike" (PDF). The New York Times. February 20, 1915. Retrieved November 19, 2011.
  6. ^ Gray, Christopher (August 30, 1998). "The Bergdorf Goodman Building on Fifth Avenue; From Architectural Links to Common Ownership". The New York Times. Retrieved November 19, 2011.
  7. ^ a b c Lambert, Bruce (April 5, 1993). "Andrew Goodman, 86, Bergdorf's Innovator, Dies". The New York Times. Retrieved November 19, 2011.
  8. ^ Lambert, Eleanor (October 4, 1957). "Coty 'Winnie' Awards go to Three Top Designers". Corpus Christi Times. Retrieved June 26, 2022.
  9. ^ "Expansion Plan Is Confirmed, at Bergdorf Goodman". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 98, no. 51. March 16, 1959. p. 8. ProQuest 1565384416.
  10. ^ Bender, Marylin (August 18, 1965). "Bergdorf Heading West; Chicago Branch Planned". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 3, 2024.
  11. ^ "Bergdorf's Drops Chicago Plans". The New York Times. September 13, 1967. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 3, 2024.
  12. ^ Auerbach, Alexander (March 25, 1971). "Broadway-Hale Plans Merger With Bergdorf's". Los Angeles Times. pp. E13. ISSN 0458-3035. ProQuest 156602586; Sloane, Leonard (March 25, 1971). "West Coast Chain To Buy Bergdorf's". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 3, 2024.
  13. ^ "Broadway-Hale Stores Allowed by FTC to Buy Bergdorf Goodman Co.: Panel Agrees New York Retailer Likely Would Close Without Merger for Lack of Funding". The Wall Street Journal. April 14, 1972. p. 30. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 133647487; Barmash, Isadore (April 13, 1972). "Approval of Bergdorf Store Sale To Broadway‐Hale Due Today". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 3, 2024.
  14. ^ "Chris‐Craft Clears Sale of TV Station To Metromedia, Inc". The New York Times. June 23, 1972. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 3, 2024.
  15. ^ Barmash, Isadore (June 14, 1973). "First Bergdorf Branch to Open in 1974". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 3, 2024.
  16. ^ a b Barmash, Isadore (August 31, 1988). "Bergdorf Will Open A 2d Store". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 3, 2024.
  17. ^ Barmash, Isadore (August 18, 1988). "Bergdorf Weighs a Satellite Store". The New York Times. Retrieved November 19, 2011.
  18. ^ "Neiman Marcus in $5.1B buyout". CNNMoney. May 2, 2005.
  19. ^ "Dita and the Family Business". Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved July 5, 2011.
  20. ^ Brody, Richard (June 7, 2018). ""Ocean's 8" Isn't Up to the Talents of Its Stars". The New Yorker. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
  21. ^ "The Muppets Take Manhattan (1984)". IMDb.
  22. ^ "Sex and the City 2 at Bergdorf Goodman Store – filming location".
  23. ^ Jones, Sarah (June 21, 2019). "E. Jean Carroll: "Trump attacked me in the dressing room of Bergdorf Goodman."". Intelligencer. Retrieved June 21, 2019.
  24. ^ Halpert, Madeline; Matza, Max (May 9, 2023). "Jury finds Trump sexually abused writer in NY store". BBC News. Retrieved May 10, 2023.
  25. ^ Fortinsky, Sarah (March 11, 2024). "Trump dubs Carroll 'Miss Bergdorf Goodman' in dig at defamation verdict". The Hill. Retrieved March 11, 2024.
  26. ^ Breuninger, Kevin (March 11, 2024). "E. Jean Carroll lawyer suggests third Trump defamation lawsuit possible after new comments". CNBC. Retrieved March 11, 2024.
[edit]