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{{Short description|Egyptian-Greek Ottoman general}}
'''Ismail Selim Pasha''' ({{lang-el|Ισμαήλ Σελίμ Πασάς}}, c. 1809–1867), also known as '''Ismail Ferik Pasha''', was an [[Khedivate of Egypt|Egyptian]] general of [[Greek language|Greek]] origin. He was a son of the priest Fragios Papadakis.
{{Infobox military person
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|name = Ismail Selim Pasha
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|image = Ismail Selim Pasha portrait.jpg
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|birth_name = Emmanouil Papadakis
|other_name = Ismail Ferik Pasha
|nickname =
|birth_date = {{circa}} 1809
|birth_place = [[Psychro]], [[Ottoman Crete|Crete]], [[Ottoman Empire]]
|death_date = 1867 (aged 58)
|death_place = [[Ottoman Crete|Crete]], [[Ottoman Empire]]
|placeofburial = [[Cairo]], [[Khedivate of Egypt]]
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|allegiance = {{flag|Ottoman Empire}}
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|rank = [[Ferik (rank)|Ferik]] (lieutenant general)
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|battles = {{*}} [[Egyptian–Ottoman War (1831–1833)]]<br />{{*}} [[Cretan Revolt (1866–1869)|Cretan Revolt]]
|battles_label =
|awards =
|memorials =
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|spouse = <!--Add spouse if reliably sourced-->
|children =
|relations = [[Antonios Papadakis]] (brother)
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'''Ismail Selim Pasha''' ({{langx|ar|إسماعيل سليم باشا}}, {{langx|el|Ισμαήλ Σελίμ Πασάς}}, c. 1809–1867), also known as '''Ismail Ferik Pasha''', was an [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]]-[[Khedivate of Egypt|Egyptian]] general of [[Greek language|Greek]] origin. He also served as Minister of Military Affairs of [[Egypt Eyalet|Eyalet of Egypt]], which was Ottoman Empire's administrative state. Selim Pasha was the brother of the Greek merchant and benefactor [[Antonios Papadakis]].


==Early life==
==Early life==
Ismail Selim was born Emmanouil ({{lang-el|Εμμανουήλ Παπαδάκης}}) around 1809 in a village [[Psychro]], located at the [[Lasithi Plateau]] on the island of [[Crete]]. He was a son of the priest of Psychro Fragios Papadakis ({{lang-el|Φραγκιός Παπαδάκης}}) . When the priest Fragios Papadakis , was slaughtered in 1823 by the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] during the [[Greek War of Independence]] , Emmanouil and his younger brothers [[Antonios Papadakis]] ({{lang-el|Αντώνιος Παπαδάκης (1810-1878}}) and Andreas were captured by the Ottoman forces under Hassan Pasha who seized the plateau and were sold as [[Slavery in the Ottoman Empire|slaves]].
Ismail Selim was born Emmanouil ({{langx|el|Εμμανουήλ Παπαδάκης}}) around 1809 in the [[Psychro]] village, located at the [[Lasithi Plateau]] on the island of [[Crete]]. He was a son of the priest of Psychro, Fragios Papadakis ({{langx|el|Φραγκιός Παπαδάκης}}). When the priest was slaughtered in 1823 by the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] during the [[Greek War of Independence]], Emmanouil and his younger brothers [[Antonios Papadakis]] ({{langx|el|Αντώνιος Παπαδάκης (1810-1878}}) and Andreas were captured by the Ottoman forces under Hassan Pasha who seized the plateau and were sold as [[Slavery in the Ottoman Empire|slaves]].


==Military career==
==Military career==
Selim was sold to [[Egypt]] where he converted to [[Islam]] and was admitted to the [[Egyptian Military Academy]]. After graduating, he pursued a military career and fought with [[Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt|Ibrahim]] in the [[Egyptian–Ottoman War (1831–1833)|campaigns in Syria]]. Selim rose quickly to the rank of [[Ferik (rank)|Ferik]] (major general) and was appointed the Minister of Military Affairs of the state of Egypt.
Selim was sold to [[Egypt]] where he converted to [[Islam]] and was admitted to the [[Egyptian Military Academy]]. After graduating, he pursued a military career and fought with [[Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt|Ibrahim]] in the [[Egyptian–Ottoman War (1831–1833)|campaigns in Syria]]. Selim rose quickly to the rank of [[Ferik (rank)|Ferik]] (major general) and was appointed the Minister of Military Affairs of the state of Egypt. Ismail Selim Pasha gifted a [[yacht]] called [[Ottoman yacht Sultaniye|Feyz-i Cihat]] belonging to the Egyptian Khedivate to the Ottoman Sultan [[Abdulaziz]] in 1862.


==Return to Crete and death==
==Return to Crete and death==
In 1866, Selim replaced Shaheen Pasha, in the command of over 20,000 Egyptian troops sent by the [[Khedive]] of Egypt [[Isma'il Pasha]], to assist the [[Ottomans]] in quelling the [[Cretan Revolt (1866–1869)|great revolt]] on his native land. By a coincidence of fate, Cretan revolutionaries were receiving supplies<ref>Book: Potamoi, by [[Ioannis Sotiris Alexakis]] chapters A to Θ, [http://www.vikelaia.gr ]</ref> and financial support from Selim's brother Antonios who lived in [[Athens]]. Antonios had been sold to [[Constantinople]] and later managed to escape to [[Odessa]] where he prospered under the protection of the [[Sturdza family]]<ref>Further reading [[Mihail Sturdza]], [[Roxandra Sturdza]], [[Alexandru Sturdza]]</ref> and became very wealthy. Selim was aware of his brother's life and had been corresponding with him.<ref>[http://www.patris.gr/articles/92418 Ο εθνικός ευεργέτης Αντώνης Φ. Παπαδάκης, Πατρίς onLine, 24 Αυγούστου 2006]</ref>
In 1866, Selim replaced Shaheen Pasha, in the command of over 20,000 Egyptian troops sent by the [[Khedive]] of Egypt [[Isma'il Pasha]], to assist the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] in quelling the [[Cretan Revolt (1866–1869)|great revolt]] on his native land. By a coincidence of fate, Cretan revolutionaries were receiving supplies<ref>Book: Potamoi, by [[Ioannis Sotiris Alexakis]] chapters A to Θ, [http://www.vikelaia.gr ]</ref> and financial support from Selim's brother Antonios who lived in [[Athens]]. Antonios had been sold to [[Constantinople]] and later managed to escape to [[Odessa]] where he prospered under the protection of the [[Sturdza family]]<ref>Further reading [[Mihail Sturdza]], [[Roxandra Sturdza]], [[Alexandru Sturdza]]</ref> and became very wealthy. Selim was aware of his brother's life and had been corresponding with him.<ref>[http://www.patris.gr/articles/92418 Ο εθνικός ευεργέτης Αντώνης Φ. Παπαδάκης, Πατρίς onLine, 24 Αυγούστου 2006]; archived [https://web.archive.org/web/20180617193020/http://archive.patris.gr/articles/92418#.Wya2zn3P3y0 here]</ref>


In Crete, Selim took part in several battles as well as in the siege of the [[Arkadi Monastery]]. During the late spring of 1867, he and [[Omar Pasha]] marched towards the Lasithi plateau aiming to crush the rebels.<ref name="Patris29052007">[http://www.patris.gr/articles/110817 Η Μάχη του Λασιθίου: Στη μεγάλη Κρητική Επανάσταση 1866-1869, Πατρίς onLine, 29 Μαΐου 2007]; archived [https://www.webcitation.org/6qNoPxguj here]</ref><ref>General [[Ioannis Sotiris Alexakis]], author, book The Alexises, Athens, 1969, pgs 102-122, 232, 321 [http://www.vikelaia.gr ] and [http://www.nlg.gr ]</ref> Soon after the destruction of Lasithi, Selim died of an unknown cause. According to one reference he died of [[typhoid fever]], while other sources attribute his death to the complications of a gunshot wound he had received earlier in [[Stylos]], and a third reference tells that the death of Ismail might have been poisoning. It was said that Ismail did not move enough against the villagers, and therefore, Omar Pasha punished him. When his brother Antonios learned about the death of his brother, he is rumored to have said that "perhaps my brother was hit by one of the weapons I sent". His body was transferred to Egypt and buried in [[Alexandria]] with high honors, whereas a [[cenotaph]] dedicated to him was erected in [[Heraklion]] and stood until 1925.<ref>[http://www.patris.gr/articles/119660 Η δραματική ζωή δυο αδελφών Ισμαήλ Σελίμ Πασά και Αντώνη Φ. Παπαδάκη, Πατρίς onLine, 17 Οκτωβρίου 2007]; archived [https://www.webcitation.org/6qNovdhQj here]</ref> His bust is at the [[Egyptian National Military Museum]] in [[Cairo]].
In Crete, Selim took part in several battles as well as in the siege of the [[Arkadi Monastery]]. During the late spring of 1867, he and [[Omar Pasha]] marched towards the Lasithi plateau aiming to crush the rebels.<ref name="Patris29052007">[http://www.patris.gr/articles/110817 Η Μάχη του Λασιθίου: Στη μεγάλη Κρητική Επανάσταση 1866-1869, Πατρίς onLine, 29 Μαΐου 2007]; archived [https://web.archive.org/web/20180617192742/http://www.patris.gr/articles/110817/ here]</ref><ref>General [[Ioannis Sotiris Alexakis]], author, book The Alexises, Athens, 1969, pgs 102-122, 232, 321 [http://www.vikelaia.gr ] and [http://www.nlg.gr ]</ref> Soon after the destruction of Lasithi, Selim died of an unknown cause. According to one reference he died of [[typhoid fever]], while other sources attribute his death to the complications of a gunshot wound he had received earlier in [[Stylos]], and a third reference tells that the death of Ismail might have been poisoning. It was said that Ismail did not move enough against the villagers, and therefore, Omar Pasha punished him.{{fact|date=February 2021}} When his brother Antonios learned about the death of his brother, he is rumored to have said that "perhaps my brother was hit by one of the weapons I sent". His body was transferred to Egypt and buried in [[Cairo]] with high honors, whereas a [[cenotaph]] dedicated to him was erected in [[Heraklion]] and stood until 1925.<ref>[http://www.patris.gr/articles/119660 Η δραματική ζωή δυο αδελφών Ισμαήλ Σελίμ Πασά και Αντώνη Φ. Παπαδάκη, Πατρίς onLine, 17 Οκτωβρίου 2007]; archived [https://web.archive.org/web/20170615193031/http://www.patris.gr/articles/119660 here]</ref> His bust and Portrayed are at the [[Egyptian National Military Museum]] in [[Cairo]].


==References==
==References==
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==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.unesco.org/culture/lit/rep/pop.php?fnc=record&lng=en_GB&record=5658 The Life of Ismail Ferik Pasha (Spina nel Cuore) by Rhea Galanaki]
* [http://www.unesco.org/culture/lit/rep/pop.php?fnc=record&lng=en_GB&record=5658 The Life of Ismail Ferik Pasha (Spina nel Cuore) by Rhea Galanaki]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Selim, Ismail Pasha}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Selim, Ismail Pasha}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:People from Lasithi]]

[[Category:19th-century Egyptian people]]
[[Category:19th-century Egyptian people]]
[[Category:19th-century Greek people]]
[[Category:19th-century Greek military personnel]]
[[Category:Greek slaves of the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:Greek slaves from the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:19th-century slaves from the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:Egyptian people of the Egyptian–Ottoman War (1839–1841)]]
[[Category:Egyptian people of the Egyptian–Ottoman War (1839–1841)]]
[[Category:1809 births]]
[[Category:1800s births]]
[[Category:1867 deaths]]
[[Category:1867 deaths]]
[[Category:People of the Ottoman Empire of Greek descent]]
[[Category:People from the Ottoman Empire of Greek descent]]
[[Category:Converts to Islam from Eastern Orthodoxy]]
[[Category:Converts to Islam from Eastern Orthodoxy]]
[[Category:Former Greek Orthodox Christians]]
[[Category:Former Greek Orthodox Christians]]
[[Category:Egyptian pashas]]
[[Category:Egyptian pashas]]
[[Category:Ottoman Crete]]
[[Category:Ottoman Crete]]
[[Category:Burials in Egypt]]
[[Category:People from Lasithi Plateau]]
[[Category:Genealogy of Crete]]
[[Category:History of Crete]]

Latest revision as of 22:19, 26 December 2024

Ismail Selim Pasha
Birth nameEmmanouil Papadakis
Other name(s)Ismail Ferik Pasha
Bornc. 1809
Psychro, Crete, Ottoman Empire
Died1867 (aged 58)
Crete, Ottoman Empire
Buried
Allegiance Ottoman Empire
RankFerik (lieutenant general)
Battles / wars • Egyptian–Ottoman War (1831–1833)
 • Cretan Revolt
RelationsAntonios Papadakis (brother)

Ismail Selim Pasha (Arabic: إسماعيل سليم باشا, Greek: Ισμαήλ Σελίμ Πασάς, c. 1809–1867), also known as Ismail Ferik Pasha, was an Ottoman-Egyptian general of Greek origin. He also served as Minister of Military Affairs of Eyalet of Egypt, which was Ottoman Empire's administrative state. Selim Pasha was the brother of the Greek merchant and benefactor Antonios Papadakis.

Early life

[edit]

Ismail Selim was born Emmanouil (Greek: Εμμανουήλ Παπαδάκης) around 1809 in the Psychro village, located at the Lasithi Plateau on the island of Crete. He was a son of the priest of Psychro, Fragios Papadakis (Greek: Φραγκιός Παπαδάκης). When the priest was slaughtered in 1823 by the Ottomans during the Greek War of Independence, Emmanouil and his younger brothers Antonios Papadakis (Greek: Αντώνιος Παπαδάκης (1810-1878) and Andreas were captured by the Ottoman forces under Hassan Pasha who seized the plateau and were sold as slaves.

Military career

[edit]

Selim was sold to Egypt where he converted to Islam and was admitted to the Egyptian Military Academy. After graduating, he pursued a military career and fought with Ibrahim in the campaigns in Syria. Selim rose quickly to the rank of Ferik (major general) and was appointed the Minister of Military Affairs of the state of Egypt. Ismail Selim Pasha gifted a yacht called Feyz-i Cihat belonging to the Egyptian Khedivate to the Ottoman Sultan Abdulaziz in 1862.

Return to Crete and death

[edit]

In 1866, Selim replaced Shaheen Pasha, in the command of over 20,000 Egyptian troops sent by the Khedive of Egypt Isma'il Pasha, to assist the Ottomans in quelling the great revolt on his native land. By a coincidence of fate, Cretan revolutionaries were receiving supplies[1] and financial support from Selim's brother Antonios who lived in Athens. Antonios had been sold to Constantinople and later managed to escape to Odessa where he prospered under the protection of the Sturdza family[2] and became very wealthy. Selim was aware of his brother's life and had been corresponding with him.[3]

In Crete, Selim took part in several battles as well as in the siege of the Arkadi Monastery. During the late spring of 1867, he and Omar Pasha marched towards the Lasithi plateau aiming to crush the rebels.[4][5] Soon after the destruction of Lasithi, Selim died of an unknown cause. According to one reference he died of typhoid fever, while other sources attribute his death to the complications of a gunshot wound he had received earlier in Stylos, and a third reference tells that the death of Ismail might have been poisoning. It was said that Ismail did not move enough against the villagers, and therefore, Omar Pasha punished him.[citation needed] When his brother Antonios learned about the death of his brother, he is rumored to have said that "perhaps my brother was hit by one of the weapons I sent". His body was transferred to Egypt and buried in Cairo with high honors, whereas a cenotaph dedicated to him was erected in Heraklion and stood until 1925.[6] His bust and Portrayed are at the Egyptian National Military Museum in Cairo.

References

[edit]
  • Encyclopedia PAPYRUS-LAROUSSE-BRITANNICA, 61 volumes, [4]
  • Encyclopedia DRANDAKI, [5] and [6]
[edit]