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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox film
{{Infobox film
| name = Jeevitha Nouka
| image = Jeevitha Nouka.jpg
| image = Jeevitha Nouka.jpg
| caption = Advertisement of the Malayalam version
| image_size =
| caption = The advertisement of the Malayalam version of the film
| director = K. Vembu
| director = K. Vembu
| producer = K. V. Koshi<br/>[[Kunchako]]
| producer = K. V. Koshi<br />[[Kunchako]]
| writer = [[Muthukulam Raghavan Pillai]]
| writer = [[Muthukulam Raghavan Pillai]]
| starring = [[Thikkurissi Sukumaran Nair]]<br/>B. S. Saroja<br/>Adhimoolam<br/>Pankajavalli<br/>S.P.Pillai<br/>Nanukuttan
| story = K&K Productions
| starring = [[Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair]]<br />B. S. Saroja<br />Adhimoolam<br />Pankajavalli<br />S.P.Pillai<br />Nanukuttan
| music = [[V. Dakshinamoorthy]]
| music = [[V. Dakshinamoorthy]]
| cinematography = P. B. Mani
| cinematography = P. B. Mani
| editing = [[S. Williams]]
| editing = [[S. Williams]]
| studio = [[Udaya Studios|K&K Combines]]<br/>(Udaya Studios)
| studio = [[Udaya Studios|K&K Productions]]
| distributor =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1951|3|15|df=y}}
| released = {{Film date|1951|3|15|df=y}}
| runtime = 170 minutes
| runtime = 170 minutes
| country = India
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| language = Malayalam
| budget = {{INR}} 5 lakhs<ref name="economy">{{cite book|last= M. A. Oommen, Kumbattu Varkey Joseph|first=|title= Economics of Indian cinema|edition= |series= |year=1991 |publisher= Oxford & IBH Publications|location= India|language=|isbn= 81-204-0575-7|page=50|chapter=}}</ref>
| budget = {{INR}} 20,000 (approx:₹704447.82)<ref name="economy">{{Cite book |last=M. A. Oommen, Kumbattu Varkey Joseph |title=Economics of Indian cinema |publisher=Oxford & IBH Publications |year=1991 |isbn=81-204-0575-7 |location=India |page=50}}</ref>
| gross =30 lakhs
| gross =
}}
}}


'''''Jeevitha Nouka''''' ({{lang-en|The Boat of Life}}) is a 1951 [[Malayalam film]] directed by K. Vembu and jointly produced by K. V. Koshi and [[Kunchako]]. It was the first "super hit film" in Malayalam cinema, with a theatrical run of 284 days.<ref>{{cite book|last= Thoraval |first= Yves |title= The cinemas of India (Les Cinemas de L lnde)|edition= |series= |year= 1998|publisher= Macmillan India|location= France|language=French|isbn= 0-333-93410-5|page=|chapter=}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last= Kerala Sahitya Academy |first= |title= Malayalam literary survey Volume 20, Issue 1|edition= |series= Malayalam literary survey |year= 1998|publisher= Macmillan India|location= India|language=|isbn= |page=23|chapter=}}</ref> Made at a budget of {{INR}} 5 lakhs, the film did extremely well at the box office, such that very few films could surpass it later.<ref name="economy"/> It was simultaneously shot in Tamil and Telugu, and was dubbed and released in Hindi.<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2008/08/16/stories/2008081653751300.htm|title=Jeevitha Nouka 1951|author=B. Vijayakumar|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=16 August 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161016064106/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/article1422985.ece|archivedate=16 October 2016}}</ref> The film portrayed the life of simple folk in a small village in Kerala. It stars [[Thikkurissi Sukumaran Nair]] and [[B. S. Saroja]] in the lead roles, with the latter making her debut and the former in his first major role.<ref>{{cite book|last= National Film Development Corporation of India |first= |title= Cinema in India: Volume 2 |edition= |series=Cinema in India |year= 1991|publisher= |location= India|language=|isbn= 0-333-93410-5|page=|chapter=}}</ref> Its music is composed by [[V. Dakshinamoorthy]] and popular playback singer [[Mehboob (singer)|Mehboob]] debuted through this film.<ref name="The Hindu"/> It is a remake of the Hindi film ''Jeevan Nayya'' with revised screenplay.
'''''Jeevitha Nouka''''' ({{translation|''The Lifeboat''}}) is a 1951 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language film directed by K. Vembu and jointly produced by K. V. Koshi and [[Kunchako]]. It was the first "blockbuster cinema" in [[Malayalam cinema]], with a theatrical run of 284 days.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thoraval |first=Yves |title=The cinemas of India (Les Cinemas de L lnde) |publisher=Macmillan India |year=1998 |isbn=0-333-93410-5 |location=France |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kerala Sahitya Academy |title=Malayalam litreary survey Volume 20, Issue 1 |publisher=Macmillan India |year=1998 |location=India |page=23}}</ref> Made at a budget of {{INR}}20,000, it was a commercial success at the box office, such that very few cinemas could surpass it later.<ref name="economy" /> It was simultaneously shot in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]], and was dubbed and released in [[Hindi]].<ref name="The Hindu">{{Cite web |last=Vijayakumar |first=B. |date=16 August 2008 |title=Jeevitha Nouka 1951 |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2008/08/16/stories/2008081653751300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161016064106/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/article1422985.ece |archive-date=16 October 2016 |website=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=29 December 2010 }}</ref> This cinema portrayed the life of simple folk in a small village in [[Kerala]]. It stars [[Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair]] and [[B. S. Saroja]], with the latter making her debut and the former in his first major role.<ref>{{Cite book |last=National Film Development Corporation of India |title=Cinema in India: Volume 2 |year=1991 |isbn=0-333-93410-5 |location=India}}</ref> Its music is composed by [[V. Dakshinamoorthy]] and popular playback singer [[Mehboob (singer)|Mehboob]] debuted through this cinema.<ref name="The Hindu" /> It is a remake of the Hindi cinema ''[[Jeevan Naiya]]'' with revised screenplay.


The [[Tamil language|Tamil]] version was titled '''''Pichaikkaari''''' ({{lang-en|Lady beggar}}) and released on 18 May 1951. Vidwan P. Adhimoolan wrote the dialogues and lyrics.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1951-cinedetails15.asp|title=Sadhanaigal Padaitha Thamizh Thiraipada Varalaru|trans-title=History of Landmark Tamil Films|publisher=Sivakami Publishers|author=Film News Anandan|authorlink=Film News Anandan|date=23 October 2004|location=Chennai|language=Tamil|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20170921023658/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1951-cinedetails15.asp|archivedate=21 September 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The song ''Vanaraniye enthan manaraniye'' sung by [[Thiruchi Loganathan]] and [[P. Leela]] was a popular number.
The Tamil version, titled '''''Pichaikkaari''''' ({{trans|''The Lady Beggar''}}), was released on 18 May 1951. Vidwan P. Adhimoolan wrote the dialogues and lyrics.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1951 – பிச்சைக்காரி – கே.கே.புரொடக்ஷன்ஸ் ஜீவிதநௌகா(ம) |trans-title=1951 – Pichaikkaari – K.K. Productions Jeevitha Nouka(ma) |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1951-cinedetails15.asp |url-status=dead |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=ta |access-date=21 September 2017 |archive-date=21 September 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170921023658/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1951-cinedetails15.asp }}</ref> The song "Vanaraniye enthan manaraniye", sung by [[Thiruchi Loganathan]] and [[P. Leela]], was popular.


==Malayalam Cast==
== Synopsis ==

* [[Thikkurissi Sukumaran Nair]] as Soman
The story revolves around the life of a family struggling with poverty and societal challenges. The protagonist, Raju, is a kind-hearted man who works hard to support his family. Despite his dedication, financial difficulties put immense pressure on him and his loved ones.

Raju’s wife, Lakshmi, tries to maintain harmony in the household, but the arrival of wealth and materialistic ambitions disrupt their peaceful life. The plot delves into themes of greed, family values, and the conflicts that arise from differing priorities among family members.

The turning point comes when misunderstandings and disputes tear the family apart, highlighting the consequences of materialism and selfishness. The movie emphasizes the importance of unity, compassion, and selflessness as it moves toward its emotional climax and resolution.

== Cast ==

=== Malayalam ===
'''Main cast'''
* [[Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair]] as Soman
* [[B. S. Saroja]] as Lakshmi
* [[B. S. Saroja]] as Lakshmi
* Adhimoolam as Kaniyan
* Adhimoolam as Kaniyan
* [[Pankajavalli]] as Janu
* [[Pankajavalli]] as Janu, Raju's wife
* [[S. P. Pillai]] as
* [[S. P. Pillai]] as Shanku, Janu's brother
* Nanukuttan as [[Zamindar]]
* Nanukuttan as [[Zamindar]]
* [[Sebastian Kunjukunju Bhagavathar]] as Soman's brother
* [[Sebastian Kunjukunju Bhagavathar]] as Raju, Soman's elder brother
;Support cast
;Supporting cast
* Ponnappan Arckatty as SI of Police
* [[Muthukulam Raghavan Pillai]], Ambalappuzha Ravunni, [[Girija (actress)|Baby Girija]], Jagadamma, Janamma, Mathappan, Mulavana, Soman Pillai.
* [[Muthukulam Raghavan Pillai]], Ambalappuzha Ravunni, Baby Girija, Jagadamma, Janamma, Mathappan, Mulavana, Soman Pillai.


==Tamil Cast
=== Tamil ===
;Main cast
* [[Thikkurissi Sukumaran Nair|Thikkurisi Sukumaran Nair]] as Soman
* [[Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair]] as Soman
* Baby Bhagavathar as Raju
* [[Sebastian Kunjukunju Bhagavathar|Kunju Kunju Bhagavathar]] as Raju
* [[B. S. Saroja]] as Lakshmi
* [[B. S. Saroja]] as Lakshmi
* [[Pankajavalli]] as Janu
* [[Pankajavalli]] as Janu
Line 45: Line 57:
* [[Muthukulam Raghavan Pillai]] as Lawyer
* [[Muthukulam Raghavan Pillai]] as Lawyer
* [[S. P. Pillai]] as Shanku
* [[S. P. Pillai]] as Shanku
* Mathappan as Baby
* Mathappan as Kunju

;Dance
;Dance
* C. R. Rajakumari
* C. R. Rajakumari
Line 53: Line 66:
* Balachandran
* Balachandran


==Box office==
== Soundtrack ==
V. Dakshinamoorthy composed the music for both Malayalam and Tamil versions. All the tunes for all the songs for both languages are the same with slight changes in playback singers.
The film was considered as the first "Super Hit" status Malayalam film. The film was both critical and commercial success and ran over 284 days in theatres.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-a-z-of-malayalam-cinema/20120420.htm|title=J for Jeevitha Nauka (1951)|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=20 April 2012}}</ref>

;Malayalam songs (Jeevitha Nouka)
Lyrics were penned by [[Abhayadev]] and [[Vallathol Narayana Menon]]. [[Playback singer]]s are [[Thiruchi Loganathan]], [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]], [[Sebastian Kunjukunju Bhagavathar]], [[V. Dakshinamoorthy]], [[Mehboob (singer)|Mehboob]], [[P. Leela]], Alappuzha Pushpam and [[Kaviyoor Revamma]].

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer/s !! Duration (m:ss)
|-
| "Paahi Thaaye" || Mehboob & Kaviyoor Revamma ||
|-
| "Aanandamiyalum Baale" || P. Leela ||
|-
| "Paathakalil Vaaneedumee" || Kaviyoor Revamma ||
|-
| "Ghoraandhakaaramaaya" || Thiruchi Loganathan & P. Leela ||
|-
| "Pasiyaaluyirvaadi" || Kaviyoor Revamma ||
|-
| "Gathiyethumilla" || Kaviyoor Revamma ||
|-
| "Vaarthinkal Thaalameduthavar"<br />(Magdalana Mariyam) || Mehboob, V. Dakshinamoorthy<br />& Kaviyoor Revamma
|-
| "Premarajyamarnu" || V. Dakshinamoorthy & P. Leela
|-
| "Aanathalayolam Venna" || Sebastian Kunjukunju Bhagavathar<br />& Alappuzha Pushpam ||
|-
| "Thornidumo Kanneer" || Mehboob & Kaviyoor Revamma ||
|-
| "Paapamaanithu Baale" || Ghantasala ||
|-
| "Karuthidaathey || Alappuzha Pushpam ||
|-
| "Akaale Aarum Kaividam" || Mehboob ||
|-
| "Vana Gaayike Vanil Varoo Naayike" || Mehboob & P. Leela ||
|-
| "Thoraathasrudhaara" || Kaviyoor Revamma ||
|}

;Tamil songs (Pichaikkaari)
Lyrics were penned by P. Aadhimoolan.

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer/s !! Duration (m:ss)
|-
| "Baahi Thaaye Paarvathi" || [[P. Leela]]||
|-
| "Joraaga Uduthe Naane" || P. Leela ||
|-
| "Neeyethaane Eesan Thunai" || P. Leela ||
|-
| "Thedinaaro Yaavarum Dhanam" || [[Mehboob (singer)|Mehboob]] & [[Kaviyoor Revamma]]||
|-
| "Veedhigalil Vaazhdhiduvaar" || Kaviyoor Revamma ||
|-
| "Gadhi Yaarum Illai" || Kaviyoor Revamma ||
|-
| "Kaarmugil Keeri Velippadum" || [[Thiruchi Loganathan]], P. Leela<br />& Kaviyoor Revamma ||
|-
| "Paavamaaam Idhu Paavaai" || Thiruchi Loganathan ||
|-
| "Vaai Niraiya Vennai" || P. Leela ||
|-
| "Yaaradi Kalli Neethaan" || Thiruchi Loganathan & P. Leela ||
|-
| "Inidhaai Ennidatthe" || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]]||
|-
| "Nanmaigal Seidhaal" || Thiruchi Loganathan ||
|-
| "Sagaayam Yaarum Alladaa" || Thiruchi Loganathan ||
|-
| "Vanaraniye Endhan Manaraniye" || Thiruchi Loganathan & P. Leela ||
|}

== Box office ==
This film was a critical and commercial success and ran over 284 days in theatres.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 April 2012 |title=J for Jeevitha Nauka (1951) |url=http://m.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-a-z-of-malayalam-cinema/20120420.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227034323/http://m.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-a-z-of-malayalam-cinema/20120420.htm |archive-date=27 February 2018 |access-date=26 February 2018 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> The film was screened in Kozhikode for 175 days and ran for 107 days in Ernakulam. 100 days have been completed in Kollam, Alappuzha, Kottayam, Kannur and Thrissur districts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 2021 |title=വിജയത്തിലേക്ക് ഒഴുകിയ ജീവിതനൗക |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/features/2021/03/15/70-years-of-jeevitha-nouka-movie.html |access-date=2022-07-31 |website=ManoramaOnline |language=ml}}</ref>


==References==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0251155|Jeevitha Nouka}}
* {{IMDb title}}
* [http://www.malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?219 ''Jeevitha Nouka''] at the Malayalam Movie Database
* [http://www.malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?219 ''Jeevitha Nouka''] at the Malayalam Movie Database


[[Category:1950s Indian films]]
[[Category:1950s Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:1950s Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:1950s Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1951 drama films]]
[[Category:1951 multilingual films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Indian multilingual films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Latest revision as of 03:05, 27 December 2024

Jeevitha Nouka
Advertisement of the Malayalam version
Directed byK. Vembu
Written byMuthukulam Raghavan Pillai
Story byK&K Productions
Produced byK. V. Koshi
Kunchako
StarringThikkurissy Sukumaran Nair
B. S. Saroja
Adhimoolam
Pankajavalli
S.P.Pillai
Nanukuttan
CinematographyP. B. Mani
Edited byS. Williams
Music byV. Dakshinamoorthy
Production
company
Release date
  • 15 March 1951 (1951-03-15)
Running time
170 minutes
CountryIndia
LanguageMalayalam
Budget₹ 20,000 (approx:₹704447.82)[1]

Jeevitha Nouka (transl. The Lifeboat) is a 1951 Indian Malayalam-language film directed by K. Vembu and jointly produced by K. V. Koshi and Kunchako. It was the first "blockbuster cinema" in Malayalam cinema, with a theatrical run of 284 days.[2][3] Made at a budget of ₹20,000, it was a commercial success at the box office, such that very few cinemas could surpass it later.[1] It was simultaneously shot in Tamil and Telugu, and was dubbed and released in Hindi.[4] This cinema portrayed the life of simple folk in a small village in Kerala. It stars Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair and B. S. Saroja, with the latter making her debut and the former in his first major role.[5] Its music is composed by V. Dakshinamoorthy and popular playback singer Mehboob debuted through this cinema.[4] It is a remake of the Hindi cinema Jeevan Naiya with revised screenplay.

The Tamil version, titled Pichaikkaari (transl. The Lady Beggar), was released on 18 May 1951. Vidwan P. Adhimoolan wrote the dialogues and lyrics.[6] The song "Vanaraniye enthan manaraniye", sung by Thiruchi Loganathan and P. Leela, was popular.

Synopsis

[edit]

The story revolves around the life of a family struggling with poverty and societal challenges. The protagonist, Raju, is a kind-hearted man who works hard to support his family. Despite his dedication, financial difficulties put immense pressure on him and his loved ones.

Raju’s wife, Lakshmi, tries to maintain harmony in the household, but the arrival of wealth and materialistic ambitions disrupt their peaceful life. The plot delves into themes of greed, family values, and the conflicts that arise from differing priorities among family members.

The turning point comes when misunderstandings and disputes tear the family apart, highlighting the consequences of materialism and selfishness. The movie emphasizes the importance of unity, compassion, and selflessness as it moves toward its emotional climax and resolution.

Cast

[edit]

Malayalam

[edit]

Main cast

Supporting cast
  • Ponnappan Arckatty as SI of Police
  • Muthukulam Raghavan Pillai, Ambalappuzha Ravunni, Baby Girija, Jagadamma, Janamma, Mathappan, Mulavana, Soman Pillai.

Tamil

[edit]
Main cast
Dance
  • C. R. Rajakumari
  • Indira Acharya
  • B. S. Saroja
  • Gopalakrishnan
  • Balachandran

Soundtrack

[edit]

V. Dakshinamoorthy composed the music for both Malayalam and Tamil versions. All the tunes for all the songs for both languages are the same with slight changes in playback singers.

Malayalam songs (Jeevitha Nouka)

Lyrics were penned by Abhayadev and Vallathol Narayana Menon. Playback singers are Thiruchi Loganathan, Ghantasala, Sebastian Kunjukunju Bhagavathar, V. Dakshinamoorthy, Mehboob, P. Leela, Alappuzha Pushpam and Kaviyoor Revamma.

Song Singer/s Duration (m:ss)
"Paahi Thaaye" Mehboob & Kaviyoor Revamma
"Aanandamiyalum Baale" P. Leela
"Paathakalil Vaaneedumee" Kaviyoor Revamma
"Ghoraandhakaaramaaya" Thiruchi Loganathan & P. Leela
"Pasiyaaluyirvaadi" Kaviyoor Revamma
"Gathiyethumilla" Kaviyoor Revamma
"Vaarthinkal Thaalameduthavar"
(Magdalana Mariyam)		 Mehboob, V. Dakshinamoorthy
& Kaviyoor Revamma
"Premarajyamarnu" V. Dakshinamoorthy & P. Leela
"Aanathalayolam Venna" Sebastian Kunjukunju Bhagavathar
& Alappuzha Pushpam
"Thornidumo Kanneer" Mehboob & Kaviyoor Revamma
"Paapamaanithu Baale" Ghantasala
"Karuthidaathey Alappuzha Pushpam
"Akaale Aarum Kaividam" Mehboob
"Vana Gaayike Vanil Varoo Naayike" Mehboob & P. Leela
"Thoraathasrudhaara" Kaviyoor Revamma
Tamil songs (Pichaikkaari)

Lyrics were penned by P. Aadhimoolan.

Song Singer/s Duration (m:ss)
"Baahi Thaaye Paarvathi" P. Leela
"Joraaga Uduthe Naane" P. Leela
"Neeyethaane Eesan Thunai" P. Leela
"Thedinaaro Yaavarum Dhanam" Mehboob & Kaviyoor Revamma
"Veedhigalil Vaazhdhiduvaar" Kaviyoor Revamma
"Gadhi Yaarum Illai" Kaviyoor Revamma
"Kaarmugil Keeri Velippadum" Thiruchi Loganathan, P. Leela
& Kaviyoor Revamma
"Paavamaaam Idhu Paavaai" Thiruchi Loganathan
"Vaai Niraiya Vennai" P. Leela
"Yaaradi Kalli Neethaan" Thiruchi Loganathan & P. Leela
"Inidhaai Ennidatthe" Ghantasala
"Nanmaigal Seidhaal" Thiruchi Loganathan
"Sagaayam Yaarum Alladaa" Thiruchi Loganathan
"Vanaraniye Endhan Manaraniye" Thiruchi Loganathan & P. Leela

Box office

[edit]

This film was a critical and commercial success and ran over 284 days in theatres.[7] The film was screened in Kozhikode for 175 days and ran for 107 days in Ernakulam. 100 days have been completed in Kollam, Alappuzha, Kottayam, Kannur and Thrissur districts.[8]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b M. A. Oommen, Kumbattu Varkey Joseph (1991). Economics of Indian cinema. India: Oxford & IBH Publications. p. 50. ISBN 81-204-0575-7.
  2. ^ Thoraval, Yves (1998). The cinemas of India (Les Cinemas de L lnde) (in French). France: Macmillan India. ISBN 0-333-93410-5.
  3. ^ Kerala Sahitya Academy (1998). Malayalam litreary survey Volume 20, Issue 1. India: Macmillan India. p. 23.
  4. ^ a b Vijayakumar, B. (16 August 2008). "Jeevitha Nouka 1951". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 16 October 2016. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
  5. ^ National Film Development Corporation of India (1991). Cinema in India: Volume 2. India. ISBN 0-333-93410-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  6. ^ "1951 – பிச்சைக்காரி – கே.கே.புரொடக்ஷன்ஸ் ஜீவிதநௌகா(ம)" [1951 – Pichaikkaari – K.K. Productions Jeevitha Nouka(ma)]. Lakshman Sruthi (in Tamil). Archived from the original on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
  7. ^ "J for Jeevitha Nauka (1951)". Rediff.com. 20 April 2012. Archived from the original on 27 February 2018. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
  8. ^ "വിജയത്തിലേക്ക് ഒഴുകിയ ജീവിതനൗക". ManoramaOnline (in Malayalam). 15 March 2021. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
[edit]
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